Select Word-List from Manorial Records(Revised with additions, August 2004)

All words and phrases in this word-list have been found in a manorial record. Ofcourse, any one court will have a much more limited vocabulary. The wordsrecorded here illustrate both the diversity of business within an apparent uniformityof manorial procedures and regional and temporal variations of farming practicesand tenurial arrangements. This word-list, although it does include material fromextents and manorial accounts, is not complete nor does it include all the numerousvariations in spelling common in post classical Latin, for which one should consultR.E. Latham The Revised Medieval Latin Word-List (1965). The compiler wouldwelcome authenticated additions to this list.

Readers are welcome to download and/or print this list for their personalresearch. All intellectual property-rights in this material reserved to thecompiler.

Christopher HarrisonDepartment of HistorySchool of HumanitiesUniversity of KeeleStaffordshireST5 5BG

email: hia04@keele.ac.uk

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a; ab (prep. with abl.) – from; byabbas, -atis (m) – abbotabbatia, -ie (f) – abbeyabbuttare (1) – to adjoin, border on, abutabcariare (1) – to carry awayabduco, -ere, -duxi, -ductum (3) – to remove, drive off, lead away [often used of

`rescuing' animals]adiacens, -entis (adj.) – adjacent toabjurare (1) – to abjure, renounce by oath (leg.)abradicare (1) – to tear outabsque (prep. with abl.) – withoutac (conj.) – andacer also ascer – steeling [of iron tools, by welding steel to cutting edge]accido, -ere, accidi (3) – to occur, happen, fall dueaccio, -ionis (f) – action (leg.)

vel fiat accio – or let action be broughtaccipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum (3) – to take possesion of; to receiveacra, -e (f) – an acre [There were four roods (rode) to an acre]ad (prep. with acc.) – towards, at, for, toadhuc (adv. of time) – still, thus far, yet, besides, in additionadducere (3) – to lead toadiacens, -entis (adj.) – bordering on, adjacent toadiaceo, -ere, -ui, -itum – to adjoinadjudicare (1) – to adjudgeadmerciare (1) – to amerce [Rare]admissio, -ionis (f.) – admission [to a holding]admitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3) – to admit [to a holding]; to acknowledgeadventus, -us (m) – Advent; court appearanceadversus (adv. & prep.) – opposite, against, towardsafferator, -oris (m) also affirmator – affeerer, assessor (leg.)affero, affere attuli, allatum (3) – to affeer; to bringaffraia, -e (f) – an affray or assault

affraiam fecit leviter – he slightly assaulted; he made a little affray onaffrus, -i (m) – farm horse; oxagistamentum, -i (n) – agistment of pastuage; dues paid for pasturageagistatus, -a, -um (adj.) – put out to pastureagreamentum, -i (n) – agreementagnus, -i (m) – a lambalbanarius, -i (m) also albanus – servile tenant of one lord who has taken up

abode on land of another lord [Durham]ago, -ere, egi, actum – to doalias (adv.) – at another time; elsewhere; otherwise; aliasalienare (1) – to alienate; to transfer [land]alienatio, -ionis (f) – transfer, alienation (of land)aliquando (adv.) – at some time; at any timealiquis, aliquid (pron.) – anyone, anythingaliter (adv.) – otherwisealius, alia, aliud (pron. & adj.) – another; otherallecia, -ie (f) also alleca and allecium – herringalter, altera, alterum (adj.) – one of two; the other (of two)

ex altera parte – on the other sidealternatim (adv.) – alternately, interchangeablyaltus, -a -um (adj.) – high

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ambo (adv.) – bothambulatorium, -i (n) – covered walk; bowling alleyamerciamentum, -i (n.) – amercement [i.e. financial penalty established by the court

(leg.)]amerciare (1) – to amerce (leg.) [Rare]amplius (adj. & adv.) – besides; further; moreamputare (1) – to lop, cut offanatula, -e (f) also anaticula – young duck, ducklingAnglia -e (f) – EnglandAnglicanus, -a, um (adj.) – EnglishAnglice (adv.) – in English [Often used when the scribe didn't know the Latin

equivalent of an English word or to translate a rare Latin word]animal, -e (n) – animalannalis, -e – yearling (beast)annexare (1) – to annex; to attach to (as of a seal)annualis, -e (adj.) – annualannuatim (adv.) – annuallyannus, -i (m) – a yearAnnunciatio, -ionis (f) – The Annunciation

Annunciatio beatis virginis Marie – Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Maryannuus, -a, -um (adj.) – annuallyanquilla, -e (f) – eelanser, -eris (m) – gander or gooseante (prep. with acc.) – before

ante manum – beforehandantea (adv.) – formerly

in antea – henceforth; for the futureantedictus, -a, -um (adj.) – aforesaidantiquus, -a, -um (adj.) – ancient; old

ab antiquo tempore – from ancient timesanulus, -i (m) – pig-ringanulatus, -a, um (adj.) – ringed (of pigs)aper, apri (m) – a boaraperio, -ire, -ui, -tum – to open upapparentia, -ie (f) – appearance in court (leg.)appareo, -ere, -ui (2) – to appear in court (leg.)appellare (1) – to appeal; to accuse (leg.)appendo, -ere, -pendi, -pensum – to appendappreciare (1) – to appraise, to valueappunctare (1) – to appoint; prescribeapud (prep. with acc) – at, near, by, to, towardsaqua, -e (f) – wateraquare (1) – to soak

aquavit canabum – he soaked hemparabilis, -e (also arrabalis) (adj.) – arablearare (1) also arrare – to plougharatrum, -i (n) – plough; plough-landarbor, -oris (f) – tree

arbor spinalis – hawthornarcus, -us (m) – a bowaretro (adv.) – in arrearsarmiger, -eri (m) – armiger; esquire [One entitled to bear arms]arreragium, -ii (n) – arrears (of rent)articulus, -i (m) – article, clause

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asportare (1) – to carry awayassartum, -i (n) also essartum – an assart [a clearing in a forest or other `waste']assensus, -us (m) – agreement; assent

ex eorum assensu – by their agreementassignare (1) – to appoint; to assignassignatus, -i (m) – an assign or assigneeassisa, -e (f) – assize; action or claim

assisa panis et cervisie – assize of bread and aleassisus, -a, -um (pat. part.) – fixedAssumpcio, -ionis (f) – the Assumptionastrum, -i (n) – hearthatque (conj.) – andattachiare (1) – to attach (leg.)attachiamentum, -i (n) – an attachment (leg.)attornare (1) – to attorn; to depute someone to act as an attorney (leg.)attornatus, -i (m); also attornator, -oris (m) – an attorney [Someone, not

necessarily a lawyer, who stands in for someone else in a legal transaction]auca, -e (f) – gooseaucarius, -i (m) – gooseherdaucerola, -e (f) also aucula – goslingaudio, audire, audivi, auditum (4) – to hearaula, -e (f) – hall; house; room

aula placitorum – court-houseaustralis, -e (adj.) – southernaut (conj.) – or

aut ... aut – either ... orautem (conj.) – but; however; thereforeautumpnus, -i (m) – autumn [sometimes used as a synonym for harvest time]ava, -e (f) – grandmotheravalatio, -ionis (f) – migration of eelsavantagium, -ii (n) – profitavena, -e (f) – oatsaveragium, -ii (n) – carriage serviceaverare (1) – to perform carrying serviceaverium, -ii (n) – cattle [Usually found in the plural e.g. averia]avrus, -i (m) also averus, -i (m) – farmhorse or oxavus, -i (m) – grandfather

bacium, -ii (n) also basium – harness or horse trappings; pack-saddlebaco, -onis – flitch of baconbaculum, -i (m) also baculus, -i (m) – stickballivus, -i (m) also baillivus; ballius – a bailiff

curia ballivis – bailiff's court [Not known legally yet existed at Wotton in 1380]baro, -onis (m) – baron

curia baronis – court baronbarrator, -oris (m); barratrix, -ices (f) – one who brings vexatious actions in court

(leg.)barrator, -oris (m) also barretor – a disturbancebassus, -a, -um (adj.) – lowbator, -oris (m) – thresherbatura, -e (f) – assault; batterybeatus, -a, -um (adj.) – blessedbene (adv.) – rightly, well, trulybera, -e (f) – beer

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bercaria, -ie (f) – a sheepfoldbercarius, -ii (m) – shepherd; sheepfoldbidens, -entis (f.) – sheepbiga, -e – cartbigarius, -ii (m) – carterbini et bini (adv.) – two and twobis (adv.) – twicebladum, -i (n) – corn or cornfieldbona, -orum (n.pl.) – goods, income, revenuebonus, -a, -um (adj.) – goodbordarius, -ii (m) also but more rarely bondarius and bondus – borderer, bordar,

servile tenantborealis, -e, (adj.) also borialis – northern, northborialiter (adv.) – on the northbos, bovis (m) – a bull; an ox

domus bovili – cattleshedbosca, -e (f) – a wood; firewoodboscus, -i (m) also boccus & boccum – a wood; woodlandbotha, -e (f) – booth, stallbovaria, -e (f) – a bovate [a measure of land]boverium, -ii (n) – cattle-shedbovettus, -i (m) – bullockboviculla, -e (f) – heifferboviculus, -i (m) – bullockbraciare (1) also brasiare – to brewbraciata, -us -um – maltedbrasiator, -oris (m) – brewerbraseum, -ei (n) & brassium, -ii (n) – maltbreve, -is (n) – writ (leg.)brevis, -e (adj.) – short

infra breve – in a short whilebruera, -e (f); brueria, -ie (f); bruerium, -ii (n); – heath, heathlandbulla, -e (f) – sealbunda, -e (f) – boundaryburgagium, -ii (n) – burgage tenement [i.e. a tenement in a town]burgensis, -is (m) – burgessburgus, -i (m) – borough, townbussellus, -i (m) – bushell [a cubic measure]butta, -e (f) – butt of landbuttyrum, -i (n) – butter

cadaverator, -oris (m) - man engaged to collect and bury corpses of animals dead ofthe murrain

calabs, -is (m) – steelcalebius, -a, -um (adj.) – made of steelcalumniare (1) also calumpniare (1) – to challenge (in a court of law); to claim land

