Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield...

85
Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, [email protected] , +44 7718 585 106

Transcript of Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield...

Page 1: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Selecting the right op amp –

Understanding the specifications and navigating

through the minefield of products

1

Bob Lee, [email protected], +44 7718 585 106

Page 2: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Where to look for op amps ??

Op amps are the fundamental analog building block and are most commonly found between the analog input or sensor and the ADC and between the DAC and the analog output or actuator

Page 3: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

What are op amps used for?

3

Some of the uses for op amps

• Providing gain to small signals • Filtering• Level shifting• ADC driver• DAC buffer• Current to voltage converter(transimpedance amplifier)• Current source(transconductance amplifier)• Common mode noise rejection• Peak voltage detection• Sample and hold• Absolute value circuit

Page 4: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

So what’s so difficult about op amp selection ?

+

-

+Vcc

-Vcc

All that differentiates one from another are the specifications – normally many pages of these

Selecting the right op amp for your customers application, just how hard can that be ?

The first problem is that all op amps basically look the same, with 5 pins

Page 5: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.
Page 6: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.
Page 7: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.
Page 8: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Op Amp specifications

•A typical op amp specification table is long and complicated.

•All op amp specifications are a tradeoff, improving one specification means relaxing another

•Generally an op amp is not chosen on any one specification but a combination of them

•The ‘perfect op amp’ doesn’t exist !

•In order to be able to effectively support these products and help customers with product selection we need to be able to identify which parameters are most important and to have at least a basic understanding of these

Page 9: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Ideal Operational Amplifier

-

+

Ideal Op Amp

Vout

RF 90kRI 10k

Vin 1

Gnd

IrfIri

Iin- = 0A

0V -9V

Irf = (Vout - 0V) / RF

Iri = (0V-Vin) / RI

Iin- = 0A

Irf = Iri

(Vout - 0V) / RF = (0V-Vin) / RI

Vout / Vin = -RF/RI

For Ideal Op Amp

With Feedback and High Open Loop Gain:

+IN is forced to equal -IN

Inverting Configuration

Page 10: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Ideal Operational Amplifier

For Ideal Op Amp

With Feedback and High Open Loop Gain:

+IN is forced to equal -IN

Non-Inverting Configuration

Irf = (Vout - Vin) / RF

Iri = Vin / RI

Iin- = 0A

Irf = Iri

(Vout - Vin) / RF = Vin / RI

Vout / Vin = 1 + RF/RI

-

+

Ideal Op Amp

Vout

RF 90kRI 10k

Vin 1 Vin

IrfIri

Iin- = 0A

1V 10V

Page 11: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Limitation of the exercise

•In order to keep things simpler we will limit this discussion to general purpose op amps(‘precision’ op amps)

•This covers to majority of op amp applications

•The class we are not discussing is high speed op amps (> 100MHz bandwidth)

–Much of what follows also applies to high speed op amps as well

–However, high speed op amps also have many other important factors to consider

Page 12: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Keeping it simple

•Op amp specifications fall into two classes

– DC parameters– AC parameters

•Generally speaking, customer applications require good DC performance or good AC performance but not both. Appreciating which of these classes of specifications are going to be important is a good first step

•Very often it will be obvious which is going to be most important from the application, but if in doubt, then just ask the customer !

Page 13: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

DC or AC performance ?

13

Applications that will requires good DC performance generally have small amplitude, low bandwidth signals. These include:-

Most temperature measurement, thermocouple, RTD, PT100, thermistorPressure measurement/strain gaugeECG/EEG etcVoltage/current

Applications that require good AC performance have wide bandwidth signals and generally care more about peak to peak amplitude rather than about absolute voltage levels. Examples include:-

Audio – you can’t hear DCAny waveform analysisVibration monitoringCable detection

Page 14: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

DC Specifications

• The main DC specifications are :-

– Offset voltage (Vos) and drift (dVos/dt)• These tend to be related, parts with a low offset also have a low offset drift

– Input bias current (Ib)• A key careabout in some applications, such as photodiodes but generally not a

major concern for most customers– Noise

• For low frequency applications its likely to be low frequency, 1/f noise that’s of most concern

• Lets looks at each of these in more detail

Page 15: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Input Offset Voltage (Vos) Vout Error

25C Specs in Table

Often Histograms show distribution of Vos

Polarity is + or –

-

+

Ideal Op Amp

Vout

RF 1M

RI 1M

Vos 25u

Vout error = 50uV

Input Offset Voltage

Creates Vout error

Page 16: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Input Offset Voltage (Vos) Drift Vout Error

Vos Drift Specs in Table

Often Histograms show distribution of Vos Drift

Polarity is + or --

+

Ideal Op Amp

Vout

RF 1M

RI 1M

Vos 25uVos_drift 60u

Vout error = 170uV

Initial Vos + Vos Drift creates Vout error

Operating Temperatue = 25C to 85CT = 85C - 25C = 60C

Vos_drift = T dVos

dT

Vos_drift = 60C 1uV/C = 60uV

Page 17: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Input offset voltage reduction

17

Remember this ?

