Self Government Federation: Articles of Confederation , Form #13.002

8/11/2019 Self Government Federation: Articles of Confederation , Form #13.002

1/192

^lfo Bhvlrc`lct Oljlritehc (^BO)

Irtenfls ho Nhcoljlritehc

(Nevef ofib ho tml \cetlj ^titls1^y`dhf ho tml nh``hc fiw icj slfo-bhvlrc`lct)

Jlnl`dlr >7, 479?_lrsehc 9.7:

^hvlrlebcty Ljunitehc icj Jlolcsl Oljlritehc

mttp1//slj`.hrb/
http://sedm.org/http://sedm.org/http://sedm.org/


2/192

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^lfo Bhvlrc`lct Oljlritehc (^BO)1 Irtenfls ho Nhcoljlritehc mttp1//slj`.hrbOhr` 9>.774, Tlv. 94->7-479?, _lr. 9.7: L]MEDEZ1XXXXXXXX

JLJENIZEHC

Uhu[AlsusP irl whrtmy th tikl tml snrhff,

Icj th hplc ets slifs;

Ohr Uhu wlrl sfiec,

Icj mivl rljll`lj us th Bhj dy Uhur dfhhj

Hut ho lvlry tredl icj thcbul icj plhpfl icj citehc,Icj mivl `ijl us kecbs icj prelsts th hur Bhj;

Icj wl smiff rlebc hc tml lirtm.

[Tlv. >7 (95>94 \.^. ?77, ?7:, ?9 ^.Nt. 2:4 (95:9)P

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

"Zml Bhvlrc`lct ho tml \cetlj ^titls es hcl ho jlflbitlj phwlrs ifhcl. Ets iutmhrety es jloeclj icj fe`etlj dy tml

Nhcstetutehc. Iff phwlrs cht brictlj th et dy tmit ecstru`lct irl rlslrvlj th tml ^titls hr tml plhpfl."

[\cetlj titls v. Nrueksmick,54 \.^.


3/192

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Rmit E niccht jh ec plrshc, E niccht jh tmrhubm tml iblcny ho ichtmlr [ecnfujecb i bhvlrc`lctP.

[DhuvelrsFiw Jentehciry \cidrejblj, =tmLjetehc, pb. 4941


4/192

Zidfl ho Nhctlcts ev


TL_E^EHC ME^ZHTU

Jitl _lrsehc Jlsnreptehc

7>/99/7= 9.77 Nh`pfltlj eceteif vlrsehc.

94/9:/7= 9.79 9. Ijjlj slntehc ?.4.?1 Wrevitl @ief Jlfevlry

4. Ijjlj slntehc ?.4.21 Bhvlrc`lct EJ Nirjs

>. Ijjlj slntehc 4.91 Ci`ecb nhcvlctehcs ohr iblcnels icj ecstru`lctifetels ho tmesbhvlrc`lct.

:. Ijjlj slntehc 4.41 Whstif ijjrlss jestecntehcs.

icj : th tml Ohrty Cectm I`lcj`lct.

:. Ijjlj slntehc :.41 Jlpirt`lct ho tml Zrlisury.

9. @hjeoelj slntehc :.4.:.

4. Tlci`lj icj rlwrhtl slntehc :.4.?.

>. Lxpicjlj slntehc :.4.2.

:. Tlci`lj slntehc :.:.: icj rlwrhtl et.

.9>.

94/>7/479? 9.7: 9. Lxpicjlj slntehc >.4.:1 Oeotm I`lcj`lct, th ijj i nhcnfusevl prlsu`ptehc

idhut tml WTE_IZL stitus ho iff prhplrty.

4. Ijjlj slntehc . Ijjlj slntehc :.:.91 @icjithry Hitm.

:. Ijjlj slntehc 2.. Ijjlj slntehc 4.41 Jloecetehc ho fiw.


5/192

Zidfl ho Nhctlcts v


ZIDFL HO NHCZLCZ^

Wibl

JLJENIZEHC .................................................................................................................. ee

TL_EÊHC ME^ZHTU .................................................................................................... ev

ZIDFL HO NHCZLCZ^ ..................................................................................................v

ZIDFL HO I\ZMHTEZEL^ ........................................................................................... x

9 W\TWH^L ICJ OH\CJIZEHC ............................................................................. 99.9 Bhvlrc`lct ci`l icj citurl ........................................................................................................................... 9

9.4 Rmy Zmes Bhvlrc`lct Ris Tl-Lstidfesmlj .................................................................................................... 9

9.> Flbif Iutmhrety ohr Lstidfesmecb tmes Bhvlrc`lct ......................................................................................... =

9.: Hur Nh`èssehc orh` Zml Nrlithr ................................................................................................................ 9=

4.4 Jloecetehc ho austenl ec flbif icj phfetenif nhctlxt ...................................................................................... :7

4.> Jloecetehc ho fiw ............................................................................................................................................ :>

4.: Ciècb nhcvlctehcs wetmec pudfen rlnhrjs ho iblcnels icj ecstru`lctifetels ho tmes jl aurl

bhvlrc`lct ........................................................................................................................................................ :=

4..9.9 CLR Wrli`dfl .......................................................................................................................................... >.9.4 Irtenfl E1 Flbesfitevl Jlpirt`lct ............................................................................................................. .9.4.9 Tlveslj ^lntehc =1 ^plneoen phwlrs ho Nhcbrlss ............................................................................ .9.> Irtenfl E_1 ^titls rlfitehcs ........................................................................................................................ .9.>.9 Tlveslj ^lntehc :1 Buirictll ho rlpudfenic ohr` ho bhvlrc`lct icj prhtlntehc ho linm stitl ...... .4 @hjeoenitehcs ho tml Hrebecif Deff ho Tebmts ................................................................................................... .4.9 Oerst I`lcj`lct1 Tlfebehc, isshneitehc, icj lxprlssehc .......................................................................... .4.4 ^lnhcj I`lcj`lct1 Dlirecb Ir`s .......................................................................................................... ?7>.4.>

Ohurtm I`lcj`lct1 ^lirnm icj ^lezurl ................................................................................................... ?7

>.4.:

Oeotm I`lcj`lct1 Tebmts ho Wlrshcs ........................................................................................................ ?7

>.4..4.? ^lvlctm I`lcj`lct1 Nevef Zreifs ............................................................................................................. ?9

>.> Clw Oljlrif/^titl Nhcstetutehcif I`lcj`lcts ............................................................................................ ?4

>.>.9 Ohrteltm I`lcj`lct1 Tlquerl`lct ohr Lquif Wrhtlntehc ......................................................................... ?4>.>.9.9 ^lntehc 91 Bhvlrc`lct ùst hdly iff fiws et lcints icj ìy cht lxnfujl etslfo ........................... ?4>.>.9.4 ^lntehc 41 Bhvlrc`lct sudalnt th si`l finmls icj lsthpplf is lvlryhcl lfsl .............................. ?4>.>.9.> ^lntehc >1 Wrevitl netezlcs mivl tml si`l shvlrlebc e`ùcety is tml bhvlrc`lct ........................ ?4>.>.9.:

^lntehc :1 Bhvlrc`lct ìy cht nreècifezl chcpiy`lct ohr ets slrvenls ec tml ohr` ho tixls.. ?4


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>.>.9..4

Ohrty Oerst I`lcj`lct1 Dificnlj Dujblt Tlquerlj ................................................................................. ?>

>.>.4.9 ^lntehc 91 Wudfen jldts prhmedetlj .................................................................................................. ?>>.>.4.4 ^lntehc 41 Zixitehc th piy hoo jldts............................................................................................... ?:>.>.4.> ^lntehc >1 Bhvlrc`lct ìy cht fhic hr dl i buiricthr ho icy fhic .............................................. ?:

>.>.> Ohrty ^lnhcj I`lcj`lct1 Cletmlr Nhcbrlss Chr tml Aujeneiry @iy Tlbufitl, îcntehc, hr Wucesm tmlWrintenl ho Fiw ......................................................................................................................................... ?:

>.>.:

Ohrty Zmerj I`lcj`lct1 Ecaurehus Wrlsu`ptehc prhmedetlj ec iff aujeneif hr ijècestritevl prhnlljecbsicj wetmec icy flbesfitehc ......................................................................................................................... ?:>.>.:.9 ^lntehc 91 Wrlsu`ptehc jloeclj ..................................................................................................... ?:>.>.:.4 ^lntehc 41 Wrlsu`ptehcs ecaurecb plrshcif hr previtl rebmts prhmedetlj ......................................... ??>.>.:.> ^lntehc >1 Wrlsu`ptehcs ecaurecb bhvlrc`lct hr nhfflntevl rebmts plrèttlj ................................ ??

>.>..>.? Ohrty Oeotm I`lcj`lct1 Wrhmedetehc ibiecst ecvhfvl`lct ec icy nmiretidfl lctlrpresl ........................... ?=>.>.2

Ohrty êxtm I`lcj`lct1 Innhuctidefety ho Wudfen ^lrvicts .................................................................... ?=

>.>.2.9 ^lntehc 91 Tlquerl`lct th Icswlr Lvlry Whect Retmec i Wltetehc ohr Tljrlss ho Brelvicnls ...... ?=>.>.2.4 ^lntehc 41 Fiws ecjl`ceoyecb bhvlrc`lct hooenlrs icj l`pfhylls orh` ucfiwouf hr miròuf

dlmivehr prhmedetlj ......................................................................................................................... ?=>.>.2.> ^lntehc >1 Fests ho iff bhvlrc`lct l`pfhylls icj hooenlrs ùst dl pudfesmlj pudfenfy ................ ?5>.>.2.: ^lntehc :1 Nhrrlsphcjlcnl wetm tml pudfen dy bhvlrc`lct ........................................................... ?5>.>.2..2.?

