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Transcript of Self-paced presentation WORLD WAR I OVERVIEW. Do the following as you view this power point: 1. Take...
Self-paced presentation
WORLD WAR I OVERVIEW
Do the following as you view this power point:
1. Take C Notes on each slide except section headings
(orange with no photographs)
2. Photos that are marked “PHOTO ANALYSIS”
- write down 2 details in the photo
- answer questions on photo analysis block of slide
3. Follow website hyperlinks for additional information on
photographs.
DIRECTIONS
2
And their countriesLeaders & Key Figures
3
Match the Leader with the Country
1 2 3 4 5
United States – A(Not on map)
Great Britain - BFrance - C
Austria – Hungary - D Germany - E
B
E
DC
4
1 - Kaiser Wilhelm II2 - Franz Joseph I3 - David Lloyd George4 - Georges Clemenceau 5 - Woodrow Wilson
Battlefronts of the War what do you see?
5
AUSTRIA-HUNGARIAN: ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND
Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne
He and his wife were assassinated in 1914
Their assassination was the “spark that lit the fuse”
6
SERBIA: GAVRILO PRINCIP
He was the assassin who killed Franz Ferdinand
Member of the
Serbian nationalist group the Black Hand
7
Countdown to World War I write a short summary
(June – August 1914) June 28 - Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is
assassinated.
July 23 - Austria-Hungary issues a ten-point ult imatum to Serbia (not believing Serbia wil l accept) demanding suppression of publications hosti le to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, dismissal of government offi cials, and allowing Austria-Hungary to participate in court proceedings against Serbian terrorists. Serbia accepts almost al l of the demands, but refuses to al low Austro-Hungarian offi cials to participate in Serbia's internal court proceedings.
July 28 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
July 30 - Russia mobil izes its mil itary reserves (because of al l iance with Serbia).
July 31 - Germany issues ult imatum to Russia to demobil ize within 12 hours.
August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia when Russia refuses to demobil ize. France issues general mobil ization order (because of al l iance with Russia).
August 3 - Germany declares war on France.
August 4 - Germany invades Belgium to attack France. Great Britain declares war on Germany because of a commitment to protect Belgian independence.
Adapted from “The Art and Science of Diplomacy: A World War I Activity” by James Sheehan 8
And other technology
WEAPONS
9
NEW WEAPONS
Gas GrenadesTanksPlanesMachine Guns
deemed “WMD”fired up to 600 bullets a minute
Artillerynew and upgraded
10
INTRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL GAS
11
TYPES OF GASSES
ChlorineUsed first in 1915 at Yprescaused death by asphyxiation
PhoseneLike Chlorine gas this gas burned the lungs
Mustardattacked the skin (moist)eyes, armpits, and groin
12
Describe what you see in this photo. What types of weapons and equipment are they using?
PHOTO ANALYSIS
13
GRENADE LAUNCHERS
Small arms weapon
Portable on the
battle field
14
GAS EXPLODING OVER “NO MAN’S LAND”
Men in the trenches had to be careful about the shift in the wind.
Gas could be blown right back into the trenches they were sent from.
15
PROTECTING MAN AND BEAST FROM GASSES
Gas masks were developed to deal with the harsh chemicals being used during WWI.
Often masks were not available
16
Follow the link below for a description of the use of torpedo boats. Read the fi rst paragraph only.
TORPEDO BOAT
http://www.cityofart.net/bship/destroyers.html 17
“BIG BERTHA”
German cannon
Could fire at Paris from 12 km. away
1 km = .62 mile
18
Challenges of trench warfare
THE BATTLEFIELDS AND TRENCHES
19
20
THE BATTLE FIELD
21
PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see in each photo, such as what the trenches are like and what is going on.
2222
23
TRENCHES
Usually about 7 feet deep and six feet wide
Zigzag pattern to prevent enemy from shooting straight down
Sandbags put on both sides to absorb enemy bullets
24
25
NO MAN ’S LAND
Land that separated the Allies and German trenches
Normally about 250 yards
PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see. What is No Man’s Land l ike?
26
LAYOUT OF TRENCH SYSTEM
Front lineFiring trenchesCommunication
trenchesSupport trenches
27
PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you think it would be like to fi ght in the trenches.