The untrimmed offset on the LM741 is 6mV and the drift is 15uV/C !Hence the need for the trim pot

Laser trimming replaces the offset trim pot with internal laser trimmed resistors and enables an offset of 20uV and drift of 0.1uV/C(OPA277) – but at a cost

E-trim replaces the laser trimmed resistors with trim fuses, blown once at the factory during test to produce cost effective parts with an offset of 25uV and drift of 0.26uV/C (OPA376)

Auto zero and chopping techniques reduce this to 5uV and 0.001uV/C (LMP2021)

Page 18: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Input Bias Current (Ib), Input Offset Current (Ios)

Ib = 5pA

Ios = 4pA

Polarity is + or –

Current into or out of inputs

-

+

Ideal Op Amp

Ib- 3p

Ib+ 7p

Vout

Ib = Ib+ + Ib-

2

Ib = 7pA + 3pA

2 = 5pA

Ios = Ib+ - Ib-

Ios = 7pA - 3pA = 4pA

Page 19: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Input Bias Current (Ib), Input Offset Current (Ios)

25C Specs in Table

Often Curves for Temperature Specs

Polarity is + or –

Page 20: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

-

+

Ideal Op Amp

VoutR1 1M

+Vin

R2 1M

R3 1M

VIb 5.5u

Vout error = 11uV

Simplif ied VIb Model

VIb = VIb+ - VIb-

Non-Invverting Gain Creates Vout error

-

+

Ideal Op Amp

VoutRs 1M

+

Vin

RF 1M

RI 1M VIb- 1.5u

VIb+ 7u

Vout error = 11uV

Ib flow s through feedback and input resistors

Model as VIb+ and VIb-

Inverting and Non-Inverting Gains create Vout error

-

+

Ideal Op Amp

Ib- 3p

Ib+ 7p

VoutRs 1M

RF 1M

RI 1M

Vinm

Vinp

Vinm = 1.5uV

Vinp =7uV

Ib f low s through feedback and input resistors

View Vout and Vin as low impedance

Vinm = Ib- (RF // RI)

Vinp = Ib+ (Rs)

Vin

Vout

Input Bias Current (Ib) Vout Error

-

+

Idelal Op AmpIb- 3p

Ib+ 7p

VoutRs 1M

+

Vin

RF 1M

RI 1M

Ib causes errors at Vout

1

2

3 4

Page 21: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Op Amp noise

Calculating the total noise generated by an op amp and the associated resistors is a complex subject and outside of the scope of this presentation. However there are some things we can do to make it easier

In the same way that most customers are more concerned about offset voltage rather than input bias current, most customers are more concerned about voltage noise than they are current noise

Its important to realise that op amps have two voltage noise specs

The broadband noise – that’s the one that headlines in the datasheets.

Given in nV/rt Hz

The 1/f noise – probably more important in the low frequency applications where DC accuracy is the main careabout.

Given as an rms or peak to peak voltage, 0.1 – 10Hz

Page 22: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Op Amp noise spectrum

22

50nV/rt-Hz

5nV/rt-Hz

The broadband noiseThe 1/f noise

1/f noise corner, the point at which the 1/f noise starts to dominate

Page 23: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Good 1/f noise example

23

Page 24: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

AC Specifications

The main AC specifications of on op amp are:-

Gain Bandwith Product - determines the small signal bandwidth

Slew Rate - determines the large signal bandwidth

Noise, now it’s the broadband noise that will dominate rather than the 1/f noise

Page 25: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Open Loop Gain & Phase

Gain-Bandwidth Product = UGBW (Unity Gain Bandwidth)

G=1 Stable Op Amps

5.5MHz

Open-Loop Voltage Gain at DCLinear operation conditions NOT the same as Voltage Output Swing to Rail

Page 26: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Bandwidth, Small Signal, BwOp-Amp small signalbandwidth is shown on Bode Plot.

The -3 dB point for closedloop gain of 10 can be determined using the Bode Plot.

Page 27: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

The importance of loop gain

27

Loop gain

Loop gain is the difference between the desired closed loop gain (i.e. that set by the feedback resistors) and the op amps open loop gain (its gain in the absence of feedback)

Page 28: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

The importance of loop gain

28

For the part shown on the previous slide, the gain bandwidth product was 5.5Mhz. At a gain of 20db(x10) this implies a small signal bandwidth of 550kHz

However, at 550kHz, the loop gain has fallen to zero, it’s the point at which the open loop gain and closed loop gain curves cross

Its loop gain that enables an op amp to do its job and for AC applications this primarily means reduce distortion.