^lntehc ?1 Ecjevejuif l`pfhylls icj hooenlrs ùst dl rlsphcsedfl ohr lvlrytmecb tmly pudfesm thtml pudfen ......................................................................................................................................... ?5

>.>.2.2 ^lntehc 21 Lcohrnl`lct intehcs ...................................................................................................... 27>.>.2.= ^lntehc =1 Zricsnrepts ho flbesfitevl icj aujeneif prhnlljecbs ....................................................... 27>.>.2.5

^lntehc 51 Kchwfljbl icj usl ho tml fiw ...................................................................................... 27

>.>.2.97 ^lntehc 971 Iff aujeneif rlnhrjs irl pudfen rlnhrjs ........................................................................ 29>.>.= Ohrty ^lvlctm I`lcj`lct1 Aujeneif Ij ecestritehc ................................................................................ 29

>.>.=.9 ^lntehc 91 Ch aujbl ìy dl i tixpiylr hr bhvlrc`lct dlcloet rlnepelct................................... 29>.>.=.4 ^lntehc 41 Tlnhrjecb icj tlflvesecb Aujeneif Wrhnlljecbs @iy cht dl Wrlvlctlj ......................... 24>.>.=.> ^lntehc >1 Nlcshrsmep ho Fetebicts ec Nhurt Tlnhrj Wrhmedetlj ..................................................... 24>.>.=.: ^lntehc :1 Ectlrolrecb wetm usecb hr quhtecb fiw ec icy flbif prhnlljecb dy fetebicts ................... 24>.>.=..>.5

Ohrty Lebmtm I`lcj`lct1 Dredlry, Briot, Nhcofents ho Ectlrlst dy Bhvlrc`lct L`pfhylls icj Hooenlrs

Wrhmedetlj ................................................................................................................................................. 2>

>.>.5.9 ^lntehc 91 @uftepfl Hooenls Wrhmedetlj........................................................................................... 2>>.>.5.4 ^lntehc 41 Dredlry .......................................................................................................................... 2:>.>.5.> ^lntehc >1 Nhcbrlssehcif icj Lxlnutevl ifirels ........................................................................... 2:>.>.5.: ^lntehc :1 Flbesfitevl icj Lxlnutevl Dricnm îfirels Zelj th @eslry Ecjlx............................. 2:

>.>.97 Ohrty Cectm I`lcj`lct1 @hcly .............................................................................................................. 2:>.>.97.9 ^lntehc 91 Idhfetehc ho tml Oljlrif Tlslrvl .................................................................................. 2:>.>.97.4 ^lntehc 41 Wrevitl Nurrlcny @iy Cht Dl Wrhmedetlj ..................................................................... 2:>.>.97.> ^lntehc >1 Nurrlcny ucets ohr tricsintehcs ectlrcif th tml jl aurl Oljlritehc ................................ 2:>.>.97.: ^lntehc : 1 Nurrlcny ucets ohr tricsintehcs ecvhfvecb jl ointh \cetlj ^titls ............................. 2.>.99 Oeoteltm I`lcj`lct1 Jlflbitehc ho Flbesfitevl Whwlrs Wrhmedetlj ......................................................... 2.>.94

Oeoty Oerst I`lcj`lct1 Ch plrshc ec rlnlept ho pudfen dlcloets ìy slrvl is i aurest hr vhtlr................ 2.>.9> Oeoty ^lnhcj I`lcj`lct1 Zetfls ho Chdefety ............................................................................................ 2?

>.>.9:

Oeoty Zmerj I`lcj`lct1 Ohrìt icj Wudfenitehc ho Lcint`lcts ho Nhcbrlss ......................................... 2?>.>.9:.9 ^lntehc 91 Ohrìt ho icj Tlstrentehcs \phc Lcint`lcts ............................................................... 2?

>.>.9:.4 ^lntehc 41 Jloecetehcs icj rufls ho stituthry nhcstruntehc icj ectlrprltitehc ................................ 22>.>.9:.> ^lntehc >1 Tlolrlcnls th netezlcs, rlsejlcts, icj ecmideticts wetmec oljlrif fiw................. 22>.>.9:.: ^lntehc :1 Ectrhjuntehc icj _htecb hc Deffs ................................................................................... 22>.>.9:..9:.? ^lntehc ?1 Lvlry hooenl hr l`pfhy`lct ùst dl jlsebcitlj th i splneoen dricnm ho bhvlrc`lct .. 2=

>.>.9


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:.4 Jlpirt`lct ho Zrlisury ................................................................................................................................... 25

:.4.9

Jutels icj rlsphcsedefetels ......................................................................................................................... 25

:.4.4 Innlptidfl nurrlcny typls ......................................................................................................................... =7:.4.> @hcly sthribl ucet .................................................................................................................................... =7:.4.: ^l`eiccuif iujets ...................................................................................................................................... =7:.4. Aujeneiry ............................................................................................................................................................ =9

:.>.9 Ipphect`lct icj Zlcurl ho Aujbls ........................................................................................................... =9:.>.4 E`plinm`lct ho Aujbls ............................................................................................................................. =9:.>.> Tufls ho Nhurt ............................................................................................................................................ =9

:.: Netezlcsmep ......................................................................................................................................................... =4

:.:.9 @icjithry Hitm ......................................................................................................................................... =4:.:.4

netezlcsmep 0 jh`enefl ......................................................................................................................... =>

:.:.> netezlcsmep rlquerls nhcslct ho tml netezlc .......................................................................................... =>:.:.: Yuifeoenitehcs ohr netezlcsmep ..................................................................................................................... =::.:.


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?.4.?.4.? Nirbh jlfevlry ............................................................................................................... 974?.4.?.4.2

Htmlr lxnlptehcs ............................................................................................................ 974

?.4.?.> Ourtmlr Jltiefs .............................................................................................................................. 974?.4.?.: Lxtlrcif fecks ................................................................................................................................ 974

?.4.2 Bhvlrc`lct EJ Nirjs .............................................................................................................................. 974?.> Jl Aurl Nhucty Bhvlrc`lct ......................................................................................................................... 97>

?.>.9 Tlbestrir ho _htlrs ................................................................................................................................... 97>

?.>.4

Nhucty Tlnhrjlr ...................................................................................................................................... 97>

2 OHTLEBC TLFIZEHC^ ....................................................................................... 97:2.9 Tlfitehcsmep th ohrlebc stitls sunm is tml jl ointh bhvlrc`lct ho tml \cetlj ^titls........................ 97:

2.4 Chteoenitehc th Jl Ointh Bhvlrc`lct dy Lflntlj Hooeneifs ho Jl Aurl Bhvlrc`lct \phc Lflntehc ....... 972

2.> ^titus ho Jl Aurl Netezlcs ec Tlfitehc th Jl Ointh \cetlj titls Bhvlrc`lct ........................................ 972

2.: Ecnh`l Zixls ho Ohrlebc titls \phc Hooenlrs icj L`pfhylls ho tmes Bhvlrc`lct ............................... 975

2. Ipplifs orh` Jl Aurl Bhvlrc`lct Nhurts th Lxtlrcif Zreducifs ........................................................... 9972.?.: Ohrlebc Aujb`lcts ................................................................................................................................... 9972.?.

2.2.9 Uhu plhpfl irl aust icte-bhvlrc`lct triethrs. Rmit yhu irl tryecb th jh es ic int ho trlishc ................ 99>2.2.4 Uhu nict slt up i bhvlrc`lct wetmhut tlrrethry ..................................................................................... 99:2.2.> Uhu nict usl Zml Nrlithrs Fiw. Zmit vehfitls tml slpiritehc ho nmurnm icj stitl icj tml Oerst

I`lcj lct ............................................................................................................................................ 999

=.97 Irtenfl EEE Nhurts ............................................................................................................................................ 9>4

=.99 Ch ìc ìy dl i aujbl ec mes hwc nisl ........................................................................................................ 9>4

5 BH_LTC@LCZ^ E@WFL@LCZLJ REZM IFF HT WITZ HO ZML

WTH_EÊHC^ HO ZME^ JHN\@LCZ ............................................................... 9>?97.9 Netezlc Wrhtlntehc Ibrll`lct........................................................................................................................ 9>?


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Zidfl ho Nhctlcts ex


97.4 Jlnfirithry Aujb`lct1 Netezlc Ij`essehc ................................................................................................. 9>2

97.> Yulstehccierl ohr Nicjejitls ohr Whfetenif Hooenl ....................................................................................... 9>=

97.: Nlrteoenitl ho Lflntehc, Ipphect`lct, hr L`pfhy`lct ................................................................................ 9>5

FE^Z HO ZIDFL^

WiblZidfl 91 Nh`pireshc ho Jl Ointh icj Jl Aurl bhvlrc`lcts ................................................................................................ 95

Zidfl 41 Ci`ecb nhcvlctehcs ohr iblcnels icj ecstru`lctifetels ho bhvlrc`lct ................................................................. :=Zidfl >1 Zlr`s ec \.^. Nhcstetutehc Tljloeclj ohr Olffhwsmep ............................................................................................ Zidfl :1 Hvlriff Hrbicezitehc ............................................................................................................................................... 57Zidfl


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ZIDFL HO I\ZMHTEZEL^

Nhcstetutehcif Wrhvesehcs

92tm I`lcj lct ....................................................................................................................................................................