28
TRENCH CYCLE
Varied based on necessity Example
One year of service 70 days on the front line 30 days in support trenches 120 days in reserve 70 days rest
29
FIRE STEP
“Stand to” most attacks came at dawn so soldiers were ordered to prepare to defend the trench
First step provided the place to fire upon the enemy 30
DANGERS IN THE TRENCHES
SnipersShell shockDiseaseRatsDangerous
missions
31
PHOTO ANALYSIS
PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see in this photo, such as how the trench is constructed and what the people are doing.
32
TRENCHES
33
PART II:Congratulations! You have made it to the half-way mark.
WORLD WAR I OVERVIEW
34
And pilotsAIRCRAFT
35
AIRPLANES
ReconnaissanceTorpedo (subs)“Dog fights”Bombers
36 36
37
ACCIDENTS
3838
ZEPPELINS
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWzeppelinraids.htm
FOLLOW THE LINK:For information on the use of Zeppelins during the war.
39
40
The Germans perfected a machine gun that would synchronize its firing with the rotation of the propellers.
German Airplane with machine gun was called the Fokker-Eindecker. 41
Planes flying over enemylines were often given anescort.
42
FLYING ACES
British: Mannock
(73)
French: Fonk (75)
Belgium: Coppens
(34)
US: Rickenbacker
(26)
Italy: Baracca (36)
Germany Von Richthofen (80)
43
THE RED BARON: MANFRED VON RICHTHOFEN
German
Greatest “ace” of WWI.
80 kills
44
http://www.lib.auburn.edu/archive/find-aid/101/eddie.htm
Follow the link below for information about Eddie Rickenbacker. Read the section on WWI only.
U. S. ACE
45
NEW GUNS
Vicker’s Machine Gun250 round belt
600 rounds per minute
4,500 yard range
Eventually placed on British and French aircraft in 1916 46
46
TANKS
47
TANKS
Developed to deal with trench warfare.
Could go through barbed wire.
Diffi cult to destroy
Very slow48
TANKS
First tanks carried 1-2 people and traveled less than 5 mph
Rolls Royce began building armored cars
British - American Mark 8th Carried 8 men Fired 208 shells and 13,000 bullets
49
BIGGEST TANK
Russian
PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see. What do you think this tank was designed to do? Do you think it goes very fast?
50 50
SMALLER, MORE MOBILE TANKS
Didn’t offer much protection
but were quicker
51
MODIFICATIONS TO THE TANK
Body of the tank was changed so that it could go over trenches
Diffi cult to use tanks in rainy weather and during the winter on the eastern front.
52
FLAMETHROWERS
Had to be used up close and personal
Dangerous for the men who used them, too
53
Describe what you see in this photo, the landscape and what the people are doing.
PHOTO ANALYSIS
PHOTO ANALYSIS
54
And their use in combat
ANIMALS
55
USE OF ANIMALS DURING WWI
Dogs, cats, goats, pigeons, horses, camels
Used to deliver messages, find wounded men, haul equipment, mascots
56
USE OF ANIMALS
Follow this link for information on Sgt. Stubby http://www.jbmf.us/HST-WW1.asp
57
MILITARY WORKING DOCS
58
CARRIER PIDGONS
They took messages from the front lines to the command center and all places in between.
59
And the treatment of injuries
MEDICINE
60
PHOTO ANALYSIS
PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see in this photo, such as the expressions on peoples faces and what they are doing.
61
HEALTH PROBLEMS
Trench footTrench feverShell shock
62
INJURIES & DEATH
Technological advances lead to higher numbers of casualties
9-10 Million total deaths
Approx. 900 French soldiers & 1300 German soldiers die each day
2,800,000 French soldiers wounded
63
MEDICAL ADVANCES
Better evacuation systems Antiseptic surgery using anesthetics on the
battlefieldRemoval of damaged tissues when treating fractures
limiting the risk of gangrene reducing the number of amputations
X-ray detection of projectiles embedded in the fleshFacial plastic surgeryVaccination against typhus & tetanusBlood transfusions
All these were therapeutic capabilities that had no equivalent in earlier confl icts, entirely new specialties were created during the war. 64
SHELL SHOCK SYMPTOMS
Diarrhea Anxiety Hysterical tics Stomach cramps Losing vision
(snipers)Nightmares
65