No loop gain = no distortion reduction

In order to have some loop gain always in hand we need to use an op amp with much more bandwidth than is implied by multiplying gain by required bandwidth, to get to a gain bandwidth figure(GBW)

10 x GBW gives 20 dB loop gain in hand – still not very much` 100 x GBW gives 40 dB – that's more like it

Page 29: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Loop gain example

29

The customer has an audio application and requires a 20kHz bandwidth. He also requires a gain of 20dB(x10)

The minimum gain bandwidth required is therefore 200kHz, however as we have just seen, this would leave no loop gain at 20kHz

To retain 20dB of loop gain at 20kHz, we therefore need a gain bandwidth of 2Mhz – this should be considered the medium

Better would be to go for 40dB of loop bandwidth, this implies a gain bandwidth of 20MHz.

Notice, the difference between the customers system bandwidth (20kHz) and the gain bandwidth of the op amp required (20MHz)

Page 30: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Small signal and large signal requirements

30

The previous discussion on loop gain and bandwidth assumes small signal swings

The means that we are assuming that the op amps output stage can actually swing (slew) fast enough to support a sine wave of that frequency. Keeping the signals small ensures this

Slew rate may well limit the output peak to peak voltage swing at high frequencies. We need to check this next

Page 31: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Slew Rate Slew Rate Measurement:10% to 90% of Vout

Page 32: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Full Power BandwidthMaximum Rate of change of sinew ave is at zero cross

Highest Frequency Op Amp can track sinew ave limited by:

Frequency, Output Voltage, Slew Rate

SR (V/us) = 2fVop(1e-6)

w here:

SR = Slew Rate in V/us

f = frequency of interest

Vop = Vout peak voltage

Given Slew Rate = 2V/us

What is max f for sinew ave of 2.5Vpp?

SR (V/us) = 2fVop(1e-6)

2 = 2f(2.5Vpp/2)(1e-6)

Solving for f:

fmax = 254.6kHz

Remember that figure given above is the minimum slew rate required. For low distortion, expect to need x5 to x10 this figure

Page 33: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Broadband noise

33

50nV/rt-Hz

5nV/rt-HzThe broadband noise

Its now the broadband noise that care about, the number on the first page of the datasheet

Measured in nV/rt Hz

Still not as simple as it seems since we have to understand what is meant by the bandwidth(depends on the filter order of the system) and may in any case be dominated by resistor noise

Page 34: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Noise Spectral Density vs. Resistance

Resistance (Ohms)

Noi

se S

pect

ral D

ensi

ty v

s. R

esis

tanc

e

nV/r

t-H

z

10 100 1 10 3 1 10 4 1 10 5 1 10 6 1 10 70.1

1

10

100

1 10 3468.916

0.347

4 1.38065 1023 25 273.15( ) X 10

9

4 1.38065 1023 125 273.15( ) X 10

9

4 1.38065 1023 55 273.15( ) X 10

9

10710 X

1000

10 100 1 103 1 104 1 105 1 106 1 1070.1

1

10

100

1 103468.916

0.347

4 1.380651023 25 273.15( ) X 10

9

4 1.380651023 125 273.15( ) X 109

4 1.380651023 55 273.15( ) X 109

10710 X

25C

125C

-55C

en density = √ (4kTKR)

Resistor Noise – Thermal Noise

Low noise circuits need low value resistors !

Page 35: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Selecting the right part

•The main DC and AC specifications are the first step to selecting the right op amp for the job.

•But its not the end of the story !

•We now have to consider the power supplies and the input and output voltage swings with respect to the rails

–We need to know the supply voltage(s) the customer intends to use and his expectation on output voltage swing and input voltage range

Page 36: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Power Supplies

36

+

-

+Vcc

-VccAn op amp doesn’t have a ground pin, it has no knowledge of where ground is

An op amp only cares about the total voltage across the supply pins

As far as an op amp is concerned, +/15V is the same as 0-30V and +/-5V is the same as 0 -10V

We do have to take care that the inputs operate within the allowed voltage range which will be with respect to –Vcc for the lower limit and with respect to +Vcc for the upper limit. Not with respect to ground

Likewise we have to ensure that the op amp can provide the required output swing which will be with respect to it’s supply rails

Page 37: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Rail to Rail I/0

37

‘Rail to rail inputs’ and ‘Rail to Rail outputs’ are terms much beloved by marketing and customers often ask for these features

The problem is that ‘rail to rail’ means different things to different people, so always ask the customer to be very specific :-

What supply voltage(s) is the op amp operating from ?

How close to the –ve rail do the inputs need to operate ?How close to the +ve rail do the inputs need to operate ?

What’s the load and where is it connected ? Then :-

How close to the –ve rail does the output have to swing ?How close to the +ve rail does the output have to swing ?

Page 38: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Output Voltage Swing - Rail-to-Rail Output

OPA376

+

-

V+

V-Rload

Vin Vout

Positive Rail

Negative Rail

Output Swing refers to how close the amplifier can swing to the power supplies (rails).