I`lcj lct :9, ^lntehc 9 ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... =9I`lcj lct :2, ^lntehc : ...................................................................................................................................................... =9Irt. E, 2, nf. 9 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4?Irtenfl 9, ^lntehc = ho tml oljlrif nhcstetutehc ....................................................................................................................... 42Irtenfl 9, ^lntehc =, Nfiusl > ........................................................................................................................................... >7, 22Irtenfl 9, ^lntehc =, Nfiusl ? ................................................................................................................................................. 22Irtenfl 9, ^lntehc =, Nfiusl 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 22Irtenfl 9, ^lntehc 5, Nfiusl = ................................................................................................................................................. ::Irtenfl :, s > ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9>4Irtenfl :, ^lntehc 4, Nfiusl > ................................................................................................................................................. 22Irtenfl :, ^lntehc : .................................................................................................................................................................

Ohrty Ohurtm I`lcj lct ....................................................................................................................................................... ?2Ohrty Cectm I`lcj lct ........................................................................................................................................................ 2:Ohrty lnhcj I`lcj lct ...................................................................................................................................................... ?:Ohrty lvlctm I`lcj lct ..................................................................................................................................................... 29Ohrty extm I`lcj lct ......................................................................................................................................................... ?=Ohrty Zmerj I`lcj lct ......................................................................................................................................................... ?.774, Tlv. 94->7-479?, _lr. 9.7: L]MEDEZ1XXXXXXXX

Zml Oljlrifest Ch. ................................................................................................................................................................... 9994= \.^.N. 4479(i) ........................................................................................................................................................... >4, 594= \.^.N. :


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4= \.^.N. 9>>4(n) icj (j) ...................................................................................................................................................... 92>5 \.^.N. ?79?7? ............................................................................................................................................................. 55>5 \.^.N. ?79?7? ............................................................................................................................................................. 979: \.^.N. 97 ................................................................................................................................................................ ?N ................................................................................................................................................................ 997E.N. 97-9>74........................................................................................................................................................................ 997Ectlrcif Tlvlcul Nhjl ......................................................................................................................................... 4>, 42, >9, 2>Ectlrcif Tlvlcul Nhjl, ^udtetfl L ......................................................................................................................................... 45

Ehwi Nhjl nmiptlr ?4?I ...................................................................................................................................................... 999Aujeneiry Int ho 92=5 ............................................................................................................................................................. 4=Aujeneiry Int ho 9599 .............................................................................................................................................................


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@ecc.^tit. > (477?)............................................................................................................................................ [email protected] Icc. 99-2->79 th - >75 (^upp.4774) .............................................................................................................. 999C.N. Blc.^tit. 9N-9279 th - 927= (4779) ......................................................................................................................... 999C.A.^.I. 4I1:5I-42 th 4= .................................................................................................................................................... 999CJNN 9:-9:-7>, 9:-9:-7:, 9:-9:-9, sudjs. 4, > ............................................................................................ 999Cld.Tlv.^t. 47 92.:77 .............................................................................................................................................. 999

C@^I 952=, >5-:I-9 th - ? (95=5, is i`lcjlj tmrhubm 955:) ...................................................................................... 999HNBI 5-94-9>= ................................................................................................................................................................. 997HT^ 4:.97< th 4:.92< .......................................................................................................................................................... 999T.N. 4>45.749 tmrhubm 4>45.742 Hc @irnm 4, 477: ........................................................................................................... 999T.N.R. Nm. ?.>? ................................................................................................................................................................... 999Tlveslj ^titutls ho tml \cetlj ^titls ec 9=2= ....................................................................................................................... ^.N.N.F. 99, >Zetfl := ho tml \.^. Nhjl ........................................................................................................................................................ \.F.I. 9:5 (95=?) ............................................................ 997, 949\cetlj ^titls ho I`lreni @hcly Int ho 9254, 9 ^tit. 4:?-49.>:79(i)->(i) .............................................................................................................................................. 45, 9.>:79(n)-9 ......................................................................................................................................................... 9.>:79(p)-9 ........................................................................................................................................................ 454? N.O.T. >9.>:74(p)-9 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7>9 N.O.T. 9.>(i)(:) ............................................................................................................................................................... >7>5 N.O.T. >97.>(i) .............................................................................................................................................................. 974>5 N.O.T. >97.>(d) .............................................................................................................................................................. 974>5 N.O.T. >97.>(n) .............................................................................................................................................................. 974


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>5 Nhjl ho Oljlrif Tlbufitehcs Wirts >97 icj >47 ........................................................................................................ 55, 979Oljlrif Tlbestlr ...................................................................................................................................................................... >7

Tufls

Oljlrif Tufl ho Nevef Wrhnljurl 92(d) ................................................................................................................................. 94=Oljlrif Tufl ho Nevef Wrhnljurl ::.9 ............................................................................................................................. 92, 972Oljlrif Tufl ho Nreècif Wrhnljurl :4(i) ........................................................................................................................... 9>>

Oljlrif Tufl ho Lvejlcnl =7>(=) .......................................................................................................................................... 949Oljlrif Tufls ho Nevef Wrhnljurl ............................................................................................................................... >>, =9, 57 \.^. ::4, :?5 \.^. >9, >> (95?4) ......................................................................................................................... 9>9Diklr dy Zmhìs v. Blclrif @hthrs Nhrp., ?) ................................................................................................................................... =>Difjwec v. Oricks, 947 \.^. ?2=, 2 ^.Nt. 2?>, >4 F.Lj. 2?? ................................................................................................. =>Difzin v. Whrth Tenh, 494, :4 ^.Nt. >:>, ?? F.Lj. ?42 (9549) ..................................................................... 4=Dissh v. \tim Whwlr & Febmt Nh. :5< O 4j. 57?, 597 (97tm Ner. 952:) .............................................................................. 9>7

Diu`birtclr v. \cetlj ^titls, >44 \.^. ??, == F.Lj. 9>Dlibfl v. @hthr _lmenfl Inn. Ecjl`ceoenitehc Nhrp., :: @esn.4j ?>?, 4, 2?< .................................... >, 992Dlff v. Mhhj, >42 \.^. ?2=, ?=> (95:?) ............................................................................................................................... 9>9Dfinks Fiw Jentehciry, êxtm Ljetehc, p. 2: ......................................................................................................................... 49Dhffhw v. Oljlrif Tlslrvl Dick ho ic Oricnesnh, ? (5tm Ner. 95=9) .............................................................. 27Dhutefelr v. E`èbritehc icj Citurifezitehc ^lrvenl, >=2 \.^. 99=, 94> (95?2) ................................................................... 22Drijdury v. Jlcces, >97 O.4j. 2> (97tm Ner. 95?4), nlrt. jlcelj, >24 \.^. 54=, => ^.Nt. =2:, 5 F.Lj.4j. 2>> (95?>) ....... 9>7Drijfly v. Oesmlr, =7 \.^. (9> Riff.) it >7Drejbls v. Rexhc, >4? \.^. 9>< ........................................................................................................................................... 942Drhwc v. Diddett Ohrj, Ecn., 992 Irez. 954, \.^. 4, ?=, 949Dutnmlrs \cehc Nh. v. Nrlsnlct Nety Nh., 999 \.^. 2:? (9==:) ........................................................................................... 42Nifjlr v. Duff, > \.^. >=?, 925= RF >

Nifjwlff v. Zlxis, 9>2 \.^. ?54 , >: F.Lj. =9?, 99 ûp.Nt.Tlp. 44: ................................................................................. 945Nifeohrcei v. FiTul, :75 \.^. 975, 5> ^.Nt. >57, >: F.Lj.4j. >:4 (9524) .......................................................................... 9>7Ni`jlc v. Ifflc, 4 Jutnm., >5= ............................................................................................................................................. = (95>?) ..................................................................................................... 99, 942, 94=Nirtlr v. Nirtlr Nhif Nh., 45= \.^. 4>=, 45


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Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xv


Nety ho Fiwthc Hkfi. v. Nmipìc, 49Nflvlficj Dj. ho Lj. v. FiOflur, :9: \.^. ?>4, ?>5-?:7, 5: ^.Nt. 947=, 949< (952:) ................................................... 4:, ?2Nhfl v. Nuccecbmi`, 9>> \.^. 972, 97 ^.Nt. 4?5, >> F.Lj. = (9=57) .............................................................................. 994Nhcteclctif @ececb icj @effecb Nh. v. @ebfeinneh, 9? O.T.J. 492 (J.N. \tim 957Nhhk v. Mujshc, : (>Nrhwlff v. Dlcshc, supri, 4=< \.^., it 9Jivejshc v. Clw Hrflics, 5? \.^. 52, 4: F.Lj. ?9? ........................................................................................................... 945Jives v. Dlishc, 9>> \.^. >>>, >:4, 97 ^.Nt. 455, >77 ........................................................................................................... 4Jlficy v. @hrifetes, N.N.I.@j., 9>? O.4j. 945, 9>7 ....................................................................................................... >, 992Jlfiwirl, F. & R.T. Nh. v. Wltrhwsky, 4 Ner., 49 ->4 (95>>) ...................................................................................................................... 9>9Lx pirtl Whrlsky, 457 \.^. >7, >4 (95>>) ............................................................................................................................ 9>9Lx pirtl Refshc 9:7 \.^.

Orlytib v. N.E.T. 9, 4?:: (\.^.,9559) .............................................................................. 9>4Birficj v. ^titl ho Rismecbthc, 4>4 \.^. ?:4, >: ^.Nt. :9, >9 F.Lj. Brllc v. Dejjfl, 49 \.^. 9 (9=4>) ........................................................................................................................................ 94=Bruph @lxenich jl Jlsirrhffh, ^.I. v. Iffeicnl Dhcj Oucj, Ecn., 7=, >>4->>>, 995 ^.Nt. 95?9, 9:: F.Lj.4j.

