Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8...
-
Upload
steve-hicks -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8...
![Page 1: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 1/228
SEISMIC PROPERTIES AND
PROCESSES ALONG THESUBDUCTION PLATE INTERFACE:
THE FEBRUARY 2010 MW 8.8MAULE, CHILE EARTHQUAKE
The! "#$!%%e& !' ())*+&(')e !%h %he +e-"!+e$e'% * %he U'!/e+!% * L!/e+**
*+ %he &e3+ee * D*)%*+ !' Ph!**h 4E(+%h S)!e')e5 #S%ehe' P(" H!)6
A"3"% 2017
![Page 2: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 2/228
ABSTRACT
The e!$*3e'!) *'e * "#&")%!*' $(+3!' h( %he *%e'%!( %*3e'e+(%e *$e * %he *+&9 (+3e% e(+%h-"(6e. A &e%(!e& %"&* %he 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e +"%"+e h( e'(#e& !'%e++e%(%!*'* %he )*'%+* %h(% 3*/e+' "#&")%!*' *'e e!$!) #eh(/!*"+()+* %he e(+%h-"(6e ))e. I' %h! %he!, e *)" *' %* (e)%* %he )e'%+( Ch!e $(+3!': 415 !$(3!'3 h!)( +*e+%!e !' %he*+e(+) ('& (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e 425 (e!'3 *"+)e)*$e;!% * $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e.<e e;*!% ( &(%(e% * e!$!) #*& (/e *'e% %!$e +*$ *)( (%e+h*)6 +e)*+&e& *' ( %e$*+(+ 'e%*+6 %* &e+!/e ( =>De!$!) /e*)!% $*&e * %he M("e +"%"+e (+e(. <e !$(3e %he
$(!' &*$(!' * %he "#&")%!*' *'e ('& ?'& ( h!3h /e*)!%('*$( *)(%e& (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e, h!)h e !'!%!(!'%e++e% ( ( "#&")%e& %**3+(h!) h!3h. <e %he' &e/e* (e)*'&, $*+e ())"+(%e /e*)!% $*&e %h(% "e (' !$+*/e& (++!/(%!$e &(%(e% %*3e%he+ !%h *#e+/(%!*' +*$ *)e('>#*%%*$e!$*$e%e+. Th! +e?'e& $*&e 3!/e ( h(+e+ /!e * #*%h %he(%e !'%e+()e )*e %* %he %+e')h, ('& %he $(+!'e *+e(+). <eh* %h(% (')!e'% #*)6 * &e'e $('%e !' %he *e+ *+e(+) $(h(/e &e)ee+(%e& ! &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e ('& )*'%+!#"%e&%* !% '")e(%!*'. F"+%he+$*+e, e !'e+ %h(% @"!& (%"+(%e&e&!$e'% !'h!#!%e& !3'!?)('% ! )*e %* %he %+e')h.<e %"& *"+)e +*)ee * ( (+3e (%e+h*)6 * %he M("ee-"e')e, %he 2011 Mw .1 A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e, # !'/e+%!'3 *)(e!$!) (/e*+$ *+ ( $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e ("%!'3 *"%!*'. <e?'& %h! e(+%h-"(6e )*'%!%"%e& +"%"+e *' %he (%e !'%e+()e**e& # ($*% !'%('%('e*" ! (*'3 ( '*+$( ("% !' %he*/e++!&!'3 (%e: %he ?+% *#e+/(%!*' * !% 6!'&. The e)*'&+"%"+e * %h! )*e>()e& &*"#e% ( h!&&e' +*$ %eee!$!)("%!'3 *"%!*', ('& $( h(/e #ee' &'($!)( %+!33e+e& # S>(/e +*$ %he ?+% e/e'%.O/e+(, *"+ *+6 h!3h!3h% %he +*e (e& # %he "e+ (%e !'
"#&")%!*' *'e e!$*3e'e!. <e "33e% %h(% e!$!) /e*)!%!e)(' he %* )h(+()%e+!e %he #eh(/!*"+ * "%"+e (+3e $e3(%h+"%e(+%h-"(6e. <e h* %h(% %he *%e'%!( h((+& *e& # )*e>()e& &*"#e% !'/*/!'3 %he "e+ (%e h*"& #e ())*"'%e& *+!' +e(>%!$e %"'($! (+'!'3 %e$ # "!'3 *)( (/e*+$ ('(!.
1
![Page 3: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 3/228
2
![Page 4: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 4/228
DECLARATION
I &e)(+e %h(% %he *+6 +ee'%e& !' %h! %he! ! %he +e"% * $*' *+6. The $(%e+!( )*'%(!'e& !' %he %he! h( '*% #ee'+ee'%e&, '*+ ! )"++e'% #e!'3 +ee'%e&, e!%he+ h* *+ !' (+%,*+ (' *%he+ &e3+ee *+ -"(!?)(%!*'.
S%ehe' P(" H!)621 A"3"% 2017
=
![Page 5: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 5/228
![Page 6: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 6/228
S)!e')e h( (e' !'%* $(' e++*+ e++*+
h!)h h(/e #ee' "'*+%"'(%e ('& "e"+(%he+ %h(' *%he+!e, *+ %he h(/e #ee'
%he %e!'3%*'e %* %+"%h
– Jules Ver gne
Journey to the Center of the Earth
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A#%+()%.........................................................................................=
De)(+(%!*'....................................................................................7
T(#e * C*'%e'%...........................................................................
L!% * F!3"+e..............................................................................1=
L!% * T(#e................................................................................27
L!% * E')*"+e........................................................................2
7
![Page 7: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 7/228
L!% * A##+e/!(%!*'....................................................................2
A)6'*e&3e$e'%.....................................................................=1
P+e()e........................................................................................==
1. Introduction...........................................................35
1.1 Me3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e =7
1.2 The 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e 0
1.= A!$ ('& *#e)%!/e * %h! %he!
1. The! *+3('!(%!*' ('& "#!)(%!*' %(%" * )h(%e+
2. Upper Plate Versus Lower Plate: Physical Controls onMegathrust Earthquae !upture Processes..............5"
2.1 S%+")%"+( &*$(!' (#*/e ('& #e* %he $e3(%h+"%
722.2 S%+")%"+( ('& )*$*!%!*'( !'@"e')e *' $e3(%h+"%
e!$*3e'!) #eh(/!*"+ 2
2.= L!$!%(%!*' ('& +e$(!'!'3 -"e%!*'
2. S"$$(+ =
=. #eis$ic I$aging o% #u&duction 'one #tructure usingLocal Earthquae (o$ography.................................)5
=.1 F"'&($e'%( * e!$!) %*$*3+(h 7
=.2 Se!$!) +( %+()!'3 =.= The )*"e& h*)e'%+e>/e*)!% +*#e$ 8
=. I'/e+!*' *+ 1>D /e*)!% %+")%"+e 81
=.7 =>D %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' 8=
=. I"$!'(%!'3 %he "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"% "!'3 *)(e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h: (% (!)(%!*' 88
=. S"$$(+ 0
. (he *+"+ Mw ,., Maule- Chile Earthquae: ucleation
and !upture Propagation Controlled &y a #u&ducted(opographic /igh....................................................03
P"#!he& (e+ (#%+()%
.1 I'%+*&")%!*'
.2 T*$*3+(h!) I'/e+!*' S)he$e
.= Re"% * =>D T*$*3+(h!) I'/e+!*'
. D!)"!*' 100
.7 C*')"!*' 10=
7. 1nato$y o% a Megathrust: (he *+"+ M,., Maule- ChileEarthquae !upture 'one I$aged using #eis$ic
![Page 8: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 8/228
(o$ography........................................................."+)
P"#!he& (e+ (#%+()% 108
7.1 I'%+*&")%!*' 108
7.2 Ch(+()%e+!%!) * %he )e'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e
1107.= The 2010 M("e e(+%h-"(6e 112
7. Se!$!) &(%( 11=
7.7 e*)!% !'/e+!*' %+(%e3 117
7. I'/e+!*' +e*"%!*' 11
7. Re"% ('& &!)"!*' 127
7.8 De%h>/(+!'3 +"%"+e +*e+%!e ('& ("% %+")%"+e1=
7. C*')"!*' 10
. #eis$ic #ource I$aging using 2ull4ae%or$ 1nalysis..........................................................................."63
.1 M*$e'% %e'*+ %he*+ 1
.2 De)*$*!%!*' * %he $*$e'% %e'*+ 17
.= M*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*' 18
. T!$e>&*$(!' ">(/e*+$ $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*'1
.7 =>D (/e*+$ !$"(%!*' 17
. S"$$(+ 12
. #eis$ic #lip on an Upper Plate or$al 2ault 7uring aLarge #u&duction Megathrust !upture..................."85
M('")+!% (#%+()% 1
.1 I'%+*&")%!*' 1
.2 M(!'h*)6 h*)e'%+e +e*)(%!*'1
.= S'%he%!) %e% 12. M"%!e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*' 1
.7 C*$(+!*' !%h (%e+h*)6 *)(%!*' ('& $e)h('!$18=
. =>D (/e*+$ +*(3(%!*' eJe)% 187
. D!)"!*' ('& )*')"!*'188
8. #ynthesis: I$plications %or the Interplay 9etweenMegathrust Physical /eterogeneity and #eis$ic #ourceCharacteristics....................................................."0)
8.1 I'@"e')e * *)(!e& "e+ (%e he%e+*3e'e!% *'e!$*3e'e! 18
![Page 9: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 9/228
8.2 Ph!)( +*e+%!e * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e: +e)*')!!'33*#( *#e+/(%!*' 20
8.= F"%"+e *"%**6: A!)(%!*' * %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% %* =>D e!$!) (/e +*(3(%!*' !$"(%!*' 210
. Conclusions and 2uture 4or................................*"5.1 Re*'e %* +*e)% (!$ 217
.2 L!$!%(%!*' * %h! %"& ('& !&e( *+ "%"+e +ee(+)h21
Ree+e')e................................................................................22=
E')*"+e.................................................................................27=
LIST OF FIGURESF!3"+e 1.1: M( * %he (+3e% 3*#( e(+%h-"(6e %h(% h(/e
*))"++e& !')e 100, #(e& *' %he USGS NEIC ('& ISC>GEMh!%*+!) )(%(*3"e. The e(+ ('& $(3'!%"&e * Mw 8.7e(+%h-"(6e (+e (#ee&. The *)" * %h! %he! ! *' %he 2010Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e...............................................=
F!3"+e 1.2: S!$!?e& */e+/!e * %he e!$!) ))e ('& %he(+($e%e+ %h(% (+e "e& !' %h! %he! %* &e)+!#e e!$!)*"+)e ('& $e3(%h+"% &'($!) (% e()h %(3e....................=
F!3"+e 1.=: De%h e3$e'%(%!*' * $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e)h(+()%e+!%!) #(e& *' L( e% (. 420125. E()h &*$(!' !&e'*%e& # %he e%%e+ AD, h!)h (+e &!)"e& !' %he %e;%.. .=
F!3"+e 1.: L*)(%!*' * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e h*!'3 %he)h(+()%e+!%!) * %he )*e!$!) +"%"+e ('& *%e!$!) %(3e.HF h!3h +e-"e'). I'e%: %he *)(%!*' * %he (+3e $( !3!/e' # %he #()6 #*;.............................................................=
F!3"+e 2.1: S)he$(%!) /!e * &*$(!' %h(% )*'%!%"%e %he h(*(+% * ( %!)( "#&")%!*' *'e. L(#ee& e(%"+e (+e +ee++e&%* !' %he %e;%. Re&+(' ('& !$!?e& (%e+ K* 4201=5.........7=
F!3"+e 2.2: D!%+!#"%!*' * )!+)"$>P()!?) e+*!*'( ('& ())+e%!*'(+$(+3!' #(e& *' C!% ('& (''"))h! 42005 ('& K* 42005 )*$(+e& !%h e(+%h-"(6e )h(+()%e+!%!). L(+3e e(+%h-"(6e*)(%!*' (+e #(e& *' B!e6 420105, #"% !%h (' "&(%e&)(%(*3"e. T"'($! e(+%h-"(6e *)(%!*' (+e +*$ E H(+!+! e% (.4201=5.......................................................................................7
F!3"+e 2.=: I"%+(%!*' * %he $(!' %+")%"+( /(+!(%!*' #e%ee'e+*!/e ('& ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!', #(e& *' C!% ('& (''"))h!42005, /*' H"e'e ('& R('e+* 4200=5, ('& /*' H"e'e e% (.4200 2005.............................................................................7
F!3"+e 2.: S)he$(%!) /!e * %he $(!' %+")%"+( e(%"+e * %he
)e'%+( E)"(&*+ "#&")%!*' *'e h*!'3 !'%e+( #e%ee'@"!&>+!)h e&!$e'% e'e, e($*"'%, "e+ (%e e(6e'!'3,
8
![Page 10: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 10/228
('& (%e )*"!'3. Re&+(' (%e+ S(3e e% (. 42005..............1F!3"+e =.1: S%(33e+e& !'/e+!*' *+6@* "e& !' %h! %he! %*
)()"(%e =>D v p ('& v pv s $*&e "!'3 *)( e(+%h-"(6e%*$*3+(h..............................................................................82
F!3"+e .1: (5 L*)(%!*' * (% +"%"+e ('& e3$e'%(%!*' !' Ch!e,
(%e+ M%*! e% (. 420125. E!e 3!/e %he +"%"+e (+e( * e()he(+%h-"(6e. The '($e * e()h e3$e'% ('& e3$e'%#*"'&(+!e 4&(he& !'e5 (+e h*'. The #*; &e'*%e %he*)(%!*' * %he $( !' 4#5. #5 L*)( $( !%h#(%h$e%+%**3+(h 4)**"+e& )(e #(+5. The +e& %(+ ! %heNEIC e!)e'%+e. B"e )*'%*"+ !'e h* %he )*e!$!) !&!%+!#"%!*' * Moreno et al. 420125. Re& )!+)e ('& h!%e%+!('3e (+e %he (%e+h*)6 ('& %(%!*', +ee)%!/e, "e& !'*"+ %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*'. B()6 )+*e &e'*%e %he '*&e !'*"+ =>D !'/e+!*'. The 3+e &(he& !'e h* %he 3e*$e%+ *%he "#&")%!'3 N()( (#, #(e& *' %he S(#1.0 $*&e 4H(e('& <(&, 2005.......................................................................7
F!3"+e .2: H!%*3+($ * (5 P>(/e ('& #5 S>(/e *'e% %!$e !)6e++*+ * %he ("%*$(%!) (3*+!%h$, #(e& *' ( "#e% * 20e/e'%......................................................................................
F!3"+e .=: Re*"%!*' e%!$(%e * *"+ #e%>?%%!'3 =>D 4e%5 v p ('&4+!3h%5 v pv s $*&e #(e& *' ('(! * %he $*&e +e*"%!*'$(%+!;. Sh(&!'3 &e'*%e +e(& "')%!*' /("e ('& #()6 !'eh* %he 0 )*'%*"+ * %he +e*"%!*' 6e+'e The +e*"%!*'!$!% 4h!%e !'e5 (+e #(e& *' +e(& "')%!*' /("e * 2 ('& *+ %he v p ('& v pv s $*&e, +ee)%!/e.................................8
F!3"+e .: (5 C+*>e)%!*' %h+*"3h %he =>D v p $*&e. The *)(%!*'('& *+!e'%(%!*' * e()h +*?e ! h*' !' F!3"+e .1#. The)*(%!'e ! 3!/e' # #()6 %+!('3e. Fe(%"+e * %he $*&e (+e!'%e++e%e& ( **: 4a5 )*'%!'e'%( )+"%, 4b5 *+e(+) #(!',4c5 )e'%+( #(!', 4d5 )*'%!'e'%( $('%e, ('& 4e5 "#&")%!'3*)e('!) )+"%. The #"e &(he& !'e ! %he "'e+%"+#e& %h+"%!'%e+()e. I' e)%!*' C>C′, 4f 5 ! ( h!3h /e*)!% ('*$( *)(%e&(#*/e %he (%e !'%e+()e, ('& 4g5 ! ( $(e+ h!3h /e*)!%('*$( !' %he P!)h!e$" +e3!*' 4e)%!*' A>A′5. #5 C+*>e)%!*'h*!'3 v pv s (*'3 e)%!*' C>C′. B()6 &*% (+e +e*)(%e&(%e+h*)6 !%h Ml =.0, !%h ( $!'!$"$ * 20 P> ('& 20 S>
!)6, +ee)%!/e. The h!%e !'e &e'*%e %he +e*"%!*' !$!%,#(e& *' ('(! * %he +e*"%!*' $(%+!; 4F!3"+e .=5............