It depends on thetype of Op-Amp...

and the size of

the load.

Page 39: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Voltage Output Swing From Rail

Loaded Vout swing from Rail

Higher Current Load Further from Rail

Note, its with respect to the rail

Page 40: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Output stage trends

40

CMOS op amps, intended for singe supply operation(typically 5V or less) have always had good output swing to the rails

Bipolar and FET input op amps, intended for supplies of up to +/15V, have in the past had very poor output swing to the rails

Normally these parts don’t get closer than 2-3V from the rails

This restricts the use of these parts for lower voltage applications

More modern parts are much better in this respect and this enables the parts to be used for both high and low supply voltage applications

Page 41: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Wide supply voltage range, OPA171

41

For a high voltage (36V) op amp, these are very good figures and allow its use over a wide supply voltage range. The part is useful on +/-15V and single 3.3V rails

This actually confuses the selection process since for a low voltage application, you may well have to check out some of the new high voltage parts as well !

The OPAx171 is a very versatile, cost effective op amp, happy on single 5V as well as +/- 15V

Page 42: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Input Voltage Range - Rail-to-Rail Input

OPA376

+

-

V+

V-

Vout

Positive Rail

Negative Rail

Vin

Input Voltage Range refers to how close the input is allowed to get to the rails.

Most Bipolar and JFET Op-Amps can not get to the rails, some can get to one.

Rail to rail op amps can exceed both railsby 300 mV.

Page 43: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Input voltage range

43

This is the OPA171 who’s output voltage range we looked at earlier. Although its output voltage swing will allow a wide supply voltage range, we would still have to be careful about the input voltage range

Remember that in the inverting configuration, the op amp inputs stay at the same voltage irrespective of the input signal

This makes the inverting configuration the low distortion option

The non-inverting configuration is much more difficult since the op amp inputs move with the signal, more so at low gains, the worst case being a unity gain buffer

With respect to the rails again

Page 44: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Unity gain buffer, the problem

44

+

-

+Vcc

-Vcc

Vin Vout

For the unity gain buffer, the swing on Vout is the same as the swing on Vin and both op amp inputs need to be able to accommodate this. If Vout has a large swing (‘rail to rail’), then the inputs need to be able to swing rail to rail

Page 45: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Inputs outside of the rails

45

Most op amps can operate with inputs slightly outside of the rails.

Going further outside of the rails, will turn on the internal ESD cells. With no current limiting this will damage the cells and damage the part

Provided however that the current is limited to few mA(<10mA), input signals outside of the rails are acceptable. The part won’t operate correctly but it won’t sustain damage or latch up

Sometimes arises as a power on sequencing issueSometimes a voltage spikes issue

Page 46: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

How about the current consumpsion ?

What we are concerned with here is current drawn by the op amp from the supplies

Early in this presentation we said that all op amp specifications are a compromise, playing off one spec against another

–This is very true of quiescent current. Don’t expect low current op amps to have the best performance in other aspects, in particular bandwidth and noise

Remember that the load will also draw a current from the supply as well

Page 47: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

So what’s left

•Almost home a dry on op amp selection, what’s left to think about ?

•Other features ?EMI/RFI hardening. Many of the HPA and SVA op amps now have this feature. This can make life much easier for your customer and be a key selling point

•Package type All modern op amps are available in miniature packages but standard SO-8

packages may still be required when second sourcing

•PricePricing is outside of the scope of this presentation but many new op amps are available as two part numbers, one being a lower cost option (typically relaxed offset spec)

Page 48: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

OP Amps and EMI

• EMI/RFI may cause Vos shifts, noise

• Most dominant if seen by OPA inputs

• Remedy:– External Rs and Cs to Band-limit – New OPA designs

• series Rs internally• sized to have defined High-f roll-off• Improved and predicable EMI rejection

Page 49: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Newer Op-amps have built-in EMI filtering(EMIRR)

Page 50: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

HPA LV Op Amps with internal EMI filtering• OPA376/377 Family

– This Low-Noise, Precision, 5.5MHz device– Input filtering with the corner at approximately 75 MHz

• OPA378 Family– Lowest noise, Zero-Drift Op Amps with a GBW of 900KHz – EMI input filter with a corner frequency of 25MHz

• OPA369 Family– This nano-Power Op Amp has superb DC performance– EMI input filtering with a corner frequency of 25MHz. – Great for low power, EMI sensitive applications!

• OPA333, OPA330 and INA333 – Zero-Drift devices with outstanding DC precision. – EMI inputs filters have a corner frequency of 8MHz.

