Self - defence

objectives• MUSTMUST – Know how the body stops

microbes getting in and how it kills them once inside.

• SHOULDSHOULD - Know the roles of mucus and ciliated cells.

• COULDCOULD - Know the role of white blood cells and antibodies.

Starter (LOOP GAME)• Find the card that says BACTERIA at the

top• Read the question underneath• Now find the card with the ANSWER at

the top• You should have the card that says..• VIRUS• Now read the next question• And find the ANSWER!!!• Until you get back to BACTERIA using all

the cards !!

ANSWERS• BACTERIA, VIRUS, RESPIRATION,

YEAST, AEROBIC, ALCOHOL, CHOLERA, SYMPTOMS, FUNGI, PENICILLIN, IMMUNE, VACCINE, BACTERIA…

on an outline body like this

MARK at least 3 places WHERE microbes can ATTACK

Now say what types of microbe and what they cause

Fungi cause athletes foot

Bacteria and viruses cause STI’s (sexually transmitted infections)

Bacteria cause tooth decay, sore throats

Viruses cause colds and flu

Bacteria (tetanus) can infect cuts and cause lockjaw and muscle stiffness

How does the body PROTECT itself from microbes that attack?

(in stomach)

(in windpipe)

(All over outside of body)

(When you cut skin)

(in blood)

(in mouth)

(in nose)

(in eye)

How does the body PROTECT itself from microbes that attack?

ACID kills germs in stomach

CILIA ( tiny hairs) in windpipe sweep away dirt and dust

SALIVA kills bacteria

TEARS kill bacteria

MUCUS in nose traps microbes

SKIN stops microbes from entering

SCABS form when you cut skin

WHITE BLOOD CELLS in blood kill germs and make ANTIBODIES

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DRAW a ciliated cell

• See p.36

• Write down how it is adapted to its function (job)

• Clue – what do the hairs do?

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

• These form part of your IMMUNE system to protect your body.

• There are 2 types of white blood cell:

• Those that ENGULF bacteria (basically EAT them) and

• Those that make ANTIBODIES

Antibodies• These destroy microbes• Each kind of antibody only works on one

type of microbe.

How do you get all the different antibodies you need?

• Breast milk• Vaccines / immunisation ( more about

this later – see cartoon)• Natural (made when your immune

system fights a disease)

microbe

antibodies

Which shape antibody will neutralise the microbe ?

The antibodies are made SPECIALLY TO FIT onto the outside of the microbe

Each type of microbe has a DIFFERENT SURFACE and so needs a different type of antibody

Microbe VERSION 2.0

antibodies

Microbe VERSION 2.0

antibodies

THE BODY NEEDS TIME TO MAKE EACH PARTICULAR ANTIBODY – UNLESS YOU HAVE HAD THE DISEASE BEFORE OR THE VACCINE

Diagram of how antibodies work

• See p.36

• Make sure it is labelled

Plenary ActivityWHAT WHAT the body usesthe body uses WHERE WHERE this happensthis happens HOW HOW this happensthis happens

Tears eyes

MucusStops bacteria infecting blood

Skin All over body

Cilia

saliva Destroys bacteria to prevent tooth decay

stomach

antibodies Attack and destroy invading microbes that could cause disease

Plenary Activity answersWHAT WHAT the body usesthe body uses WHERE WHERE this happensthis happens HOW HOW this happensthis happens

Tears Eyes Chemicals kill bacteria

Mucus Nose and windpipe Traps microbes

Scabs Wherever the skin is cut Stops bacteria infecting blood

Skin All over body Barrier to infection

Cilia Windpipe Remove dirt and dust

saliva Mouth Destroys bacteria to prevent tooth decay

acid Stomach Kill germs in food

antibodies In blood (white blood cells) Attack and destroy invading microbes that could cause disease

Summary

• The body tries to stop microbes getting in and tries to kill them once inside.

• Mucus and ciliated cells trap and get rid of dirt and dust.

• White blood cells and antibodies engulf and destroy bacteria.