(leg.)camera, -e (f) – room, chambercampus, -i (m) – field

campus communis – common fieldcampus in blado – cornfieldcampus seminatus – sown field

canillum, i (n) – dog-kennelcanis, -is (m) – a dog

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cannabum, -i (n) also canabum and canabis – hempcapellanus, -i (m) – chantry priest; chaplaincapio, -ere, cepi, captum (3) – to take, to hold (a court), to seize etc.capistra, -e (f) also capistrum, -i (n) – haltercapitalis, -e (adj) – chiefcapo, -onis (m) – caponcaput, capitis (n) – head

prout patet in capite – as appears above his namecarbo, -onis (m) – coal, sea-coal [Note: in C16 English `coal' means `charcoal'.]carbonarius, -i (m) – charcoal-makercarca, -e (f) also carcum – load, cargocarcacio, -ionis – carriage; freightcarcer, -eris (m) – prisoncarcosium, -ii (n) – hide [animal skin]carecta, -e (f) also carrata; carectata – a cart; a cartloadcarectarius, -ii (m) – cartercariagium, -ii (n) – carriagecariare (1) – to carrycarnaliter (adv.) – carnallycarnifex, -icis (m) – butchercarniprivium, -ii (n) also carnis privium – the beginning of Lentcarpentarius, -ii (m) – carpentercaro, carnis (f) – flesh, meatcarruca, -e (f) also caruca – plough; ploughman; carrucate [a unit of land-tax

assessment]carruca juncta – plough-team;

carta, -e (f) – charter, deed (leg.)caseus, -i (m) – cheesecasus, -us (m) – case, suit (leg.)catellum, -i (n) – cattle; chattelcausa, -e (f) – cause (leg.)cecta, -e (f) also secta – suit of court (leg.)celdra, -e (f) also caldarium – chalder (dry measure of grain usually)cementarius, -i (m) – masoncena, -e (f) – dinnercentum (indecl.) – hundred

centum majus – greater hundred, long hundred i.e. 120centum minus – lesser hundred i.e. 100

cepes, -is (f) – hedge or fencecera, -e (f) – waxcertiorare (1) to inform, notify, show (leg.)certus, -a, -um (adj.) – fixed, certaincertum, -i (n) – `head-silver' [payment in lieu of reading roll of suitors at view of

frankpledge]cervisia, -e (f) – beerceteri, -e, -a (pl.) – the others, the restchevagium, -ii (n) – capitation payment, poll-tax (due annually)cibum, -i (n) – foodcippus, -i (m) – tree-stump; in the plural it meant a set of stockscirca (adv. & prep. with acc.) – about, around, near to, nearlycirciter (adv.) – about; not far fromcircumquaque (adv.) – on all sidescissera, -e (f) also sicera – cidercitare (1) – to cite or summon (leg.)

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citra (adv. & prep. with acc.) – since; on this side; apart from, except; beforeclaia, -e (f) also cleia & clata – hurdleclamare (1) – to claim (leg.)

clamare quietum – to quitclaim (leg.)clameum, -ei (n) – claim (leg.)clamor, -oris (n) – claim (leg.); complaint; clamourclarus, -a, -um (adj.) – clear, net [of accounts]claudo, -ere, clausi, clausum (3) – to enclose; to close

claudere diem extremum – to dieclausum, -i (n) – close, enclosureclausura, -e (f) – enclosure; enclosed fieldclava, -e (f), clavis, -is (f) – keyclavus, -i (m) – nailclericus, -i (m) – clerk [used of someone in holy orders but not necessarily a priest]cluttum, -i (n) – iron `clout'cognomen, -inis (n) – name; nicknamecognosco, -ere, -gnovi, cognitum (3) – to know, acknowledge, admitcohabitare (1) – to live withcollector, -oris (m) – collectorcolligo, -ere, -legi, -lectum (3) – to collect, gathercollistrigium, -ii (n) – pillory; tumbrel; cuckingstool [when applied to women]columbare, -is (n) also columbarium, -i (n) – dove-cotcolumbella, -e (f) columbellus, -i (m) – dove; pigeoncomburo, -ere, bussi, -bustum (3) – to burn; to burn limecomes, -itis (m) – earlcomitatus, -us (m) – county; earldom; county courtcommodum, -i (n) – profitcommunarius, -i (m) – commoner [one having rights of common]commune, -is (n) – common land; common rights

de communis – of common [suit]communis, -e (adj) – common

communis objurgatrix – common scoldcommunis parva latruncula – petty larcener; petty thief

communiter (adv.) – commonlycomparatio, -ionis (f) – appearance (in court) (leg.)compareo, -ere, -parui – to be present; to appear in court (leg.)

compertum est – it was (is) found (by the court)compos, -otis (adj.) – in the possession ofcompositio, -ionis (f); composicio – composition; payment in lieu of obligation

pro compositone – by way of compositioncompotus -i (m); computus – account; auditconcedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum (3) – to grant, allow (leg.); to go from; to withdraw

ideo cessit processus – therefore the law-suit has ceasedconcelamentum, -i (n) – concealment (leg.)concelare (1) also concellare – to concealconcernare (1) – to concern, have regard to; to consider, perceiveconcordor, -ari, -atus sum (dep.) – to come to terms; to agree with (leg.)

pro licencia concordandi – for licence to agreeper licentiam concordati sunt – they have agreed by permission [of the court]

concubina, -e (f) – concubineconculare (1) – to tramble. to tread uponcondonare (1) – to grant; to remit, excuse, pardonconducere (3) – to assemble, gather; to hireconductio, -ionis (f) – a meeting

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confessor, -oris (m) – confessorconfirmare (1) – to confirm (leg.)congrue (adv.) – fitly, agreeablyconjunctim (adv.) – jointlyconlibet – it pleases; it is agreeableconquerens, -entis (m,f) – plaintiff (leg.)consanquinia, -ie (f) – kinswomanconsensus, -us (m) – agreementconsidare (1) – to give judgement (leg.)

consideratum est – it is (was) decidedconstabularius, -ii (m) – constableconsuetudo, -inis (f) – custom; usage

secundum consuetudinem manerii – according to the custom of the manorde consuetudine – in accordance with custom

consuetus, -a, -um (adj.) – accustomedde iure consueta – lawfully accustomed

contingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum (3) – to border on; to abuttcontra (adv. & prep. with acc.) – against; contrary to; before (of time)

contra plebicitum vicinorum – contrary to the byelaw of [made by] neighbourscontra consuetudinem manerij – contrary to the custom of the manorcontra proximam – by the next [court]

contraversia, -e (f) – controversy; disputeconventionare (1) – to agreeconventio, -ionis (f) – agreement

ex conventione – by agreementconversatio, -ionis (f) – `conversation'; manner of living; mode of behaviour

de male conversacionis – of evil behaviour [usually used of (single) women andimplying sexual misbehaviour]

cooperio, -eri, -perui, -pertum – to cover; to roofcoopertorium, -ii (n) – roof; roofingcooptura, -e (f) – roofing; coveringcopia, -e (f) – copy (leg.)

copia rotulorum curie – copy of the court rollsper copiam – by copy [of court roll]

coquina -e (f) – kitchencoram (adv. & prep. with abl. or acc.) – in the presence of; beforecornagium, -ii (n) – cornage (rent paid for grazing rights in Durham, Northumberland,

Cumberland & Westmoreland)corredium, -ii (n) also corrodium – in manorial records usually means food and/or

drink allowance given to peasants performing certain services.corrigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum (3) – to correct, amendcorrium, -ii (n) also correum – hidecorvus, -i (m) – a crow or ravencotagium, -ii (n) – cottagecrastinum, -i (n) – the morrow

in crastino (+ gen.) – on the morrow (of)crescens, -entis (adj) – growingcrofta, -e (f) also croftum, -i (n) – a croftcrofta, -e (f) – croftcrux, crucis (f) – crossculpabilis, -e (adj.) – guilty (leg.)cultellus, -i (m) – a knifecultura, -e (f) – a furlong; a strip of cultivated i.e. ploughed landcum (conj.) – when; since; whereas

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cum (prep. with abl.) – withcumulus, -i (m) – measure of grain, cheese or plastercunstabularius, -e (m) – constable [annually elected officer]curia, -e (f) – court

curia ballivis – bailiff's court [Not known legally yet existed at Wotton in 1380]curia baronis – court baroncuria customaria – customary courtcuria Christianitatis – church courtcuria generalis – court general [usually meaning a court leet]curia legalis – manor court; law-day courtcuria leta – court leetcuria magna – great court [usually meaning a court leet]curia prima – first court [usually the first court of a new lord]parva curia – small court

curro, -ere, cucurri, cursum (3) – to flow, runcurtilagium, -ii (n) – curtilage, yard or enclosure next to a dwellingcustos, -odis (m) – keeper

apium custos – bee-keepercustos averiorum – keeper of the stockcustos camporum – keeper of the fields

custumarius, -a, -um (adj.) – customarycustumarius tenens – customary tenant

custumarius, -ii (m) – customary tenantcuva, -e (f) – tub, vat, bowl

daeria, -e (f) – dairydama, -e (f) – a doedamnum, -i (n) also dampnum – loss; damagedamus, -i (m) – a buckdatus, -a, -um (past part.) – given; datedde (prep. with abl.) – of, from, as, regards, concerning

de cetero – in the futurede consuetudine – in accordance with customde consensu – with the consent ofde dono or ex dono – as a giftde jure – lawfullyde iure consueta – lawfully accustomedde novo – newlyde plano – summarilyde prope – near

debeo (2) – to owedebiter (adv.) – dulydebitus, -a, -um (past. part.) – owed, duedebitum, -i (n) – a debtdecem (indeclinable) – tendecenna, -e (f); dicena; disena; dissena – tithing (leg.)decennarius, -ii (m) also decenarius – tithingman (leg.)decima, -e (f) – tithedecimus, -a, -um (adj.) – tenthdecollare (1) – to lop (the tops of trees)decollatio, -onis (f) – beheadingdefalta, -e (f) – default (leg.)defamare (1) – to defame; to accuse (leg.)defamatio, -ionis (f) – defamation (leg.)