F!3"+e .7: (5 C*$(+!*' * v p (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e 4)**"+e&!$(3e, #()6 )*'%*"+5 !%h %he )*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*' *M*+e'* e% (. 420125 4#"e )*'%*"+5. The *)(%!*' * %he h!3h/e*)!% ('*$( #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e )*++e(%e !%h ( +e3!*'* +e(%!/e * )*e!$!) !. The %* $(!' ! (%)he)*++e(%e %* *e+ v p (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e. L*)(%!*' *(%e+h*)6 43+e )!+)e5 %h(% !e (*'3 *+ )*e %* %he %h+"%!'%e+()e (+e h*', h!3h!3h%!'3 %he (+e e!$!)!%
(*)!(%e& !%h %he ('*$(. The +e& %(+ ! %he USGS>NEICe!)e'%+e. The h!%e !'e &e'*%e %he "> ('& &*'>&!
![Page 11: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 11/228
+e*"%!*' !$!% * *"+ %*$*3+(h $*&e. #5 F*+e(+) B*"3"e+3+(/!% ('*$(, &e+!/e& +*$ %he $*&e * T((+( ('&E)h("++e' 420125. B()6 !'e (+e %he v p )*'%*"+ +*$ 4(5 *+)*$(+!*'.............................................................................101
F!3"+e .: (5 Re)*'%+")%!*' * %he N()( ('& P()!?) (%e (%
20M( !"%+(%!'3 %h(% %he )e'%+( Ch!e(' $(+3!' 43+ee' #*;e&(+e(5 $( h(/e *+$e& (% ( !$!(+ %!$e %* (' (+e( *#(%h$e%+!) he%e+*3e'e!% 4+e& #*;e& (+e(5 *' %he P()!?) (%e,'* *)(%e& (% =7S 4#5.......................................................10=
F!3"+e .: S)he$(%!) !'%e++e%(%!*' #(e& *' *"+ %*$*3+(h!)$*&e. O"+ =>D $*&e ! )"% (*'3 %* e)%!*': =.7S %* h*%he /e*)!% %+")%"+e * %he *)e('!) !%h*he+e, ('& =S %*h* %he %+")%"+e * %he *+e(+). The 3e*$e%+ * %he +"%"+e('e ! !"%+(%e& #e%ee' %hee %* e)%!*'. The "#&")%e&%**3+(h!) ('*$( h!)h !e #e'e(%h %he )*(%( +('3e (%(+*"'& =S &!+"% %he +e3"(+ $e3(%h+"% !'%e+()eh*e/e+, e )(''*% %e he%he+ !% ! %! " )*"e& %* %he&*'3*!'3 (%e. The +e& %(+ &e'*%e %he h*)e'%+( *)(%!*'* %he $(!'h*)6. <h!%e !'e (*'3 %he !'%e+()e h* %he)*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*' 4M*+e'* e% (., 20125....................107
F!3"+e 7.1: Ge*%e)%*'!) )h(+()%e+!%!) ('& !$!?e& 3e**3!)($( * %he )e'%+( Ch!e(' $(+3!'. M*+h*%e)%*'!) "'!% (+e+*$ G*&' e% (. 42005 ('& %he 3e**3!)( ! $( +e&+('(%e+ Se+'(3e*$!' 4200=5, Me'!)6 ('& E)h%e+ 4200(5 ('&-"e e% (. 420115. The +e& #*; !' %he !'e% $( 3!/e %he*)(%!*' * %he %"& (+e(. L(#e h* %he '($e * %he
*)(%!*' +ee++e& %* !' %h! )h(%e+........................................111F!3"+e 7.2: M( * %he M("e e3$e'% (*'3 %he S*"%h Ce'%+( Ch!e$(+3!' )**"+e& # #(%h$e%+%**3+(h. The $(!' +"%"+e)h(+()%e+!%!) * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e (+e h*'. The "+e%(+ h* %he e!)e'%+e * %he $(!'h*)6 4H(e e% (., 201=5 ('& %he #"e )*'%*"+ +e+ee'% )*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*' 4 $5 !' 2 $ !'%e+/( 4M*+e'* e% (., 20125. T+!('3e )*++e*'&%* e!$!) %(%!*' "e& !' %he /e*)!% !'/e+!*'. B()6)+*e !'&!)(%e %he h*+!*'%( 3+!& '*&e "e& !' %he =>D!'/e+!*' ('& +e& )!+)e h* %he +e!$!'(+ *)(%!*' * e(+%h-"(6e "e& !' %he /e*)!% !'/e+!*'. Th!)6 #()6 !'e
h* %he *)(%!*' * )+*>e)%!*' %h(% (+e h*' !' %h!)h(%e+...................................................................................11
F!3"+e 7.=: Re"% * %he 1>D /e*)!% $*&e !'/e+!*'. (5 1>D/e*)!% $*&e h*!'3 %he +('3e * %(+%!'3 $*&e, +('3e *!'/e+%e& $*&e 43+e h(&!'35, ('& %he +ee++e& /e*)!%$*&e 4+e& !'e5. #5 M( * 1>D %(%!*' &e( %e+$. The+ee+e')e %(%!*' ! !'&!)(%e& # %he #()6 %+!('3e...............11
F!3"+e 7.: 4e%5 S'%he%!) =>D v p !'"% $*&e ('& 4+!3h%5)*++e*'&!'3 !'/e+!*' +e"% *+ %he +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e%.L*)(%!*' * %he ?/e )+*>e)%!*' (+e h*' !' F!3"+e 7.2.
B()6 )+*e !'&!)(%e !'/e+!*' '*&e ('& h!%e &*% h* %he*)(%!*' * %he e(+%h-"(6e "e&. The %h!)6 3+e !'e 3!/e+e3!*' * %he $*&e !%h 3**& +e*"%!*'. A+e( !%h +e&")e&
10
![Page 12: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 12/228
+e*"%!*' (+e (&e& +e3!*' !%h '* +e*"%!*' (+e e% #('6. The *)(%!*' * %he )*(%!'e ! &e'*%e& # %he h!%e %+!('3e................................................................................................121
F!3"+e 7.7: 4e%5 S'%he%!) =>D v pv s !'"% $*&e ('& 4+!3h%5)*++e*'&!'3 !'/e+!*' +e"% *+ %he +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e%.
L*)(%!*' * %he ?/e %+e')h>e+e'&!)"(+ )+*>e)%!*' (+eh*' !' F!3"+e 7.2. <h!%e &*% !'&!)(%e %he *)(%!*' * %he e(+%h-"(6e "e& !' %he %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*'. I' )+*>e)%!*' B>B9, e !')"&e ( * v pv s ('*$( !' %he "#&")%!'3*)e('!) !%h*he+e %he !'/e+!*' ! '*% (#e %* " +e)*/e+%h! ('*$(...........................................................................122
F!3"+e 7.: Re*"%!*' e%!$(%e * %he 2>D /e*)!% $*&e #(e& *'('(! * %he MRM. B()6 )+*e !'&!)(%e %he *)(%!*' *!'/e+!*' '*&e. The &!Je+e'% )**"+ "++*"'&!'3 e()h '*&e+e+ee'% %he SF /("e. The #()6 )!+)e h* &!(3*'(ee$e'% * %he +e*"%!*' $(%+!;. G+ee' !'e +e+ee'% %he0 )*'%*"+ !'e * %he +e*"%!*' 6e+'e. The )*(%!'e ! 3!/e'# %he #()6 %+!('3e..............................................................12=
F!3"+e 7.: Re"% * %he #**%%+(>+e($!'3 %e% h*!'3 %he(%!( &!%+!#"%!*' * /e*)!% %('&(+& &e/!(%!*' !' %he 2>D$*&e. The )*(%!'e ! 3!/e' # %he #()6 %+!('3e...............12
F!3"+e 7.8: Re*"%!*' e%!$(%e * *"+ =>D /e*)!% $*&e #(e& *'('(! * %he MRM. Fe(%"+e (+e *%%e& !' %he ($e ( (F!3"+e 7.. L*)(%!*' * %he ?/e )+*>e)%!*' (+e h*' !'F!3"+e 7.2...............................................................................127
F!3"+e 7.: 2>D /e*)!% $*&e *%%e& *' ( )+*>e)%!*' *+!e'%(%e&
e+e'&!)"(+ %* %he %+e')h. C+*e !'&!)(%e 3+!& '*&e ('&h!%e )!+)e 3!/e %he 2>D *)(%!*' * e/e'% +*$ %he%*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*'. B(e& *' ('(! * %he MRM ('& %he)h(+()%e+!%!) $*&e %e%, !$!% * e>+e*/e& (+e( (+e3!/e' # %he %h!)6 3+e !'e. Re3!*' !%h &!$!'!he& +e*"%!*'(+e (&e& "'+e*/e& +e3!*' (+e e% #('6. L(#e +ee+ %* %he**!'3 e(%"+e %h(% (+e &!)"e& !' %he %e;%: $ $(+!'e*+e(+) *) *)e('!) )+"% ) "e+ *+e(+) )+"% )& Ce'%+( De+e!*' )$ )*'%!'e'%( $('%e. The %h!)6 #()6!'e !'&!)(%e %he *)(%!*' * *"+ )()"(%e& (%e !'%e+()e. The"+e %(+ &e'*%e %he h*)e'%+( *)(%!*' * %he M("e
e(+%h-"(6e 4H(e e% (., 201=5. The *)(%!*' * %he )*(%!'e !&e'*%e& # %he h!%e %+!('3e................................................12
F!3"+e 7.10: =>D /e*)!% $*&e *%%e& (*'3 ?/e )+*>e)%!*', *h!)h %he *)(%!*' (+e (#ee& *' %he (+ +!3h% ('& h*' !'F!3"+e 7.2. L(#e +ee+ %* %he **!'3 e(%"+e %h(% (+e&!)"e& !' %he %e;%: PA P!)h!e$" ('*$( CA C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(. Re*"%!*' !$!% (+e &e?'e& !' %he ($e( ( F!3"+e 7....................................................................128
F!3"+e 7.11: (5 =>D v p $*&e *%%e& ( &e%h e)%!*'. L(#e +ee+%* %he **!'3 e(%"+e %h(% (+e &!)"e& !' %he %e;%: $
$(+!'e *+e(+) *) *)e('!) )+"% ) "e+ *+e(+) )+"% )& Ce'%+( De+e!*' PA P!)h!e$" ('*$( CA C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(. Re*"%!*' !$!% (+e &e?'e& !' %he ($e
11
![Page 13: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 13/228
( ( F!3"+e 7.. 4#5 F*+e(+) B*"3"e+ 3+(/!% ('*$(4Ch(%e+ F*"+5 */e+(!' # )*'%*"+ * v p $*&e (% 27 6$ &e%h.C*'%*"+ (+e 3!/e' *+ v p !' %he +('3e .278.00 6$. I'e%:)(%%e+ *% h*!'3 %he )*++e(%!*' #e%ee' *+e(+) B*"3"e+3+(/!% ('*$( ('& *+e(+) v p (% 27 6$, ($e& (% 0.2
!'%e+/( * (%!%"&e ('& *'3!%"&e.........................................12F!3"+e 7.12: Se!$!) /e*)!%!e (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e +*$ %he 2>D $*&e ( ( "')%!*' * &e%h *+ 4(5 v p ('& 4#5 v pv s. G+eh(&!'3 h* *"+ e%!$(%e& "')e+%(!'%. 4)5 H!%*3+($ * (%e!'%e+()e (%e+h*)6 e(+%h-"(6e &e%h ('& '*+$(!e&)*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*'. T+e')h>e+e'&!)"(+ ! +*?e%+(/e+e %he '*+%he+' ! (e+!%. A%e+h*)6 h*)e'%+e (+e+e*)(%e& +*$ %he )(%(*3"e * R!e%#+*)6 e% (. 420125. 4&5De%h>e3$e'%(%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e +e3!*' #(e& *'!'%e++e%(%!*' * %he e!$!) /e*)!%!e ('& e!$!) )h(+()%e+ *%he M("e $e3(%h+"%. Le%%e+ !' %he e%>h('& )*"$')*++e*'& %* %he $e3(%h+"% &*$(!' * L( e% (. 420125..1==
F!3"+e 7.1=: D!%+!#"%!*' * 4%*5 v p ('& 4#*%%*$5 v pv s (*'3 %he(%e !'%e+()e +e3!*' )*$(+e& !%h #eh(/!*"+ * %he M("e$e3(%h+"% */e+ %he e!$!) ))e. L(#e +ee+ %* %he e(%"+e&!)"e& !' %he %e;% ('& (+e &e?'e& !' %he )(%!*' * F!3"+e7.10. (5 C*'%*"+ * +ee!$!) *)6!'3 * %he $e3(%h+"%4M*+e'* ('& R*e'(", 20105 4#"e !'e5 (+e *+ *)6!'3 *3+e(%e+ %h(' 0. ('& 3!/e' !' !'%e+/( * 0.1. 4#5 M(!'h*)6e!)e'%+( *)(%!*' +*$ H(e e% (. 4201=5. C*e!$!) !&!%+!#"%!*' 4M*+e'* e% (., 20125 *%%e& ( *+ F!3"+e 7.2.
<h!%e )!+)e 3!/e %he *)(%!*' * h!3h +e-"e') e'e+3 +ee(e&"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e 4K!e+ ('& Ih!!, 20115. 4)5C*'%*"+ * (%e+! 1 $ 4Y. N. L!' e% (., 201=5, 4#"e !'e5*%%e& !' 0.2 $ !'%e+/(. G+e )!+)e h* %he &!%+!#"%!*' *+e*)(%e& (%e !'%e+()e (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!%......................1=7
F!3"+e 7.1: (5 S)(%%e+ *% h*!'3 %he +e(%!*'h! #e%ee')*e!$!) ! ('& (%e !'%e+()e v *+ 200 6$ &e%h. The)*++e(%!*' )*e)!e'%, r , ('& ( #e%>?%%!'3 !'e 4#()65 (+eh*'. Th+ee 3+*" * v > )*e!$!) ! )h(+()%e+ (+e 3!/e'# %he )**"+e& +e)%('3e. 4#5 P*!'% +e$(e& %* )he)6he%he+ %he )*++e(%!*' ! (%!( )*++e(%e& # (&*%!'3 %he
(+*()h * M*+e'* e% (. 42015. Th! %e% h* %h(% %he(%%e+' * )*++e(%!*' ! (%e+( )*'%!'"*", h*!'3 ( (%!(+e(%!*'h! #e%ee' v ('& )*e!$!) ! *+ %he &*'>&! (+%* %he +"%"+e.........................................................................1=
F!3"+e 7.17: C*$(+!*' #e%ee' $('"( &e%e+$!'e& h*)e'%+(*)(%!*' +*$ *"+ %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' 4+*$ *'h*+e ('&*Jh*+e e!$!) %(%!*'5 !%h %h*e #(e& *' ("%*$(%!) *'e%%!$e &e%e+$!'(%!*' 4+*$ *'h*+e e!$!) %(%!*' *'54R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125...........................................................1=8
F!3"+e 7.1: Re*)(%e& ('& )*++e)%e& (%e+h*)6 *)(%!*' +*$ %he
" 2010 )(%(*3"e )*++e)%e& *+ %e$(%!) $!*)(%!*'.E/e'% !%h ( $!'!$"$ * 12 P>(/e ('& 12 S>(/e*#e+/(%!*' (+e h*'. Fe(%"+e (+e *%%e& !' %he ($e (
12
![Page 14: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 14/228
( F!3"+e 7.10.........................................................................1=F!3"+e .1: S)he$(%!) *+6@* * %!$e>&*$(!' $*$e'% %e'*+
!'/e+!*' "!'3 %he ISOLA *%(+e ()6(3e, h*!'3 %he %e+e-"!+e& ('& ee)%!*' * (+($e%e+....................................171
F!3"+e .1: L*)(%!*' $( * %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e. S%(%!*'
"e& *+ $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*' (+e (#ee& # %he!+)*++e*'&!'3 %(%!*' )*&e. O%he+ %(%!*' (+e "e& *+h*)e'%+e +e*)(%!*' *'. Sh(&!'3 !'&!)(%e +"%"+e (+e( *3+e(% e(+%h-"(6e !' 10 4M*+e'* e% (., 2005 ('& 20104M*+e'* e% (., 20125. I'e%: Re3!*'( (%e %e)%*'!) e%%!'3..18
F!3"+e .2: S!3'(>%*>'*!e +(%!* ('(! *+ %(%!*' "e& !' %he!'3e ('& $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*'. The &(he& /e+%!)(!'e &e'*%e %he (+*;!$(%e +e-"e') +('3e "e&.............10
F!3"+e .=: 1>D /e*)!% $*&e %e%e& !' %h! %"& #(e& *' *"+*)( %*$*3+(h!) $*&e 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5. M*&e B 4C*(%!'e5( "e& *+ %he ?'( *"+)e *"%!*'..................................12
F!3"+e .: S'%he%!) *"+)e +e)*/e+ %e% *+ &!Je+e'% *"+)e)*'?3"+(%!*' 4A>D5. The '"$#e+ (#*/e e()h #e()h #(+e+ee'% %he !'"% ('& +e)*/e+e& )e'%+*!& %!$e * e()h*"+)e. F*+ %he !'3e>*"+)e !'/e+!*', *)( $e)h('!$ (+e)**"+e& # DC. F*+ %he $"%!e *"+)e !'/e+!*' +e"%,*)( $e)h('!$ (+e )**"+e& # %he K(3(' ('3e 4$!'!$"$+*%(%!*' ('3e5 !%h +ee)% %* %he )*++e*'&!'3 !'"% #e()h#(.........................................................................................1=
F!3"+e .7: S!'3e *"+)e !'/e+!*' +e"%. (5 C*$(+!*' #e%ee'%he *#e+/e& 4#()65 ('& '%he%!) 4+e&5 (/e*+$.
