Self Efficacy and Sport Confidence
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Transcript of Self Efficacy and Sport Confidence
SUMMARY
Self-efficacy
Strategies to improve Self-efficacy
Self-confidence
Vealey’s model of Sport Confidence
Strategies to improve Sport Confidence
SELF-EFFICACY
«Self-Efficacy is the Belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the sources of actions required to manage prospective situations»
Albert Bandura
SELF-EFFICACY
As people become competent in particular skills and situations they develop a feeling of self-efficacy.
Expectation to be competent and successful in a particular task.
PEOPLE WITH HIGH SELF-EFFICACY
Approach behaviour - Seek challenges.
Attribute success to internal factors such as ability and effort.
Positive results elevate confidence and increase expectation of success in next challenge.
PEOPLE WITH LOW SELF-EFFICACY
Avoidance behaviour.
Attribute failure to internal factors.
Negative results decrease confidence and reduce expectation of success in next challenge and induce learned helplessness.
FACTORS EFFECTING SELF-EFFICACY 1) Previous Accomplishments Reminder of previous success in skill (practical)
2) Vicarious Experiences Watching others perform the skill
3) Verbal Persuasion Convincing people of their ability to perform the skill
4) Emotional Control Evaluation of physical state in a specific situation
SELF-CONFIDENCE
A global term
Belief that one has the internal resources, particularly abilities, to achieve success.
“Rooted in beliefs and expectations” (Advances in Sport Psychology, Thelma S. Horn, 2008)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF-CONFIDENCE
Self-efficacy is Self-confidence in a specific situation.
Someone may be generally self confident in sport but when it came to playing golf which they weren’t particularly good at, they may have low self efficacy in that situation.
VEALEY’S SPECIFIC MODEL OF SPORT CONFIDENCE
«Sport confidence is the belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport.»
R.Vealey
SPORT CONFIDENCE 2 Factors:
TRAIT SPORT CONFIDENCE
-Innate
-Stable
-Is the amount of confidence a person has in his overall sports ability
STATE SPORT CONFIDENCE
-Degree of confidence in a specific situation
(ex: taking a penalty)
-Unstable and changeable
-Can be developed through learning
STATE SPORT CONFIDENCE
determined by the interaction of 3 factors:
1. Trait Sports Confidence
2. The objective Sports Situation
3. The performer’s Competitive Orientation
The Objective
Sport Situation
Competitive Orientation
State Sports Confidence
Trait Sports Confidence
(ex: quality of penalty kick)
a)Results of Performance b)
Subjective Outcomes c)Perceived Success
d)Perceived attributions e)Performance satisfactions
Trait sport confidence
The Sport Situation
Competitive Orientation
Positive results increase trait
confidence
State sport confidence
Performance
in the sport situation (behavioural responses)
Positive results cause the type of
goal to be changed for the
next performance
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EXAMPLE: SPORT SITUATION:
The footballer plays an important match.
TRAIT SC: High confidence due to a high score in the previous games.
COMPETITIVE ORIENTATION: The footballer scored 18 goals in the last 18 matches, if he doesn’t score it is a failure.
EXAMPLE:
STATE SC: Determined by the previous factors, in this case very high.
PERFORMANCE: Trait SC+ State SC
In this case the chances are that he will score a goal considering the previous factors.
EXAMPLE: Depending on the performance of the
footballer:
a. RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE (was he successful or not according to his goal)
b. SUBJECTIVE OUTCOME (How did other people rate the performance)
c. PERCEIVED SUCCESS (whether the goal was met or not, did he feel like he succeeded?)
d. PERCEIVED ATTRIBUTION (Why did he perform well / badly. Was it internal / external reasons)
e. PERFORMANCE SATISFACTION (Was he happy with the performance)
EXAMPLE:
If the outcomes of PERFORMANCE are positive then this will lead to an increase in:
TRAIT SPORT-CONFIDENCE
COMPETITIVE ORIENTATION
If the ourcomes are negative:
STATE and TRAIT CONFIDENCE decrease.
EFFECTS OF A SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME
Trait Sports Confidence and Competitiveness will increase
Increased Trait Confidence will increase State Confidence for future competition
EFFECTS OF A POOR OUTCOME
Trait Sports Confidence and Competitiveness will decrease
Decreased Trait Confidence will decrease State Confidence for future competition
THE VARIATIONS IN THE LEVELS OF TRAIT SPORTS CONFIDENCE AND COMPETITIVENESS:
DECREASE:
Reduce self-efficacy
Depress state confidence
Cause avoidance behaviour
INCREASE:
Increase self-efficacy
Elevate state confidence
Facilitate approach behaviour
VEALEY’S STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE STATE SPORT CONFIDENCE: MASTERY OF SKILL: when the skill has
been acquired and the performer perceives that progress has been made.
STYLING: Confidence will increase if the athlete can demonstrate a highly skilled performance.
PHISICAL AND MENTAL PREPARATION: Will increase the likelihood of a successful performance
VEALEY’S STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE STATE SPORT CONFIDENCE:
SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT: Praise and approval from significant others, particularly in the context of strong team cohesion
EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP: Promotes confidence in team members
ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT: People who lack self confidence will be helped if the working conditions are suitable (ex: a novice should not be observed when learning a new skill)