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defectus, -us (m) – default (leg.)defendens, -entis (m,f) – defendant (leg.)defensor, -oris (m) – defendant (leg.)deficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum – to default (leg.)deforciare (1) – to deforce (leg.)deforciator, -oris (m) – deforciant, illegal occupant (leg.)defunctus, -a, -um (past part.) – deceased, deaddeinceps (adv.) – nextdeinde (adv) – then, next, thereafterdeliberare (1) – to deliverdemandare (1) – to claim, demanddemitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3) – to demise [i.e. pass land to]denarius, -ii (m) – a penny

cum denariis suis – with his own money, [i.e. at his own cost]deparcacio, -ionis (f) – pound-breaking (leg.)deparcare (1) – to break pound [i.e. to take animals out of the pound]depono, -ere, -posui, -positum (3) – to depose, to state as evidence (leg.)deputare (1) – to appoint; to deputedescendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3) – to descend (of property); to go downdestruo, -ere, -struxi, -structum (3) – to destroydetinere (2) – to detaindeus, -i (m) – Goddexter, -tra, -trum (adj.) – right (as opposed to left)dico, -ere, dixi, dictum (3) – to say; to declare formallydictus, -a, -um (adj.) – said; calleddies, diei (m) – (1) day for appearance in court (leg.) [see habere below]

(2) day [Whilst dies changes case according to its position in a sentence, thequalifying word retains its genitive form at all times.]dies dominica – Sundaydies paschalis – Easter Sundaydies lune – Mondaydies Martis – Tuesdaydies Mercurij – Wednesdaydies Iovis – Thursdaydies Iovis absolutionis – Maundy Thursdaydies Veneris – Fridaydies veneris sanctus – Good Fridaydies Sabbati – Saturdayquo die – on which day

dieta, -e (f) – a diet i.e. a measure of land; a day's work on the landdifficilis, -e (adj.) – difficultdilectus, -a, -um (adj.) – beloveddimidia, -e (f) – halfdimidius, -a, -um (adj) – halfdimissio, -ionis (f) – a demise; a handing over [usually of land] (leg.)dimitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3) – to demise (leg.)discedere also descedere – to leave, departdispergo, -ere, -si, -sus – to disperse, scatterdisseisare (1) – to lease, disseise (leg.)disseisina, -e (f) – disseisin (leg.)districtio, -ionis (f) – a distraint (leg.)distringere (3) – to distrain (leg.)

distringatur – he should be distraineddistructio, -ionis (f) – damage, destruction

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diu (adv.) – for a long time, long sincediutissime (adv.) – longestdiutius (adv.) – longerdiversus, -a, -um (adj.) – variousdivisa, -e (f) – boundary; boundary markdivisim (adv.) – separatelydo, dare, dedi, datum (1) – to give or grant

dare in manu – to pledge (leg.)dola, -e (f) – dole or sharedomina, -e (f) – ladydominica, -e (f) – Sundaydominicalis, -e (adj.) – demesnedominium, -i (n) also dominicum, -i (n) – demesne (land)dominus, -i (m) – lorddomus, -us (f) – housedonarium, -ii (n) – gift or grantdonum, -i (n) – gift

de dono – as a giftex dono – as a gift

dorsum, -i (n) also dorsus, -i (m) – the back (of a beast of burden); also used todescribe the back or rough side of parchment.

dos, dotis (f) – dowry; widow's dowerdotare (1) – to dower; to endowdotarium, -ii (n) -widow's dowerdragium, -ii (n) – dredge [mixture of barley and oats]drengus, -i (m) – dreng (servile tenant of old kingdom of Northumbria) (leg.)dringagium, -ii (n) – drengage-tenure (see above) (leg.)duco, -ere, duxi, ductum (3) – to lead

ducens – leading (to)duodecimus, -a, -um (adj.) – twelfth

duodecimi – the Twelve [i.e. the jury] (leg.)dum (conj.) – whilst, until; provided that (with subj.)dumus, -i (m) – thorn-bush, brambledurare (1) – to last, extend

durante minore etate – during [their] minoritydurus, -a, -um (adj.) – harddux, ducis (m) – duke

ecclesia, -e (f) – churcheciam – also (see etiam)ed (for et) – andedificare (1) – to buildedificium, -ii (n) – buildingebdomada, -e (f) also hebdomoda – week; weekly dutyeffodio, -ire, -fodi, -fossum – to digeffusio, -ionis (f) – shedding

effusio sanquinis – blood sheddingelapsus, -a, -um (adj.) – past, elapsedeligo, -ere, -legi, -lectum (3) – to elect; to chooseemendare (1) – to pay a fine; to compensate; to repairemitto, -ere, -misi, -misum (3) – to publish an order (leg.)emo, emere, emi, emptum (3) – to buyenim (conj.) for; in facteo, ire, ivi, itum (4) – to go

12

episcopus, -i (m) – bishopequa, -e (f) – mareequalis, -e (adj.) equalequaliter (adv.) – equally, in equal partsequus, -i (m) – horse

equus scabiosus – mangey horseeradicare (1) – to dig-up, uprooterga (prep. with acc.) – towardserigo, -ere, erexi, erectum – to erect or builderronice (adv.) – in error; wronglyescaeta, -e (f) also escheta – escheat (leg.)escambiare (1) – to exchangeescambium. -ii (n) also excambium – exchangeescurare (1) excurare (1) – to scour out [usually of a ditch or drain]escuratio, -ionis (f) – scouring out [of a ditch]esperverium, -ii (n); espervarius, -ii (m) – sparrowesse – to beessiamentum, -i (n) – easementessonia, -ie (f) – essoin (leg.)essoniare (1) – to essoin (leg.)estas, -atis (f) – summer; the summer seasonestavalis, -e (adj.) – summerestovarium, -ii (n) – an estover [an allowance of wood not timber]et (conj.) – and

et ... et – both ... andetas, -atis (f) also aetas – age; summer, summer seasonetiam also eciam (conj.) – also, furthermore, evenevellere (2) – to pluck or take [wood from hedges]ex (prep. with abl.) – from; out of; as a result of; according to

ex antiquo – of oldex dono – as a giftex nunc – hereafterex quo – since, insomuch asex tunc – thereafter

exactio, -ionis (f) – charge, accusation (leg.)excavare (1) – to dig out, excavateexcessive – excessivley; over-pricedexellentissimus, -a, -um (adj.) – most excellentexeo, -ire, -ivi, -itum – to issue fromexiens, exuentis – issuing from (pres. part. of exire)exigo, -ere, exegi, exactum – to demandexitus, -us (m) – profits; revenue; issuesexoneratio, -ionis (f) – discharge (leg.)explorare (1) – to snoop

explorans – snooping [into]extendens, -entis (adj.) – extendingextenta, -e (f) – an extent or surveyextra (adv. & prep. with acc.) – without, on the outside, beyond, besidesextracta, -e – estreat (leg.)extraho, -ere, extraxi, extractum (3) – to copy

extrahere sanquinem – to draw blood; to woundextrahura, -e (f) – a stray or estray [Only used of domestic and farm animals.]extraneus, -a, -um (adj.) – stranger, foreignextraneus, -i (m) – a stranger

13

ewangelista, -e (m) – evangelist

faber, fabri (m) – smithfabrateria, -e (f) – smithyfabrica, -e (f) – forgefacio, -ere, feci, factum (3) – to do, make, act

facere affraiam – to make an affray on; to assualtfacere forstallum super – to take cattle (from the pound)facere pro – to give a verdict in favour of (leg.)

facilis, -e (adj.) – easyfalcabilis, -e (adj.) – fit to mowfalcare (1) – to mowfalcatio, -ionis (f) – mowing; scythingfalso (adv.) – falslyfalda. -e (f) – foldyardfalx, falcis (f) – a scythefamare (1) – to defamefamilia, -e (f) – householdfamulus, -i (m) – (household) servant; farm-servantfaragina, -e (f) – strawfarina, -e (f) – flourfemina, -e (f) – woman; wifefensura, -e (f) – fencefenum, -i (n) – hayfeodotalis, -is (f) – fealty, feudal service (leg.)feodum, -i (n) – fee (leg.)feoffare (1) – to enfeoff (leg.)fera, -e (f) – beast of the chaseferculum, -i (n) – a dish or course in a meal; barrowfero, feronis (f) – ferret [Invented word found in Bandon court roll, 1511]ferrum, -i (n) – ironfestum, -i (n) – feast or festivalfidelis, -e (adj.) – faithfulfidelitas, -atis (f) – fealty (leg.)

et fecit domino fidelitatem – and did fealty to the lordfideliter (adv.) – faithfullyfides, fidei (f) – faith; fealty

fidei defensoris – defender of the faith [in the genitive]figere (3) – to drive (cattle)filia, -a (f) – daughterfimum, -i (n) – dung, manurefilius, -ii (m) – sonfinalis, -e (adj.) – finalfinis, -is (m) – fine; entry fine (leg.)

de fine pro ingressu – as entry finecum finibus et amerciamentis – with fines and amercements

finum, -i (n) – hayfirma, -e (f) – farm (leg.); fixed payment; rentfirmarius, -ii (m) – farmer (leg.)fodio, -ere, fodi, fossum (3) – to digfons, fontis (m) – spring; fountainforagium, -ii (m) – fodder; forageforinsecus (adv.) – foreign, external, on the outsideforinsecus, -a, -um (adj.) – forinsec, external, foreign, additional (leg.)