<(/e*+$ (+e ?%e+e& !' %he +e-"e') +('3e 0.020.0 H.S%(%!*' '($e (+e h*' *' %he +!3h% ('& %he )*$*'e'% (+e(#ee& (% %he %*. N"$#e+ 'e;% %* (/e*+$ &e'*%e)*++e*'&!'3 /(+!(')e +e&")%!*'. #5 G+e #e()h #( h**"%!*' /(+!(#!!% #(e& *' ()66'!?'3 %e%, (#ee& !%h %he%(%!*' +e$*/e& !' e()h !'/e+!*'. The )**"+e& 3+!& +e+ee'%%he )*++e(%!*' #e%ee' (/e*+$ *+ e()h %+!( *!'%>*"+)e*!%!*' 4'"$#e+e&5. S*"%!*' %h(% !e !%h!' 0 * %he$(;!$"$ R (+e *%%e& !' #()6. The h!3he% )*++e(%!*'*"%!*' ! *%%e& !' +e&. The +e& %(+ &e'*%e %he e!)e'%+e *%he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e......................................................18
F!3"+e .: D*"#e>)*"e e+)e'%(3e 4DC5 ('& /(+!(')e+e&")%!*' 4R5 * %he !'3e *!'%>*"+)e /e+" +e-"e'). A%+('!%!*' *))"+ (% 0.07 H, he+e R "&&e' &e)+e(e#e)("e %he (/e*+$ )(''*% #e e;(!'e& # ( !'3e *!'%>*"+)e (*'e. Th! )h('3e ! !"%+(%e& # +e+ee'%(%!/e(/e*+$ (% * ('& h!3h +e-"e')!e.................................1
F!3"+e .: C*$(+!*' #e%ee' %he *#e+/e& 4#()65 ('& '%he%!)4+e&5 (/e*+$ (% h!3h +e-"e')!e 40.020.08 H5 *"%!*'"!'3 ( !'3e *!'%>*"+)e. S%(%!*' '($e (+e (#ee&.N"$#e+ (*'3!&e e()h (/e*+$ )*$*'e'% &e'*%e %he
)*++e*'&!'3 R...................................................................180F!3"+e .8: C*++e(%!*' 4#()6 !'e5 ('& %*%( $*$e'% 4+e& &(he&!'e5 * %he $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*' ( ( "')%!*' *
1=
![Page 15: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 15/228
%+!('3e e'3%h "!'3 !%e+(%!/e &e)*'/*"%!*'. Be()h #( (#*/e('& #e* %he !'e 3!/e %he #e%>?%%!'3 $e)h('!$ *+ E/e'% I('& II, +ee)%!/e..................................................................181
F!3"+e .: (5 O#e+/e& 4#()65 ('& '%he%!) 4+e&5 (/e*+$ *+%he #e%>?%%!'3 h!3h +e-"e') 40.020.08 H5 *"%!*' "!'3
%* *!'%>*"+)e. S%(%!*' '($e (+e (#ee&. N"$#e+(*'3!&e e()h (/e*+$ )*$*'e'% &e'*%e R. B"e ('&3+ee' h(&!'3 &e'*%e %he )*'%+!#"%!*' +*$ e()h e/e'%. #5<(/e*+$ )*++e(%!*' *+ e()h e/e'% ( ( "')%!*' * %+!( *!'%>*"+)e *!%!*' 4'"$#e+e&5. The %!$e h!% * E/e'% I ('& II(+e h*'. B()6 #e()h #( (+e *"%!*' %h(% !e !%h!' 0 * %he #e%>?%%!'3 *"%!*'9 4+e& #e()h #(5 R. The +e& %(+&e'*%e %he e(+%h-"(6e9 e!)e'%+e. )5 Re"%!'3 $*$e'%>+(%e"')%!*' *#%(!'e& "!'3 NNLS................................................18
F!3"+e .10: Be%>?%%!'3 *"%!*' 4!%h!' %he 8%h e+)e'%!e5 *+ %he%*>*!'%>*"+)e, h!3h +e-"e') *"%!*' "!'3 %he $*$e'%>)*'%+(!'e& NNLS. The )**"+ * e()h #e()h #( !'&!)(%e %he)e'%+*!& %!$e * e()h *"+)e..................................................188
F!3"+e .11: (5 M( ('& #5 )+*>e)%!*' h*!'3 *)(%!*' ('&*)( $e)h('!$ * (%e+h*)6 4G+*" A ('& B5 ('&$(!'h*)6 e/e'% 4(#ee& E>I ('& E>II5. F("%!'3 %e !)(!?e& *' +!')!( %+e *+!e'%(%!*' 4F+*h!)h, 125 ('&$!'!$"$ +*%(%!*' ('3e !%h +ee)% %* (%e !'%e+()e %h+"%("%!'3 4H(e e% (., 201=5, ())*"'%!'3 *+ (%e !'%e+()e3e*$e%+ 4#()6 !'e Ch(%e+ F!/e5. <e *% %he +e/!e&*)(%!*' * E/e'% II, #(e& *' =>D (/e*+$ $*&e!'3. M(e&
("% (+e h*' 4Me'!)6 e% (., 200 Me'!)6 ('& E)h%e+,200#5 MFV M*)h(>!(++!)( ("% *'e. The )+*>e)%!*'#()63+*"'& ! +*$ *"+ P>(/e /e*)!% $*&e 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5.
The %(+ &e'*%e %he h*)e'%+e * %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e%he %+!('3e h* %he )*(%!'e.............................................10
F!3"+e .12: =>D /!e * %he he;(he&+( $eh "e& *+ %he =>D(/e*+$ !$"(%!*'. Th! $eh h*'*"+ "+()e +e!e ('&#(%h$e%+, #"% &*e '*% )*'%(!' &!!'3 3e**3!)(&!)*'%!'"!%!e (% &e%h..........................................................11
F!3"+e .1=: Re)*/e+ * =>D '%he%!) (/e*+$ "!'3 %he!'/e+!*' #(e& *' 1>D G+ee'9 "')%!*'. I' e()h )(e, !'"%
*"+)e (+e #(e& *' %he +e"% +*$ *"+ +e( &(%( !'/e+!*'. O'%he +!3h%, %he *"+)e *!%!*' * E/e'% II ! ()e& (% *"+)e*!%!*' 1. I' e()h )(e, %he 1>D !'/e+!*' +e"% !' (%e$(%!) *"%h(+& h!%, ( h*' # %he (++*.............12
F!3"+e .1: S)he$(%!) !'%e++e%(%!*' * %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e+"%"+e. P(%e !'%e+()e %h+"%!'3 4E/e'% I5 %+!33e+e& ( +"%"+e(*'3 (' e;%e'!*'( ("% !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e 4E/e'% II5. I% !!6e %h(% %* 3+e(% e(+%h-"(6e !' 10 ('& 2010 #+*"3h%#*%h ("% )*e+ %* (!"+e. A h*' # (')!e'% "#$(+!'e('&!&e &e*!% !' %he (+e( 4Gee+e' e% (., 2011#5, ( (+3e+>
)(e +"%"+e !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e h( %he *%e'%!( %* ()% (( %"'($!3e'!) e(+%h-"(6e. Be()h #( +e+ee'% %he *)($e)h('!$ * #*%h $(!'h*)6 e/e'%. The !'e% h* %he
1
![Page 16: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 16/228
!'%e++e%e& %+")%"+e * )*'"3(%e '*+$( ("%!'3 !%h %he#()63+*"'& )**"+ +e+ee'%!'3 v pv 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5.............1=
F!3"+e .17: Th+ee>)*$*'e'% /e*)!% %+()e * %he !$"(%e&e!$!) (/e?e& * E/e'% I Wee'9 # E/e'% II. The (/e*+$ !#('&( ?%e+e& (% 0.020.17 H. The =>D !$"(%!*' !
3e'e+(%e& !' %he ($e ( ( &e)+!#e& !' Se)%!*' .0 (+e)e!/e+ ! ()e& (% %he )e'%+*!& *)(%!*' * E/e'% II. The6'*' )e'%+*!& %!$e * E/e'% I ('& II (+e h*'. A%h*"3h e)(''*% !'*!'% %he e;()% '")e(%!*' %!$e * E/e'% II, !% ! )e(+%h(% %he (++!/( * h!3h ($!%"&e S>(/e +*$ E/e'% I !)*!')!&e'% !%h %he *!#e '")e(%!*' %(3e * E/e'% II, #(e&*' !% *"+)e &"+(%!*' * 18 .................................................1
F!3"+e .1: Re3!*'( +e)*+&!'3 * %he Mw .1 2011 A+(")('!(4(%e !'%e+()e %h+"%!'3 ('& "e+ (%e '*+$( ("%!'35,2012 Mw .1 C*'%!%")!X' 4(%e !'%e+()e %h+"%!'3 *'5 ('&2010 Mw .1 P!)h!e$" 4"e+ (%e '*+$( ("%!'3 *'5e(+%h-"(6e (% %he e+$('e'% GSN %(%!*', TRQA !' e(%e+'A+3e'%!'(. The e%>h('& ('e h* %he '*+$(!e& +e-"e')4%*5 e)%+( ('& %+()e *+ e()h )*$*'e'%: (5 e% #5 e(%)5 /e+%!)(. The $( !' %he +!3h%>h('& ('e h* %he *)(%!*'* %he %h+ee e(+%h-"(6e, )*++e*'&!'3 CMT *"%!*' ('& %he*)(%!*' * %(%!*' TRQA.........................................................17
F!3"+e 8.1: C*$(+!*' * *"+ +e!$!'(+ (%e+h*)6 $*$e'%%e'*+ )(%(*3"e 4%* e%5 !%h %h*e (+e(& "#!he& *+ %hee+!*& e'&!'3 De)e$#e+ 2010 4A3"+%* e% (., 2012 H(e e%(., 201=5. S*"%!*' +*$ %he 3*#( CMT +*e)% 4E6%+$ e% (.,
20125 (+e (* h*' 4#*%%*$ +!3h%5. F("%!'3 $e)h('!$ (+e)(!?e& #(e& *' %he "'3e ('3e * +!')!( %+ee4F+*h!)h, 125. Re/e+e ("%!'3 %e ! )h*e' +*$ %he$!'!$"$ +*%(%!*' ('3e !%h +ee)% %* ( +ee+e')e *"%!*'+e+ee'%!'3 "+e (%e !'%e+()e %h+"%!'3 #(e& *' (#3e*$e%+ 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5........................................................207
F!3"+e 8.2: M( ('& )+*>e)%!*' * !'%+((%e (%e+h*)6$e)h('!$ )*$#!'e& +*$ %he &!Je+e'% )(%(*3"e h*' !'F!3"+e 8.1. I'%e++e%(%!*' * *!#e "e+ (%e ("%3e*$e%+!e (+e !"%+(%e& !' %he )+*>e)%!*'. FAP +*'%(())+e%!*'(+ +!$ PA< ((e*>())+e%!*'(+ e&3e CF
)+"%( +($e*+6 PA P!)h!e$" ('*$( OC *)e('!))+"% OM *)e('!) $('%e...................................................20
F!3"+e 8.=: C*$(+!*' * %he +e(%!*'h! #e%ee' (%e !'%e+()e%+")%"+e 4e%: v p, )e'%+e: v pv s ('& $e3(%h+"% ! *+ %heM("e, Ch!e ('& T*h*6", Z((' e(+%h-"(6e. The M("e +*?e(+e &+(' !' ( !$!(+ ( %* F!3"+e 7.12, "!'3 %he )*e!$!)! $*&e * M*+e'* e% (. 420125. Se!$!) /e*)!%!e *+ %he
T*h*6" $e3(%h+"% )*$e +*$ Y($($*%* e% (. 42015 ('&)*e!$!) ! ! +*$ G"$(' e% (. 420125. The (++* !'&!)(%e%he &e%h *Je% !' $(;!$"$ v pv s ('& )*e!$!) ! #e%ee'
#*%h +"%"+e *'e.................................................................208F!3"+e 8.: L*)(%!*' ('& ("%!'3 $e)h('!$ * %he e/e'% &e)+!#e&!' T(#e 8.1 %h(% h( #ee' "e& %* !$"(%e e!$!) (/e
17
![Page 17: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 17/228
+*(3(%!*' %he )e'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e. Re& %+!('3e&e'*%e %(%!*' !%h h!3h>-"(!% #+*(&#('& +e)*+&!'3 * %h!e/e'% 4F!3"+e 8.5...................................................................211
F!3"+e 8.7: =>D !$(3e * %he $eh 4( /!ee& +*$ %he *"%h5 %h(%! "e& %* 3e'e+(%e %he h!3h +e-"e') =>D (/e*+$
!$"(%!*' !'!&e %he e'%!+e +"%"+e *'e * %he M("ee(+%h-"(6e.............................................................................212F!3"+e 8.: Re+ee'%(%!/e /e*)!% (/e*+$ ?% )*$(+!'3 =>D
'%he%!) !%h *#e+/e& (/e*+$ *+ %he !$"(%e& %e%e/e'%. <(/e*+$ (+e #('&( ?%e+e& (% 0.070.7 H.L*)(%!*' * %hee %(%!*' (+e h*' !' F!3"+e 8.. O+('3e!'e !'&!)(%e P>(/e *'e% %!$e..........................................21=
F!3"+e 8.: U'?%e+e& !*%+*!) e'!%!/!% 6e+'e * he(+ $*&""4'*+$(!e&5, ( /!ee& +*$ %he *"%h, !%h ( /e+%!)( !)e%h+*"3h %he h*)e'%+( +e3!*' * %he %"&!e& e/e'%. Ee/(%!*'e;(33e+(%!*' 2:1................................................................21
1
![Page 18: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 18/228
LIST OF TABLES
T(#e 1.1: H*)e'%+e e%!$(%e * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e.............2 T(#e 2.1: E%!$(%e * %he !'%e+e)%!*' &e%h #e%ee' %he)*'%!'e'%( M*h* ('& (%e !'%e+()e *+ &!Je+e'% "#&")%!*'*'e. ST )(%%e+!'3 %*$*3+(h RF +e)e!/e+ "')%!*'LET *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h RE +e@e)%e& h(e RR +e+()%!*' e!$**3............................................................7
T(#e 2.2: E%!$(%e * "#&")%!*' )h(''e %h!)6'e *+ &!Je+e'%"#&")%!*' *'e.....................................................................2
T(#e 2.=: S"$$(+ * 6e *#e+/(%!*' *+ &!Je+e'% h!)(+*e+%!e (Je)%!'3 $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'e!.......................
T(#e 7.1: S"$$(+ * !'/e+!*' (+($e%e+ "e& (% e()h %e. GAP
$!'!$"$ (!$"%h( 3(.....................................................11 T(#e .1: Ee$e'%(+ $*$e'% %e'*+ "e& !' %he !'/e+!*'
$e%h*& * K!6")h! ('& K('($*+! 4115................................17 T(#e .1: H*)e'%+( e%!$(%e *+ %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e..1 T(#e .2: S!'3e *!'%>*"+)e CMT *"%!*' *+ %he A+(")('!(
e(+%h-"(6e. N*&( ('e (+e &e)+!#e& # %+!6e&!+(6e 45................................................................................................1
T(#e .=: Re"% +*$ %he '%he%!) e'!%!/!% %e% &e)+!#e& !'Se)%!*' .=.1 ('& +ee'%e& !' F!3"+e .. P*. *"+)e*!%!*' Me)h. *)( $e)h('!$ R*%. ('3e +*%(%!*' ('3e!%h +ee)% %* !'"% *"+)e $e)h('!$................................17
T(#e .: Re(%!/e "')e+%(!'% e%!$(%e * &!Je+e'% ("%!'3 %e*+ ( !'3e *!'%>*"+)e *Jh*+e 4*"+)e *!%!*' 15.U')e+%(!'%!e (+e )()"(%e& *+ #*%h *"+ ()%"( %(%!*'&!%+!#"%!*' 4F!3"+e .15 ('& ( 'e%*+6 * !&e( &!%+!#"%e&%(%!*'...................................................................................1
T(#e .7: S*"+)e %(#!!% * %he $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*'#(e& *' %he +e"% * +e$*/!'3 *'e %(%!*' (% ( %!$e +*$ %he!'/e+!*' 4()66'!?'35. Thee ()66'!?'3 +e"% (+e )*$(+e&!%h %he #e%>?%%!'3 *"%!*' *#%(!'e& "!'3 ( (/(!(#e%(%!*'. S*"+)e *)(%!*' +ee+ %* %he 3+!& *!%!*' !"%+(%e& !'
