Self-driving Cars & Data Collection · time it encountered a self-driving car. Uncomfortable...

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Self-driving Cars & Data Collection

Privacy Perceptions of

Networked Autonomous Vehicles

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Cara Bloom, Joshua Tan, Javed Ramjohn, Lujo Bauer

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Why networked autonomous vehicle (AV) privacy?

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Why networked AV privacy? 1.  Data collection

capabilities

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Why networked AV privacy? 1.  Data collection capabilities

2.  Operated by a private company

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Why networked AV privacy? 1.  Data collection capabilities 2.  Operated by a private

company

3.  Collection of physical information in public

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Research Goal Discover what is ‘reasonable’ data collection and use for autonomous vehicle (AV) fleets

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Research Goal 1.  What do people think

AV fleets are capable of?

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Research Goal 1.  What do people think AV

fleets are capable of?

2.  How comfortable are people with AV fleet capabilities?

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Research Goal 1.  What do people think AV

fleets are capable of? 2.  How comfortable are

people with AV fleet capabilities?

3.  How much effort would people expend to opt out?

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Up Next 1.  Study Design 2.  Findings 3.  Policy Applications

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Study Design -  Exploratory online

survey

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survey

-  Privacy primed & unprimed groups

Privacy Priming Scenarios

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage

Specific Incident Analysis

Continuous Analysis

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Recognition Identification Tracking



Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage


Continuous Analysis

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Necessary for autonomous navigation


Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage


Continuous Analysis

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Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage


Continuous Analysis

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Non-necessary. Can be achieved with same sensors.


Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage


Continuous Analysis

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Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage


Continuous Analysis

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Survey Questionnaire

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Likelihood of currently occurring

Comfort if currently occurring


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General AV questions

Effort to opt out

Bias against Uber &

demographics


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Effort to opt out

Bias against Uber &

demographics

Seen by Primed Group





Effort to opt out

Bias against Uber &

demographics

Seen by Primed Group

Seen by Unprimed Group

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survey -  Privacy primed &

unprimed groups

-  Pittsburgh & four similar cities

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Recruitment -  Ads on Craigslist -  Posts on city

Subreddits -  Posters Pittsburgh only

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302 Participants -  60% male -  25% in tech fields -  Avg. age 34 [18, 79]

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Question: What do people think networked fleets of autonomous vehicles are capable of?

Privacy Questions

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage


Continuous Analysis

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Likelihood of Technical Capability

Primary Uses

Secondary Uses

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How likely do you think this scenario is to be happening now?

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Q13. A self-‐driving car recognizes a vehicle that has been seen by another self-‐driving car in the fleet

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Q13. A self-‐driving car recognizes a vehicle that has been seen by another self-‐driving car in the fleet

For example: Uber knows that different self-‐driving cars encountered the same vehicle on different days, but does not know who owns the vehicle

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Difference between primary & secondary uses


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22%

46%

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ParTcipant misconcepTons


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ParTcipant misconcepTons

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Question: How comfortable are people with these potential capabilities?

Secondary Uses

Perceiving People

Perceiving Vehicles

Primary Uses

Image Capture

Aggregation &

Storage


Continuous Analysis

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Comfort with Capability Scenarios

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How comfortable are you with the scenario?

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DifferenTaTon is less clear than for

likelihood quesTons

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DifferenTaTon is less clear than for

likelihood quesTons

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ExcepTon: recogniTon of

vehicles


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Very Uncomfortable

Q25. I would feel _______ if my car was tracked each time it encountered a self-driving car.

Uncomfortable Neutral Comfortable

Why are people (un)comfortable?

Very Uncomfortable Uncomfortable C VC Neutral

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Why are people comfortable?

Reasonable benefit

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Why are people comfortable?

Reasonable benefit Ubiquity

P52: “Phones are tracking in the same sense”

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Why are people uncomfortable?

P107: “Massive privacy invasion.

Not necessary for Uber to navigate their cars.”

Necessary for AVs

Ubiquity Reasonable benefit

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Why are people uncomfortable?

Necessity for AVs Consent

Ubiquity Reasonable benefit

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Question: How much effort would people expend to opt out?

Q36. How many minutes would you spend in the system to successfully opt out?

Effort to Opt Out

0 1-5 5-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 >30 Minutes

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

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Only Priming had a significant effect on opt-out time

(M-W U = 9847.5, p=.02)

Q36. How many minutes would you spend in the system to successfully opt out?

Effort to Opt Out

0 1-5 5-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 >30 Minutes

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

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In the Paper: -  More correlation

tests -  Comparison of

privacy and safety comfort

-  Uber-related exposure and bias

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Takeaways

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Takeaways 1.  People differentiate

between primary and secondary data uses

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Takeaways 1.  People differentiate

between primary and secondary uses

2.  Justifications focused on necessity, consent, and ubiquity

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Takeaways 1-2: Policy Application

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Takeaways 1-2: Policy Application Primary uses are reasonable, while secondary uses are not

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Takeaways 1-2: Policy Application Primary uses are reasonable, while secondary uses are not Possible Exception: Recognition of vehicles

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Takeaways 3.  Misconceptions about

new information

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Takeaways 3.  Misconceptions about

new information 4.  Priming had the only

significant effect on effort to opt-out

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Takeaways 3-4: Policy Application People will likely react strongly to conversations about autonomous vehicle privacy

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Takeaways 3-4: Policy Application People will likely react strongly to conversations about autonomous vehicle privacy

And, it may be difficult to relay accurate information

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The Big Picture -  Companies should

self-regulate

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self-regulate .. to get ahead of the narrative .. to fulfill reasonable expectations

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self-regulate

-  Policy should restrict secondary uses of AV-collected information

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self-regulate

-  Policy should restrict secondary uses of AV-collected information

Self-driving Cars & Data Collection

Privacy Perceptions of

Networked Autonomous Vehicles

___________________________

Cara Bloom, Joshua Tan, Javed Ramjohn, Lujo Bauer

Exposure to Uber & AV technology -‐  78% Pgh and 42% non-‐Pgh were exposed to media

-‐  64% Pgh and 3% non-‐Pgh had seen one as a pedestrian

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Bias against Uber -‐  17% would have answered differently if Uber hadn’t been the example

-‐  18% would trust a different AV company over Uber to have their best interests in mind

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Radar

Front facing cameras

Side and rear cameras

GPS and wireless data

Data processing and storage

LiDAR

Progression of General Scenarios

General Proximity

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Walking Near

Driving Near

Cycling Near

Being Near in Snow Riding In

Changes in Job Market

Image Capture

Aggregation & Analysis

Accident Liability

Becoming More Common

General Privacy

24% 61%

85% 77% 30%

25%

Self-driving Cars & Data Collection · time it encountered a self-driving car. Uncomfortable...

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