14

foris (adv.) – in public; out of doorsforisfacere (3) – to forfeit (leg.)forisfactum, -i (n) also forisfactura, -e (f) – forfeiture; penalty (leg.)forstallum, i (n) –

(1) forestalling the market(2) recovering impounded cattle (see facere)

fossa, -e (f) – dike; embankment; ditchfossare (1) – to trenchfossator, -oris (m) – ditcherfossatus, -i (m) also fossatum, -i (n) – a ditchfovea, -e (f) – a ditch or dyke; small pitfovere – to nourish; to keep warm; to warm by sexual activityfractio sepes – hedge-breaking i.e. taking wood from hedgesFrancia, -e (f) – Francefranciplegius, -ii (m) – frankpledgefrancus, -a, -um (adj) – freefrango, -ere, fregi, fractum (3) – to breakfrater, fratris (m) – brotherfraxcinus, -i (m) – ash-treefriscus, i (m) also fruscus, frissus – fallow (land)frumentum, -i (n) – cornfugare (1) – to drive cattle; to huntfugator, -oris (m) – droverfundare (1) – to lay the bottom [of a road]furor, -atus, -ari (dep.) – to steal; pilferfurca, -e (f) – fork

furce judiciales – gallowsfurnacium, -i (n) – furnace; ovenfusillus, -i (m) – spindlefusus, -i (m) spindle

gabella, -e (f) – (customary) rentgalerus, -i (m) – hatgallina, -e (f) – hengallinarium, -ii (n) – hen-housegarba, -e (f) – sheaf of corngardianus, -i; gardianus ecclesie (m) – churchwardengardinum, -i (n) – gardengarrulator, -oris (m); – a contentious person; a scoldgarrulatrix, -ices (f) – chatterer; scoldgaudeo, -eri, -gavisus sum (2 semi-depon.) – to possess, use, enjoy the use ofgeneralis, -e (adj.) – generalgenerosus, -i (m) – gentleman [not quite an armiger q.v.]gercia, -e (f) – yearling ewegersuma, -e (f) – a gersum or gressum [a customary payment] (leg.)gersumare (1) – to pay a gersumgestrum, -i (n) – daggerglandia, -arum (f & pl.) – acornsglobus, -i (m) – globe [in the plural `bowls']gramen, -inis (n) – pasture, pasturagegraminellus, -i (m) – little meadowgranarium, -ii (n) – granarygrangia, -e (f) – grange

grangia decimalis – tithe-barn

15

granum, -i (n) – graingratia, -e (f) – grace; favour

dei gratia – by the grace of godex gratia – by grace

grator (1, depon.) – to acknowledge (leg.)gravamen, -inis (n) – accusation, grievance (leg.)gravis, -e (adj.) – grievousgrecia, -us, um (adj.) – greygrex, gregis (m) – flock; herd, drove; swarmgrossus, -a, -um (adj.) – largegubanatrix, -ices (f) – scold; bossy womanguilda, -e (f) – gildgula, -e (f) – throat; gulley; water-course

gula Augusti – Lammas Day (1 August)gurges, -itis (m) – weir

habere (2) – to havehabere diem – to have day; to have notice (leg.)habendum et tenendum (+ dat.) – to have and to hold (leg.)

haia, -e (f) also haya– a hay [legal division of a forest or clearing in a forest]; a hedge[term used in the west of England]

halmotus, i (m) – halmote; manor courthebdomada, -e (f) also ebdomoda – week; weekly dutyherbagium, -ii (n) – pasture; right to pasturehercia, -e (f) – a harrowherciare (1) – to harrowherciator, -oris (m) – harrowerhereditamentum, -i (n) – hereditament i.e. both the land and rights in that land (leg.)hereditarius, -a, -um (adj.) – hereditaryhereditario, -ionis (f) – inheritanceheres, heredis (m,f) – heir, heiressherietum, -i (n) also harietum, -i (n) – heriot [A death duty usually in the form of

best beast or chattell.] (leg.)Hibernia, -e (f) – Irelandhida, -e (f) – a hide (of land) (leg.)hiemalis, -e (adj.) – winterhiems, hiemis (f) – winterhinc (adv.) – hence

hinc inde – hereuponhogasterus, -i (m) also hoggus & hogrus – hog or hoggethomagium, -ii (n) – homage; jury (leg.)homo, hominis (m) – manhonestus, -a, -um (adj.) – honesthonor, -oris (m) – honour [feudal estate]hora, -e (f) – hourhorreum, -ei (n) also orreum – granary; barnhospitere (3) – to entertain or give hospitality to; to keep a whorehouse; to keep an

alehousehospitium, -ii (n) – hospital; guest-house; lodging-househostilamenta (n. pl.) – household goodshumitorium, -i (n) – tanning yardhundredum, -i (n) – the Hundred or Hundred court (leg.)hussus, -i (m) – hollyhurtardus, -i (m) – ram

16

hutesium, -ii (n) – hue-and-cry (leg.)levare hutesium – to raise the hue and cry

iaceo, -ere, -ui, -itum – to lieianua, -e (f) – entrance, gateway [into a field]ibi (adv.) – thereibidem (adv.) – at or in the same place; thereidem, eadem, idem (pron.) – the sameideo (adv.) – thereforeignis, -is (m) – fire; fireplaceignorare (1) – to not to know; to be unaquainted withignotus, -a, -um (adj.) – unknownille, illa, illud – thatillicitus, -a, -um (adj.) – unlawful; morally wrongimpedio, -ivi, -itus, -ire (4) – to hinder, to preventimperpetuum (adv.) – for ever, in perpetuityimpono, -ere, -posui, -positum – to impose; to impute; to charge withimposterium (adv.) – hereafter; for the future; foreverimprimis (adv.) – firstly, firstin (prep. with abl.) – in, onin (prep. with acc.) – into, towards

in antea – beforehand, henceforthin capite – in chief (leg.)in principali – in chiefin proximo – soonin quantum – as far asin solidum – wholly, completely

inclausura, -e (f), inclausuratum, -i (n) – enclosureincludo, -ere, -clusi, -clusum (3) – to enclose (land)inclusator, -oris (m) – pinderincrementum, -i (n) – land recently brought under cultivationincrochiamentum, -i (n) – encroachment (of land)incrochiare (1) – to encroach uponincurro, -ere, -curri, -cursum (3) – to run into; to incur

ideo incurrit penam – therefore he incurs the penalty [i.e. the `pain' is to beimposed]

inde (adv.) – thenceindentura, -e (f) – indenture (leg.)indigeo, -ere, -ui – to need, want, demandinferius (adv.) – below; laterinfirmus, -a, -um (adj.) – infirm, weak, illinfra (adv.) – within; below; overleafingredior, -gredi, -gressus sum (3) – to enter into property or rightsingressus, -us (m) – entry fine; right of entry into property; dues paid on entry into a

possession (leg.)iniuria, -e (f) – injuryiniuste (adv.) – unjustly; wrongfully;iniustifacatus, -a, -um (adj.) – unlawfully; unlicensedinquisitio, -ionis (f) – inquest; jury of inquestinsalubris, -e (adj.) – unhealthyinsolutus, -a, um (past part.) – unpaidinstancia, -ie (f) – instanceinstans, -antis (adj.) – present, immediate, currentinstauratio, -ionis (f) also instaurum; instauramentum – stock (of a manor)

17

insuper (adv. & prep.) – above, moreover, as mentioned aboveinsultare (1) – to attack, assaultinter (with acc.) – between; amonginterficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum – to killintrare (1) – to enterinvenire (4) – to furnish, provide, find, come uponita (adv.) – thus, soiter, itineris (n) itineratio – eyre, circuit of judges; journey; a (right of) wayiugatus, -a. -um (adj.) – yokediugum, -i (n) – a yokeiurare (1) – to swear (an oath)iurator, oris (m); jurator (m) – juror (leg.)

jana, -e (f) – field "gate"jus, juris (n) – law; right (leg.); privilege (leg.)

de jure – lawfully; by rightsjusticarius, -ii (m) – judge; justice

justicarius in itinere also justicarius de itinere– justice in eyrejustificare (1) – to justify, set right; to bring to justice; to licence

habent diem justificandos porcos suos – they have a day for the licensing oftheir pigs

jure (adv.) – justlyjuvenca, -e (f) also juvencula – heiferjuxta (adv. & prep. with acc.) – next to, beside, according

juxta quod – according to

kidda, -e (f) – faggotkidellus, -i (m) – fish-trap; stake-net

lacerare (1) – to break; mutilatelactagium, -ii (n) – (profits of) dairy producelada, -e (f) – load; cartload; measure of orelagena, -e(f) – gallonlana, -e (f) – woollanatus, -a, -um (adj.) also lanuta – woollen

pellis lanuta – wool-felllanda, -e (f) also londa – `lawn', forest glade, untilled landlanius, -i (m) also laniator – a butcherlapis, -idis (m) – stone; orelatitudo, -inis (f) – width; breadthlatomus, -i, latamus, -i (m) – masonlatro, -onis (m) – thieflatruncula, -e (f) – thieflatta, -e (f) – lathlatum, -i (n) – a width (of cloth)latus, -a -um (adj) – widelatus, eris (n) – side of flank of animal or manlavare (1) – to washledo, -ere, lesi, lesum – to injurelegalis, -e (adj.) – lawfullegare (1) – to deputelegare (1) ligare – to tie up, to bind, to tetherlegitime (adv.) – lawfullylegitimus, -a, -um (adj.) – law-worthy; lawful