F!3"+e .#. S%(%!*' (+e *+&e+e& !' e!)e'%+( &!%(')e. Thee+e"% h* %he +e$(+6(# )*'!%e'% $e)h('!$ *+ #*%h"#>e/e'%, !'&!)(%!'3 !'&ee'&e')e +*$ %he e;()% e%%(%!*' "e& !' %he !'/e+!*'................................................18
T(#e .: Dee'&e')e * E/e'% II *"%!*' *' %he *!%!*' ('&$e)h('!$ * E/e'% I.............................................................18
T(#e 8.1: S*"+)e (+($e%e+ * %he %e% e/e'% "e& *+ %he =>D(/e*+$ !$"(%!*' &e)+!#e& !' %h! e)%!*'......................211
1
![Page 19: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 19/228
LIST OF ENCLOSURES
E')*"+e 1: WS"#>(# $('%e ('!*%+* #e'e(%h *"%h>)e'%+(Ch!e9. P(e+ "#!he& !' Earth and Planetary Science etters # S%ehe' H!)6, S%"(+% N!+e ('& A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6 !'De)e$#e+ 2012.
E')*"+e 2: WThe 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e: '")e(%!*'('& +"%"+e )*'%+*e& # ( "#&")%e& %**3+(h!) h!3h. P(e+"#!he& !' !eophysical "esearch etters # S%ehe' H!)6,A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6, Ch+!%!(' H(#e+('&, I(#ee R&e+, M(+6S!$*' ('& A'&+ T((+( !' De)e$#e+ 2012.
E')*"+e =: WA'(%*$ * ( $e3(%h+"%: The 2010 M8.8 M("e,Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e !$(3e& "!'3 e!$!)
%*$*3+(h9. P(e+ "#!he& !' Earth and Planetary Scienceetters # S%ehe' H!)6, A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6, I(#ee R&e+,Ch(*>Sh!'3 Lee ('& M(%%he M!e+ !' A"3"% 201.
E')*"+e : WSe!$!) See& #"$ *"'& !' Ch!e9 e(+%h-"(6e*'e9. Ne (+%!)e (#*"% %he $(!' +e"% +*$ Ch(%e+ F!/e+!%%e' # Be)6 O6!' ('& "#!he& # livescience.co# $%ahoo &ews *' N*/e$#e+ , 201.
18
![Page 20: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 20/228
LIST OF ABBREIATIONS
DC D*"#e>)*"e e+)e'%(3e2>D T*>&!$e'!*'(=>D Th+ee>&!$e'!*'(BDT B+!%%e>&")%!e %+('!%!*'CLD C*$e'(%e& !'e(+ /e)%*+ &!*eCMT Ce'%+*!& $*$e'% %e'*+CSD C*e>()e& &*"#e%CSN Ce'%+* S!$*X3!)* N()!*'(DC D*"#e>)*"eD<S De+!/(%!/e e!3h% "$FD F!'!%e>&!Je+e')e $e%h*&
f c C*+'e+ +e-"e')FE F!'!%e>ee$e'% $e%h*&GAP M!'!$"$ (!$"%h( 3(3CMT G*#( Ce'%+*!& M*$e'% Te'*+ P+*e)%GF G+ee'9 "')%!*'ID I%e+(%!/e &e)*'/*"%!*'IMAD I'%e+'(%!*'( M("e A%e+h*)6 De*$e'%LET L*)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(hOBS O)e('>#*%%*$ e!$*$e%e+MFV M*)h( F+()%"+e V*'eMRM M*&e +e*"%!*' $(%+!;Ml L*)( $(3'!%"&eMT M*$e'% %e'*+Mw M*$e'% $(3'!%"&eNNLS N*'>'e3(%!/e e(% -"(+e' A%%e'"(%!*' -"(!% ()%*+SEM Se)%+(>ee$e'% $e%h*&SF S+e(& "')%!*'SNR S!3'(>%*>'*!e +(%!*USGS U'!%e& S%(%e Ge**3!)( S"+/eR (+!(')e +e&")%!*'
v p P>(/e /e*)!%v s S>(/e /e*)!%v pv s v pv s +(%!*
ACKNO<LEDGEMENTS
I ($ /e+ 3+(%e" %* $ "e+/!*+ P+*. A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6 ('& D+.I(#ee R&e+ *+ %he!+ (!%(')e, (%!e')e ('& e')*"+(3e$e'%%h+*"3h*"% %h! +*e)%. I *"& (* !6e %* %h('6 S%"(+% N!+e
('& R()he C*!'3 *+ "e" &!)"!*' e(+ !' %he +*e)%. Th('6 %* D+. [!(* <('3 *+ h! !'/("(#e IT "*+%. I ($ (*
1
![Page 21: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 21/228
3+(%e" %* )*>("%h*+ Ch+!%!(' H(#e+('&, M(+6 S!$*', A'&+ T((+(, M(%% M!e+ ('& Ch(*>Sh!'3 Lee *+ he!'3 %* !$+*/e %he$('")+!%. I *"& (* !6e %* $e'%!*' %he N(%"+( E'/!+*'$e'%Ree(+)h C*"')!, h* "'&e& $ PhD.I (* !h %* ()6'*e&3e ( ?e& )+e %h(% %**6 (+% !' %he
&e/e*$e'%, $(!'%e'(')e ('& +e)*/e+ * e!$!) !'%+"$e'% !'%he I'%e+'(%!*'( M("e A%e+h*)6 De*$e'%. The **!'3!'%!%"%!*' +*/!&e& e!$!) !'%+"$e'% ('& ?e& )+e:IRISPASSCAL, CNRS>INSU, GFV ('& GEFSEIS>UK. I ($ h"3e3+(%e" %* #*%h %he U'!/e+!&(& &e Ch!e ('& U'!/e+!&(& &eC*')e)!X' *+ *Je+!'3 /("(#e "*+% !' %he ?e&. I %h('6 %he('&*'e+ * Ce'%+( Ch!e *+ %he!+ )**e+(%!*' &"+!'3 ( %*"3he+!*& * %!$e !' %he (%e+$(%h * %he 2010 e(+%h-"(6e. I ($(+e)!(%!/e * %he N(%!*'( T(!(' O)e(' U'!/e+!% ('& UK O)e('B*%%*$ I'%+"$e'% C*'*+%!"$ 4OBIC5F()!!% *+ "!'3 OBS!'%+"$e'%. D+. !)%*+ A+!e G((+&*, C(%(!' Z"(' !)he ('&F+e&& E)he/e++!( 3(/e /!%( "*+% *+ %he *Jh*+e &e*$e'%. I($ 3+(%e" %* %he A+$(&( &e Ch!e *+ +*/!&!'3 /ee. I *"&(* !6e %* %h('6 $ ?e& (!%('% !' Ch!e, B+#(+( B(')* A++"e,h*9e e;)ee'% E'3!h ('& 3+e(% )*$(' e+e h"3e /("(#e*' %he *'3 &+!/e. I (* !h %* %h('6 M(%% M!e+ ('& K("B(%(!e *+ 3!/!'3 e;)ee'% *3!%!)( he &"+!'3 $ %!$e !' Ch!e.I ($ !'&e#%e& %* $ )*e(3"e +*$ %he E(+%h-"(6e Se!$**3+ee(+)h 3+*" (% %he U'!/e+!% * L!/e+**: L!&*'3 B!e, T*$G(+%h, A$(( F"e'(!&(, Ch+!%!'( Ke ('& H(' A3"+%* De%e. I*"& (* !6e %* %h('6 $ +!e'&, H( R*#e+%, Z*h'' S)h*?e&,
S($ C**6e ('& T*$ A&($ *+ e'"+!'3 %h(% I ( (#e %*")!e'% !%)h *J +*$ PhD *+6 '* ('& (3(!'. I *"& !6e %*%h('6 A!)e G"!*+& *+ he+ "'(/e+!'3 "*+%. F!'(, I %h('6 $($! *+ %he!+ e')*"+(3e$e'% %h+*"3h*"% $ %"&!e, e/e'%h*"3h %he+e e+e *$e &!)"% %!$e.
PREFACE
S%ehe' P. H!)6 3+(&"(%e& !%h ( F!+% C( M(%e+ * E(+%h
S)!e')e De3+ee 4MES)!5 !' Ge**3 ('& Ge*h!) +*$ %heU'!/e+!% * L!/e+** !' 2011. I' %h! &e3+ee, he )(++!e& *"% %*&!e+%(%!*': ( 3e**3 ?e& $(!'3 +*e)% !' S*"%h A+!)( ('& (3e*h!) +ee(+)h +*e)% *' e!$!) ('!*%+*. D"+!'3 h!"'&e+3+(&"(%e &e3+ee, S%ehe' "'&e+%**6 ( %h+ee>$*'%h!'%e+'h! (% %he N(%!*'( E(+%h-"(6e I'*+$(%!*' Ce'%e+ 4NEIC5 *%he U'!%e& S%(%e Ge**3!)( S"+/e !' G*&e', C**+(&*. I' O)%*#e+2011, S%ehe' %(+%e& h! PhD +*e)% (% %he U'!/e+!% *L!/e+**, "'&e+ %he *!'% "e+/!!*' * P+*. A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6 ('&D+. I(#ee R&e+.D"+!'3 h! PhD, S%ehe' "'&e+%**6 ?e&*+6 !' )e'%+( Ch!e *+
*"+ ee6 %* &e)*$$!!*' e!$!) %(%!*' ('& +e)*/e+ &(%( +*$%he I'%e+'(%!*'( M("e A%e+h*)6 De*$e'% 4IMAD5. S%ehe'
20
![Page 22: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 22/228
h( +ee'%e& *+6 (% e/e+( !'%e+'(%!*'( )*'e+e')e !')"&!'3%he A$e+!)(' Ge*h!)( U'!*' F( Mee%!'3 4%h+ee *%e+ ('&*'e *+( +ee'%(%!*'5 ('& E"+*e(' Ge*)!e')e U'!*' 4*'e*%e+, *'e *+( ('& )*>)*'/e'e& ( e!*'5. He h( (* +ee'%e&(% e)!(!% *+6h* *' %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e !' Ch!e ('&
Ge+$('. I' Se%e$#e+ 201, S%ehe' %**6 (+% !' ( )+"!e %*&e* *)e('>#*%%*$ e!$*$e%e+ *Jh*+e * <(h!'3%*' ('&O+e3*' !' %he U'!%e& S%(%e ( (+% * %he C()(&!( I'!%!(%!/e+*e)%.I' (&&!%!*' %* %he (e+ +ee'%e& ( (+% * %h! %he!, S%ehe'?+%>("%h*+e& (' (+%!)e e'%!%e& WS"#>(# $('%e ('!*%+*#e'e(%h *"%h>)e'%+( Ch!e9 %h(% ( "#!he& !' E(+%h ('&P('e%(+ S)!e')e Le%%e+ !' De)e$#e+ 2012 4E')*"+e 15. Th!*+6 *+$e& (+% * h! MES)! &!e+%(%!*', ('& ( +!%%e' " ((e+ &"+!'3 h! PhD %"&!e.
21
![Page 23: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 23/228
Ch(%e+ 1
INTRODUCTION
He+e, e e%(#!h %he #+*(& )!e'%!?) #()63+*"'& ('& $*%!/(%!*'* %h! %he!. O')e %hee *"'&(%!*' (+e (!&, e +ee'% %he $(!'(!$ * %he +ee(+)h, (*'3 !%h %he )*++e*'&!'3 +(%!*'(e ('&*#e)%!/e *+ e()h. S"#e-"e'%, e &e)+!#e %he *+$(% * %he%he! ('& %he )*e * e()h )h(%e+. <he+e (+*+!(%e, e
*"%!'e %he )"++e'% %(%" * $('")+!% ('& %he )*'%+!#"%!*' $(&e# )*>("%h*+.
1.1Me3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6eF*+ e(+%h-"(6e e!$**3!%, %he &e)(&e )*$$e')!'3 !%h %he 200 B*;!'3 D( e(+%h-"(6e !' S"$(%+( ! #e +e$e$#e+e& *+%he e-"e')e * (+3e +"%"+e ()+* E(+%h. The %+!6!'3 !$(3e !'3*#( $e&!( * #"!&!'3 +(e& %* %he 3+*"'& ('& $(!/e %"'($!(/e h(/e (* ('%e& e(+%h-"(6e h((+& ?+$ !' %he $!'& *%he "#!) ('& *!)$(6e+. Se/e+( * %hee &($(3!'3
e(+%h-"(6e *))"++e& (*'3 )*'%!'e'%( ("% *'e, ")h ( %he200 Mw .= L9A-"!(, I%(, 2010 Mw .0 H(!%!, ('& 2017 Mw .8Ne( e(+%h-"(6e. H*e/e+, %he %+*'3e% e(+%h-"(6e *))"+(+*"'& )!+)"$>P()!?)!' "#&")%!*' *'e 4e.3. R"J ('& K('($*+!,18=5 4F!3"+e 1.15, ())*"'%!'3 *+ */e+ 7 * 3*#( e!$!)$*$e'% +ee(e 4P()he)* ('& S6e, 125. S"#&")%!*' *'e*))"+ he+e *)e('!) (%e "'&e+%h+"% ('*%he+ (%e 4e.3.Oe6e/!)h e% (., 15. A*'3 %he h(*e% (+% * "#&")%!*'(%e #*"'&(+!e 4%he seis#ogenic (one *+ #egathrust 5, #*%h (%e)(' #e *)6e& %*3e%he+ *+ h"'&+e& * e(+. The ())"$"(%e&%+(!' */e+ %h! %!$e )(' #e +ee(e& !%h!' ( $(%%e+ * $!'"%e
&"+!'3 (' Mw 8.0 $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e. S")h $e3(%h+"%e(+%h-"(6e h(/e %he *%e'%!( %* )("e e'*+$*" &($(3e &"e %*%+*'3 h(6!'3 (% %he "+()e. E/e' *, ( h*' # %he 200S"$(%+( ('& 2011 Z((' e(+%h-"(6e, %"'($! )(' #e e-"(, !'*% $*+e, &($(3!'3. S"#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e )("e& */e+=00,000 &e(%h !' %he e+!*& 200201 4U'!%e& S%(%e Ge**3!)(S"+/e, 20175. <!%h %hee h((+&, $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e (+e *e'*+$*" )!e'%!?) !'%e+e%.
22
![Page 24: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 24/228
Figure 1.1: Map of the largest global earthquakes that have occurred since 1900,based on the USGS NEIC and ISC-GEM historic catalogues. The year and
magnitude of M w 8.5+ earthquakes are labelled. The focus of this thesis is on the
2010 M w 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake.
G+e(% %+!&e h(/e #ee' $(&e !' +"%"+e !$(3!'3 $e%h*&, ( e( *#e+/(%!*' * (%e !'%e+()e *)6!'3 (%%e+' #e*+e, ('&&e*+$(%!*' (%e+, (+3e e(+%h-"(6e. H*e/e+, *e' -"e%!*' %!+e$(!' *' %he e;()% h!)( ()%*+ &+!/!'3 e!$*3e'!) +*)ee
%h+*"3h*"% %he e(+%h-"(6e ))e. Ph!)( he%e+*3e'e!% $( #e!$(3e& "!'3 ( !&e +('3e * e!$!) %**, ")h ( (!/e%*$*3+(h ('& %"&!e * e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e $e)h('!$. A "+e/!e *' %he )"++e'% "'&e+%('&!'3 * %hee 3*/e+'!'3 h!)(+*e+%!e ! '*% !%h!' %he )*e * %h! I'%+*&")%!*', #"% !&!)"e& !' Ch(%e+ T*. Ye% #Be*+e !'%e++e%!'3 h* &!Je+e'%h!)( e(%"+e $( &+!/e $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'e!, e ?+%'ee& %* "'&e+%('& h* ")h +*)ee (+e *#e+/e& ('&(+($e%e+!e& ()+* %he e(+%h-"(6e ))e, h!)h &e)+!#e %he*'3>%e+$ e/*"%!*' * %+e 4*+ %+(!'5 (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e4F!3"+e 1.25.
2=
![Page 25: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 25/228
Figure 1.2: Simplified overview of the seismic cycle and the parameters that areused in this thesis to describe seismic sources and megathrust dynamics at each
stage.