• OPA334/335– Zero-Drift models with great DC performance with 2MHz GBW– EMI filtering with fc =30MHz

EMI

Page 51: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

HPA 36V Op Amps with EMI Filtering

• OPA170, OPA2170 & OPA4170 (RTM 2Q11)– Low power @ 110µA with 1.2MHz bandwidth – EMI input filter with a corner frequency of 75 MHz

• OPA171, OPA2171 & OPA4171 (Available Now)– Medium power @ 475µA with 3MHz bandwidth – EMI input filter with a corner frequency of 25MHz

• OPA188, OPA2188 & OPA4188 (RTM 3Q11)– Precision Zero-Drift Amplifier 25µV Offset Voltage & 0.1µV/°C– EMI input filter with a corner frequency of 25MHz.

EMI

Page 52: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

SVA EMIRR Application Note

EMIRR Application Note:

AN-1698

"A specification for EMI Hardened Op Amps"

A

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Smaller packages, OPAx171

53

Packaging options:Single: SO-8, SOT23-5, SOT553Dual: SO-8, MSOP-8, VSSOP-8Quad: SO-14, TSSOP-14

SOT23-53 x 3 x 1.45

VSSOP3.1 x 2 x 0.9

SOT553 1.6 x 1.6 x 0.6

Page 54: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Lower cost options

54

Examples

High performance Cost effective

OPAx140 OPAx141OPAx333 OPAx330OPAx376 OPAx377OPAx320 OPAx322

Some parts are now offered with one part number for the high performance option and a different part number for a more cost effective option. Normally the main difference is in DC specifications such as offset voltage

Page 55: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

The op amp minefield !

55

TLC

LMP

TL

OPA

LM

THS

TLV

TLE

TPA

LMV?Where to start

LME LPV

Page 56: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Operational Amplifier Naming

OPA x 333

Channel count0: No character2: dual3: triple4: quad

1xx : JFET Input2xx: Bipolar3xx: CMOS4xx: High Voltage5xx: High Outputcurrent6xx: High Speed7xx: High Voltage CMOS (12V)8xx: High Speed (different process than 6xx)OPA Operational Amplifier

INA Instrumentation Amplifier and Difference Amplifier

LOG Logarithmic AmplifierXTR Current Loop DriverPGA Programable Gain Amplifier (digital)VCA Voltage Controlled Variable Gain AmplifierIVC Current to Voltage Converter

Page 57: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Operational Amplifier Naming

• TLV Low Voltage CMOS• TLC CMOS• TLE Bipolar / BiFET• TL Bipolar• THS High Speed• TPA Audio Power Amps• LM• LMV• NE• MC

CommoditySecond Sources

Or could be an SVA part !

Page 58: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Operational Amplifier Naming

THS xy 01

THS=High Speed

Amplifier Type30 = Current Feedback31 = Current Feedback40 = Voltage Feedback41 = Fully Differential42 = Voltage Feedback43 = Fast Voltage Feedback45 = Fully Differential46 = Transimpedance60 = Line Receiver61 = Line Driver73 = Programmable Filters

Page 59: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Operational Amplifier Naming

TL x 278 y

Amp ClassV = Low Supply VoltageC = 5V CMOSE = Wide Supply Voltage

Channels and Shutdown Options0 = Single with Shutdown1 = Single2 = Dual3 = Dual with Shutdown4 = Quad5 = Quad with Shutdown

Page 60: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

SVA Amplifier Families Prefixes

High Precision Pure CMOSHiSpeed

Low Power up to 32VSMicro Power

High Speed to Micro Power

The last digit indicated singe/dual/quad, i.e LMC6442 is a dual

Page 61: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Where to start looking ?

61

One starting point would be the applications block diagrams in ESP

Page 62: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Block diagram example

62

Click on the op amp symbol for initial suggestions of parts for this application

Page 63: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

ESP Master Presentation

While not the definitive way of selecting the right part, the majority of op amp selections can be done by using the XY charts highlighted in the Master Presentation slide above. These will at least give a starting point to be going from.

The first step is to establish the supply voltage. 5V or less and look at the low voltage charts, above 5V and it’s the high voltage chart

The next step is to establish if possible which of the five categories is most appropriate

Page 64: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Low Voltage - Low Offset Voltage

Page 65: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Parametric search(ESP or web)

65

Or choose one of these subsets

We also have op amps from the HVAL BUThese are covered in a separate parametric search

These are the high speed op amps,Separate from the precision parts covered in this presentation

Click here to see all precision op amps

Page 66: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

The parametric search page

66

Remember that one option is to download the table to Excel and then sort and search it yourself.