18

legius, -i (m) – liege man (leg.)lego, ere, legi, lectum (3) – to readlepa, -e (f) – leap (dry measure) [half a bushell]leporarius, -ii (2) – greyhoundlepus, -oris (m) – a hareleta, -e (f) – leet

curia leta – court leet (leg.)levare (1) – to raise

ad levandum fenum – for making haylevare hutesium – to raise the hue and cry

leviter (adv.) – slightly, a little, not muchlex, legis (f) – law (leg.)liber, libera, liberum (adj.) – freeliberalis, -e (adj.) – free-born; freeliberaliter (adv.) – freely; without compulsion or forceliberatio, -ionis (f) – payment; handing over; liveryliberare (1) – to hand over; to set free; to payliberi, -orum (m.plural) – childrenlibertas, -atis (f) – liberty; franchise (leg.)libra, -e (f) – a pound (weight or money)liceat – let it be authorizedlicentia, -e (f) – licence; permissionlicet – it is allowedliciviosus, -a, -um (adj.) – lasciviousligare (1) – to tie up, to bind, to tetherligatio, -ionis – binding (of sheaves)ligeantia, e (f) – allegiancelignum, -i (n) – wood; firwooodlingincula, -e (f) – small woodlinteum, -ii (n) lintheum – linen sheetlinum, i (n) – flax; linenlitigator, -oris (m); litigatrix, -ices (f) – a contentious person; a scoldlocare (1) – to placelocus, -i (m) – placelongitudo, -inis (f) – lengthloquela, -e (f) – suit; actionloquelor (1, depon.) – to plead; to implead (leg.)loquori (3) – to speaklucrare (1) – to make a profitlucrum, -i (n) – interest on money; profitludere (3)– to playludimagister, -stri (m) – school masterludus, -i (m) – a gamelupanar, -aris (n) & lupanis, -e – brothel; house of ill-reputelupanatrix, -ices (f) – harlot, whoreluxuriose (adv.) – lecherously

mactare (1) – to slaughtermactatio, -ionis – slaughtermagister, -tri (m) – mastermagnus, -a -um (adj.) – great, large

magna curia – great court (leg.)male (adv.) – badlymaletotare (1) – to ill-treat

19

mandare (1) – to enjoin; order; commandmandra, -e (f) – hovel; cattle-penmaneo, -ere, mansi, mansum (2) – to remain, staymanerium, -ii (n) – manor (leg.)manucapio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum (3) – to undertake; to go bail for (leg.)manucaptio, -ionis (f) – bail or mainprize (leg.)manucaptor, -oris (m) – surety; mainprize (leg.)manupastus, -i (m) – household; member of a householdmanus, -us (f) – hand

in manus domini – into the hands of the lordsexto manu – six-handed [with six supporting witnesses]

manutergium, -ii (n) – towelmarca, -e (f) also marcella, -e (f) – mark; a weight; sum of money (13s. 4d.maresium, -ii (n); mariscus, -i (m) – marshmaritagium, -ii (n) – marriage-portion; dowry; customary payment on marriage of

villein-daughtermaritare (1) – to marrymaritus, -i (m) – husbandmarlaria,-e (f) – marl-pitMartius, -ii (m) – March (month)mater, matris (f) – mothermatutinalis, -e (adj.) – of or for the morning; of or for mattinsmedietas, -atis (f) – half; moietymelius (adv.) – bettermensis, -is (m) – monthmensura, -e (f) – measure

mensura cumulata – where the bushel was heaped upmensura rasa – where the bushel was straked so as to fill it but no more

mensurare (1) – to measuremerchetum, -i (n) – merchet (leg.)meremium, -ii (n) – timber; timberingmeretrix, -ices (f) – whore, prostitute; loose-woman;merlengus, -i (m) – whitingmessor, -oris (m); messarius, -ii (m) – haywardmessuagium, -ii (n) – messuage [farmhouse or the whole holding]meta, -e (f) – boundary; boundary markmetebene, -is (f) – boon reapingmeto, -ere, messui, messum – to reapmiles, militis (m) – knightminare (1) – to drive beasts

minare aratrum – to ploughminime (adv.) – leastminimus, -a, -um (adj.) – least, smallestminor, minus (adj.) – lesser; smaller

durante minore etate – during [his] minoritymiseracio, -ionis (f) – mercy; amercement (leg.)miserandus, -a, -um (adj.) – lamenatble, pitiablemisericordia, -e (f) – mercy; amercement (leg.)mitto, -ere, misi, missum (3) – to send; to placemixstellio, -ionis (f) – maslin, mixed grainmixtilio, -ionis (f) also mastillio – maslin [mixed grain, usually rye and wheat]moderatus, -a. -um (adj.) – moderated; restrainedmodo (adv.) – now; only; latelymolendarius, -ii (m) – miller

20

molendinum, -i (n) – a millm. ad ventum – wind-millm. ventricule – wind-millm. aquaticum – water-millm. equinum – horse-mill

molta, -e (f) also multura – dues for milling at the lord's millmonere (2) – to summon; to warn

non monitus – not warned; not informedmonitio, -ionis (f) – a warning

super monitionem – upon warningmora, -e (f) – moor; marshmordeo, -ere, momordi, morsum – to bitemorina, -e (f) also murina – murrain, animal-plaguemors, mortis (f) – deathmortuus, -a, -um (adj.) – dead; deceasedmoveo, -ere, movi, motum – to institute (a plea)mulier, -ieris (f) – wife; womanmullus, -i (m) also muluellus – mulletmultiloquor – to "blab"; to be talkativemultimodo (adv.) – in many waysmulto, -onis (m) – sheep; wethermutare (1) – to exchange; change; lend

nare (1) – to swimnatale, -is (n) – birthdaynativitas, -atis (f) – birthnativus, -i (m.) – villein; serfnativus, -a, -um (adj.) – born

terra nativa – land held by villein tenurenative tenentes – serfs; sokemen [at Forncet]

natus, -a, -um (adj.) – bornnec (conj.) also neque – and not, nor

nec ... nec – neither ... nornecessarius, -a, -um (adj.) – needfulnecne (adv.) – or notnecnon – and also, in fact, and besidesnegare (1) – to denynemo, neminis (m,f) – no one, nobody [ne + homo]nescio, -ire, -scivi, -scitum (4) – to be ignorant of, not to knownihil also nichil – nothingnimis (adv.) – too much, excessivelynimius, -a, -um (adj.) – excessivenix, nivis (f) – snownoctivagator, -oris (m) – a night-wanderernocumentum, -i (n) – nuisance; damage; harm

ad nocumentum vicinorum suorum – to the nuisance of his neighboursnominare (1) – to namenomen, -inis (n) – name

nomine (plus gen.) – in the name ofnon – notnondum (adv) – not yet [often written non dum]nonus, -a, -um – ninthnoster, -tra, -trum (adj.) – ournotitia, -e (f) – knowledge

21

novem (indeclinable) – ninenovus, -a, -um (adj.) – newnox, noctis (f) – nightnulligare (1) – to neglectnullus -a -um (adj.) – nothing; no; not anynumquam also nunquam (adv.) – nevernunc (adv. & adj.) – now; presentnundine, -arum (f and pl.) – fairnuper (adv. & adj.) – recently, lately; the latenutritus, -a, -um (adj) – weaned

ob (prep. plus acc.) – on account ofobeo, -ire, -ii, obitum (4) – to dieobitus, -us (m) – deathobjugare (1) – to scoldobjurgator, -oris (m); objurgatrix, -ices (f) – contentious person; scold; shrewoblatio, -ionis (f) – offering; paymentobolus -i (m) – half-pennyobscurare (1) – to scourobstupare (1) – to stop up, to block [a road, watercourse etc.]obtruncare (1) – to cut down; to behead

obtruncavit arbores in Netchwood – he topped the trees in Netchwoodoccidentalis, -e (adj) – westernoccido, -ere, -cidi, -cisum (3) – to killoccupare (1) – to seize or occupy [land or property] (leg.)occupatio, -ionis (f) – occupationoctavus, -a -um (adj.) – eighthocto (indeclinable) – eightofficiarius, -ii (m) – official, officerofficium, -ii (n) – officeolla, -e (f) – pot, jaromnis, -e (adj.) – all, every

omnia bene – all [is] wellonerare (1) – to charge; to make answerable for; to overburden [pasture with more

animals than allowed]onus, -eris (n) – burdenoperablis, -e (adj.) – workingoperatio, -ionis (f) – dayworkoperare (1) – to workoptimus, -a, -um (adj.) – bestopus, operis (n) – work; customary service; day-work

ad opus et usum – to the use and behoof of (leg.)ordeum, -ii (n) – barleyordinacio, -ionis (f) – ordinance; bye-law (leg.)ordinare (1) – to ordain; to order (leg.)

ordinatum est quod – it is ordained thatorientalis, -e (adj.) – easternorreum, -ei (n) also horreum – granary; barnostendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3) – to show

ostendere evidenciam – to show (his) evidenceostium, ii (n) – door; field "gate"ovile, -is (n) – sheepfoldovis, -is (f) – sheep

22

palmare (1) – to grasp, to stunpandoxare (1) – to brewpandoxator, -oris (m) – brewer, ale-house keeperpandoxatrix, -icis (f) – brewer, ale-wifepanetarius, -i (m) – bakerpanis, -is (m) – breadpannagiare (1) – to pasture pigs in woodlandpannagium, -ii (n) – pannage; right of pannage (leg.)pannus, -i (m) – clothparcare (1) – to impoundparcella, -e (f) – parcel [of land]parcus, -i (m) – park; poundparare (1) – to preparepars, partis (f) – part; party (leg.)

ex parte – on behalf ofex una parte – on one sidein hac parte – in this matter

parvus, -a, -um (adj.) – small; littlecuria parva – small court (leg.)

