Seismicity and Plate Tectonics Christa G. von Hillebrandt-Andrade Puerto Rico Seismic Network, UPRM...
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Transcript of Seismicity and Plate Tectonics Christa G. von Hillebrandt-Andrade Puerto Rico Seismic Network, UPRM...
Seismicity and Plate Tectonics
Christa G. von Hillebrandt-Andrade
Puerto Rico Seismic Network, UPRM
Caribbean Training Course in Seismology and Tsunami Warnings St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
June 25-30, 2007
Our Dynamic Earth
Global Distribution of Tsunamis
From NGDC
Global Distribution of Earthquakes
Global Seismicity and Tectonic Plates
Continental Drift
Continental drift was first proposed in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a German Astronomer and Professor.
Fossil Evidence
Mesosaurus is a freshwater reptile which could not possibly swim across the ocean from South America to Africa.
Fossil Evidence
Evidence from Rocks
Evidence from Paleoclimates/Glaciation
The orientation of rocks on several continents become consistent with those of a common ice-cap when they are re-assembled.
Keller, 2002
Plate Tectonics Evidence: Age of the Ocean Floor
Evidence: Magnetic Striping
From Kious and Tilling, USGS
Evidence for Plate Tectonics:Seismicity
Distribution of Seismicity Worldwide
Líneas de Costa, Límites Políticos
Circum-Caribbean SeismicityCircum-Caribbean Seismicity(1973-2006)(1973-2006)
NEIC (2006)
Age of Hawaiian volcanoes: Evidence for Plate Tectonics
Evidence for Tectonic Plate Theory: Earth Structure
US
GS
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Plate Tectonic Forces
Break up of Pangaea
Source: Dietmar Muller, Sydney University
Lithospheric Plates
Global Plate Tectonic Activity
GPS Vectors in the Northeastern Caribbean
"Plate tectonic maps and Continental drift animations by C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project (www.scotese.com)"
"Plate tectonic maps and Continental drift animations by C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project (www.scotese.com)"
Plate Tectonic BoundariesPlate Tectonic Boundaries
Forces
Ductile Deformation
Brittle Deformation
Forces and Deformation
Divergent Boundary
Copywrite Tasa Graphic Arts
Fuerzas Tensionales
Fallamiento Normal
Océano
Falla de Transformación
Normal and Strike Slip Faults
Divergent Plate Boundaries
The Evolution of a Rift
East African Rift
Red Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Copywrite Tasa Graphic Arts
Continental Rift
Convergent BoundariesOceanic Lithosphere Subducting under
Oceanic Lithosphere
Océano
Continent
e
Magma
Ascendente
Convergent Plate BoundaryOcean-Continent
Subduction as Generation Zones for
Tsunamis
Himalayan Orogeny
Convergent BoundariesContinent-Continent
Copywrite Tasa Graphic Arts
Transform Boundaries
Transform Boundaries
San Andreas FaultSan Andreas FaultW
alla
ce C
reek
Wal
lace
Cre
ek
Strike-Slip Offsets
Map of Tectonic Plates
Caribbean Tectonic Setting
From ten Brink, USGS