Self harm - what? why? and how to help
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Self-HarmWhat is it?
Why do people do it?How can you help?
Pooky Knightsmith@PookyH
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AKA – self-injury, deliberate self-harm, self-poisoning
May include:• Cutting• Swallowing tablets / poisons• Burning
In younger children / SEN population you may see:• Hair pulling• Scratching• Head banging
Self-harm defined
Any behaviour where the intent is to deliberately hurt oneself
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Negative Emotions
(sadness, anger, despair)
Tension(inability to cope with
emotions)
Self-Harm Act(e.g. cutting, burning)
Positive Effects(tension relieved
temporarily)
Negative Effects(Shame and guilt over
self-harm act)The Cycle of
Self-harm
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Anyone can be affected
• Approximately 10% of secondary school aged students have self-harmed
• Hard to know true prevalence as it’s very secretive
• Girls considered more at risk – but may be due to definitions
• >25% of eating disorder patients also self-harm
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Why?
“I was told exactly what to do all the time. I had no control over my life at all. Then I discovered cutting and realised I had complete control over my own body.”
CONTROL…
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Why?
“I don’t like it when I hurt inside – in my heart and my brain – physical pain is a lot easier to deal with.”
COPE WITH EMOTIONS
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Why?
“When I hurt myself it’s because I’m angry with myself - usually because I’ve said or done something stupid again.”
PUNISHMENT
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Triggers
• Family relationship difficulties• Peer relationship break up / difficulties• Bullying• Trauma • SH behaviour in other students / the media• Difficult times of year e.g. anniversaries• Trouble in school or with the police• Exam pressure• Times of change (new school, parents split etc)
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Behavioural Warning SignsIsolation from friends
Secretive behaviour
Can’t focus in class
Expressing feelings of failure
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Talking about self-harm Responding positively
Occasional eye contactOpen body languageNod / affi rmati ve noisesDon’t take notes / check watchInvolve them in decisions
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Before self-harm…
Write or draw about feelings
Contact a friend, family member, helpline
Go to a quiet place and scream / scream
silently
Hit a pillow / soft object Listen to music Look after an animal
Draw red lines on the skin Clench ice cubes
Snap elastic band on wrist
Make a list of things to do before self harm. Laminate it and carry it everywhere and work through the list when you have the urge to self-harm