1.1.1I'%e+e!$!) #eh(/!*"+: #"!&!'3 " %he 'e;% 3+e(%e(+%h-"(6e
The *'3e% h(e * %he e!$!) ))e *))"+ #e%ee' (+3ee(+%h-"(6e ('& ())"$"(%!'3 he(+ %+e. Th! e+!*& ! 6'*'
( %he interseis#ic %(3e 4F!3"+e 1.25. The $(!' (!$ * %"&!'3!'%e+e!$!) &e*+$(%!*' ! %* (e "%"+e h((+& *%e'%!( *e&# (+3e e(+%h-"(6e. The seis#ic gap $*&e, ?+% &e/e*e& #S6e 4115, (* ( #(!) "'&e+%('&!'3 * h!)h "#&")%!*'(%e #*"'&(+!e (+e %+*'3 *)6e&. !% ! '*% "e& *+ +*#(#!!%!)h((+& (e$e'%. A e!$!) 3( ! ( +e3!*' he+e ( (+3ee(+%h-"(6e *))"++e& !' %he (%, #"% h( #ee' -"!e% *+ &e)(&e%hee +e3!*' (+e %he+e*+e )*'!&e+e& !6e !%e *+ "%"+e (+3ee(+%h-"(6e. H*e/e+, %he ()6 * &e%(!e& 6'*e&3e *' !h!%*+!e, ( e ( %he 200 S"$(%+( ('& 2011 T*h*6"e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+!'3 $"%!e ("% e3$e'%, h( e& %*
"33e%!*' %h(% %he e!$!) 3( $*&e ! */e+!$!?e& 4Gee+,2011 K(3(' ('& Z()6*', 17 K(3(' e% (., 2012 < ('&<!e$e+, 15.D"+!'3 %he !'%e+e!$!) e+!*&, e(%!) %+(!' ! %*+e& !' %he *+e(+)4e.3. K. <('3 ('& H", 2005, (*!'3 ( $e("+e(#e (e$e'% * (%e )*"!'3 +*$ *#e+/(%!*' * "e+ (%e &e*+$(%!*'.D(%(e% %h(% (+e "e& %* !'e+ )*"!'3 &!%+!#"%!*' !')"&e GPS$e("+e$e'% 4e.3. M*+e'* ('& R*e'(", 20105, ((e*3e*&e%!)$e("+e$e'%, ")h ( )*+( 4e.3. S!$*e e% (., 2005, %!&($e("+e$e'% 4e.3. Z. C. S(/(3e, 175, ('& (%e!%e 3e*&e 4e.3.
Ch!eh e% (., 20115. T+e')h>(+(e *)6!'3 (%%e+' (+e ""(+e!(#e, #"% *)6!'3 (% %he ">&! e'& * %he *Jh*+e (%e !'%e+()e
2
![Page 26: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 26/228
! **+ +e*/e& 4e.3. M%*! e% (., 20125. T* 'e3(%e %h! +*#e$,e(@**+ 3e*&e%!) *#e+/(%!*' )(' +*/!&e #e%%e+ )*'%+(!'% *'*Jh*+e )*"!'3 4G(3'*' e% (., 2007 M(%"$*%* e% (., 20085.
1.1.2C*e!$!) +"%"+e e3$e'%(%!*'
The )*')e%"( "#&")%!*' *'e (e+!% $*&e 4L( ('& K('($*+!,1815 ( &e/e*e& %* &e)+!#e (*'3>%+!6e he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he$*$e'% +ee(e * (+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e. )sperities (+e+e3!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e %h(% ! $*% %+*'3 &"+!'3 ( (+3ee(+%h-"(6e barriers !'h!#!% +"%"+e. L*'3>!/e& #(++!e+ (+e )(e&seg#ent boundaries. N*(&(, (+3e e(+%h-"(6e (+e)h(+()%e+!e& # %he!+ &!%+!#"%!*' * ! *' ( +e>&e?'e& ("%('e. C*$(+e& %* !'%e+e!$!) *)6!'3, )*e!$!) ! )(' #e)()"(%e& # !')"&!'3 $*+e &!/e+e &(%(e%, ")h ( %eee!$!)(/e*+$ ('& %"'($! &(%(. S! !'/e+!*' ("$e $e)h('!)(
+*e+%!e * %he "#"+()e, ")h ( P*!*'9 +(%!* ('& Y*"'39$*&"". S"#"+()e +*e+%!e )(' #e (+($e%e+!e& "!'3 (+('3e * )he$e, !')"&!'3, h*$*3e'e*" h(>()e 4e.3. T*'3e% (., 20105, 1>D (e+e& $*&e 4e.3. P*!% e% (., 20115, *+ #(!3'!'3 +*e+%!e %* !'&!/!&"( &*$(!' * %he "#&")%!*' *'e4e.3. M*+e'* ('& R*e'(", 20105. The +e(%!*'h! #e%ee'!'%e+e!$!) *)6!'3 ('& )*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*' 4e.3. M*+e'*('& R*e'(", 2010 O(( e% (., 2011 P+*%%! e% (., 2015 ! *%e'"e& %* !'e+ %he %(#!!% * +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e (*'3 %he (%e!'%e+()e.
A'*%he+ *"+)e (+($e%e+ *%e' "e& *+ $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e! +"%"+e &"+(%!*'. S* ('& h(* +"%"+e %h(% +(&!(%e %+*'3*'3 e+!*& e'e+3 4'*+$(!e& %* %he!+ $(3'!%"&e5 $( #e)(!?e& ( %"'($!3e'!) e(+%h-"(6e 4K('($*+!, 125. R"%"+e&"+(%!*' h( ( !'e(+ +e(%!*'h! !%h #*%h e(+%h-"(6e %+e &+*('& $(%e+!( +!3!&!% * %he ("% 4B!e6 ('& L(, 15. A% %he h!3h+e-"e') e'& * e!$!) +(&!(%!*' e)%+"$, #()6 +*e)%!*'$e%h*& %+()6 )*he+e'% e'e+3 *' ( ("% ('e */e+ %!$e 4e.3. Ih!!e% (., 20075. B()6 +*e)%!*' * e>+e)*+&e& $e3(%h+"%e(+%h-"(6e +e/e( %h(% h!3h +e-"e') +(&!(%!*' &e)*"e +*$h!3h ! (e+!%!e !'e++e& !' )*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*' 4Ih!! e%
(., 2007 K!e+ ('& Ih!!, 2011 K*e+ e% (., 2012 Me'3 e% (.,20115. H!3h +e-"e') &e)*"!'3 $( +e"% +*$ 3e*$e%+!)( *+$e)h('!)( he%e+*3e'e!%!e 4P(* e% (., 2015, (%h*"3h '* &!+e)%e/!&e')e h( #ee' *"'& *+ h!)( +*e+%!e e;e+%!'3 ( )*'%+**' %h! %he &e%h &ee'&e')e * e!$!) +(&!(%!*'.
The (*'3>%+!6e 4%+e')h>(+(e5 e3$e'%(%!*' (%%e+' *"#&")%!*' *'e +"%"+e ! )e(+ ee' !')(' #e !'e++e& +*$ %he!+ )*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*' e ((+e'% ! %he e3$e'%(%!*'(%%e+' !' %he &*'>&! &!+e)%!*'. Ne/e+%hee, #(e& *' *"+)e)h(+()%e+!%!) * (+3e "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e, L( e% (. 420125 &e/e*e& ( "'!?e& $*&e %h(% &e)+!#e %he &e%h e3$e'%(%!*'* %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e 4F!3"+e 1.=5. D*$(!' A !3'!?e%he h(*e% *+%!*' * %he $e3(%h+"%, +*$ %he %+e')h %*
27
![Page 27: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 27/228
(+*;!$(%e 17 6$ &e%h. A%h*"3h %h! h(* +e3!*' ! %h*"3h%%* #e $*% (e!$!), !% )(' h*% $*&e+(%e>!e& %"'($!3e'!) +"%"+e 4Mw 5, ")h ( %he 1 Mw . Z(/( e(+%h-"(6e 4B!e6('& L(, 15. D*$(!' B ('& C &e'*%e %he (+% * %he$e3(%h+"% (% 17=7 6$ &e%h, ('& =777 6$ &e%h, +ee)%!/e
$*% $*$e'% +ee(e *))"+ !' %hee )e'%+( +e3!*'. D*$(!' Ce(+%h-"(6e )*'!%e'% &!( %he &e%h &ee'&e')e * e!$!)+(&!(%!*' &!)"e& (#*/e. The &eee% +e3!*', D*$(!' D !)h(+()%e+!e& # * !, * +e-"e') e(+%h-"(6e ('& e!$!)%+e$*+ h*e/e+, %hee he'*$e'( (+e '*% e+/(!/e (*'3 ("#&")%!*' *'e.
Figure 1.3: Depth segmentation of megathrust earthquake source characteristics
based on Lay et al. (2012). Each domain is denoted by the letters A–D, which are
discussed in the text.
E(+%h-"(6e doublets )(' +e/e( %+e %+('e+ #e%ee' ("% !'"#&")%!*' *'e. A &*"#e% ! ( (+3e e(+%h-"(6e **!'3 ('e(+!e+ e(+%h-"(6e !%h )*$(+(#e $*$e'% +ee(e, e!%he+ *' ('(&()e'% (%)h * %he ("%, *+ *' ( e(+(%e ("%. A' e;($e * (&*"#e% ! %he !'%e+(%e %h+"% ('& !'%+((# '*+$( ("%!'3 e/e'%!' %he K"+! "#&")%!*' *'e !' 200 4A$$*' e% (., 20085.S!$!(+, %he 200 S($*( e(+%h-"(6e )*'%!%"%e& ( '*+$( ("%!'3e/e'% #e'e(%h %he *"%e+ +!e %h(% %+!33e+e& %h+"%!'3 *' %he (%e!'%e+()e 4L( e% (., 2010#5. I' %h! !'%(')e, %he !'!%!( +"%"+e%+!33e+e& e!$!) ! *' %he h(* *+%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e.
1.1.=P*%e!$!) +e(;(%!*': (%e+h*)6 ('& (%e+! T* )*$e%e %he e!$!) ))e, (+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e )("e!'%e'e &e*+$(%!*' !' %he 'e(+ ?e& %h(% )(' (% *+ $*'%h %*e(+ 4F!3"+e 1.25. P*%e!$!) +*)ee (+e (+3e %!$e&ee'&e'% ('& &e)( !' ( !$!(+ ( %* +he**3!)( ( #(e& *'h!)( +*e+%!e * %he )+"% *+ $('%e 4L('3e e% (., 2015. L!6e)*e!$!) ! $*&e, (%e+h*)6 &!%+!#"%!*' )(' +e/e( %hee!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+ * %he $e3(%h+"%, #"% )(' (* +e/e( *%he+()%!/e ("% %h(% !e 'e(+ %* %he (%e !'%e+()e. O'e * %he%+*'3e% *%e!$!) &e*+$(%!*' +*)ee !' %he 'e(+ ?e& !
afterslip, h!)h *))"+ &"e %* %he +!)%!*'( +e*'e * %he ("%('e **!'3 ( (+3e +"%"+e 4e.3. M(+*'e, 185. Ge*&e%!)
2
![Page 28: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 28/228
*#e+/(%!*' )(' #e "e& %* &e%e+$!'e %he (%!( (%%e+' *(%e+! 4Be&*+& e% (., 201= Y. N. L!' e% (., 201= O(( e% (.,20115. The ($!%"&e * (%e+! +('3e +*$ %e' * )e'%!$e%+e %*e/e+( $e%+e, &ee'&e'% *' !e * %he $(!'h*)6, %!$e, ('&("$%!*' $(&e 4Y. N. L!' e% (., 201=5. S%+*'3 (%e+!
)*$e$e'% )*e!$!) ! (e+!%!e 4O(( e% (., 2011Pe+e%%!'! e% (., 20105. F"+%he+$*+e, (%!( ('& %e$*+()*++e(%!*' #e%ee' (%e+h*)6 ('& (%e+! "33e% %h(% %he*+$e+ $( #e %+!33e+e& # @"!&>&+!/e' (%e+! 4H" e% (., 2005.
1.2The 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e
I e )(' !&e'%! %he h!)( ()%*+ %h(% &+!/e $e3(%h+"% ("%+*)ee (% &!Je+e'% %(3e * %he e!$!) ))e, e $( #e (#e%* *+e)(% "%"+e +"%"+e *%e'%!( !' "#&")%!*' *'e. T* &* %h!,e 'ee& %* 3(!' (' "'&e+%('&!'3 * %he +e(%!*'h! #e%ee'h!)( +*e+%!e ('& +"%"+e #eh(/!*"+ *+ (% (+3ee(+%h-"(6e, h!)h h(/e #ee' +e)*+&e& !' 3+e(% &e%(!. A +e3!*'!%h ( (+3e h!%*+ * $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e ! %he Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e: *'e * %he $*% e!$!)( ()%!/e ('& %+*'3)*"e& (%e #*"'&(+!e *' E(+%h 4F!3"+e 1.15. O' (/e+(3e, ($(*+ e(+%h-"(6e !%h Mw 8 *))"+ e/e+ %e' e(+ !' Ch!e4R"e33 e% (., 2005. I' (+%!)"(+, "'&e+%('&!'3 e!$!) h((+& !')e'%+( Ch!e ! /!%( #e)("e 'e(+ 80 * %he )*"'%+9*"(%!*' +e!&e he+e 4Be)6 e% (., 185. D"e %* %he e;)ee'%+e)*+& * h!%*+!)( (+3e e(+%h-"(6e, %he +e3!*' ! (' !&e( '(%"+(
(#*+(%*+ %* %"& %he $e3(%h+"% e!$!) ))e. O'e ")h e/e'%( %he 10 Mw .7 (&!/!( e(+%h-"(6e > %he (+3e% e(+%h-"(6ee/e+ +e)*+&e& 4e.3. C!"e'%e, 185. H*e/e+, %* %he '*+%h * %he(&!/!( +"%"+e, %he M("e +e3!*' h(& '*% e;e+!e')e& ( (+3ee!$!) e/e'% !')e %he M 8.7 C*')e)!X' e(+%h-"(6e !' 18=7,h!)h ( +e)*+&e& # Ch(+e D(+!' &"+!'3 h! /*(3e *' %heHMS Be(3e 4D(+!', 18715. Th! *'3 ("e e& *+6e+ %* !&e'%!%h! +e3!*' ( ( $(%"+e e!$!) 3( 4B(++!e'%*, 18 Be)6 e% (.,18 C($* e% (., 2002 R"e33 e% (., 2005. Thee e(+ %"&!ee& %* (' e;*!*' * 3e*h!)( &e*$e'% &"+!'3 %he 2000,h!)h *)"e& *' #()63+*"'& e!$!)!% 4e.3. C($* e% (., 2002
H(#e+('& e% (., 2005, "#"+()e %+")%"+e 4e.3. H(#e+('& e% (.,2005, (%e !'%e+()e )*"!'3 4R"e33 e% (., 2005 ('&$*+h*%e)%*'!) e3$e'%(%!*' * %he $(+3!' 4Me'!)6 e% (., 2005.O' Fe#+"(+ 2, 2010, %h! e3$e'% * %he "#&")%!*' ("% ?'(#+*6e &"+!'3 (' Mw 8.8 +"%"+e: %he !;%h (+3e% e(+%h-"(6e e/e++e)*+&e& 4F!3"+e 1.15.I'!%!( h*)e'%+e *)(%!*' "33e%e& %h(% %he M("e +"%"+e'")e(%e& !%h!' %he h!3h>*)6e& +e3!*' *Jh*+e * %he )*(%!'e#e%ee' C*')e)!X' ('& C*'%!%")!X'. The+e ! *$e &!(3+ee$e'%#e%ee' %he h*)e'%+e *)(%!*' * +e*+%!'3 (3e')!e 4T(#e 1.1,F!3"+e 1.5. U!'3 h!3h +(%e GPS *#e+/(%!*', !3' e% (. 420115 +e*)(%e& %he * +e-"e') '")e(%!*' *!'% 0 6$ %* %he *"%h>e% * %he * %he USGS e%!$(%e, h!)h ! )*e+ %* %he CSN
2
![Page 29: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 29/228
4Ce'%+* S!$*X3!)* N()!*'(, Ch!e5 e%!$(%e. U!'3 +e3!*'(e!$!) +e)*+&!'3, H(e e% (. 4201=5 +e*)(%e& %he h*)e'%+e %*20 6$ '*+%h>e(% * %he !3' e% (. 420115 e%!$(%e. B(e& *'+"%"+e $*&e 4e.3. L( e% (., 2010( Y. N. L!' e% (., 201= M*+e'*e% (., 2012 T*'3 e% (., 20105 ('& (%e+h*)6 &!%+!#"%!*' 4L('3e
e% (., 2012 R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125, %he e(+%h-"(6e e'% *' %*+"%"+e ( 700 6$ *+%!*' * %he "#&")%!*' *'e. Thee ! $*&eh* ( #!(%e+( &!%+!#"%!*' !%h $(;!$"$ ! * 172 $*))"++!'3 120 6$ %* %he '*+%h * %he h*)e'%+e 4F!3"+e 1.5 !' (+e3!*' %h(% ( %+*'3 *)6e& #e*+e %he e(+%h-"(6e 4M*+e'* ('&R*e'(", 20105. F"+%he+$*+e, %he+e ! '* e/!&e')e * e;%e'!/e+"%"+e %* %he %+e')h ('& %he %+*'3e% ! ( !$!%e& %* %he)*(%!'e. L!6e *%he+ e>+e)*+&e& (+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e,%he M("e +"%"+e h( ( !$!(+ &e%h>&ee'&e')e * h!3h+e-"e') +(&!(%!*' 4K!e+ ('& Ih!!, 201= P(* e% (., 201 D.<('3 ('& M*+!, 20115, #"% !%h (' e/e' $*+e &!%!')%!/e &e%he3$e'%(%!*' (%%e+' ()+* %he +"%"+e *'e 4F!3"+e 1.5. F+*$%he &!%+!#"%!*' * (%e+h*)6 ('& (%e+!, %he+e ! (* ( )e(+3( !' *%e!$!) &e*+$(%!*' !'('& * %he )*(%!'e 4F!3"+e 1.5.F*+ 1 $*'%h **!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, GPS *#e+/(%!*'+e)*+&e& (+*"'& 1.2 $ * )"$"(%!/e (%e+!, h!)h ( $(!'*)(%e& #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e 4Be&*+& e% (., 201= Y. N. L!' e% (.,201=5. A%e+! ('& (%e+h*)6 h(/e ( +(%he+ (%)h &!%+!#"%!*',(+%!)"(+ !'('& * %he )*(%!'e 4F!3"+e 1.5.!eporting agency pu&lished
studyLatitude
Longitude
7epth;$<
P r e l i $ i n a r y h y p o c e n t r e s USGS NEIC =7.1=S 2.==< =7
Se+/!)!* S!$*X3!)*N()!*'( 4CSN5 =.2=S =.2=< =0
GFV>GEOFON =.07=S 2.7=< 2
! e l o c a t e d h y p o c e n t r e s !3' e% (. 420115 =.1=S =.18=< >
H(e e% (. 4201=5 =.22=S =.11=< =7
28
![Page 30: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 30/228
![Page 31: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 31/228
Figure 1.4: Location of the Maule earthquake showing the characteristics of the
coseismic rupture and postseismic stage. HF = high frequency. Inset: the location
of the large map is given by the black box.