Pascha, -e (f) – Easter Sundaypascalis, -e (adj.) – of or for Easter

dies paschalis – Easter Sundaypasco, -ere, pavi, pastum (3) – to pasturepascua, -e (f) – pasture; grazing landpassagium, -ii (n) – right of way; passage (leg.)pastor, -oris (m) – shepherd; herdsmanpastura, -e (f) – pasture land; right of pasturepater, patris (m) – fatherpateo, -ere, -patui (2) – to manifest, show

patet – it is manifestpateat – let it be knownprout patet – as appears

pauper, -eris (adj.) – poorvalde pauper – exceedingly poor

pavo, -onis (m) peacockpavenna, -e (f) peahenpax, pacis (f) – peace; agreement (leg.)

pacis perturbatrix – disturber of the peacepecunia, -e (f) – cattle; cashpedale, -is (n) – plough-iron [? plate protecting underside of the plough]

pediale ferreum – plough-ironpeior, peius also pejor, pejus (adj.) – worsepejorare (1) – to injurepejoratio, -ionis (f) – injurypellis, -is (f) – a skin; hide

pellis lanuta – wool-fellpena, -e (f) – pain; bye-law; penalty (leg.)

sub pena – under a pain of (leg.)pendere (3) – to weigh; to hang up (as in a gate)per (prep. with acc.) – by, through,

per facetum Anglie – by the courtesy of England [Widower's land rights] (leg.)per quod – wherebyper virgam – by the yard or rod (leg.)

perdere – to lose

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perditio, -ionis (f) – loss, injuryperditus, -a, -um (past part.) – lost, ruinedperegrina, -e (f) perigrina – female wanderer or vagrantperegrinus, -i (m) – male wanderer or vagrantpericulum, -i (n) – danger, perilpericulosus, -a, -um (adj.) – dangerous; hazardousperquisitio, -ionis (f) perquisitum, -i (n) – perquisite, benefit

perquisitum curie – perquisite of the (manorial) courtpersonaliter (adv.) – personallypertica, -e (f) also perticata; partica; parcata; percha – a perch [measure of land]pertinens, -entis (pres. part.) – pertaining (to)pertinentia, -e (f) – appurtenancepertineo, -etre, -tinui (2) – to belong to, pertain topertranseo, -ire, -ii, -itum (irreg.) – to wanderperturbatio, -ionis (f) – disturbanceperturbatrix, -ices (f) – disturber [of the peace]perquisitum, -i (n) – profitpes, pedis (m) – footpetens, -entis (m. f.) – plaintiff (leg.)peto, -ere, petivi, -itum (3) – to claim, petition, seek

petit legem – he seeks judgmentpetivit admitti tenens – he petitoned to be admitted tenant

pila, palmaria – handballpileus, -e (m) pilius – a (felt) cappiper, -eris (n) – pepperpiscare (1) – to fishpiscaria, -ie (f) also piscarium, -ii (n) – right to fish (leg.); fish-pondpiscis, -is (m) – fishpistor, -oris (m) – baker

pistor panis – baker of breadpistorium, -ii (n) also pistrina – bakerypisum, -i (n) also pisa and pisus – pea; peasplacitare (1) – to plead (leg.)placitum, -i (n) – a plea [in court] (leg.)

de placito debiti – in a plea of debtde placito defamationis – in a plea of slanderde placito dotis – in a plea of dowryin placito transgressione – in a plea of trespassintrare placitum – to enter a plea

plana, -e (f) – open ground; feeding ground; fieldplanum, -i (n) – open countryplaustrum, -i (n) – wagon; wagon-loadplebicitum, -i; plebiscitum (n) – byelaw (leg.)plegius, -ii (m) – pledge, one who goes surety for another (leg.)

plegius de lego – pledge at lawplene (adv.) – fullyplenus, -a, -um (adj.) – full

in plena curia – in open courtplurimus, -a, -um (adj.) – mostplus, pluris (adj.) – morepomarium, -ii (n) – orchardpombregium, -ii (n) – pound-breachpomum, -i (n) – applepono, -ere, posui, positum (3) – to place, appoint, produce in court (leg.)

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ponere in respectum – to adjourn or respite (leg.)ponere se in – to put oneself on (leg.)ponere se super – to submit to (leg.)ponit se – he submits to [judgement] (leg.)

porcaria, -e (f) – pigstyporcarius, -ii (m) – swineherdporcus, -i (m) – pigporta, -e (f) – gate [usually used of a field gate]portare (1) – to carryportio, -ionis (f) – share, part, portionpossessio, -ionis (f) – property; occupationpossum, posse, potui (irreg.) - to be ablepost (adv. & prep with acc.) – after, afterwards, according toposta, -e (f) – postpostea (adv.) – hereafter, thereafter, afterwardspostmodo (adv.) – afterwardspostquam (conj.) – afterpotagium, -ii (n) also patagium – drink-moneypotagium, -ii (n) also patagium – broth or porridgepratum, -i (n) – meadowlandpre (adv. & prep with abl.) – beforeprecaria, -e (f) also precarium; precatio – boon-work i.e. labour service additional to

week-serviceprecedens, -entis (adj.) – preceedingpreceptor, -oris (m) – preceptor [head of Templar or Hospitaller house]precium, -ii (n) also pretium – pricepredictus, -a, -um (past part.) – aforesaidpredilectus, -a, -um (adj.) – well-belovedprefatus, -a, -um (adj.) – aforesaidprefectus, -i (m) – reevepremanibus – in advance; in cash; cash downpremonere (2) – to advise; overseepremunire (4) – to give notice of, cite, summon (leg.)prenominatus, -a, -um (adj.) – aforenamedprepositura, -e (f) – reeveship, office of reeve, `grave'prepositus, -i (m) – reeveprepotentissimus – most powerfulpresens, -entis (adj.) – presentpresentare (1) - to present (leg.)

presentant – they present i.e. chargepresentat se ipsum – he presents himself

prestare (1) – to lendpretendo, -ere, -i, -tentum – to claim, allegepreter (adv. & prep. with acc.) – past, beyond, besides, exceptpretera (adv.) – besides, moreover, henceforthpreteritus, -a, -um (past. part.) – pastpretium, -ii (n) – price, valueprimus, -a, -um (adj.) – firstprior, prius (adj.) – first, formerprius (adv.) – before, firstpro (prep. with abl.) – for; during; in; as far as; in accordance with; in return for

pro certo – certainlypro eo quod – becausepro nunc – at the present; for the present

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pro parte – on behalf ofpro placito – at will, at pleasurepro tunc – then, at that time

probare (1) – to prove [usually but not exclusively of a will]processus, -us (m) – process (leg.); proceedingsproclamatio, -ionis (f) – proclamation; formal announcmentprohibere (2) – to forbidprojectio sepes – throwing down (newly-planted) hedgesprolocutor, -oris – spokesmanpropars, propartis (f) – a share or portion (leg.)prope (adv.) – nearpropinquarius, -ii (m) – relation, kinsmanpropinquior, -ioris (adj. & noun) – nearest, next [of kin]propinquus, -a, -um (adj.) – near, neigbouringpropius, -a, -um (adj.) – ones own, special, proper

in propria persona sua – in his own personpropter (adv. & prep. with acc.) – near, close to, on account of, because ofpropterea (adv.) – thereforeprosequor, -sequi, -setus sum (3 dep.) – to prosecute (leg.)prosterno, -ere, -stravi, -stratum – to fell, pull down; to level, fill upprout (adv.) – according as; in proportion; just asprovenire (4) – to come forth; to issue from (of revenue or profits)proventus -us (m) – income; proceedsproxime (adv.) – next, nearest, lastlyproximus, -a, -um (adj.) – nextpudor, -oris (m) – shame, affrontpuella, -e (f) – girlpuer, -eri (m) – boy pullanus, -i (m) – coltpullus, -i (m) – chicken; colt or foalpunctus, -i (m) also punctum – point (of sword)

super punctum falcis sue – upon the point of his scythepunda, -e (f) – pound, pinfoldpunderus, -i (m) – pounder; keeper of the pinfoldpunior, -itis, -iri (dep.) – to punishPurificatio, -ionis (f) – Purificationpurpars, -partis (f) – share, partpurprestura, -e (f) – encroachment [of land] (leg.)putare (1) – to think, to supposeputeus, -i (m) – well

Quadragesima, -e (f) – Lentquadrans, quadrantis (m) – farthingquadriga, -e (f) – wagonquadrigare (1) – to cart; to carry in a wagonqualis, -e (adj. & pron.) – of what kind, what kind of a; of such a kind, of suchqualiscumque, qualecumque – whatever kindqualiter (adv.) – in what way or mannerqualitercumque (adv.) – in whatsoever wayquam (adv.) – how; how much; in what mannerquamdiu (adv.) – as long asquamquam (adv.) – though, althoughquando (adv. & conj.) – whenquandoque (adv.) – whenever