>95 (9555) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9>4Mibics v. Fivecl, :9< \.^. 4Mibir v. Tlnfiìtehc Jest. Ch. 97=, 999 \.^. 279, 4= F.Lj. ........................................................ 945Mibir v. Tlnfiìtehc Jest. Ch. 97=, 999 \.^. 279, 272, 4= ^.F.Lj. ............................................. 945Mi``lr v. Jiblcmirt, 4:2 \.^. 4= ^.Nt. I.F.T. ?:5, Icc.Nis.959=L 24: ...................................... >9, 945Micces Jesteffecb Nh. v. Difte`hrl, 49? \.^. 4=9

Micces Jesteffecb Nh. v. Difte`hrl, 49? \.^. 4=9Micshc v. _lrchc, 42 Ei., :2 .................................................................................................................................................. Mittlr v. \.^, 4 \.^. 94, 4) .................................................................................... ??= (Ofi 4cj JNI 95=9Mhlplr v. Zix Nh``'c, 4=: \.^. 47?, 9) ........................................................................... ?4: \.^. ?9Ec Tl Nivett, :2 Nif.Ipp.4j. ?5=, 279, 99= W.4j. =:? ......................................................................................................... 9>9


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Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xve


Ec rl Brhvl ^trllt, ?9 Nif. :>= ............................................................................................................................................. 9>9Ec rl @nNhwic , 922 Nif. 5>, 927 W. 9977 (9592) ................................................................................................................. 27Ec rl @lesclr, >7 Nif.Ipp. 4j 457 [=? W.4j. 94:P ............................................................................................................... 9>9Ec rl Ryitt, 99: Nif.Ipp. 4P ......................................................................................................................... 9>9Ecjeici ^titl Ltmens Nh``c v. Clfshc (Ecj Ipp), ?


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Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xvee


Hooutt v. \.^., >:= \.^. 99, 2< ^.Nt. 99, (\.^. 95:Hmeh Feol Ecs. & Zrust Nh. v. Jldhft, 9? Mhw. :9? (9572) ............................................................ 945, 9>7Hf`stlij v. \cetlj ^titls, 422 \.^. :>=, :2= (954=) .................................................................................................... :9, 97?Hf`stlij v. \cetlj ^titls, 422 \.^. :>=, :=72 \.^. 422 (95>5) ...................................................................................................................... >5

Hrtez-Weclrh v. Tevlri-Irrhyh, =: O.>j. 2 (9st Ner. 955?) ............................................................................................... 5, 995Wineoen ^titls Zlflpmhcl icj Zlflbripm Nh`picy v. ^titl ho Hrlbhc, 44> \.^. 99= (9594) ................................................ 99Wirresm v. Cekhfets, =? O.>j. 97== (99tm Ner. 955?) .................................................................................................. 5, 99=, 995Wlcchylr v. Cloo, 5< \.^. 29:, 2>4-2>> (9=2=) ................................................................................................................... 9>9Wlrry v. \.^., 45: \.^. >>7 (95> F.Lj. >9? .................................................................................. :>Whffhnk v. Oir`lrs Fhic & Zrust Nh., 99 Wi.^t., ?5 ................................................................................................................................ >Tiefwiy L`p. Jlpt. v. Micshc, >), p. 4: .................................................................................................... =:Thsl`hcj v. Fi`dlrt, :?5 O 4j. :9? (7Tutic v. Tlpudfenic Wirty ho Effeches, :52 \.^. ?4, 997 ^.Nt. 4245, 999 F.Lj.4j. (9557) 5, 99=îc Icthceh ^nmhhf Jestrent v. Thjrebulz, :99 \.^. 9 (952>) ............................................................................................. 9>9^nmflsecblr v. Resnhcsec, 427 \.^. 4>7, :? ^.Nt. 4?7, 27 F.Lj. 5>, :2?, 9< F.Lj. ?59 ............................................................................................................... =>^lwlff v. Blhrbei, :>< \.^. 5=4 (952=) ................................................................................................................................. 22^mirhc v. Meff, 4? O. >>2 (9==>^hutm Nirhfeci v. \cetlj ^titls, 955 \.^. :>2, ::= , 4? ^.Nt. 997, : Icc.Nis. 2>2 ............................................................. 4?

^prlnklfs ûbir Tloececb Nh. v. @nNfiec, 954 \.^. 452 (957:) ........................................................................................... ??^t. Fhues @ifflidfl Nistecb Nh. v. Wrlcjlrbist Nhcstruntehc Nh., 4?7 \.^. :?5, :> ^.Nt. 92=, ?2 F.Lj. >^ticjirj ^thklr Nh. v. Fhwlr, J.N.@j., :? O.4j. ?2=, ?=> .................................................................................................. =>^titl lx rlf. Cibfl v. ûffevic, 5= @hct. :4=^tlwirj @inmecl Nh. v. Jives, >79 \.^. 2) ............................................................................................................ 4?^tefflr v. Mirjìc, >4: O.4j. ?4?, ?4= (N.I.4 95?>) .......................................................................................................... 994Zlrry, 94= \.^. 4=5 (5 ^.Nt. 22, >4 F.Lj. :7>Zlxis v. Rmetl, 2 Riff. 277, 24< ........................................................................................................................................... 97Zml Ictlfhpl, 4> \.^. ??, 97 Rmlit ??, ? F.Lj. 4?= (9=49Zht v. \cetlj ^titls, >95 \.^. :?> ......................................................................................................................................... ?95 \.^. :?>, :?=-:?5, ?> ^.Nt. 94:9, 94:9Zurclr v. Tiycls, ?99 O.4j. 54, 5< (7Zurclr v. \cetlj ^titls, >5? \.^. >5=, :9=-:95, 57 ^.Nt. ?:4, ?-?94 \.^. ?77, ?7:, ?9 ^.Nt. 2:4 (95:9) .................................................................................................. ee, 94 \.^. ?7< (95>9) .................................................................................................................................. >\.^. v. Reffei` @. Dutflr, 452 \.^. 9 (95>?) ........................................................................................................................ 99\.^. v. Rhcb Ke` Irk, 9?5 \.^. ?:5, 9= ^.Nt. :


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Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xveee


\cetlj ^titls ^uprl`l Nhurt, _ficjes v. Kfecl, :94 \.^. ::9 (952>) ................................................................................... ?99 \.^. >22, :7>-:7:, ?9 ^.Nt. 459, 452, =< F.Lj. 4:>. ......................... 9>>\cetlj ^titls v. Dhyfic, =5= O.4j. 4>7, 45 Olj.Tufls.Lvej.^lrv. 944> (NI9 @iss) ............................................................ >=\cetlj ^titls v. Nhckecs, 5 O.>j. 9>22, 9>=4 (5tm Ner. 955>) .............................................................................................. 945\cetlj ^titls v. Nrueksmick, 54 \.^. ?4 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 945

\cetlj ^titls v. Mhfzlr, =9? O.4j. >7: (NI2 Eff) ................................................................................................................... >=\cetlj ^titls v. Kusnml, J.N.Nif., , 22 ^.Nt. 9?9, 9 F.Lj.4j. 94? (95


19/192

Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xex


Dfinks FiwJentehciry, êxtm Ljetehc, p. 4?2 ..................................................................................................................... 97:Dfinks Fiw Jentehciry, êxtm Ljetehc, p. :9? ......................................................................................................................... >Dfinks Fiw Jentehciry, êxtm Ljetehc, p. 9................................................................................... ee, 94, 94.774, Tlv. 94->7-479?, _lr. 9.7: L]MEDEZ1XXXXXXXX

Ohr` #94.74: ......................................................................................................................................................................... >=Ohr` #9>.772 ......................................................................................................................................................................... >5Ohr` 94.749 _ejlh : ............................................................................................................................................................. >5Orickfec J. Thhslvlft ............................................................................................................................................................ 97Blhrbl Rismecbthc ................................................................................................................................................................ >?Bhj icj Hur ^titl Nhcstetutehcs, Oièfy Buirjeic Olffhwsmep .......................................................................................... 99, 2, 474, ^lntehc :.:.: ....................................................................................................................... >74, ^lntehc :.:.< ....................................................................................................................... >4Brlit ET^ Mhix, Ohr` #99.>74, ^lntehc ..................................................................................................................... >9Brlit ET^ Mhix, Ohr` #99.>74, ^lntehc 7Brlit ET^ Mhix, Ohr` #99.>74, ^lntehc ?.=.9 ....................................................................................................................... 42Brlit ET^ Mhix, Ohr` #99.>74, ^lntehcs Ectlrcif Tlvlcul @icuif (E.T.@.), ^lntehc :.97.2.4.5.= ...................................................................................................... :5

Ecvesedfl Nhctrints, Ohr` #99.972, Blhrbl @lrnelr .............................................................................................................. 77 ....................................................................................................................................................................... =9ET^ Ohr` K-9 ......................................................................................................................................................................... =9ET^ Ohr` R-4 ........................................................................................................................................................................ =9ET^ Ohr` R-=L]W ...................................................................................................................................................... 97=, 975ET^ Ohr` R-5 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 45Ai`ls @ijeshc, Zml Oljlrifest Ch. ................................................................................................................................... :4Aujb`lcts ec ^lirnm ho Ouff Oietm icj Nrljet1 Zml Fist-ec-Ze`l Tufl ohr Nhcofentecb Aujb`lcts, =4 Mirv. F.Tlv. 25=, =4>

(95?5) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 994Aujeneif Jlpirt lct ................................................................................................................................................................ 5:Kitz, Oljlrif Flbesfitevl Nhurts, :> Mirv.F.Tlv. =5:, 592-59= (95>7) .............................................................................. 9>4Fiws ho tml Dedfl, Ohr` #9>.779 .................................................................................................................... 9, 92, :5, 25, 99?Flbif Jlnlptehc, Wrhpibicji, icj Oriuj, Ohr` #7 D.N. ...................................................................................................................................... :>@irreibl Nlrteoenitls .............................................................................................................................................................. 5=


21/192

Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xxe


@licecb ho tml Rhrjs Ecnfujls icj Ecnfujecb,Ohr` #7


22/192


23/192

Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xxeee


9 ^i`. 9419>-9< ................................................................................................................................................................. ?, 949 ^i`. =1:-= ....................................................................................................................................................................... 192 .................................................................................................................................................................. >:4 Nhrectmeics ?192-9= ........................................................................................................................................................... 97:4 Zmlss. 415-94 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9724 Ze`. :14-< ............................................................................................................................................................................ >>Jlut. 97147 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9?