Also other collateral here

Page 67: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Parametric Search – Excel download

67

Add your own filters or sorting

Page 68: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Some key op amps

68

Page 69: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Best in class products from the SVA portfolio

69

The SVA portfolio introduces some parts with a performance that TI didn’t previously have. Some of the key parts here are :-

Lowest offset voltage

LMP2021 (5uV max)

Lowest bias current

LMP7721 (3 fA typical, 20fA max guaranteed)

Lowest quiescent current

LMP521(400nA max)

Lowest noise

LME49990(0.9nV/rt Hz)

Page 70: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

EVM PART # LMP2021EVAL

Low Noise Density 11nV/rt Hz @Av=1000

Low Vos 5uV max

Low Drift TcVos 0.02uV/deg C max

EMI Hardened

Lowest Noise Auto Zero Amplifier at Av>500 Ultra low drift at 0.004uV/deg C typ EMI Hardened

Increased immunity to RFI/EMI disturbances

Precision Instrumentations Amps Battery Powered Instrumentation Thermocouple Amplifiers Bridge Amplifiers

LMP2021/2022Low Noise Zero Drift Amplifier

Page 71: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

• Ultra ultra Low Input Bias Current• 3 fA typical, 20fA max guaranteed

• Wide operating supply voltage• 1.8 to 5.5V

• Low Supply Current• 1.5mA max

• Low Vos only 180uV max• Low Noise Density

• 7nV/rt Hz

Offers precision performance at very low power Guaranteed tempco means precision over

temperature CMOS inputs great for high impedance sources

• Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers• Battery Powered Medical Instruments• High Impedance Sensors• Electrometers

LMP77213 Femptoampere Input Bias Current Precision Op Amp

EVM PART # LMP7721MAEVALMF/NOPB

Page 72: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

EVM PART 551012922-001/NOPB

• LPV511 1.2uA supply current, 2.7V to 12V operation• Rail to Rail Input and Output

• SC-70 package• LPV521 World’s Lowest supply current 400nA max

• Operates on 1.6V to 5.5V (704 uWatts @ 1.6V)• Rail to Rail Input and Output• SC-70 package

• LPV531 Programmable Isupply 5uA to 435uA• TSOT23-6 package

Microwatt Power Consumption Long Battery Life in Portable Applications Programmable supply current (LPV531) Minimum board area

• Battery powered systems• Security systems• Micropower thermostats• Solar powered systems• Portable instrumentation• Micropower filter• Remote sensor amplifier

LPV511/521/531Micropower/Nanopower Operational Amplifiers

Page 73: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

73

© 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation. Confidential.

73

© 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation. Confidential.

LME49990 Ultra Low-Distortion, Low- Noise Audio Op Amp

Voltage Noise Density

Winning Features • Extremely low 1/f noise enables

flicker free operation• Easily drives 600W loads• PSRR and CMRR exceed 100dB• Output short-circuit protectionWinning Specs• GBW 110MHz

• Slew Rate +22V/ms

• THD 0.00001%

• Input Noise 0.9nV/rtHz

• Operating Voltage + 5V to + 18V

• PSRR 144dB • CMRR 137dB

Page 74: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Three new 36V OpAmp familiesHigh precision, ultra-low noise, industry’s smallest packages

• JFET input• Ultra-low drift• Lowest noise in class• Rail-to-rail output

• For applications needing high accuracy and stability

• Ultra-low noise• 2x gain bandwidth of

closest competitor• Rail-to-rail output

• For fast, high-precision data acquisition applications

• For space-constrained industrial applications

• General purpose• SOT553: 90% smaller

than standard SOIC package

• Low power• Rail-to-rail output

Page 75: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Looking for…

General purposeOpAmp in industriessmallest package ?

OPA171

Low IBias OpAmpfor your high

impedance sensor ?OPA140

First HV ZeroDrift OpAmp

on the market ?OPA2188

Low noise OpAmpWithout burning too

much quiescent current ?OPA209

Page 76: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

• Industry’s smallest 36V Packages: •Single in SOT553, Dual in VSSOP-8

• Micropackages use >50% less board space than the larger SOT23 and MSOP packages

• Rail to Rail Output•+2.7V to +36V or ±1.35V to ±18V•High CMRR: 104dB•Low Noise: 14nV/√Hz at 1kHz

• Maximizes input voltage range for use with low voltage sensor outputs

•Versatility in design for ease of use with different supply rail systems

• Low Quiescent Current: 475μA/ch • Enables battery powered operation

• DC Precision•Offset Voltage: 1.8mV (max)•Offset Voltage Drift: 0.3µV/°C •Low Bias Current: 8pA

• Accuracy and stability over the entire industrial temperature range

• EMI/RFI Filtered Inputs • Improved noise immunity from wireless interference

• GBW: 3 MHz•Slew Rate: 1.5V/µs

• Wide Signal sources and fast response suitable to drive high performance ADCs

OPA171 / OPA2171 / OPA4171Industry’s smallest 36V Low Power RRO General Purpose Op Amp

• Tracking Amplifiers in Power Modules• Merchant Power Supplies• Transducer Amplifiers• Strain Gage Amplifier • Precision Integrator• Battery Powered Instruments

Packaging options:Single: SO-8, SOT23-5, SOT553Dual: SO-8, MSOP-8, VSSOP-8

Quad: SO-14, TSSOP-14

SOT23-53 x 3 x 1.45

VSSOP3.1 x 2 x 0.9

SOT553 1.6 x 1.6 x 0.6

(Already released / releasing in 3Q’11 )