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quandocumque (adv.) – whensoeverquandoquidem (adv.) – since, seeing thatquare (adv.) – whereforequarta, -e (f) – farthingquartium, -ii (n) – quarter [dry measure usually of grain]quasi (adv.) – as if; just asquartus, -a, -um (adj.) – fourthquattuor (indeclinable) – four-que [added to end of word] – andquercus, -us (f) – an oakquerela, -e (f) – plaint, suit or action (leg.)querelare (1) – to bring an action; to implead (leg.)querens, -entis (m,f) – plaintiff (leg.)quero, -ere, quesivi, quesitum (dep.) – to bring an action (leg.)quia (conj.) – whereas; becausequidam, quedam, quoddam (pron,) – certain person or thingquietclamare (1) – to quitclaim (leg.)quiete (adv.) – peacefully, quietlyquilibet, quelibet, quidlibet (pron.) – anyone you likequietus, -a, -um (adj.) – quit; free (leg.)quindina, -e (f) – period of 15 daysquinque (indeclinable) – fivequintus, -a, -um – fifthquittus, -a, -um (adj.) – quit, free (leg.)quoad (adv.) – as long as, as far as, regardsquod (conj.) – (1) because (2) that [after verbs of knowing, saying etc.]quomodo (adv.) – in what mannerquoquomodo (adv.) – in whatever placequondam (adv.) – formerly, the latequoniam (adv.) – whereas, sincequoque (conj.) – alsoquotiens (adv.) – as often as

totiens ... quotiens – as often ... asquousque (adv.) – until

radix, -icis (f) – a rootradix arboris – tree-root

ramus, -i (m) – branch; boughrastrum, -i (n) – hoe, rake; mattockraticare (1) – to ratifyrationabilis, -e (adv) – reasonable, rational; regular, in due formrationabiliter (adv.) – regularly, in due formrealis, -e (adj.) – real (as in `real estate')realiter (adv.) – really, actually, with regard to real propertyrecepta, -e (f.) also receptum, -i (n) – receipt; money receivedrecipio, -ere, cepi, -ceptum – to receiverecompensare (1) – to recompense, compensate forrecte (adv.) – rightlyrectus, -a, -um (adj.) – right; direct (of heirs)recupare (1) – to recover

recuperet – he should recover; he should be awardedredditus, -us (m) – rent, revenue

redditus assise – fixed rent paid by free tenantsredditus certus – fixed rent

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redditus mobilis – rent in kindreddo, -ere, -didi, -ditum (3) – to give back, to pay, to surrender or hand over

reddere computum de – to render account ofregina, -e (f) – the Queenregnum, -i (n) – reignrelaxare (1) – to release, remit, dischargerelevium, -ii (n) – relief [payment]relicta, -e (f) – widowremaneo, -ere, remansi – to remainremittere (3) – to remit; to remise; to surrender a claim (leg.)renovare (1) – to renewreparatio, -ionis (f) – repairs; reparationreparare (1) – to repairreprisa – reprise, deductionrescessus, -us (m) – rescue (leg.) [Illegal recovery of goods, animals or persons from

custody]residens, -entis (m, f) – resident tenantrespectare (1) – to respite, adjourn (leg.)

fidelitas respectatur – fealty adjourned i.e. postponed to a later court (leg.)respectus, -us (m) also respectum, -i (n) – respite; adjournment; postponement

(leg.)respondere (2) – to reply; to answer; with de or pro to be answerable forresponsalis, -e (adj.) – answerable for or toresponsum, -i (n) – answer; replyrestitere (3) – to restore; to set up againrete, retis (n) – a net [Non-standard 3rd declension noun but also found as a regular

1st declension noun. i.e. reta]reversio, -ionis (f) also revertio – reversion (of land) (leg.)rex, regis (m) – kingripa, -e (f) – river bankriparia, -e (f) – river or river bankrixator (m) rixatrix (f) – a contentious person; a scoldroda, -e (f) – rood [measure of land]rogare (1) – to askrosa, -e – roserota, -e (f) – wheelrotulus, -i (m) – roll; record (leg.)ruber, bra, -brum (adj.) – redruinosus, -a, um (adj.) – ruined; impassable

Sabbati dies – Saturdaysaccus, -i (m) – sack; dry measuresacer, -r, rum (adj.) – sacredsacramentum, -i (n) – an oath (formal)sagitta, -e (f) – arrowsagittare (1) also sagitare – to practice archery; to shoot arrowssal, salis (m) – saltsalvare (1) – to savesalvus, -a, -um (adj) – safe; in abl.absol. – excepting only, saving, without violation

ofsalvo jure – reserving (legal) rights

sanare (1) – to heal, to make soundsanare defaltam – to remedy default (leg.)

sanctus, -a, -um (adj.) – holy

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sanguis, sanguinis (m) – bloodsanitas, -atis (f) – healthsarclare (1) also sarcliare – to hoe; to weedsarclatio, -ionis (f) – weedingsarclator, -oris (m) sarculatrix (f) – hoer; weedersatis (adv.) – enoughscilcet (adv.) – namelyscindere – to cut; splitscio, scire, scivim, scitum (4) – to knowsciatus, -a, -um (adj.) – situatedscitus, -us (m) – site

scitus manerii – curtilage of the manor houseScotia, -e (f) – Scotlandseco, -are, ui, -tum (1) – to cutsecta, -e (f) – suit of court (leg.)

secta multure – service by which tenants were required to grind their corn at thelord's mill

sectator, -ores (m) – suitor; one owing suit of court (leg.)secundum (adv., prep + acc.) – according tosecundus, -a, -um (adj.) – secondsed also set (conj.) – butseisare (1) – to take possession of (leg.)seisatus, -a, -um (adj.) – seised (leg.)seisina, -e (f) – seisin (of land)selio, -ionis (f) also sullo, -onis – selion, strip in open fieldsemel (adv.) – oncesemen, -inis (n) – seed; sowing timeseminare (1) – to sow (a field)semita, -e (f) – lane; footpathsenescallus, -i (m) – steward

subsenescallus – sub-stewardsenior, -ioris (adj.) – elder; seniorseparabilis, -e (adj.) – `several'; land held separately i.e. inseveraltypastura separabilis – land not in the common fieldsseparatim (adv.) – separatelysepe (adv.) – oftensepes, -is; cepes, -is (f) – hedge or fence

fractio sepes – hedge-breaking [i.e. taking wood from hedges]projectio sepes – throwing down (newly-planted) hedges

septem (indeclinable) – sevenseptimana, -e (f) – a weekseptimus, -a, -um – seventhsequela, -e (f) – suit of court (leg.)sequens, -entis (pres. part.) – followingsequens, -entis (m, f) – suitor (leg.)sequentia, -e (f) – suit (leg.)servicium, -ii (n) – service (leg.)

per servicium militare - by military service (leg.)serviens, -ientis (m, f) - servant; tenant holding by military serviceservilis, -e (adj.) – pertaining to the services or status of a villienservisia, -e (f) – beerservus, -i (m) also serva, -e – serf, villein; slave; servantset (conj.) – butseu ... seu; sive ... sive – whether ... or

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sex (indeclinable) – sixsextus, -a, -um – sixthshopa, -e (f) also schopa – a shop or workshop. [Sometimes used of an alehouse.]si (conj.) – if; whethersic (adv.) – thus; sosicare (1) – to drysicut (adv.) – just as

sicut pluries – like several otherssigillare (1) – to seal [a document]siligo, -ionis (f) – ryesilva, -e (f) – a woodsimilis, -e (adj.) – like, similarsimiliter (adv.) – similarlysimul (adv.) – together; at the same time;; also; likewisesine (prep. + abl.) – without

sine die – without a day [i.e. no need to return] (leg.)sinister, -tra, -trum (adj.) – leftsocmannus, -i (m) also sokmannus – sokeman [one who holds by privileged tenure

as the heir of the Danes]solemniter (adv.) – solemnlysoliata, -us, -um; solidata, -us, -um (adj.) – `soiled' (see terra)solidus, -i (m) – shillingsoleo, -ere, solitus sum (semi dep.) – to be accustomedsolum, -i (n) – soil; ground; landsolutio, -ionis (f) – paymentsolvo, -ere, solvi, solutum (3) – to paysoror, -oris (f) – sister; nunspado, -onis (m) – geldingspargo, -ere, -si, -sum – to spread or turn hayspectare (1) – to belong to; to look to, to facespina, -e (f) – thorn-bush

arbor spinalis – hawthornspoliatio, -onis (f) – spoliationstabula -e (f) – stablestagnum, -i (n) – pond; damn (of a mill)stallagium, -ii (n) – stallage; charge for setting up a market-stallstallum, -i (n) – market-stall; hive

unum stallium apium – one stall or hive of beesstaurum, -i (n) – stock [In the plural it can mean stores]statim (adv.) – at once, immediatelysterilis, -e (adj.) – barrensterquilinium, -ii (n) – a dung-heapstipendium, -ii (n) – wages, fee, stipend [usually a year's wages]stotta, -e (f) – heiferstottus, -i (m) – steerstramen, -inis (n) – strawstrata, -e (f) – way, road

strata alta – highwaystrata regis – king's highway

sub (prep. with abl. and acc.) – under, below; towards; shortly before, just after;duringsub pena - under the pain of; on pain of

subboscus, -i (m) – underwoodsubito (adv.) – suddenly, immediately

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subscriptus, -a, -um (past part.) – underwritten, written belowsubtus also suptus (prep. with acc.) – undersubventio, -ionis (f) – aid, assistance, financial aidsubvertere (3) – to divert; to overthow

subvertit aquam a – he diverts water fromsuccido, -ere, -cidi, -citum (3) – to fell or cut down [usually of trees]sufficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum – to be sufficient, suffice, be adequatesumma, -e (f) – sum; total

summa totalis – sum of the totalsummonere (2) – to summon (leg.)