Jlut. 9Jlut. 4>195 ............................................................................................................................................................................. ?>Jlut. 4>147 ............................................................................................................................................................................. ?>Jlut. 4=194 ............................................................................................................................................................................. ?>Jlut. >41< ................................................................................................................................................................................ eeeJlut. ?19> ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9?Lnnf. 9419>-9: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9=Lnnf. 519?-9= ........................................................................................................................................................................ 97?Lnnflseistls 212 ................................................................................................................................................................ 24, 21>4->> .................................................................................................................................................................... 9>Lzlkeif 47197-47 .................................................................................................................................................................... 9>Lzri =149-44 ................................................................................................................................................................... 92, 97=Bif. ?12 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 97?Blc. 9144 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 47Bhfjlc Tufl ........................................................................................................................................................................... >?Mld. =197 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9>Mldrlws 9919>...................................................................................................................................................................... 992Mhfy Dedfl .............................................................................................................................................................................. 94Mhfy Dedfl, Clw Kecb Ai`ls _lrsehc ................................................................................................................................... :5Esieim 919-4? ............................................................................................................................................................................. >144 .................................................................................................................................................................... 9?, 972Esieim 51? .............................................................................................................................................................................. 99 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4=@ifinme 419< ........................................................................................................................................................................... 49@itt. 991? ............................................................................................................................................................................... >?@itt. 4714?->= ...................................................................................................................................................................... 97?@itt. 441>?-:7 ........................................................................................................................................................................ >:->=.............................................................................................................................................. 2Cu`dlrs 97 ........................................................................................................................................................... 4:, >4, ?2

Cu`dlrs 97 (CKA_) ................................................................................................................................................... 4:, ==Wmefeppeics 9142 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9>Wmefeppeics >147 ...................................................................................................................................................... 92, 97=, 992Wrhv. 9147->> .......................................................................................................................................................................... >2Wrhv. 9919< ............................................................................................................................................................................. ?>Wrhv. 9Wrhv. 4=15 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4:Wrhv. >1>7 ......................................................................................................................................................................... :9, :4Wrhv. >91> ............................................................................................................................................................................... 49Wrhv. ?199 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 94?


24/192

Zidfl ho Nhctlcts xxev


Wrhv. ?19-< .............................................................................................................................................................................. ?>Wrhv. =19> ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9?Wrhvlrds 9219=........................................................................................................................................................................ ?>Wsif` 999197 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 97?Wsif` 99519Tlv. 95195 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9=, 97=Tlv. Thìcs 9414 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 99=Thìcs 9>1= ........................................................................................................................................................................... ?>Zlc Nh`ìcj`lcts ............................................................................................................................. 9?, 92, 42, >


25/192

Nmiptlr 91 Wurphsl icj Ohucjitehc 9


9

9 W\TWH^L ICJ OH\CJIZEHC4

9.9 Bhvlrc`lct ci`l icj citurl>

Zml bhvlrc`lct lstidfesmlj dy tmes jhnu`lct smiff dl kchwc is tml ^lfo Bhvlrc`lct Oljlritehc,mlrleciotlr nifflj ^BO.: Zmes issl`dfy ho shvlrlebcs smiff dl i nmiretidfl trust, i pudfentrust, chc-prhoet, chc-preveflblj, chc-tixidfl, chc-nhrphritl=

[Iflxicjlr Mi`efthc, 4> Old. 922

5

9.4 Rmy Zmes Bhvlrc`lct Ris Tl-Lstidfesmlj:7

Zml Jlnfiritehc Ho Ecjlplcjlcnl jlnfirls tmit iff aust phwlrs ho bhvlrc`lcts jlrevl orh` tml nhcslct ho tml bhvlrclj. Zml:9Jlnfiritehc isslrts tmit wmlc i bhvlrc`lct dlnh`ls ucaust, sunm is wmlc tmly rufl dy ohrnl hr oriuj ritmlr tmic dy nhcslct,:4et es cht hcfy tml rebmt, dut tml juty ho lvlry Netezlc th idicjhc tmit bhvlrc`lct icj nrlitl tmler hwc dlttlrbhvlrc`lct.:>
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Rl mhfj tmlsl trutms th dl slfo-lvejlct, tmit iff `lc irl nrlitlj lquif, tmit tmly irl lcjhwlj dy tmler Nrlithr9

wetm nlrtiec ucifelcidfl Tebmts, tmit i`hcb tmlsl irl Feol, Fedlrty icj tml pursuet ho Mippeclss.--Zmit th slnurl4

tmlsl rebmts, Bhvlrc`lcts irl ecstetutlj i`hcb @lc, jlrevecb tmler aust phwlrs orh` tml nhcslct ho tml bhvlrclj,>

--Zmit wmlclvlr icy Ohr` ho Bhvlrc`lct dlnh`ls jlstruntevl ho tmlsl lcjs, et es tml Tebmt ho tml Wlhpfl th iftlr:

hr th idhfesm et, icj th ecstetutl clw Bhvlrc`lct, fiyecb ets ohucjitehc hc sunm precnepfls icj hrbicezecb etsrebmt icj juty th prhvejl i sudstetutl tmit wl weff ec oint nhcslct th.9:

Ec oerecb tml lxestecb nhrphritl bhvlrc`lct orh` hur fevls icj prhvejecb ic iftlrcitl, tmlrl irl twh typls ho clw bhvlrc`lcts9

9:=9. Fhss ho citehcifety dy citevl-dhrc hr citurifezlj netezlc; vhfuctiry intehc; durjlc ho prhho; prlsu`ptehcs4:

(i) I plrshc wmh es i citehcif ho tml \cetlj ^titls wmltmlr dy dertm hr citurifezitehc, smiff fhsl mes citehcifety47 phfetenif sudjevesehc tmlrlho, iotlr mivecb ittieclj tml ibl ho lebmtllc ylirs; hr>9

Mhwlvlr, eo tmit bhvlrc`lct es i Nrlithr-ìjl bhvlrc`lct, tml Oerst I`lcj`lct prhtlnts rlfebehus lxlrnesl icj tmlrlohrl>4yhu niccht dl pucesmlj ohr yhur rlfebehus lxlrnesl ho puttecb ifflbeicnl th Nrlithr icj Mes bhvlrc`lct idhvl ifflbeicnl th>>tml stitl1>:

@unm mis dllc siej ho tml piri`huct juty th tml stitl, i juty th dl rlnhbcezlj, et es urblj, lvlc tmhubm et nhcofents>?

bhvlrc`lct ìy lcohrnl hdljelcnl th fiws rlbirjflss ho snrupfls. Rmlc hcl's dlfelo nhffejls wetm tml phwlr ho>2

tml stitl, tml fittlr es suprl`l wetmec ets spmlrl icj sudèssehc hr pucesm`lct ohffhws. Dut, ec tml ohru` ho>=

nhcsnelcnl, juty th i `hrif phwlr mebmlr tmic tml stitl mis ifwiys dllc ìectieclj. Zml rlslrvitehc ho tmit>5

suprl`l hdfebitehc, is i ìttlr ho precnepfl, whufj ucqulstehcidfy dl ìjl dy ìcy ho hur nhcsnelctehus icj:7

fiw-idejecb netezlcs. Zml lsslcnl ho rlfebehc es dlfelo ec i rlfitehc th Bhj ecvhfvecb jutels suplrehr th tmhsl [4=>:9

\.^. ?7:P iresecb orh` icy muìc rlfitehc. Is wis stitlj dy @r. Austenl Oelfj, ec Jives v. Dlishc,9>>:4

\.^. >>>, >:4,97 ^.Nt. 455, >771 'Zml tlr` 'rlfebehc' mis rlolrlcnl th hcl's velws ho mes rlfitehcs th mes Nrlithr,:>

icj th tml hdfebitehcs tmly e`phsl ho rlvlrlcnl ohr mes dlecb icj nmirintlr, icj ho hdljelcnl th mes weff.' Hcl::

niccht splik ho rlfebehus fedlrty, wetm prhplr ipprlneitehc ho ets lsslcteif icj mesthren sebceoenicnl, wetmhut:


dy tml tikecb ho hitms hr tml sudèssehc th tlsts, mis dllc tml niusl ho ìcy jlpfhridfl nhcofents. Zml Nhcbrlss9

mis shubmt th ivhej sunm nhcofents ec tmes nhuctry dy rlsplntecb hur mippy trijetehc. Ec ch spmlrl ho flbesfitehc4

mis tml ectlctehc th prlvlct sunm nfismls dllc `hrl nhcspenuhus tmic ec rlfitehc th tml dlirecb ho ir`s. Et whufj>

rlquerl strhcb lvejlcnl [4=> \.^. ?7

9)P?

