Self cleaning finishes on textiles..

Submitted by

SHANTI KUMARIEntry no. 2013TTF2771

Course : Theory and practice of textile finishing (TTL742)

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Introduction• The requirement to render the surface of a

number of products self-cleaning or at least easy-to-clean is an important general issue in a vast range of technologies.

• Such a distinguished property would substantially enhance the utility value of the products and would improve the environment quality.

• There are several approaches of declaring a surface to be self cleaning.

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Mechanism of self cleaning

The Lotus effect

Photocatalytic coatings

Easy to clean finishing

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The Lotus effect

Asperities

Papillae

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The Lotus effect

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Photocatalytic coatings

Fabric surface coated with TiO2valence band

e-

+

Conduction band

BAND GAP

e

-

h

+

Organic

compound

O2

OH-

H2O

CO2

e

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Easy to clean finishing

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Manufacturing methodsThere are several methods of rendering a

textile surface self cleaning, some of which are :

Surface rougheningPhotocatalytic coatingBy applying self cleaning finishes

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Surface rougheningFor textiles , the most efficient method of

surface roughening is applying silver nano particles onto it.

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Photocatalytic coating

Application of photocatalytic coating involves two steps :

Preparation of TiO2 sol

Application of TiO2 sol onto the fabric

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Padding

Drying

Curing

TiO2 coated fabric

APPLICATION

TiO2 sol Fabric

Titanium iso propoxideAcidic water (containing 0.2 % HCl and 0.2 % acetic acid under mechanical stirring

60 deg for 16 hr with continuous stirring

5 times deionized water

1% softener

PREPARATIONDippin

g

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Stain decomposition test with (1) coffee stain , (2) red wine stain (3) curry stain , (a) controlled sample, (b) treated sample after 0 h, rinsing, 4 h, 10 washing and 20 washing.

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Table : Staining grades of coffee, red wine and curry stains

Stain gradesStains 0 h Rinsed 4h

irradiation10

Washing20

Washing

Coffee stain Controlled cotton

1 2 2 - -

TiO2 treated

cotton

1 2 5 4.5 3.5

Red wine stain

Controlled cotton

1 2 2 - -

TiO2 treated

cotton

1 2 5 4 3

Curry stain Controlled cotton

1 2.5 2.5 - -

TiO2 treated

cotton

1 2.5 5 4.5 3.5Shanti Kumari @IITD

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Easy to clean (ETC) finishesEasy to clean finishes are actually nano coating

of silicone di oxide.

This innovative water repellent nano-coating for textiles protects almost any type of textile from water, dirt, contamination and stains – whilst remaining totally invisible.

It will not affect the appearance, its ability to breath, its colour or handle and is easy to maintain.

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ETC finishes :Examples of use: Clothing Household textiles (pillows, furniture),

carpets Suede/leather Paper, cardboard Wood

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ETC finishes :Other properties: Food-safe (inert) Permanent (UV-stable, very resistant to

abrasion) Temperature resistant Breathable Simple application Washing and cleaning agent resistant

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Areas of application of self cleaning finishes Medical textiles e.g. Hospital garments Sport tech e.g. Athletic wear Defense textile e.g. Military uniforms Smart textiles Upholstery Under garments

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Some market products with self cleaning Schoeller Nanosphere technology :

BBlack diamond tour

gloves$ 39.99

Simms g

uide

wading boots

$199.99

Westcomb

recon cargo

$ 199.95

Manzella

hatchback

$ 29.99Manzella

hatchback

mitt/gloves

$ 29.99

Mam

mut

extre

me

hybrid

pants

$299.99

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Advantages of self cleaning finishes :

Generally speaking easy to clean surfaces are less susceptible to dirt accumulation.

The benefit: stress free and easy cleaning, saves time and cost.

Reduces water consumption. Reduces energy consumption to be involved

in frequent washing.

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Limitations of self cleaning finishes:

TiO2 nanoparticles increases DNA strand breaks, frequency of DNA deletion, induces micronuclie, oxidative DNA damage.

The droplets dry individually, leaving behind dirt residues although these are easy to remove.

When only a small amount of water is involved, droplets of run off water can form runaways, It is therefore necessary to consider where and how the easy-to-clean function should best be employed.

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Future developments :Multilayer assembly of TiO2 nano particles

and polyethylene glycol in search of a super hydrophilic surface without the use of UV irradiation.

Modification of TiO2 in order to achieve visible light photo catalysis .

Plenty of opportunities lies in this field using nano finishing , plasma treatment etc.

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Conclusion :In conclusion, self cleaning is a need of

todays advanced and sustainable growth. Self cleaning not only benefits us technically

but also economically by saving the energy and water consumption.

The commercial viability of these finishes will be customer driven and will depend on the value addition imparted by these finishes, so the more we improve more feasible will it be in the textile industry.