Page 77: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Very Low Offset and Drift•Offset Voltage: 120μV (max)•Offset Drift: 1µV/°C (max)

Low Noise: 5.1nV/√Hz (1kHz)•1/f Noise: 250nVpp (0.1-10Hz)

FET Input: Ib = 10pA (max)

GBW: 11MHz•Slew Rate: 20V/μs

Wide Supply Range: •+ 4.5V to +36V or +2.25V to +18V•Low power: 2.0mA/ch

OPA140 / OPA2140 / OPA414011MHz, Precision, Low Noise, RRO, JFET Op Amp

• Sensor Signal Conditioning• Security Scanner• Photodiode Measurement• Active Filters• Medical Instrumentation

Packaging options:Single: SO-8, MSOP-8, SOT-23Dual: SO-8, MSOP-8Quad: SO-14, TSSOP-14

Guaranteed high accuracy and stability over the full industrial temperature range

Allows for high sensitivity, high resolution systems across a wide frequency range

Better matching to high impedance sources such as sensor outputs

60% lower IB than previous generation OPA132 High GBW and slew rate make it ideal for driving

16-bit ADC’s Enabling low power 5V supply systems

13% less power consumption per channel vs. competition

OPAx141 as cost down versions of this part

Page 78: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

OPA209, OPA2209, & OPA42092.2nV/√Hz, 18MHz, Precision, RRO, 36V Op Amp

• Provides a low noise solution across full operating frequency range• Ideal for fast, high precision data acquisition

applications and offering 50% wider bandwidth than the competition

• 50% lower minimum voltage supply with rail-to-rail output maximizes dynamic range and provide greater flexibility across designs as compared to the competition

• PLL Loop Filter• Low Noise, Low Power Signal Processing• High Performance ADC Driver• High Performance DAC Output Amplifier.• Active Filters• Low Noise Instrumentation Amplifiers

• Low Noise : 2.2nV/√Hz at 1kHz (max)• 1/f Noise: 130nVpp (0.1Hz – 10Hz)

• Low Offset Voltage: 150µV (max)• Gain Bandwidth: 18MHz• Slew rate: 6.4V/m s

• Wide Supply Range: ±2.25 to ±18V, • Single supply: 4.5 to 36V• Low Supply Current: 2.5mA/ch max

Packaging options:Single: SO-8, MSOP-8, SOT-23Dual: SO-8, MSOP-8Quad: TSSOP-14

Page 79: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Packaging options:Single: SO-8, MSOP-8,

SOT-23Dual: SO-8, MSOP-8Quad: SO-14, TSSOP-14

• Very Low Offset and Drift• Offset Voltage: 25µV (max)• Offset Voltage Drift: 0.085µV/°C max

• Noise Voltage: 8.8nV/√Hz• GBW : 2MHz

• Low Quiescent Current: 475μA (max)• Low Bias Current: 850pA (max)

• Supply Range: +4.0V to +36V or ±2V to ±18V• Rail to Rail Output• EMI Filtered Inputs

• Improved high accuracy and stability over the previous generation OPA277

• Offset drift 75% lower than the nearest competitor

• Allows for high sensitivity, high resolution systems across a wide frequency range

• Well suited for battery powered operation• Minimizes errors on the output due to current noise

• Flexibility in design, enabling low power 5V supply systems

• Improved Noise Immunity

• Electronic Weigh Scales• Bridge Amplifier• Strain Gauge• Automated Test Equipment• Transducer amplifier• Medical Instrumentation• Resistor Thermal Detector

(Preview / Already released / sampling, releasing in 3Q’11 )

OPA188 / OPA2188 / OPA41880.03µV/oC, 25µV Vos, 36V Zerø-DriftTM Operational Amplifier

Page 80: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

New Low voltage op amps

Page 81: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

Looking for…

16-bit ADC driver thatCombines wide bandwidth and

low distortion with very low power ?

OPA835/836

Value Line OpAmpwith best performance

for price ?OPA2314

Cost effective, low power zero drift op amp

OPA330

Page 82: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

• Economical alternative to OPA333• Low Quiescent Current:

• 25uA (typ), 35µA (max)• Low Offset Voltage: 50µV (max)• Offset Voltage Drift: 0.25µV/˚C (max)• Low Noise: 1.1 µVP-P

• Flat 1/f Noise• Bandwidth: 350kHz• Rail-to-Rail Input and Output • 1.8V to 5.5V Supply Voltage• OPA330YFF: WCSP – 1.1mm x 0.9mm, 5-ball• EMI Input Filtered

OPA330, 2330, 4330 Single, Dual, Quad, Micro-Power, Zerø-Drift Operational Amplifier

• Battery-Powered Instruments• Temperature Measurement• Precision Strain Gages• Precision Sensor Applications• Handheld Test Equipment

• Best performance/price offering on the market• 30% lower 1k price than the competition

• Low Offset and Zero-Drift Removes need for Calibration

• No noise related errors especially for near DC and low frequency sensor signal applications.