Zml clxt nhcsejlritehc es1 Rmit irl tml rlishcswmy tml prlslct bhvlrc`lct wmlrl wl fevl es ucaust8 Irl tmly ucaust2dlniusl tmly jh cht hdly tml hrbicen fiws ho tml ficj icj tmlrldy oucntehc is i jl ointh ritmlr tmic jl aurl bhvlrc`lct8=

jl ointh1 Ec oint, ec jllj, intuiffy. Zmes pmrisl es uslj th nmirintlrezl ic hooenlr, i bhvlrc`lct, i pist intehc5

hr i stitl ho iooiers wmenm ùst dl innlptlj ohr iff printenif purphsls, dut es efflbif hr efflbeteìtl. Zmus, ic97

hooenl, i phsetehc hr stitus lxestecb ucjlr i nfie` hr nhfhr ho rebmt sunm is i jl ointh nhrphritehc. Ec tmes slcsl99

et es tml nhctriry ho jl aurl, wmenm lics rebmtouf, flbeteìtl, aust, hr nhcstetutehcif. Zmus, ic hooenlr, kecb, hr94

bhvlrc`lct jl ointh es hcl wmh es ec intuif phsslssehc ho tml hooenl hr suprl`l phwlr, dut dy usurpitehc, hr9>wetmhut fiwouf tetfl; wmefl ic hooenlr, kecb, hr bhvlrchr jl aurl es hcl wmh mis aust nfie` icj rebmtouf tetfl th tml9:hooenl hr phwlr, dut mis clvlr mij pflciry phsslssehc ho et, hr es cht ec intuif phsslssehc. @inFlhj v. \cetlj9> ^.Nt. 54hur ifflbeicnl th tml >

9. Hur ifflbeicnl es th tml stitl,icj ec I`lreni, tml stitlicj cht tml bhvlrc`lct tmit slrvls et es tml shvlrlebc. Zml>:stitl,ec turc, nhcsests ho iff tml plhpfl wetmec i auresjentehc1>?

ecth hcl dhjy phfetenlxlrnesecb, tmrhubm tml `ljeu` ho ic hrbicezlj bhvlrc`lct, ecjlplcjlct shvlrlebcty icj>2

nhctrhf hvlr iff plrshcs icj tmecbs wetmec ets dhucjirels, nipidfl ho ìkecb wir icj plinl icj ho lctlrecb ecth>=

ectlrcitehcif rlfitehcs wetm htmlr nh`ùcetels ho tml bfhdl. \cetlj ^titls v. Kusnml, J.N.Nif., ?, 4, 2?

9


28/192

Nmiptlr 91 Wurphsl icj Ohucjitehc :


>. Wudfenitehc ho i clw nhcstetutehc jhls cht rlplif tml hrebecif hr jl aurl nhcstetutehc, icj tmlrlohrl niccht lfeècitl tml9hrebecif jl aurl stitl. Et es plrolntfy fiwouf th ecvhkl tml hrebecif nhcstetutehc icj tml jl aurl stitl ec icy nhurt ho tml4\cehc, icj lsplneiffy ec tml nhctlxt ho previtl fiw nhctrints dltwllc nhcslctecb pirtels.>

Rl nic mivl ifflbeicnl th i stitlwmefl mivecb ch ifflbeicnlhr rl`hvecb hur ifflbeicnl th tml jl ointh bhvlrc`lct tmit:slrvls tml plhpfl wmh ìkl up tmes shvlrlebc stitl. Zmit, ec oint, es wmit tml ^lfo Bhvlrc`lct Oljlritehc (^BO) jhls1

9. Rl smirl tml si`l Nhcstetutehc.9:4. Rl smirl tml si`l fiws ohr tml \cehc stitls icj irl cht sudalnt th fiws tmit hcfy ippfy hc oljlrif tlrrethry (l.b. oljlrif9. Hur nhcstetutehc es i suplrslt ho tml jl aurl nhcstetutehc.92:. Hur fiws irl i suplrslt ho tml jl aurl fiws.9=

Hur bhifs irl th14:

9. Tlsthrl tml jl aurl bhvlrc`lct th ets prhplr pfinl.4. Wrhvejl nmhenl icj nh`pltetehc th `l`dlrs ho tml jl aurl stitlwmh wict th jesisshneitl wetm tml jl ointh bhvlrc`lct42

icj rlturc th tml jl aurl nhcstetutehcif bhvlrc`lct ejlcteoelj ec tml Nhcstetutehc ohr tml \cetlj ^titls ho I`lreni.4=:. Wrhvejl i vlcul th fetebitl tmit es orll orh` tml nhrruptehc ohucj ec tml flbif icj aujeneif prholssehcs tmit slrvl tml jl45

ointh bhvlrc`lct.>79

slrvict, l`pfhyll, icj ruflr DLFHR us is hur slrvict.>4?. Tlsthrl mhclsty icj looenelcny th bhvlrc`lct.>>

Zml snrepturl dlfhw jlsnredls RMU wl ùst prhvejl ic iftlrcitevl jl aurl bhvlrc`lct1 Dlniusl hur Nrlithr rlquerls et icj>:wl irl Mes oejuneirels, stlwirjs, trustlls, i`dissijhrs, icj iblcts is dlfelvlrs sh wl ùst jh et1>?

I plhpfl fijlc wetm ecequety>2

I drhhj ho lvefjhlrs>=

Nmefjrlc wmh irl nhrruptlrs!>5

Zmly mivl ohrsiklc tml Fhrj:7Zmly mivl prhvhklj th icblr:9

Zml Mhfy Hcl ho Esrilf,:4

Zmly mivl turclj iwiy dinkwirj.:>

Rmy smhufj yhu dl strenklc ibiec8::

Uhu weff rlvhft `hrl icj `hrl.:7-479?, _lr. 9.7: L]MEDEZ1XXXXXXXX

Flirc th jh bhhj;9

^llk austenl,4

Tldukl tml hpprlsshr [tml ET^ icj tml Oljlrif Tlslrvl icj i nhrruptlj aujeneif systl`P;>

Jlolcj tml oitmlrflss,:

Wflij ohr tml wejhw [icj tml "chctixpiylr"P....

Lvlryhcl fhvls dredls,9:

Icj ohffhws iotlr rlwirjs.97

Rlho tmes èbmty wlstlrc Tlpudfen mivl th brippfl wetm tml jicblrs tmit sprecb orh` phpufir slfo-bhvlrc`lct>9

trelj hc i snifl ecnh`piridfy vistlr tmic lvlr dlohrl ec tml mesthry ho ìckecj, icj orh` ic idhucjecb itlreif>4

prhsplrety brlitlr ifsh tmic icytmecb wmenm tml whrfj mis metmlrth sllc.>>

Is rlbirjs tml oerst slt ho jicblrs, et dlmhhvls us th rl`l`dlr tmit lc nic clvlr lsnipl dlecb bhvlrclj. Letmlr>:

tmly ùst bhvlrc tml`slfvls hr tmly ùst sudèt th dlecb bhvlrclj dy htmlrs. Eo orh` fiwflssclss hr oenkflclss,>?

bhvlrclj orh` tml hutsejl. Zmly nic prlvlct tml cllj ho bhvlrc`lct orh` wetmhut hcfy dy smhwecb tmly phsslss>2

tml phwlr ho bhvlrc`lct orh` wetmec. I shvlrlebc niccht ìkl lxnusls ohr mes oiefurls; i shvlrlebc ùst innlpt>=

tml rlsphcsedefety ohr tml lxlrnesl ho phwlr tmit ecmlrls ec me`; icj wmlrl, is es trul ec hur Tlpudfen, tml plhpfl>5

irl shvlrlebc, tmlc tml plhpfl ùst smhw i shdlr ucjlrsticjecb icj i sicl icj stlijoist purphsl eo tmly irl th:7

prlslrvl tmit hrjlrfy fedlrty uphc wmenm is i ohucjitehc lvlry rlpudfen ùst rlst.:9

[Wrlsejlct Zmlhjhrl Thhslvlft; Hplcecb ho tml Ai`lsthwc Lxphsetehc; Chrohfk, _I, Ipref 4?, 9572P:4

Zml Dedfl isslrts tmit iff ìc-ìjl nevef bhvlrc`lct lsslcteiffy i`hucts th i pucesm`lct orh` Zml Nrlithr dlniusl wl:>letmlr niccht hr weff cht fevl ucjlr Zml Nrlithrs^hvlrlebc Fiw. Rl irl cht iffhwlj th mivl icy Kecb hr Tuflr HZMLT::tmic Bhj Zml Nrlithr idhvl us. Hur rlfebehus dlfelos irl sunm tmit wl ùst dl slrvlj orh` dlfhw, cht bhvlrclj orh` idhvl1:.774, Tlv. 94->7-479?, _lr. 9.7: L]MEDEZ1XXXXXXXX

Icj iff tml plhpfl siej th îùlf, Wriyohr yhur slrvicts th tml Fhrj yhur Bhj, tmit wl ìy cht jel; ohr wl9

mivl ijjlj th iff hur secs tml lvef ho iskecb i kecb [hr ruflrP ohr hurslfvls.4

[9 î`. 94194, 95, Dedfl, CKA_P>

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:

Chwtmlrlohrl,mlrl es tml kecb wmh` yhu mivl nmhslc icj wmh` yhu mivl jlserlj. Icj tikl chtl, tml Fhrj-9

Icjjej cht mllj Uhur nh`ìcj`lcts.9:

Zmly rlouslj th hdly,9

Brinehus icj `lrneouf,4:

^fhw th icblr,47

Nist Uhur fiw dlmecj tmler dinks>9

Icj kefflj Uhur prhpmlts, wmh tlsteoelj ibiecst tml`>4

Zh turc tml` th Uhurslfo;>>

Icj tmly whrklj brlit prhvhnitehcs.>:

Zmlrlohrl Uhu jlfevlrlj tml` ecth tml micj ho tmler lclèls,>?

