Selection and Analysis of Circuit Breakers for Building

7/31/2019 Selection and Analysis of Circuit Breakers for Building

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SELECTION AND ANALYSIS OF

CIRCUIT BREAKERS FORBUILDING CIRCUIT PROTECTION

Submitted by

Sushil Chand

UE 84065


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Founded by Mr. Qimat Rai Gupta

A billion-dollar-plus organization, and one of the largest & India's fastest

growing electrical and power distribution equipment manufacturer with

products ranging from Industrial & Domestic Circuit ProtectionSwitchgear, Cables & Wires, Motors, Fans, Power Capacitors, CFL Lamps,

Modular Switches, Water Heaters and Domestic Appliances covering the

entire gamut of household, commercial and industrial electrical needs.

Havells owns some of the prestigious global brands like Crabtree,Sylvania, Concord, Luminance, Linolite & Standard.

HAVELLS- AN OVERVIEW


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CHAIRMANS PROFILE

Mr. Qimat Rai Gupta's mantra of

success is "growth through quality,innovation and market

consolidation".

Mr.Gupta received the Self-made

Entrepreneur Award "Udyog Patra"

in 1989, Distinguished

Entrepreneurship Award 2004, from

the PHD Chamber of Commerce and

Industry in 2004, Udyog Vibhushan

from the Institute of Trade &

Industrial Development, Delhi in

2005


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GLOBAL PRESENCE Havells has 94 branches and over 5000 professionals in

over 50 countries across the globe.

Its manufacturing units in India are located at Haridwar,Baddi, Noida, Faridabad, Alwar, Neemrana, and 6 other

places.

Manufacturing plants across Europe, America & Africa.

The company has acquired a number of International

certifications, like CSA, KEMA, CB, CE, ASTA, CPA, SEMKO,

SIRIUM (Malaysia), SPRING (Singapore), TSE (Turkey), SNI

(Indonesia) and EDD for various products.


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HAVELLS BUSINESS AND COMPETITORS


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Continued


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PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Reliability: ability of the protection to operate correctly with two

elements- dependability and security.

Speed: minimum operating time to clear a fault in order to avoid

damage to equipment and human life.

Selectivity: maintaining continuity of supply by disconnecting theminimum section of the network necessary to isolate the fault.

Cost: maximum protection at the lowest cost possible.


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EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY

Risk of Electrocution

It only requires a very small continuous electric current 40mA (a

twenty-fifth of an amp) or more flowing through the human body

to cause irreversible damage to the normal cardiac cycle

(ventricular fibrillation) or death (electrocution). When

somebody comes into direct contact with mains voltage and earth,

the current flowing through the body, is of the order of 230mA(just under a quarter of an amp).


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Continued.

Risk of fire

DTI statistics show that fire brigades attend over 10,000 fires every

year attributed to faults in electrical appliances, lighting, wiring

and accessories. Of these, 5,000 are in the home and result in

about 23 deaths annually and 600 casualties requiring medical

treatment.


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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ACCURRENT(50Hz) ON HUMANS


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DIRECT AND INDIRECT ELECTRIC SHOCK


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RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUITBREAKER(RCCB)

A device that is designed to provide protection

against electrocution or electrical fires by cuttingoff the flow of electricity automatically, when it

senses a leakage of electric current from a

circuit.

To appreciate the importance of an RCCB it is

helpful to understand how much electrical energyit takes to kill a human being.

The smallest fuse used in a normal electric plug is

3 Amps; it takes less than one twentieth of that

current to kill an adult in less than one tenth of a

second.


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RCCB OPERATION


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MANUFACTURING AT HAVELLS

Following assignments were given to attain

knowledge and hands on experience in the

field of production of RCCBs:

Material Inspection

Mechanical Assembly

Testing


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MATERIAL INSPECTION

RECEIVING

MATERIALINSPECTION MATERIAL STORE

IF MATERIAL NOT OK

IF MATERIAL NOT OK


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MECHANICAL ASSEMBLYOK MATERIAL

LATCH ASSEMBLY

D.T SPRING

KNOB ASSEMBLY

SLIDE SPRING FITTING

TERMINAL CLAMP

100% INSPECTION

AUDIT


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TESTING

HIGH VOLTAGE TEST

A voltage of substantially sine-wave form of 1 500 V having a frequency of 50 Hz is applied for 1

sec as follows:

a) With the RCCB in the open position, between the terminals which are electrically

connected together,

b) For RCCBs not incorporating electronic components, with the RCCB in the closed

position, between each pole,

c) For RCCBs incorporating electronic components, with the RCCB in the open position,

either between all incoming terminals of poles in turn or between all outgoing terminals of

poles ,

No flashover or breakdown shall occur.


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Continued.

Performance of the Device Test

With the RCCB in the closed position,

and connected to a supply at the

appropriate voltage, the test device,

when operated, shall open the RCCB.

Where the test device is intended to

operate at more than one value ofrated voltage, the test shall be made

at the lowest value of rated voltage.


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Continued.

RCCB Trip Test

A residual current is passed

through each pole of the RCCB

in turn. The RCCB shall not trip

at a current less than or equal

to 0,5 In, but it shall trip atIn within a specified time.

The test current shall be

applied at least five times to

each RCBO and shall be

applied at least twice to eachpole.


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ACTUATION TIME CHARACTERISTICS


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CASE STUDIES

TYPICAL RISKS

Mechanical damage to cables

Locations containing a bath or shower

Fire risk associated with fixed electrical

appliances

Bad wiring practice


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UIET DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM


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Continued.PROTECTION SOLUTIONS: A three phase RCCB between the Main Distribution Board and MCBs with

63A, 100mA, 240/415V, 50Hz rating.

Single phase RCCBs each with a rating of 16A, 30mA, 240V, 50 Hz after the

MCBs.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

Since there is already a three phase RCCB connected between the Main

Distribution Board and MCBs with 63A, 100mA, 240/415 V, 50Hz rating, so there

is no need of additional circuit protection.

However, there is no earth leakage protection available downstream after the

MCBs before the socket outlets.


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SELECTION CRITERIA SENSITIVITY

Personal protection(30 mA)

Installation protection(100 mA)

RCCB TYPESResidual current with different

waveforms can occur, depending

on which electronic switching

takes place in the circuit.


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ADAPTIVE RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT

BREAKER


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REFERENCES IEC 61008-1:1990, Residual current operated circuit-breakers

without integral overcurrent protection for household and

similar uses (RCCBs) - Part 1: General rules

Protection of Electrical Networks (ISTE) Christophe Prv

Electrical Installation Guide 2011

RCD Hand Book by BEAMA

"Adaptive Residual Current Circuit Breaker Based on

Microcontroller," icdma, pp.159-162, 2011 Second

International Conference on Digital Manufacturing &


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THANK YOU

Selection and Analysis of Circuit Breakers for Building

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