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References : [1] Vassilia Zorba, Xiaobo Chen and Samuel S. Mao, “Super hydrophilic TiO2 surface without photocatalytic activation” . Applied Physics Letters 96, 093702 (2010). [2] Reiner Furstner , Wilhelm Bartlett, Christoph Neinhuis and Peter Walzel, “Wetting and Self-Cleaning Properties of Artificial Superhydrophobic Surfaces,” Langmuir, 21, 956-961 (2005). [3] Bharat Bhushan , Yong Chae Jung, “Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion and drag reduction”. Progress in Materials Science 56 1–108 (2011). [4] Jirˇi Rathousky´, Vit Kalousek, Michal Kolarˇ, Jaromir Jirkovsky´, Petr Bartak, “A study into the self-cleaning surface properties—The photocatalytic decomposition of oleic acid”. Catalysis Today 161 202–208 (2011). [5] A.Mathiazhagan and Rani Joseph, “ Nanotechnology-A New Prospective in Organic Coating – Review.” International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 2 , No. 4 , 08 ( 2011). [6] Manoj A. Lazar, Jalil K. Tadvani, Wing Sze Tung, Lorena Lopez, Walid A. Daoud, “Nanostructured Thin Films as Functional Coatings”. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 12 012017 (2010). [7] M L Gulrajani and Deepti Gupta, “Emerging techniques for functional finishing of textiles” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.36, 388-397 12 (2011).

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[8] Walid A. Daoud and Wing Sze Tung, “Self-cleaning Fibers via Nanotechnology - A Virtual Reality”. IEEE 978-1-4244-2104-6 08 (2008). [9] Shirley Coyle, Yanzhe Wu, King-Tong Lau, Danilo De Rossi, Gordon Wallace and Dermot Diamond, “Smart Nanotextiles: A Review of Materials and Applications”. MRS bulletin, volume 32, 05 (2007). [10] Kaihong Qi, Xiaowen Wang and John H Xin,” Photocatalytic self-cleaning textiles based on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide.” Textile Research Journal 0(00) 1–10 (2010) [11] Mohammad Shateri-Khalilabad , Mohammad E. Yazdanshenas, Ali Etemadifar, “Fabricating multifunctional silver nanoparticles-coated cotton fabric”. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (still in press) (2013). [12] Deyong Wu , Lianzhi Wang, Xinjian Song , Yuanbin Tan, “ Enhancing the visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity of the self-cleaning TiO2- coated cotton by loading Ag/AgCl nanoparticles.” Thin Solid Films 540 36–40 (2013). [13] Dariakibanova, Javieracervini-silva and Hugodestallats, “Efficiency of Clay- TiO2 Nanocomposites on the Photocatalytic Elimination of a Model Hydrophobic Air Pollutant Environ.” Sci. Technol. 43, 1500–1506 (2009). [14] Leyla Budama, Burcin Acar Cakır, Onder Topel , Numan Hoda , “A new strategy for producing antibacterial textile surfaces using silver nanoparticles.” Chemical Engineering Journal 228 489–495 (2013).

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[15] Penwisa Pisitsak, Arnon Samootsoot and Nassarin Chokpanich, “Investigation of the Self-cleaning Properties of Cotton Fabrics Finished with Nano-TiO2 and Nano-TiO2 Mixed with Fumed Silica”. KKU Res. J. 18(2): 200-211 (2013) [16] J. Kiwi, C. Pulgarin. “ Innovative self-cleaning and bactericide textiles”. Catalysis Today 151 2–7 (2010). [17] Chutima Srisitthiratkul, Voraluck Pongsorrarith, Narupol Intasanta. “The potential use of nanosilver-decorated titanium dioxide nanofibers for toxin decomposition with antimicrobial and self-cleaning properties”. Applied Surface Science 257 8850– 8856 (2011). [18] JavierMarug´an, Paul Christensen, Terry Egerton,2 and Herry Purnama. “Influence of the Synthesis pH on the Properties and Activity of Sol-Gel TiO2 Photocatalysts”. International Journal of Photoenergy Volume, Article ID 759561, 7 pages (2008). [19] Mohamed Rehan , Andreas Hartwig , Matthias Ott , Linda Gätjen , Ralph Wilken. “Enhancement of photocatalytic self-cleaning activity and antimicrobial properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics,” Surface & Coatings Technology 219 50–58 (2013).[20] Nika Veronovski, Andreja Rudolf, Majda Sfiligoj Smole, Tatjana Kreže, and Jelka Geršak. “Self-cleaning and Handle Properties of TiO2- modified Textiles”. Fibers and Polymers Vol.10, No.4, 551-556 (2009).

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[21] Burcin Acar Cakır, Leyla Budama, Onder Topel, Numan Hoda,”Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using PS-b-PAA reverse micelle cores for UV protective, self-cleaning and antibacterial textile applications “. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 414 132– 139 (2012) . [22] Benedicte Trouiller, Ramune Reliene, Aya Westbrook, Parrisa Solaimani and Robert H. Schiestl, “Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage and genetic instability in vivo mice”, Molecular Biology, Pathobiology and Genetics Cancer Res 69: (22) (2009). [23] S. Parthiban, “Self cleaning garments”, A review paper submitted in PSG College of Technology, downloaded on 14th September, (2013). [24] http://www.nanocare-ag.com/textilien/. As downloaded on 16th September, (2013).

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Thank you.

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Self cleaning finishes on textiles..

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