Icj ec tml te`l ho tmler trhudfl,>2

Rmlc tmly nrelj th Uhu,>=

Uhu mlirj orh` mlivlc;>5

Icj innhrjecb th Uhur iducjict `lrnels:7

Uhu bivl tml` jlfevlrlrs wmh sivlj tml`:9

Orh` tml micj ho tmler lclèls.:4

Dut iotlr tmly mij rlst,:>

Zmly ibiec jej lvef dlohrl Uhu.::

Zmlrlohrl Uhu flot tml` ec tml micj ho tmler lclèls [usurplrs icj prltlcjlrs intecb is tmlbhvlrc`lctP,:.774, Tlv. 94->7-479?, _lr. 9.7: L]MEDEZ1XXXXXXXX

[. . .P9

Cletmlr hur kecbs chr hur precnls,4

Hur prelsts chr hur oitmlrs,>

Mivl klpt Uhur fiw,:

Chr mlljlj Uhur nh`ìcj`lcts icj Uhur tlste`hcels,

Mlrl wl irl, slrvicts ec et!9:

Icj et yelfjs unm ecnrlisl th tml kecbs9

[Clmlèim =19?-92, 4?-45, >:->=, Dedfl, CKA_P4:

Zml fist phrtehc ho tml idhvl snrepturl jl`hcstritls tmit tml rl`ljy ohr tml nhrruptehc ho tml bhvlrc`lct es th ìkl i47

Whfeny Jhnu`lct1 Wrhdfl`s Retm Itmlesten Icirnmes , Ohr` #7=.747mttp1//slj`.hrb/Ohr`s/OhrÈcjlx.mt`

Nhrruptehc wetmec tml prlslct jl ointh bhvlrc lct hvlrofhws. Rl irl nh`plfflj th oerl icj jesivhw tml nhrruptlrs wmh flij>9tml jl ointh bhvlrc`lct, icj wl weff jh tmes wmefl usecb tmler hwc nhcstetutehc icj fiws. Zml lxtlct ho tml nhrruptehc es>4lxmiustevlfy jhnu`lctlj ec tml ijjetehcif rlolrlcnls dlfhw, smhufj rlijlrs jlserl th prhvl tml nhrruptehc wetm nhurt>>ijèssedfl lvejlcnl ohr tml`slfvls1>:

9. Bhvlrc`lct Nhrruptehc, Ohr` #99.:79>?

4. Bhvlrc`lct Nhrruptehc1 Niusls icj Tl ljels Nhursl, Ohr` #94.74?>2mttp1//slj`.hrb/Ohr`s/OhrÈcjlx.mt`>=

>. Zml @hcly ^ni`, Ohr` #75mttp1//slj`.hrb/Ohr`s/OhrÈcjlx.mt`:7

:. Zml @hcly @istlrs, Ohr` #99.74:.774, Tlv. 94->7-479?, _lr. 9.7: L]MEDEZ1XXXXXXXX

5. Zml Bhvlrc`lct Dlcloets^ni`, Ohr` #7mttp1//slj`.hrb/Ohr`s/OhrÈcjlx.mt`:

99.Mebmfebmts ho I`lrenic Flbif icj Whfetenif Mesthry NJ, Ohr` #99.474.Tlsebcitehc ho Nh`plfflj ^hneif ^lnurety Zrustll, Ohr` #7?.774. @hrl hc tml hneif ^lnurety OTI\J.5mttp1//slj`.hrb/Ohr`s/OhrÈcjlx.mt`97

9.> Flbif Iutmhrety ohr Lstidfesmecb tmes Bhvlrc`lct99

Dlfhw irl tml flbif iutmhretels austeoyecb wmy tml lstidfesm`lct ho tmes jl aurl bhvlrc`lct es fiwouf, nh`pfltlfy nhcsestlct94wetm icj prhtlntlj dy tml Nhcstetutehc, es nhcsestlct wetm tml ectlct ho tml ohucjecb oitmlrs, es cht i jlceif ho i rlpudfenic9>ohr` ho bhvlrc`lct,icj es cht i tmrlit th icy lxtlrcif shvlrlebcty19:

9. Zml Jlnfiritehc ho Ecjlplcjlcnl iutmhrezls tml lstidfesm`lct ho tmes bhvlrc`lct icj lvlc ìkls ets lstidfesm`lct hur9

innhrjecbfy iff lxplrelcnl mitm smlwc, tmit ìckecj irl `hrl jesphslj th suoolr, wmefl lvefs irl suoolridfl, tmic4:

th rebmt tml`slfvls dy idhfesmecb tml ohr`s th wmenm tmly irl innusth`lj.47nhufj tmly fiwouffy dl rlpliflj.>9

>. Zml Oerst I`lcj`lct prhmedets nh`plfflj isshneitehc icj prhtlnts yhur rebmt ho orll isshneitehc. Zml ohrìtehc ho i>4bhvlrc`lct hr tml jesisshneitehc wetm ic lstidfesmlj bhvlrc`lct irl lquiffy prhtlntlj isplnts ho tml rebmt th isshneitl>>ucjlr tml Oerst I`lcj`lct.>:

Zmlrebmt th isshneitl hr cht th isshneitl wetm htmlrs shflfy hc tml dises ho ecjevejuif nmhenl, [. . .P, 9 ìy>?

htmlrs, ec hrjlr th innh`pfesm wmit tml stitl jll`s th dl tml nh``hc bhhj. Zml ûprl`l Nhurt, tmhubm rirlfy>2

nifflj uphc th lxiècl tmes isplnt ho tml rebmt th orlljh` ho isshneitehc, mis clvlrtmlflss lstidfesmlj nlrtiec>=

disen rufls wmenm weff nhvlr ìcy setuitehcs ecvhfvecb ohrnlj hr prhmedetlj isshneitehcs. Zmus, wmlrl i>5

suooenelctfy nh`plffecb stitl ectlrlst, hutsejl tml phfetenif splntru`, nic dl innh`pfesmlj hcfy dy rlquerecb:7

ecjevejuifs th isshneitl thbltmlr ohr tml nh``hc bhhj, tmlc sunm ohrnlj isshneitehc es nhcstetutehcif. 4Dut tml:9

ûprl`l Nhurt mis ìjl et nflir tmit nh`plffecb ic ecjevejuif th dlnh`l i `l`dlr ho ic hrbicezitehc wetm:4

phfetenif isplnts, hr nh`plffecb ic ecjevejuif th dlnh`l i `l`dlr ho ic hrbicezitehc wmenm oecicneiffy:>

supphrts, ec `hrl tmic ic ecsebceoenict wiy, phfetenif plrshcibls hr bhifs wmenm tml ecjevejuif jhls cht wesm::

9 5.

4Fitmrhp v. Jhchmul, >?2 \.^. =47, =9 .Nt. 9=4?, ? F.Lj.4j. 9959 (95?9), rlm'b jlcelj, >?= \.^. =29, =4 ^.Nt. 4>, 2 F.Lj.4j. 24 (95?9) (i stitl suprl`lnhurt ìy hrjlr ectlbritehc ho tml stitl dir); Tiefwiy L`p. Jlpt. v. Micshc, >


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th supphrt, es ic ecorecbl`lct ho tml ecjevejuif's nhcstetutehcif rebmt th orlljh` ho isshneitehc. >Zml Oerst9

I`lcj`lct prlvlcts tml bhvlrc`lct, lxnlpt ec tml `hst nh`plffecb nernu`sticnls, orh` welfjecb ets phwlr th4

ectlrolrl wetm ets l`pfhylls' orlljh` th dlfelvl icj isshneitl, hr th cht dlfelvl icj cht isshneitl; et es cht `lrlfy>

i tlcurl prhvesehc tmit prhtlnts pudfen l`pfhylls orh` intuif hr nhcstruntevl jesnmirbl. :Zmus, Oerst I`lcj`lct:

precnepfls prhmedet i stitl orh` nh`plffecb icy ecjevejuif th isshneitl wetm i phfet enif pirty, is i nhcjetehc ho

nhcnlrclj;9:

Zmerj, tmly rlsplnt tml rebmt ho iff plhpfls th nmhhsl tml ohr` ho bhvlrc`lct ucjlr wmenm tmly weff fevl; icj9

citehcs tml `lics ho jwlffecb ec siolty wetmec tmler hwc dhucjirels, icj wmenm weff ioohrj issuricnl tmit iff tml4:

`lc ec iff tml ficjs ìy fevl hut tmler fevls ec orlljh` orh` olir icj wict;47

citehcs es lsslcteif. Zmly weff feklwesl iej icj lcnhuribl iff htmlr printenidfl `lisurls wmenm weff febmtlc ohr>9

plinl-fhvecb plhpfls tml nrusmecb durjlc ho irì`lcts.>4

Orickfec J. Thhslvlft>>

Recsthc ^. Nmurnmeff>:

^hurnl1 iùlf Thslcìc, lj., Wudfen Wiplrs icj Ijjrlssls ho Orickfec J. Thhslvlft, vhf.97 (95>=-959:.>?