=0
![Page 32: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 32/228
1.=A!$ ('& *#e)%!/e * %h! %he! The */e+(+)h!'3 (!$ * %h! %he! ! %* %+ %* !&e'%! +e(%!*'h!#e%ee' h!)( he%e+*3e'e!% ('& (%e !'%e+()e +"%"+e)h(+()%e+!%!) # %"&!'3 %he +"%"+e *'e * %he 2010 M("e,Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e. O"+ ?+% (!$ ! %* !&e'%! h!)( he%e+*3e'e!%('& %* +e(%e %h! !%h +e)*+&e& #eh(/!*"+ (% &!Je+e'% %(3e * %hee!$!) ))e. <e %he' %"+' *"+ (%%e'%!*' %* %he &e3+ee * !)*$e;!% (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"% ('& h* +"%"+e +e*'& %*%+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e. O"+ "'&($e'%($*%!/(%!*' ! %* %+ %* *+e)(% "%"+e +"%"+e )h(+()%e+!%!) (*'3*%he+ "#&")%!*' (%e #*"'&(+!e %h(% (+e %+*'3 )*"e&, e%h(/e '*% e;e+!e')e& ( (+3e e(+%h-"(6e 4Mw 8.75 *+ )e'%"+!e,")h ( !' '*+%he+' Ch!e ('& C()(&!(. He+e, e &e)+!#e %he"'&e+!'3 )!e'%!?) +(%!*'( * %hee (!$ ('& %he %+(%e3 "e& !'%h! %he! %* !'/e%!3(%e %he$.
1.1.1Ke A!$ 1: I&e'%!?)(%!*' * h!)( he%e+*3e'e!%
I$+*/e$e'% !' GPS !'%+"$e'%(%!*' ('& (%e!%e !$(3!'3 h(/e#ee' (#e %* he& 'e !3h% *' %he )*$e; #eh(/!*"+ *"#&")%!*' (%e #*"'&(+!e ()+* %he e(+%h-"(6e ))e, ")h (%he &!%+!#"%!*' * (e+!%!e ('& #(++!e+. H*e/e+, %he h!)(*"+)e * (e+!%!e ('& #(++!e+ (+e &!"%e&. I% h(& *'3 #ee'+**e& %h(% "#&")%e& e(%"+e *' %he *)e('!) (%e ( ( 6e+*e !' $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'e! 4e.3. K*&(!+( e% (., 20005. The+*e * %he "e+ (%e, ")h ( )+"%( ("% 4e.3. A"&!' e% (.,
20085 ('& *+e(+) #(!' 4e.3. S*'3 ('& S!$*', 200=5, h(/e (*#ee' +**e& %* e;e+% )*'%+* *' $e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+. A e (%he (*'3>%+!6e &!%+!#"%!*' * (e+!%!e ('& #(++!e+ * $e3(%h+"%+"%"+e, %he &e)+!%!/e $e3(%h+"% &e%h e3$e'%(%!*' $*&e *L( e% (. 420125 ()6 "'&e+%('&!'3 *' %he %+")%"+( ('&)*$*!%!*'( +*e+%!e (*)!(%e& !%h e()h &*$(!'. The M("ee(+%h-"(6e +*/!&e (' "'+e)e&e'%e& **+%"'!% %* ('e+%hee "'&($e'%( )!e'%!?) -"e%!*' # (*!'3 (' (e$e'%* $e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+ #e*+e, &"+!'3 ('& (%e+ ( (+3ee(+%h-"(6e.E()h (+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e h( "'!-"e )h(+()%e+!%!) ('&%he M("e e(+%h-"(6e ! '* e;)e%!*' 4F!3"+e 1.5. The )*$e;!%!e* %h! +"%"+e +(!e e/e+( !$*+%('% -"e%!*' %h(% $( (&/(')e*"+ "'&e+%('&!'3 * "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e *+&!&e:
1. <h(% !'@"e')e %he *)(!(%!*' * h!3h (%e !'%e+()e)*"!'3 ('& (*)!(%e& (+3e ! (% &e%h * 17=7 6$(*'3 %he "#&")%!*' !'%e+()e\
2. <h(% +e/e'%e& %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e +*$ (!!'3 %*+"%"+e+"%"+!'3 %he $e3(%h+"% )*e %* %he %+e')h\
=. S!$!(+, ! %he &*'>&! !$!% * %he +"%"+e #e'e(%h %he)*(%!'e !3'!?e& # ( )h('3e !' $e3(%h+"% h!)(
+*e+%!e\. C(' e !'e+ (' )h('3e !' +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e (*'3 %he
=1
![Page 33: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 33/228
(%e !'%e+()e %h(% e& %* %he &!%!')%!/e (%%e+' * h!3h+e-"e') +(&!(%!*' &"+!'3 %he +"%"+e ('& %he e'"!'3 3( !'*'h*+e (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!%\
7. I %he (#+"% '*+%h(+& !$!% * %he +"%"+e ('& )*!')!&e'%!'%e'e "e+ (%e ("%!'3 ()%!/!% +e(%e& %* %+")%"+(
he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he "e+ (%e\ T* ('e+ %hee -"e%!*', e *)" *"+ (%%e'%!*' *' "!'3 %he(%e+h*)6 e-"e')e %h(% ( +e)*+&e& # ( $"%!'(%!*'(%e$*+(+ e!$!) 'e%*+6. The (%e+h*)6 &(%(e% ! "e& %*3e'e+(%e ( *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h 4LET5 $*&e !' *+&e+ %*!$(3e %he =>D /e*)!% %+")%"+e !%h!' %he +"%"+e *'e. <e $(6e&e%(!e& !'%e++e%(%!*' * *"+ e!$!) /e*)!% $*&e (#*"%e%+**3!)( +*e+%!e, ")h ( #"6 $!'e+(*3!)( )*$*!%!*'('& @"!& )*'%e'%. <e )*$(+e %hee "#"+()e (e$e'% !%h%he e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+ * %he +e3!*' %* (e he%he+ ('*+$( )*++e(%!*' e;!% #e%ee' e!$!) +*e+%!e ('& e!$!)))e +*)ee.A%h*"3h LET ! (' e%(#!he& $e%h*& !' e!$**3, *'e !'he+e'%*#%()e !%h !$(3!'3 ( "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"% ! %h(% $*%e!$!) *"+)e (+e *)(%e& *Jh*+e 4F!3"+e 1.5 e% e!$!)%(%!*' (+e %!)( !%e& *' ('&. LET %"&!e * h(*"#&")%!*' *'e %+")%"+e "!'3 *'h*+e &(%( (*'e 4e.3. C*!'3 e%(., 2012 H"e' e% (., 200=5 h(/e !$!%e& *Jh*+e !$(3!'3)((#!!%, * h!)( +*e+%!e * %he h(*e% +e3!*' * %he(%e !'%e+()e (+e eJe)%!/e h!&&e'. Th! ! (' !"e ( e 'ee& %*#e (#e %* "'&e+%('& %he h!)( %+")%"+e * %he (%e !'%e+()e
he+e $*% e!$!) $*$e'% +ee(e *))"+ ('& he+e%"'($!3e'!) e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3. B!e6 ('& L(, 20025 %!)(+"%"+e. C*$#!'e& *'h*+e ('& *Jh*+e &(%(e% h(/e #ee' "e&!' ( h('&" * LET e;e+!$e'% 4e.3. DeSh*' e% (., 200H(#e+('& e% (., 200 H"e' e% (., 20005. H*e/e+, !' %hee%"&!e, ( +e(%!/e $( '"$#e+ * *)e('>#*%%*$ e!$*$e%e+4OBS5 %(%!*' e+e "e& ('& e e(+%h-"(6e e+e +e)*+&e& (*'3%he h(*e% *+%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e, !$!%!'3 !$(3!'3+e*"%!*' )*e %* %he %+e')h. F"+%he+$*+e, "!'3 )*$#!'e& *'> ('&*Jh*+e &(%(e% +e$(!' ( )h(e'3e &"e %* +*#e$ !' *#%(!'!'3+e!(#e e(+%h-"(6e *)(%!*' &"e %* *)( !%e /(+!(%!*' 4%(%!*'
ee/(%!*', *)( 3e**35, ( e ( %he %+*'3 %+e')h>'*+$(/e*)!% he%e+*3e'e!% %h(% ! %* #e e;e)%e& !' ( "#&")%!*' *'e.
T* !$(3e %he h(*e% (+% * %he $e3(%h+"% !' %he M("e+"%"+e *'e, e !')*+*+(%e OBS *#e+/(%!*' ('& &e/e* (%+(%e3 %* !')"&e %hee &(%( !' *"+ LET !'/e+!*' )he$e.
1.1.2Ke A!$ 2: Ae!'3 e(+%h-"(6e ! )*$e;!% ('&!% +e*'e %* %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!%
L(+3e e(+%h-"(6e !'/*/e )*$e; +e&!%+!#"%!*' * %+ee %*
*%he+ (+% * %he +"%"+e& ("% ('& %* (&()e'% %+")%"+e 4e.3. T*&( e% (., 20075. C*'e-"e'%, e!$!) ! $( #e %+!33e+e&
=2
![Page 34: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 34/228
()+* ( !&e +('3e * &!%(')e 4*)(, +e3!*'( ('& 3*#(5 ('&%!$e)(e 4+*$ e)*'& %* e(+5 &"e %* %(%!) ('& &'($!) %+e%+('e+ 4e.3. F+ee&, 2005. S%+e )h('3e (+e +e*'!#e *+ (+('3e * e(+%h-"(6e he'*$e'(, ")h ( *+eh*)6, (%e+h*)6('& &*"#e%. The+e*+e, "'&e+%('&!'3 %he (%!( ('& %e$*+(
e/*"%!*' * %+e h( !$*+%('% !$!)(%!*' *+ e!$!) ('&%"'($! h((+& !' "#&")%!*' *'e. L(+3e e(+%h-"(6e &*"#e% (+e* e'*+$*" )!e'%!?) !'%e+e% &"e %* %he!+ !$!(+ !e ('& (#!!% %*+e/e( %+!33e+!'3 $e)h('!$ #e%ee' &!Je+e'% %+")%"+e !' ("#&")%!*' *'e 4e.3. A$$*' e% (., 2008 L( e% (., 2010#5. Thee+!*+ %"&!e * e(+%h-"(6e &*"#e% h(/e *)"e& *' %he (+3e+4Mw .75 "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e he+e %* "#>e/e'% (+e!3'!?)('% e(+(%e& !' &!%(')e 4 70 6$5 ('& !' %!$e 4 =0 5.H*e/e+, -"e%!*' %! +e$(!' */e+ %he %+!33e+!'3 $e)h('!$!'/*/e&. H* &*e ! *' %he (%e !'%e+()e !'%e+()% !%h ("% !'%he "e+ (%e *' h*+% %!$e)(e\ C(' e &!Je+e'%!(%e #e%ee'%(%!) ('& &'($!) %+!33e+!'3 * &*"#e%\S! !'/e+!*' !e& %he &!%+!#"%!*' * ("% ! &"+!'3 ( (+3ee(+%h-"(6e 4e.3. M*+e'* ('& R*e'(", 2010 O(( e% (., 2011P+*%%! e% (., 2015 ")h )he$e %e'& %* !'/e+% *+ ! *' ( !'3e+e>&e?'e& ("% ('e. The+e*+e, !' %he )(e * &*"#e% *'e(+(%e ("%, ! !'/e+!*' $( #e "'(#e %* )*'%+(!' %he$e)h('!$, %!$!'3 ('& *)(%!*' * "#>e/e'%. A #e%%e+ (+*()h !%* )(++ *"% $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*' * $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e,h!)h h( #ee' (!e& %* %eee!$!) (/e*+$ !' (% %"&!e *"#&")%!*' &*"#e% 4e.3. A$$*' e% (., 2008 L( e% (., 2010#5.
The+e (+e "')e+%(!'%!e */e+ %he +e*/!'3 (#!!% * ")h $e%h*&.C(' h!3h )*$e; +"%"+e $e)h('!$ #e $(6e& !' %eee!$!)$*$e'% %e'*+\ I *, (+e *)( e!$!) *#e+/(%!*' 'ee&e& %*+e*/e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e )*$e;!% (% $( (%!( ('&%e$*+( )(e\ F"+%he+$*+e, $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*' )he$e * *)( ('& +e3!*'( (/e*+$ %!)( ("$e ( 1>D /e*)!%$*&e. H*e/e+, !')e ( "#&")%!*' *'e !6e )*$+!e!3'!?)('% "#"+()e he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he %+e')h>'*+$( &!+e)%!*',&*e %h! #!( $*$e'% %e'*+ +e%+!e/(\I' *+&e+ %* ('e+ %hee -"e%!*' +e(%!'3 %* !$(3!'3 +"%"+e)*$e;!% ('& %+!33e+!'3 $e)h('!$, e %"& %he (+3e% (%e
!'%e+()e (%e+h*)6 * %he M("e e-"e')e "!'3 $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' * *)( (/e*+$ &(%(. <e !'%e++e% (' *"+)e)*$e;!% ( %* %he!%h +ee)% %* %+")%"+( /(+!(#!!% ( %h(% )('#e !'e++e& +*$ *"+ *#%(!'e& LET $*&e. <e e;*!% (&/(')e !'%he )*$"%(%!*' * '%he%!) (/e*+$ %h+*"3h h!3hhe%e+*3e'e*" $e&!( %* (e *!#e #!(e !' *"+)e(+($e%e+ 4e.3. K*$(%!%)h e% (., 2005.
1.The! *+3('!(%!*' ('& "#!)(%!*' %(%" * )h(%e+
<e '* #+!e@ *"%!'e %he (*"% * %h! %he!, h!)h )*$+!e (%*%( * '!'e )h(%e+, %h+ee * h!)h (+e +ee(+)h (e+
==
![Page 35: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 35/228
+e*+$(%%e& *+ %h! %he!. The+e*+e, he+e (+*+!(%e, e&e)+!#e %he )"++e'% "#!)(%!*' %(%" * e()h )h(%e+ ('& %he)*'%+!#"%!*' $(&e # )*>("%h*+. The *+$(%%e& /e+!*' * %he"#!he& (e+ (+e e')*e& !%h %h! %he!.<e #e3!' # "$$(+!!'3 )"++e'% 6'*e&3e *' $e3(%h+"%
h!)( he%e+*3e'e!%. <e +e/!e %"&!e * "#&")%!*' *'e%+")%"+e ('& (% $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e %* &e)+!#e %he +('3e* h!)( %+")%"+e %h(% $( (Je)% e!$*3e'!) +*)ee (*'3%he $e3(%h+"%. Be*'& Ch(%e+ T*, %he %he! ! &!/!&e& !'%* %*$(!' (+% %* +e@e)% %he $"%!e h(e * %"& ('& 6e (!$&e?'e& !' %he +e/!*" e)%!*'. The ?+% * %hee ! (!/e e!$!)!$(3!'3 * %he "#&")%!*' *'e "!'3 +(>#(e& $e%h*& %hee)*'& *)"e *' +*#!'3 e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e )*$e;!% "!'3 ">(/e*+$ (+*()he. Thee %*!) e()h #e3!' !%h ( )h(%e+4Ch(%e+ Th+ee ('& S!;5 %h(% *"%!'e %he #()63+*"'& %he*+ ('&(% (!)(%!*' * %he %* $e%h*&, !%h ( (+%!)"(+ *)" *'"#&")%!*' *'e.I' Ch(%e+ F*"+, e &e)+!#e ('& !'%e++e% ( +e!$!'(+ e!$!)/e*)!% $*&e *+ )e'%+( Ch!e #(e& *' ( &(%(e% * ("%*$(%!)(&e%e+$!'e& e!$!) (/e *'e% %!$e. O'e * %he 6e *#e+/(%!*'$(&e !' %h! )h(%e+ ! %he +ee')e * ( (+3e, h!3h e!$!)/e*)!% ('*$( !'3 #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e !' %he )e'%+e * %he+"%"+e (+e(. <e !'%e++e% %h! %+")%"+( ('*$( ( %* !% )*'%+**' %he '")e(%!*' ('& +"%"+e +*)e * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e.