summonitus est – he was summonedsumptus, -us (m) – expense, chargesulcus, -i (m) – furlong; baulksuper (adv. & prep. with acc.) – above, upon; on, at, against, in

et super hoc – hereuponsuper quo – whereon

superannutus, -a, -um (adj.) – having outrun a year's time limit; time expired (leg.)superonerare (1) – to overstock or overburden [pasture or common land]superstes. -stitis (adj.) – survivingsupervisor, -oris (m) – surveyor; overseersupervisus, -us (m); supervisio, -ionis (f) – a survey (of land)supervivo, -ere, vixi (3) – to survivesupra (adv. with acc.) – above, beyond, before, over

supra etatem xij annorum – over the age of 12 yearssupradico, -ere, -dixi, -dictum (3) – to mention abovesupradictus, -a, -um (adj.) – above-mentionedsuprascriptus, -a, -um (past part.) – above-writtensuptus – see subtussursumreddio, -ere, -reddidi, -reditum (3) – to surrender or give up land (leg.)sursumredditio, -ionis (f) – a surrender (of land) (leg.)sus, suis (m or f) – pig or sow

tabernare (1) – to lease or let out land [Latinisation of a dialect word from Durham]et habet licentiam tabernandi – and has a licence to lease or let out

talis, -e (adj.) – suchtallagium, -ii (n) – customary tax, tallagetallia, -e (f) – tallytam ... quam – both ... and; so ... as; as ... astamdiu (adv.) – so long; for so long a timetamen (adv.) – nevertheless; however; yet; thoughtamquam (adv.) – as much as; as it were; so to speaktandiu (adv.) – so long, for so long a timetango, tangere, tetigi, tactum (3) – to touch, concerntarde (adv.) – slowlytardus, -a, -um (adj.) – late; slowtascare (1) also taxare – to assesstassa, -e (m); tassus, -i (m) – hay-ricktassare (1) – to stacktastator, -oris (m) – aletastertaurus, -i (m) – a bulltaxare (1) – to assess (damages)taxatio, -ionis (f) – assessmenttectura, -e (f) – roof; roofingtegula, -e (f) - tile

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tegulator, -oris (m) - tilertempus, -oris (n) – time

tempore seisone frumenti – in the time for sowing wheat i.e. autumntenator, -oris (m) – ploughman; plough-holdertenementum, -i (n) – tenement; holding (leg.)

tenementum liberum – free-holding (leg.)tenens, tenentis (m, f) – tenant

extratenens – stranger; non-tenantlibere tenentes – freeholdersnative tenentes – serfs; [sokemen at Forncet, Norf.]subtenens – sub-tenant

teneo, -ere, tenui, tentum (2) – to hold [in particular to hold land]tenere per virgam – to hold by the rod (leg.)tenere debitum – to owetenere rectum – to do right

tentus, -a, -um (past part.) – heldtenura -e (f) – tenure; holding

tenura antiqua – ancient demesne land [i.e. land once held by the Crown] (leg.)tenura, -e (f) – tenure (leg.)tercius -a, -um; tertius (adj.) – thirdterminus, -i (m) – term; fixed period of time (leg.)

pro termino vite sue – for the term of his life (leg.)terra, -e (f) – land; a plot of land; strip of land in a common field

terra communis – common landterra frisca – waste landterra forinseca – land outside of the manor or boroughterra mensuranda – land surveyed using a measuring poleterra nativa – land held by villein tenureterra soliata; terra solidata – `soiled' land [former freehold land purchased bybondmen (Norf. & Suff.)]

territorium, -i (n) – territory; townfield; `terrier' or land booktimor, -oris (m) – fear, dreadtinctor, -oris (m) – dyertingnum, -i (n) – a beam; timbertipulator, -oris (m) – tippler; seller of aletitulus, -i (m) – titletofta, -e (f) – toft or house-sitetolnetum, -i (n) – tolltonsio, -ionis (f) – sheep-shearingtonsura, -e (f) – shorn sheep; shearing

ante tonsuram – before shearingtot ... quot – so many ... astotaliter (adv.) – entirelytotius, -a, -um (adj.) – the whole, all, entire

toties quoties – on every occasiontotiens ... quotiens – as often ... astraciare (1) – to track (animals)traditio, -ionis (f) – surrender; demise; conveyance; inheritance (leg.)trado, -ere, tradidi, traditum (3) – to handover; to demise or lease

tradere ad firmam – to let at farm (leg.)traho, -ere, traxi, tractum (3) – to draw

trahere sanquinem – to draw bloodtranseo, -ere, -ivi, -itus – to run over (with a vehicle)transgressio, -ionis (f) also trangressus, -us (m) – trespass; offense (leg.)

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in placito transgressione – in a plea of trespasstrava, -e (f) also thrava – measure of corntraventarius, -ii (m) – itinerant vendor, tranter; tapstertraventria, -e (f) – hawking goods; custom levied on tranters

in traventria – by hawkingtricesimus, -a, -um (adj.) – thirtiethtrituracio, -ionis (f) – threshingtriturare (1) – to threshtrituratio, -ionis (f) – threshingtriturator, -oris (m) – threshertunc (adv.) – thentuthinga, -e (f) – a tithingturba, -e (f) – turf; turveryturbarium, -ii (n) also turbaria, -e (f) – turf-pit, turbary

ubi (adv.) – where; whenubicumque (adv.) – wheresoeverubique (adv.) – wheresoever; everywhereulmus, -i (f) also ulmellus and elmus – elm treeulna, -e (f) – ell; elbowulterius (adv.) – furthermoreultra (adv., prep. with acc.) beyondultimus, -a, -um (adj.) – last

ultima curia – the last court; the previous courtunctum, -i (n) also unctus – fat, greaseunde (adv.) – whence; concerning whichuniversus, -a, -um (adj.) – the whole, allusitare (1) – to useusque (adv.) – until, as far as, up toussetus, -i (m) – hollyussus, -i (m) – hollyusualis, -e (adj.) – usualusus, -us (m) – use; enjoyment or right of possession (leg.)uva, -e (f) – grapeut (adv. and conj.) – in order that; as; thatuterque, utraque, utrumque (pron.) – eachuxor, -oris (f) – wife

vacca, -e (f) – cowvacca de metride – cow in milk (Durham)

vaccaria, -e (m) – cow-closevadiare (1) – to give security for; to wage (leg.)

vadiavit ad legem – he produced compurgatorsvadium, -ii (n) – pledge, securityvagabundus, -i (m) – vagabond

persone vagentes – vagrantsvagare, vagari (dep.) – to wander abroad at night without lawful causevalde (adv.) – strongly, intensely, exceedingly

valde pauper – exceedingly poorvalens, -entis (n) also valentia – value

ad valens; ad valentium – to the value ofvaleo, -ere, -ui, -itum (3) – to be worth; to have power to; to be capable ofvanga, -e (f) – spade, shovelvannare (1) – to winnow

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vannatio, -ionis (f) – winnowingvannatarius, -ii (m) also vannator, -oris – winnowervastum, -i (n) – wastevel (conj.) – or

vel ... vel (conj.) – either ... orvellus, -eris (n) – fleecevendicare (1) – to claimvendere (3) – to sellvenditio, -ionis (f) – sale; right of sale

venditio stauri – sale of stockvenella, -e (f) – a lanevenemose (adv.) – in poisonous fashion; venemouslyvenire (4) – to come

venit – he cameveniunt – they came

ventilacio, -ionis (f) – winnowingventilare (1) – to winnowverberare (1) – to beat, to thrashverbum, -i (n) – wordvere (adv.) – truthfullyveredarius, -ii (m) also viridarius – verderer, forest-officialveredictum, -i (n) – verdictveritas, -atis (f) – truthversus (adv., prep. with acc.) – against; towardsverus, -a, -um (adj.) – truevervexius, -ii (m) – tup; wethervesca, -e (f) also vicia – vetchvescallum, -i (n) – containervetus, -eris (adj.) – oldvia, -e (f) – the way; the road

via alta – the highwayvia regia – king's highwayvia veridia – green lane

viaticus, -i (m) – tramp, wayfarervicarius, -ii (m) – vicarvicesimus, -a, -um (adj.) – twentiethvicinetum, -i (n) – venue, place, neighbourhoodvicinus, -a, -um (adj.) – neighbouring; close tovicinus, -i (m) – neighbourvicinum, -i (m) also visinetum and visnetum – neighbourhoodvicus, -i (m) – a street; a placevidelicet (adv.) – clearly; namely; that isvideo, -ere, -vidi, -visum (2) – to see, to view, to inspect

videtur dictis iuratis – it seems to the said jurorsvidua, -e (f) – widowvigilatio, -ionis (f) – the night-patrol; the watch; religious vigil [eve of a festival]vigilator, -oris (m) – one who wanders abroad at night without lawful causevilla, -e; villata, -e (f) – vill, village, townshipvillanus, -i (m) – villeinvillenagium, -ii (n) – villein land; land held by villein tenurevinarium, -ii (n) also vinea also vinetum – vineyardvinculum, -i (n) – chainviolentia, -e (f) – violencevir, viri (m) – man; husband

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virga, -e (f) also virgata, -e (f) – virgate or yardland [measure of land]; a yard orstick; a yard i.e. 3 feetper virgam – by the rod (leg.)

virgo, -inis (f) – virginvirgultum, -i (n) – wood of small trees or brushwood; a copseviridis, -e (adj) – greenviridarius, -i (m) also veredarius – verderer, forest-officialvis, viris (f) – forcevisus, -us (m) – view (leg.)

visus franciplegii – view of frankpledge (leg.)vita, -e (f) – lifevitula, -e (f) also vitulus, i (m) – calfvltimus, -a, -um (adj.) – lastvocare (1) also vocavere – to call; to vouch, call as evidence (leg.)vocatus, -a, -um (past. part.) – calledvolo, velle, volui – to wish, intendvoluntas, -atis (f) – wish, willvomer (m) – plough-sharewarantia, -e (f) – warranty (leg.)warecta, -e (f) – fallow landwastum, -i (n) – waste; waste land [often land over which copyholders had pasture

and other rights]wodemotum, -i; woodmotum, -i (n) – wood-mote, court of attachment in forestwoedwardus, -i; woodwardus, -i (m) – woodward [a forest official]