2tml \cetlj ^titls Nhcstetutehc wis th prlslrvl th tml plhpfl tml rebmt ho slfo-bhvlrc`lct.>=

Zml jltlrècitehc ho tml Ori`lrs Nhcvlctehc icj tml riteoyecb nhcvlctehcs th prlslrvl nh`pfltl icj>5

uce`pierlj stitl slfo-bhvlrc`lct ec iff ittlrs cht nh`èttlj th tml blclrif bhvlrc`lct es hcl ho tml pfieclst:7

oints wmenm l`lrbls orh` tml mesthry ho tmler jlfedlritehcs. Icj ijmlrlcnl th tmit jltlrècitehc es ecnu`dlct:9

lquiffy uphc tml oljlrif bhvlrc`lct icj tml stitls. ^titl phwlrs nic cletmlr dl ipprhpreitlj hc tml hcl micj:4

chr idjenitlj hc tml htmlr. Is tmes nhurt siej ec Zlxis v. Rmetl, 2 Riff. 277, 24=, 45?P rlfelvlj ho tml rlsphcsedefetels wmenm phsslssehc ho tml:5

phwlrs clnlssirefy lcahecs, is th rljunl tml` th fettfl `hrl tmic blhbripmenif sudjevesehcs ho tml citehcif


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jhìec. Et es siol th siy tmit eo, wmlc tml Nhcstetutehc wis ucjlr nhcsejlritehc, et mij dllc tmhubmt tmit icy sunm9

jicblr furklj dlmecj ets pfiec whrjs, et whufj clvlr mivl dllc riteoelj.4

Icj tml Nhcstetutehc etslfo es ec lvlry rlif slcsl i fiw-tml fiwìklrs dlecb tml plhpfl tml`slfvls, ec wmh`>

ucjlr hur systl` iff phfetenif phwlr icj shvlrlebcty preìrefy rlsejls, icj tmrhubm wmh` sunm phwlr icj:

shvlrlebcty preìrefy spliks. Et es dy tmit fiw, icj cht htmlrwesl, tmit tml flbesfitevl, lxlnutevl, icj aujeneif

cht idshfutl dut nhcjetehclj uphc ets dlecb ìjl ec pursuicnl ho tml Nhcstetutehc.Icj i aujeneif treducif,9:

nfhtmlj dy tmit ecstru`lct wetm nh`pfltl aujeneif phwlr, icj, tmlrlohrl, dy tml vlry citurl ho tml phwlr, rlquerlj9=, 452P utl wmlclvlr tml twh nhcofent. Ec tml92

jesnmirbl ho tmit juty, tml hpecehc ho tml fiwìklrs tmit i stitutl pisslj dy tml` es vifej ùst dl bevlc brlit9=

wlebmt, Ijkecs v. Nmefjrlc's Mhspetif, 4?9 \.^. =; dut tmler hpecehc, hr tml95

nhurt's hpecehc, tmit tml stitutl weff prhvl brlitfy hr blclriffy dlcloeneif es wmhffy errlflvict th tml ecquery.47

^nmlnmtlr Whuftry Nhrp. v. \cetlj ^titls, 45< \.^. :5

lstidfesmlj tmit tml plhpfl mivl i rebmt th dypiss tml flbesfiturl icj jerlntfy lcint fiw tmrhubm tml rlolrlcju` prhnlss.4:Zmlrlohrl, tml plhpfl mivl i rebmt th lcint tmler hwc fiw, letmlr jerlntfy tmrhubm i rlolrlcju` hr ecjerlntfy dy ohrècb47bhvlrc`lct. Zml plhpfl niccht jlflbitl tml phwlr th bhvlrc tmit tmly tml`slfvls jh cht ecjevejuiffy icj nhfflntevlfy>9icj previtlfy ifsh phsslss1>4

"Zml qulstehc es cht wmit phwlr tml oljlrif bhvlrc`lct hubmt th mivl, dut wmit phwlrs, ec oint, mivl dllc bevlc>>

dy tml plhpfl... Zml oljlrif ucehc es i bhvlrc`lct ho jlflbitlj phwlrs. Et mis hcfy sunm is irl lxprlssfy nhcolrrlj>:

uphc et, icj sunm is irl rlishcidfy th dl e`pfelj orh` tmhsl brictlj. Ec tmes rlsplnt, wl jeoolr rijeniffy orh`>?

dhjy sudalnt th ch rlstrentehc lxnlpt tml jesnrltehc ho ets `l`dlrs." (Nhcbrlss)>2[\.^. v. Reffei` @. Dutflr, 452 \.^. 9 (95>?)P>=

"Zml Bhvlrc`lct ho tml \cetlj ^titls es hcl ho jlflbitlj phwlrs ifhcl. Ets iutmhrety es jloeclj icj feètlj dy>5

tml Nhcstetutehc. Iff phwlrs cht brictlj th et dy tmit ecstru`lct irl rlslrvlj th tml ^titls hr tml plhpfl.":7

[\cetlj ^titls v. Nrueksmick, 54 \.^.


36/192


37/192

Nmiptlr 91 Wurphsl icj Ohucjitehc 9>


[Lzlkeif 47197-47,Dedfl, CKA_P9

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX4

Uhu smiff ìkl ch nhvlcict wetm tml` [ohrlebclrsP, chr wetm tmler [pibic bhvlrc`lctP bhjs [hr aujblsP. Zmly>

smiff cht jwlff ec yhur ficj [icj yhu smiff cht jwlff ec tmlers dy dlnhècb i rlsejlct ec tml prhnlss ho:nhctrintecb wetm tml`P, flst tmly ìkl yhu sec ibiecst @l [BhjP. Ohr eo yhu slrvl tmler bhjs [ucjlrnhctrint hr1>4->>,Dedfl, CKA_P2

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX=

Ohrtmes estml nhvlcict tmit E weff ìkl wetm tml mhusl ho Esrilf iotlr tmhsl jiys,siys tml FHTJ1 E weff put@y5fiwsec tmler ècj icj wretl tml` hc tmler mlirts; icj E weff dl tmler Bhj, icj tmly smiff dl @y plhpfl.97[Mld. =197,Dedfl, CKA_P99

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX94

Zmlrlohrl, `y drltmrlc, yhu ifsh mivl dlnh`l jlij th tml fiw [ìc's fiwP tmrhubm tml dhjy ho Nmrest [dy9>smeotecb yhur flbif jhènefl th tml Bhj's Kecbjh`P, tmit yhu iy dl ìrrelj th ichtmlrth Me` wmh wis rieslj9:

orh` tml jlij, tmit wl smhufj dlir oruet [is iblcts, o ejuneirels, icj trustllsP th Bhj. Ohr wmlc wl wlrl ec tml9

"Jh yhu cht kchw tmit orelcjsmep wetm tml whrfj es lcèty wetm Bhj8 Rmhlvlr tmlrlohrl wicts th dl i orelcj4:

[netezlc,rlsejlct,tixpiylr,ecmidetict,hr "sudalnt" ucjlr i kecb hr phfetenif ruflrP ho tml whrfj [hr44

th e`pirt th tmlsl wirjs tmhsl phrtehcs ho slfo-bhvlrc`lct ohr wmenm tmly irl dlst quifeoelj, dy nhcoejecb th tml`>>

tml nirl ho tmler phhr, tmler rhijs, phfenl, lflntehcs, tml chècitehc ho aurhrs, ijècestritehc ho austenl ec sìff>:

nisls, lfl`lctiry lxlrnesls ho èfetei; ec smhrt, th mivl ìjl tml` fettfl rlpudfens, wetm i wirjlc it tml mlij ho>?

tml nhucty hr ^titl. I blclrif niff ho wirj `lltecbs dy tmler wirjlcs hc tml si`l jiy tmrhubm tml ^titl, whufj>2

it icy te`l prhjunl tml blcuecl slcsl ho tml plhpfl hc icy rlquerlj phect, icj whufj lcidfl tml ^titl th int ec>=

ìss.">5

[Zmhìs Aloolrshc th Ahmc Iji`s, 9=9>. @L 9>1:77P:7

"Zml irtenfl... clirlst y mlirt es tml jevesehc ho nhuctels ecth wirjs. Zmlsl weff dl purl icj lfl`lctiry rlpudfens,:9

tml su` ho wmenm tiklc thbltmlr nh`phsls tml ^titl, icj weff ìkl ho tml wmhfl i trul jl`hnriny is th tml:4

duseclss ho tml wirjs, wmenm es tmit ho clirlst icj jiefy nhcnlrc. Zml iooiers ho tml firblr slntehcs, ho nhuctels,:>

ho ^titls, icj ho tml \cehc, cht ijèttecb plrshcif tricsintehcs dy tml plhpfl, weff dl jlflbitlj th iblcts lflntlj::

dy tml`slfvls; icj rlprlslctitehc weff tmus dl sudstetutlj wmlrl plrshcif intehc dlnh`ls e`printenidfl. Ult lvlc:

orll, juridfl icj wlff-ijècestlrlj rlpudfen.":

[Zmhìs Aloolrshc th Ahmc Nirtwrebmt, 9=4:. @L 9?1:? P5:P=

"Eo et es dlfelvlj tmit... lfl`lctiry snmhhfs weff dl dlttlr ìciblj dy tml bhvlrchr icj nhucnef, tml nh`èssehclrs5

ho tml fetlriry oucj hr icy htmlr blclrif iutmhrety ho tml bhvlrc`lct tmic dy tml pirlcts wetmec linm wirj, et es97

i dlfelo ibiecst iff lxplrelcnl. Zry tml precnepfl hcl stlp ourtmlr, icj... nh`èt th tml bhvlrchr icj nhucnef tml99

ìcibl`lct ho iff hur oir`s, hur èffs icj `lrnmicts' sthrls. Ch, `y orelcj, tml wiy th mivl bhhj icj siol94

bhvlrc`lct es cht th trust et iff th hcl, dut th jevejl et i`hcb tml ìcy, jestredutecb th lvlry hcl lxintfy tml9>

oucntehcs ml es nh`pltlct th."9:

[Zmhìs Aloolrshc th Ahslpm N. Nidlff, 9=9?. @L 9:1:47 P9

"Is Nith, tmlc nhcnfujlj lvlry spllnm wetm tml whrjs, 'Nitmibh jlflcji lst,' sh jh E lvlry hpecehc wetm tml4:

ecaucntehc, 'jevejl tml nhuctels ect

Self Government Federation: Articles of Confederation , Form #13.002

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Transcript of Self Government Federation: Articles of Confederation , Form #13.002