• RRIO Increases Dynamic Range• Tiny Chip-Scale Package Saves Board Space

• 60% Space Savings over an SC70 package

• Input filtering enables precision performance in a RF sensitive environment

IN+ Vs+

Vs-

OUTIN-

OPA330YFFWCSP-5, 0.4mm ball pitch

(Top-View)

A1

A3 C3

C1

B2

1.1m

m

0.9mm

Page 83: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

OPA835/ OPA2835 Ultra Low Power, RRO, Negative rail in, VFB

• Ultra Low Power– Iq: 250µA/ch, Power-Down: <1uA– +2.5V to +5V Single Supply

• Bandwidth: 56 MHz• Slew Rate: 160 V/μs• HD2: -105dBc &HD3: -122dBc@100kHz• Input Voltage Noise: 9.3nV/rtHz• RRO – Rail-to-Rail Output• Negative Rail Input• Power-Down Capability: <1μA • Single and Dual

– Standard packaging– Advanced packaging with integrated resistors

for smallest footprint (≈ 2mm x 2mm)

• Low Power Signal Conditioning• Low Power SAR and ΔΣ ADC Driver• Portable Systems• Low Power Systems• High Density Systems

• Flexible supply for power sensitive applications• Exceptional performance at very low power• Increased dynamic range / sensitivity• Low signal distortion• Larger outputs in low voltage applications• Integrated gain setting resistors enables

• smallest footprint on PCB • High Density• Flexibility

EVMSamples AvailableEVMs Available

1

3

2 5

VOUT

VIN-VIN+

6

VS-

VS+

4

PD

Gains of: +1, -1, +2, -3, +4, -4, +5, -7, +8 Non-integer Gains + Attenuation

OPA835 – RUNOPA835 – SOT23

Packages availableSingle: SOT23-6Single: WQFN -10 (RUN)Dual: SOIC-8 Dual: VSSOP-10

Page 84: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

OPA836/ OPA2836 Ultra Low Power, RRO, Negative rail in, VFB

• Very Low Power– Iq: 1mA/ch, Power-Down: <1uA– +2.5V to +5V Single Supply

• Bandwidth: 205 MHz• Slew Rate: 560 V/μs• HD2: -120dBc &HD3: -130dBc@100kHz• Input Voltage Noise: 4.2nV/rtHz• Vos : 1.08mV (max); Vos drift: 1.1uV/C (typ)• RRO – Rail-to-Rail Output• Negative Rail Input• Single and Dual

– Standard packaging– Advanced packaging with integrated resistors

for smallest footprint (≈ 2mm x 2mm)

• Low Power Signal Conditioning• Low Power SAR and ΔΣ ADC Driver• Portable Systems• Low Power Systems• High Density Systems

• Flexible supply for power sensitive applications• Exceptional performance at very low power• Increased dynamic range / sensitivity• Low signal distortion• Larger outputs in low voltage applications• Integrated gain setting resistors enables

• smallest footprint on PCB • High Density• Flexibility

EVM

Samples AvailableEVMs Available

1

3

2 5

VOUT

VIN-VIN+

6

VS-

VS+

4

PD

Gains of: +1, -1, +2, -3, +4, -4, +5, -7, +8 Non-integer Gains + Attenuation

OPA836 – RUNOPA836 – SOT23

Singles RTM with Duals sampling!

Packages availableSingle: SOT23-6Single: WQFN -10 (RUN)Dual: SOIC-8 Dual: VSSOP-10

Page 85: Selecting the right op amp – Understanding the specifications and navigating through the minefield of products 1 Bob Lee, lee_bob@ti.com, +44 7718 585.

OPA314 / OPA2314 / OPA4314Low Cost, 3MHz, 180uA, RRIO CMOS Amplifier

Package Options:Single: SC70-5, SOT23-5Dual: MSOP-8, SO-8, DFN-8 Quad: TSSOP-14

•Best combination of Power and Performance•Low quiescent current: 180µA/ch max •Low Noise: 16nV/√Hz•Input offset voltage: 2.5mV max.

•Rail-to-Rail I/O•Supply voltage: 1.8V to 5.5V•EMI/RFI Input Filter

•GBW: 3MHz•Input bias current: 0.2pA

• Very low noise at low power is ideal for low-level signal amplifications while maintaining high Signal-to-Noise ratio

• RRIO maximizes input dynamic range with full use of single supply range

• High gain bandwidth for fast pulse response• Low input bias current for high source impedance

applications

• CO/Smoke detectors▪ Photodiode Amplifier▪ Sensor Signal Conditioning• Low-Side Current Sense• Portable Medical and Instrumentation

(Preview / Already released / sampling, releasing in 3Q’11 )