Th! )h(%e+ ( ())e%e& *+ "#!)(%!*' !' !eophysical "esearchetters *' 1 Se%e$#e+ 2012 ('& "#!he& *' 1 O)%*#e+ 2012.
F" )!%(%!*': Stephen P. *ic+s, )ndreas "ietbroc+, Christian*aberland, -sabelle M.). "yder, Mar+ Si#ons, and )ndrs /assara,/he 0121 Mw 3.3 Maule, Chile earth4ua+e5 &ucleation and rupture
propagation controlled by a subducted topographic high,!eophysical "esearch etters 67, 27613, doi521.2107$0120!186239. A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6 3(%he+e& %he+e!$!'(+ &(%(e% * P> ('& S>(/e *'e% %!$e ('& 3(/e)*$$e'% *' %he !'%e++e%(%!*' ('& &!)"!*'. Ch+!%!('H(#e+('& (!%e& !%h %he ('(! * %he " $*&e +e*"%!*'$(%+!;. I(#ee R&e+ (!%e& !%h %he )*$(+!*' #e%ee'e!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e ('& 3e*&e%!) $*&e * %he M("e
+"%"+e. M(+6 S!$*' (!%e& !%h %he !'%e++e%(%!*'. A'&+ T((+( +*/!&e& %he +( B*"3"e+ 3+(/!% $*&e.B(e& *' $(!' e(%"+e * %he +e!$!'(+ %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e+ee'%e& !' Ch(%e+ F*"+, e &e)+!#e (' "&(%e& e!$!) /e*)!%$*&e !' Ch(%e+ F!/e. Th! $*&e ! #(e& *' ( h!3he+ -"(!%e!$!) %+(/e %!$e &(%(e% ('& !')*+*+(%e *Jh*+e &(%(.C*$(+e& %* %h(% * %he +e/!*" )h(%e+, *"+ 'e /e*)!% $*&eh( h(+e+ !$(3e %h(% (* *+ &e%(!e& +*#!'3 * %he h(*(%e !'%e+()e. Th! !$+*/e$e'% (* *+ ( $*+e !'>&e%h!'%e++e%(%!*' * (#*"%e e!$!) /e*)!%!e. <e $(6e &!+e)%
)*$(+!*' #e%ee' h!)( +*e+%!e ('& $e3(%h+"%#eh(/!*"+ (% &!Je+e'% %(3e * %he e!$!) ))e. Th! )h(%e+ (())e%e& *+ "#!)(%!*' !' Earth and Planetary Science etters *'
=
![Page 36: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 36/228
2 A"3"% 201 ('& "#!he& *' 1 N*/e$#e+ 201. F" )!%(%!*':Stephen P. *ic+s, )ndreas "ietbroc+, -sabelle M.). "yder, Chao:Shing ee, Matthew Miller, )nato#y of a #egathrust5 /he 0121M3.3 Maule, Chile earth4ua+e rupture (one i#aged using seis#icto#ography, Earth and Planetary Science etters, Volu#e 918, 2
&ove#ber 0129, Pages 290:288, -SS& 1120:302;, doi521.212<$=.epsl.0129.13.103. A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6 hee& %* +e(+e%he e!$!) &(%(, (!%e& !%h %he %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' +*)e('& (&&e& "e" )*$$e'% %* %he !'%e++e%(%!*'. I(#ee R&e+( !'/*/e& !' %he e!$!) &e*$e'% ('& hee& %* +e?'e %he)*$(+!*' #e%ee' )*e!$!) ('& (%e+! $*&e !%h e!$!)/e*)!%!e. Ch(*>Sh!'3 Lee ('& M(%%he M!e+ *+6e& *' %he OBS&e*$e'% ('& (!%e& !%h %he ('(! * %h! *Jh*+e &(%(e%.I' Ch(%e+ Se/e', e ( ( $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e $*$e'% %e'*+!'/e+!*' )he$e %* %he Mw .1 A+(")('!( (%e+h*)6 !' *+&e+ %*e;*+e $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e )*$e;!% ('& e(+%h-"(6e %+!33e+!'3$e)h('!$. B !'%e++e%!'3 *"+ +e"% !' %he )*'%e;% * e!$!)/e*)!% %+")%"+e !&e'%!?e& !' %he e(+!e+ )h(%e+, e &e$*'%+(%eh* ! *' %he (%e !'%e+()e !'%('%('e*" %+!33e+e& ("%+"%"+e !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e. Th! )h(%e+ ! !' +e/!!*' 411A"3"% 20175( ())e%e& *+ "#!)(%!*' !' &ature !eoscience (%e+ *!%!/e +e/!e*' 1= O)%*#e+ 2017. C!%(%!*': Stephen P.*ic+s and )ndreas "ietbroc+5 Seis#ic slip on an upper plate nor#alfault during a large subduction #egathrust rupture, &ature!eoscience, &ove#ber 0128 -n "evision, doi5 21.2163$ngeo0838.A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6 +(' %he =>D ">(/e*+$ !$"(%!*' *' %he h!3h
e+*+$(')e )*$"%!'3 )"%e+ ('& hee& %* !'%e++e% %he +e"%.I' Ch(%e+ E!3h%, e '%he!e !'%e++e%(%!*' $(&e !' %he+e)e&!'3 )h(%e+ %* &!)" %he h!)( ()%*+ %h(% !'@"e')e&%he M("e +"%"+e ('& %he!+ +e(%!*'h! !%h %e)%*'!) %+")%"+e(*'3 %he S*"%h A$e+!)(' "#&")%!*' $(+3!'. <e e)"(%e h(%*"+ ?'&!'3 $( $e(' *+ "%"+e e(+%h-"(6e h((+& !' )e'%+(Ch!e. <e (* )*$(+e *"+ +e"% +*$ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e !%h!$!(+ %"&!e +*$ %he 2011 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e. Th!)*$(+!*' he& !3h% *' *$e * %he 6e )*'%+* *' +"%"+e !e('& ! *)(!(%!*' * (+3e "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e. <e (*&e$*'%+(%e %he eJe)% * =>D %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% *' e!$!)
(/e +*(3(%!*' # +ee'%!'3 *$e +e!$!'(+ +e"% +*$e)%+( ee$e'% (/e*+$ !$"(%!*' * $*&e+(%e !e&(%e+h*)6 * %he M("e e-"e')e.F!'(, !' Ch(%e+ N!'e, e +ee'% %he $(!' )*')"!*' * %he+*e)%, ('e+!'3 %he +ee(+)h -"e%!*' *e& !' %h! !'%+*&")%!*'('& h!3h!3h%!'3 %he !3'!?)('% )*'%+!#"%!*' $(&e %*(+&"'&e+%('&!'3 "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e. <e (*+*/!&e +e)*$$e'&(%!*' *+ "%"+e *+6 !' %h! ?e& * +ee(+)h.
=7
![Page 37: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 37/228
Ch(%e+ 2
UPPER PLATE ERSUS LO<ER
PLATE: PHYSICAL CONTROLS ON MEGATHRUST EARTHQUAKE RUPTUREPROCESSES
E(+%h9 (+3e% e(+%h-"(6e *))"+ !' "#&")%!*' *'e, he+e %*(%e )*!&e ('& *'e !'6 #e'e(%h %he *%he+. <!%h =,000 6$ *"#&")%!*' (%e #*"'&(+!e 4K. <('3, 20105, "'&e+%('&!'3 %he
(%%e+' * +"%"+e (*'3 %hee ("% ! /!%( *+ e!$!) ('&%"'($! h((+& (e$e'%. H*e/e+, e ()6 6'*e&3e *' %he" h!%*+ * ("% *)6!'3 ('& (% ! !' $(' "#&")%!*' *'e.I' *+&e+ %* )*'%+(!' "%"+e e(+%h-"(6e )h(+()%e+!%!), ( *'3>%e+$(!$ !' "#&")%!*' *'e +ee(+)h ! %* )*$+ehe'& %he h!)()*'%+* * (+3e e(+%h-"(6e. The+e (+e )+!%!)( -"e%!*' %h(% 'ee&%* #e ('e+e& *' %+e &!%+!#"%!*' ('& +e"%!'3 %+(!'())"$"(%!*' !' "#&")%!*' *'e. <h(% !'@"e')e %he (%!((%%e+' * )*"!'3 ('& e/e'%"( ! (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e\D*e %he "e+ (%e *+ "#&")%!'3 (%e ( ( 3+e(%e+ +*e !')*'%+*!'3 e(+%h-"(6e +*)ee\ <h(% )*'%+* %he *%e'%!( *+
h(*, %"'($!3e'!) e(+%h-"(6e\ The "+3e * (+3e "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e !' %he (% &e)(&e, ('&%he #+e(&%h * e!$!) ('& 3e*&e%!) &(%( h(/e %h(% &e%(!e& %hee+"%"+e 4e.3. L(, 20175 (* " %* #e3!' %* ('e+ %hee )+")!(-"e%!*'. The+e*+e, ( +e/!e * %h! "#e)% ! %!$e. E(+!e+(%%e$% h(/e #ee' $(&e %* "'+(/e %he +*e+%!e * %he"#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e ('& %* (e %he !'@"e')e *' (+3ee(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e 4H'&$(' e% (., 1 R"J ('& T!)he((+,15. K* 4201=5 +*/!&e ( 3*#( "$$(+ * "#&")%!*'$(+3!' %+")%"+( &*$(!' ('& %he!+ )*'%+* * "#&")%!*' *'e
e(+%h-"(6e, !%h (+%!)"(+ *)" *' %he e%e+' P()!?). H*e/e+,%hee (e+ &* '*% !')"&e '"$e+*" ?'&!'3 +*$ %he 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e ('& 2011 Mw .0 T*h*6", Z((' e(+%h-"(6e.F"+%he+$*+e, K* 4201=5 3!/e !%%e (%%e'%!*' %* +he**3 ('&&e'!% /(+!(%!*' !' %he "e+ (%e. <('3 ('& B!e6 42015 *)"e& *' %he +*e * "#&")%e& %**3+(h!) +e!e !' e!$*3e'!)+*)ee. A &e)+!#e& !' %he +e/!*" )h(%e+, L( e% (. 420125 &e)+!#e %he &e%h &!%+!#"%!*' * +"%"+e +*e+%!e, #"% !'e++!'3)*''e)%!*' !%h h!)( +*e+%!e ( '*% !%h!' %he )*e *%h! (e+.A 3( %! +e$(!' !' !'%e3+(%!'3 e(+%h-"(6e *#e+/(%!*' !%h
!$(3e * h!)( +*e+%!e %* (e 3*/e+'!'3 ()%*+ * %hee!$!) ))e. M*+e*/e+, (#*+(%*+ ('& '"$e+!)( e;e+!$e'% (+e
=
![Page 38: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 38/228
'ee&e& %* &!+e)% !'6 h!)( +*e+%!e !%h ("% #eh(/!*"+.He+e, e %+!)% *)" *' %he h(*e% ('& $*% %+*'3 )*"e&(+% * %he "#&")%!*' *'e %h(% e;%e'& +*$ %he %+e')h %* (+*"'&70 6$ &e%h: %he "#&")%!*' #egathrust 4e.3. L( e% (., 20125. <e#e3!' # !'%+*&")!'3 %he %!)( %+")%"+( e(%"+e (*'3 ('&
(+*"'& %he (%e !'%e+()e, ('& h* %he )h(+()%e+!%!) * %hee/(+ #e%ee' "#&")%!*' *'e. <e %he' (e %he +*e (e& #e()h * %hee &*$(!' (% %he &!Je+e'% %(3e * %he e!$!) ))e4h!)h ( *"%!'e& !' Se)%!*' 1.15.
2.1S%+")%"+( &*$(!' (#*/e ('& #e* %he$e3(%h+"%
<e &e)+!#e %he $(!' %+")%"+( e(%"+e %h(% &!+e)% !'%e+()% !%h%he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e 4F!3"+e 2.15. <e %(+% !%h &*$(!'* %he "e+ (%e, ('& 3+(&"( $*/e +*$ %he %+e')h %h+*"3h %*
%he )e'%+( *+e(+). The '(%"+e * %he $e3(%h+"% )*'%()% !%e, (e ( %he )*$*!%!*' ('& %+")%"+( %e * %he "#&")%!'3(%e, (+e )*'!&e+e&. A%h*"3h e/e+ "#&")%!*' *'e h( "'!-"eh!)( )h(+()%e+!%!), %he $*% ee3('%*'e "'!?e& )(!?)(%!*' &!/!&e +e3!*' * "#&")%!*' !'%*! * accretionary ('& erosive $(+3!' e&!$e'%(%!*' %e 4C** ('& Sh+e/e, 188 /*' H"e'e('& S)h*, 11 S)h* e% (., 1805 4F!3"+e 2.25.
Figure 2.1: Schematic view of domains that constitute the shallow part of a typical
subduction zone. Labelled features are referred to in the text. Redrawn and
simplified after Kopp (2013).
A))+e%!*'(+ $(+3!' (+e &*$!'(%e& # 3+*%h * %he +!$ #*J)+(!'3 %+e')h e&!$e'% ('& "#e-"e'% "'&e+(%!'3 %h!$(%e+!( (% %he #(e * %he */e++!&!'3 (%e 4F!3"+e 2.=5. C*'/e+e,e+*!/e $(+3!' (+e )h(+()%e+!e& # %he +(!'3 *+ %*!'3 * +*)6+*$ %he #(e * %he "e+ (%e, h!)h ! &+(33e& %* 3+e(%e+&e%h # %he "#&")%!'3 (%e 4C** ('& Sh+e/e, 1885. I' ()%,e+*!/e $(+3!' )*'%!%"%e (+*"'& 7 * ( 3*#( "#&")%!*'
=
![Page 39: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 39/228
*'e 4/*' H"e'e ('& S)h*, 115 4F!3"+e 2.25. <he%he+ ( $(+3!'! ())+e%!*'(+ *+ e+*!/e &ee'& *' '"$e+*" ()%*+, #"%e&!$e'% " ! !6e (' !$*+%('% ()%*+. S"#&")%!*' ())+e%!*'! $*+e !6e %* *))"+ !' +e3!*' * h!3h e&!$e'% " e+*!*'&*$!'(%e he+e %he+e ! * e&!$e'% !'"% 4C** ('& Sh+e/e,
1885 ('& (% (%e )*'/e+3e')e 4C!% ('& (''"))h!, 2005.A%h*"3h %h! )(!?)(%!*' )he$e )(''*% ())"+(%e +e+ee'% %he?'e>)(e )h(+()%e+!%!) * ( "#&")%!*' *'e 4K*, 201=5 !%+*/!&e ( +($e*+6 %* &e)+!#e %he /(+!(#!!% !' %he $(!'%+")%"+( e(%"+e #e%ee' "#&")%!*' *'e 4F!3"+e 2.=5.
Figure 2.2: Distribution of circum-Pacific erosional and accretionary margins
based on Clift and Vannucchi (2004) and Kopp (2006) compared with earthquake
characteristics. Large earthquake locations are based on Bilek (2010), but with an
updated catalogue. Tsunami earthquake locations are from El Hariri et al. (2013).
2.1.1M(+!'e *+e(+)
I'%e+'( &!/!!*' * %he $(+!'e *+e(+) (+e %!)( #(e& *' *e#+e(6 (*'3 %he e(@**+ 4K!$"+( e% (., 200 K. <('3 ('& H",2005. The $*% e((+& &*$(!' * %he "e+ (%e ! &e'*%e& #!% e&3e>h(e& 3e*$e%+ %h(% %h!' %*(+& %he %+e')h 4e.3. D(/!e% (., 18=5. The outer wedge 4+*'%( +!$5 !e (&()e'% %* %he&e*+$(%!*' +*'% 4%+e')h5 ('& ! " %* =080 6$ !&e 4e.3.C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 2008 /*' H"e'e e% (., 2005 %he innerwedge ! !%"(%e& "+%he+ ('&(+&. M*% 6'*e&3e *' %he
=8
![Page 40: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 40/228
%+")%"+e * %he *+e(+) e&3e )*$e +*$ ()%!/e>*"+)e e!$!)+e@e)%!*' ('& +e+()%!*' %"&!e 4e.3. /*' H"e'e e% (. 2005. Thee!$(3e h* %h(% %he 3e*$e%+ ('& h!)( )h(+()%e+!%!) * %he*"%e+ ('& !''e+ e&3e 3+e(% &ee'& *' he%he+ %he $(+3!' !())+e%!*'(+ *+ e+*!/e.
I' ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!', %he *"%e+ e&3e ! *%e' )(e& %he frontal accretionary pris# 4FAP5, h!)h )*'!% * &e*+$e& e&!$e'%%h(% ())"$"(%e (% %he e(&!'3 e&3e * %he */e++!&!'3 (%e 4C**('& Sh+e/e, 1885 4F!3"+e 2.=5. The ('&(+& !''e+ e&3e !)*$*e& * *&e+ ())+e%e& e&!$e'% ('& +($e*+6 +*)6 * %he)e'%+( *+e(+). Th! &*$(!' ! )*$$*' &e?'e& ( %he palaeo:accretionary co#ple> 4PAC5 4C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 2008 M*)**e% (., 20115. F*+e(+) #(!' */e+!'3 %he *"%e+ e&3e (+e %!)(#*"'&e& # #()6%h+"% ("% 4S!'3h e% (., 20105. The #*"'&(+#e%ee' %he *"%e+ ('& !''e+ e&3e, he+e ())+e%e& e&!$e'%%e+$!'(%e (3(!'% $*+e )*'*!&(%e& e&!$e'% *+ %he )+%(!'ee(&!'3 e&3e * %he */e++!&!'3 (%e, ! 6'*' ( %he bac+stop 4C** ('& Sh+e/e, 1885 4F!3"+e 2.=5.
=
![Page 41: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 41/228
Figure 2.3: Illustration of the main structural variations between erosive and
accretionary margins, based on Clift and Vannucchi (2004), von Huene and Ranero
(2003), and, and von Huene et al. (2004; 2009).
0
![Page 42: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 42/228
I' )*'%+(%, *+ e+*!/e $(+3!', %he $*% e((+& (+% * %he *"%e+e&3e !')"&e ( $( frontal pris# 4e.3. K. <('3 ('& H", 2005,h!)h )*'!% * $( %+('*+% &e*!% ('& ( $( +**+%!*' *())+e%e& e&!$e'%. The *"%e+ ('& !''e+ e&3e (+e )*$*e& *)+%(!'e +*)6 #e*'3!'3 %* %he *+e(+) )+"% +($e*+6 %h(% (+e
(%e+e& ('& +()%"+e& 4/*' H"e'e e% (., 2005. Th! h(+)*$*!%!*'( #*"'&(+ #()6%* $e(' %h(% e+*!/e $(+3!'%!)( e;h!#!% ( %eee+ #+e(6 !' *e (#*/e %he *"%e+ e&3e.A)%!/e>*"+)e +e@e)%!*' +*?e h(/e !"$!'(%e& ( !&e +('3e *("%!'3 %e !%h!' %he $(+!'e *+e(+). T!)(, !' ())+e%!*'(+$(+3!', %he *"%e+ e&3e 3+* ('& %h!)6e' (*'3 !$#+!)(%e,('&(+&>&!!'3 %h+"% ("% %h(% $e+3e (% &e%h %*(+& %he *('3e (%e !'%e+()e 4F!3"+e 2.=5. Thee !$#+!)(%e ("% (+e"#!-"!%*" e(%"+e !' e!$!) !$(3e +*$ ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!'4e.3. K*, 201= K. <('3 ('& H", 2005. L(+3e, *"%>*>e-"e')e,('&(+&>&!!'3 %h+"% ("% )"%%!'3 %h+*"3h %he $(+!'e *+e(+)(+e 6'*' ( #egasplay ("% 4S%+(e+ e% (., 2005. E/!&e')e *+$e3(( $(!' )*$e +*$ ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!' 4S(Je+ ('&
T*#!', 20115, ")h ( N('6(! 4P(+6 e% (., 20025 ('& )e'%+( Ch!e4L!ee+ e% (., 2015, #"% (* e;!% !' e+*!*'( $(+3!', ")h (E)"(&*+ 4C**% e% (., 20085. A'*%he+ %e * +e/e+e ("% ! (bac+thrust , h!)h, !' )*'%+(% %* (' !$#+!)(%e ('& ( ("%, h((' **!%e /e+3e')e %* %he $(!' e&3e 4!.e. %+e')h(+& &!!'35.
The+e ! e/!&e')e * $(*+ #()6%h+"%!'3 !' %he !''e+ e&3e 4Ch("h(' e% (., 200 He'%*)6 e% (., 200 S!'3h e% (., 20102011#5 ('& ( e ( $(e+>)(e #()6%h+"% !' %he *"%e+ e&3e
4De(' e% (., 2010 He'%*)6 e% (., 2005 * %he S"$(%+(' $(+3!'.Me'!)6 e% (. 420125 !'e+ ( ( ("% !' %he *"%h>)e'%+( Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e, (%h*"3h %h! ("% ! %+e')h(+&>&!!'3%he+e*+e, e &e?'e %h! ("% ( ( #()6%h+"%. I' %he C()(&!("#&")%!*' *'e, ( e+!e * &ee>e'e%+(%!'3 %+!6e>! ("% (+e+e(%e& %* *#!-"e )*'/e+3e')e * %he "#&")%!'3 Z"(' &e F")((%e 4G*&?'3e+ e% (., 1 M)C(J+e ('& G*&?'3e+, 175.
T* )*$e%e %he e)%+"$ * ("%!'3 %e, %"&!e h(/e !$(3e&'*+$( ("%, (+%!)"(+ !' e+*!/e $(+3!' 4F!3"+e 2.=5.L('&(+&>&!!'3 '*+$( ("% (+e )("e& # e&!$e'%"'&e+(%!'3 4O6($"+( e% (., 2008 R('e+* ('& /*' H"e'e, 2000
T"! e% (., 20115 ('& $(%e+!( %+('e+ #e%ee' %he "e+ ('&*e+ (%e. Thee '*+$( ("% (+e $*+e !6e %* *+$ ! %hee&3e ! e;%e'!*'( )+!%!)(, &"e %* ( * #(( +!)%!*' )*e)!e'%('& (' */e++e"+e& (%e !'%e+()e 4K. <('3 ('& H", 2005.S!$!(+, e((+&>&!!'3 '*+$( ("% !' %he !''e+ e&3e * %he'*+%he+' Ch!e $(+3!' (+e (*)!(%e& !%h 3+(/!%(%!*'( )*(e *%he *+e(+) 4C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 201 /*' H"e'e ('& R('e+*,200=5. H*e/e+, %he &e%h e;%e'% * "e+ (%e ("% ('& %he'(%"+e * %he!+ )*'%()% !%h %he (%e !'%e+()e (+e **+ +e*/e&.
The $e)h('!) * ())+e%!*'(+ e&3e h(/e #ee' !'/e%!3(%e&
"!'3 %* $(!' &'($!) $*&e: %he C*"*$# e&3e %he*+4D(he' e% (., 18 D(/! e% (., 18=5 ('& !% $*&!?e& &'($!)/e+!*' 4K. <('3 ('& H", 2005. F*+ %he !'%e+'( )*$*!%!*' * %he
1
![Page 43: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 43/228
$(+!'e *+e(+), %hee ('(e +e&!)% %h(% ())+e%!*'(+ e&3e('& %he!+ #(( &)*e$e'% h*"& h(/e 'e(+>!%h*%(%!) *+e+e"+e %* e;(!' ! *' %he "'&e+!'3 $e3(%h+"% ('& %he%(e+e& 3e*$e%+ * %he e&3e 4D(/! e% (., 18=5. H*e/e+,%hee @"!& +e"+e !6e /(+ %h+*"3h*"% %he e!$!) ))e 4K.
<('3 ('& H", 2005. O/e++e"+e )*'&!%!*' (+e !'e++e& +*$%+*'3 'e3(%!/e>*(+!% e!$!) +e@e)%!*' (*'3 ("% !%h!' %hee&3e 4e.3. B('3 e% (., 2005, ('& * P>(/e /e*)!% 4v p5 !'+e+()%!*' %*$*3+(h !$(3e 4C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 2008S((+], 20075. Ne/e+%hee, &!+e)% e/!&e')e *!'e++!'3 *+e+e"+e /("e !' %he *e+ *+e(+) ! &!)"% %* *#%(!' +*$ ()%!/e*"+)e e!$!) +*?e &"e %* %he ()6 * )*'%+(!'% *' S>(/e/e*)!% 4v s5, ('& he')e P*!*'9 +(%!*.
2.1.2Ce'%+( *+e(+) )+"%
M*/!'3 *'h*+e, %he +*)6 +($e*+6 * %he "e+ (%e )*'!% *!3'e*" *+ $e%($*+h!) #(e$e'% ('& !%h!?e& e&!$e'%(+ +*)6.C*$(+e& %* %he $(+!'e *+e(+), %he )e'%+( *+e(+) ! %+*'3e+ ('&e !'%e'e &e*+$e& 4/*' H"e'e e% (., 2005. The )*$*!%!*'* %he "e+ )+"% $( #e !'e++e& +*$ *"%)+* e;*"+e (*'3)*(%!'e ('& )*(%( h! +('3e %h*"3h, !% ! "')e+%(!' * h*+e+ee'%(%!/e %h! 3e**3 ! * *e+ )+"%( +*e+%!e.F"+%he+$*+e, ()%!/e *"+)e e!$!) $e%h*& h(/e !$!%e& +e*"%!*'(% %hee &e%h 4 =0 6$5, h!3h!3h%!'3 %he /("e * (!/e3e*h!)( $e%h*&, ")h ( (!/e e!$!) %*$*3+(h ('&
3+(/!% !'/e+!*'.C*$*!%!*'( he%e+*3e'e!% * %he "e+ (%e $( +e"% +*$ %he(')!e'% 3e**3!)( e/*"%!*' * %he *+e(+). F*+ e;($e, %he "e+(%e !' %he H!6"+('3! "#&")%!*' *'e * Ne Ve(('& )*'%(!'e/e+( %e++('e, e()h * h!)h )*$+!e $e%($*+h*e&())+e%!*'(+ e&3e 4e.3. E#e+h(+%>Ph!! ('& Re'e+, 20125.S!$!(+, %he *e+ )+"% !' %he C()(&!( "#&")%!*' *'e ! h!3hhe%e+*3e'e*" ('& )*$+!e %e++('e )*$*e& *$e%(e&!$e'%(+ ('& /*)('!) +*)6 4R($()h('&+(' e% (., 2005.A*'3 %he Ch!e "#&")%!*' $(+3!', %he "e+ )*'%!'e'%( *+e(+) !&!/!&e& !'%* e/e+( &!%!')% %+e')h>(+(e $*+h*%e)%*'!) "'!%
!')"&!'3 %he C*(%( C*+&!e+(, h!)h +e+ee'% %he +e$'('% * ($(3$(%!) (+) *+$e& !' Z"+(!)>C+e%()e*" %!$e, ('& %he*'3!%"&!'( /(e 4e.3. H"e' e% (., 20005.C+"%(>)(e ("% )(' (* )"% %h+*"3h %he )e'%+( )+"% 4F!3"+e2.=5, %h*"3h %hee (+e $*+e &e!'e(%e& ('& $(%"+e %h(' ("% !'%he *Jh*+e (+% * %he "e+ (%e. I' $(' "#&")%!*' *'e, %he)e'%+( *+e(+) )*$+!e %+!6e>! ("% %h(% ())*$$*&(%e*#!-"e (%e )*'/e+3e')e, %he #e% e;($e * h!)h ! %he 17006$ S"$(%+( ("% 4S!eh ('& N(%(!&((, 20005 !' I'&*'e!(. O%he+e;($e !')"&e %he N*+%h I('& &e;%+( #e% !' %he H!6"+('3!"#&")%!*' *'e 4<(()e, 2005 ('& %he L('(h"e ("% !' *"%h>)e'%+( Ch!e 4e.3. G*&' e% (., 20085.
2
![Page 44: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 44/228
2.1.=F*+e(+) $('%e e&3e
A+)(+& * %he )*(%!'e ('& #e'e(%h %he )e'%+( *+e(+) )+"% (%(+*"'& =70 6$ &e%h, %he $('%e e&3e ! ( "#!-"!%*" e(%"+e!' $(' "#&")%!*' *'e. The )*'%!'e'%( M*h* &e!'e(%e %he
#*"'&(+ #e%ee' %he $('%e e&3e ('& )e'%+( *+e(+) )+"%.H*e/e+, %he+e ! *$e /(+!(#!!% !' %he &e%h * %h! !'%e+e)%!*'#e%ee' &!Je+e'% "#&")%!*' *'e, ('& %he e%!$(%e &ee'& *'h* !% ! !$(3e& 4T(#e 2.15.Se!$!) !$(3e "33e% %h(% %he $('%e e&3e ! )*$*e& *e+!&*%!%e %h(% ! e+e'%!'!e& # (+*;!$(%e 20. Th!(%e+(%!*' +e"% +*$ @"!& 3e'e+(%e& # &eh&+(%!*' +e()%!*' !'%he &*'3*!'3 )+"% ('& !' "#&")%e& e&!$e'% 4H'&$(' ('&Pe()*)6, 200=5. The &e3+ee * e+e'%!'!(%!*' &ee'& *'(/(!(#e @"!& #"&3e% 4B*%*)6, 201=5. C*$(+e& %* "'(%e+e&
$('%e, %he +e&")e& e!$!) /e*)!%!e * e+e'%!'!e& e+!&*%!%e+e"% !' +e&")e& /e*)!% )*'%+(% ()+* %he )*'%!'e'%( M*h*. The#"++e& 3+(&(%!*'( '(%"+e * %h! #*"'&(+ ! *'e e;('(%!*' *+%he ()6 * )*'!%e') !' $e("+e$e'% * %he !'%e+e)%!*' &e%h#e%ee' %he )*'%!'e'%( M*h* ('& (%e !'%e+()e !' !'&!/!&"("#&")%!*' *'e 4T(#e 2.15. H!3h &e3+ee * $('%ee+e'%!'!(%!*' 4" %* 7005 e;!% !' %he "#&")%!*' *'e *C()(&!( 4B*%*)6 e% (., 20025, C*%( R!)( 4DeSh*' ('& S)h(+%,2005 ('& '*+%he+' Ch!e 4G+(e#e+ ('& A)h, 15.
Subduction
zone
Continental Moho –
plate interface
intersection depth
Method Reference
Cascadia 35 km STBostock et al. (2002)
Fuis (1998)
Chile
(north)
50 km RF Yuan et al. (2000)
40–50 km RR Wigger et al. (1994)
Chile
(south)
32 km RF Dzierma et al. (2012b)
50 km LET Haberland et al. (2009)
Costa Rica 36 km RF DeShon and Schwartz(2004)
Hikurangi 40 km REStern and Davey
(1990)
Japan
(north-east)27–29 km RE Nakajima et al. (2002)
Nankai 30 km RF Ueno et al. (2008)
=
![Page 45: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 45/228
Sumatra 20 km RE
Singh et al.
(2011a)Klingelhoefer
et al. (2010)
Table 2.1: Estimates of the intersection depth between the continental Moho and
plate interface for different subduction zones. ST = scattering tomography; RF =
receiver functions; LET = local earthquake tomography; RE = reflected phases;
RR = refraction seismology.
2.1.S"#&")%!'3 *)e('!) )+"%
D"e %* !% &e%h !' %he "#&")%!*' *'e, $*% 6'*e&3e *' %he%+")%"+e ('& )*$*!%!*' * %he *e+ (%e )*$e +*$ %"&!e *%he )+"% #e*+e !% e'%e+ %he "#&")%!*' *'e, ")h ( *)e('&+!!'3 ('& e!$!) +e+()%!*' e;e+!$e'%. C(!) %"&!e **h!*!%e e-"e')e h* %h(% *)e('!) )+"% ! )*$*e& * %*$(!' (e+: !* #((% ('& hee%e& &6e !' %he "e+ )+"%, ('& 3(##+* !' %he *e+ )+"%, +ee)%!/e. Thee &!%!')% (e+ &*'*% "'&e+3* $(*+ $e%($*+h!) h(e )h('3e "'%! e)*3!%!(%!*'(% (+*"'& 7 6$ &e%h 4e.3. B*%*)6, 201= H()6e+ ('& A#e+,2005. B(e& *' *#e+/(%!*' * )*'/e+%e& %eee!$!) (/e,A"&e% e% (. 42005 *"'& %h(% *+e +e"+e !' "#&")%e& *)e('!))+"% (*'3 %he C()(&!( $e3(%h+"% (+e !%h*%(%!). H!3h *+e+e"+e !$ %h(% %he "e+ "+()e * %he "#&")%e& )+"% !!$e+$e(#e h*e/e+, %h! %"& ( '*% (#e %* " +e*/e %he+*e+%!e * %he *Jh*+e (%e !'%e+()e &"e %* ( ()6 * *)e('>
#*%%*$ !'%+"$e'%(%!*'.A!&e +*$ %he !'%e+'( )*$*!%!*' * %he *)e('!) (%e, ( !&e#+e(&%h * *+6 h( *)"e& *' %+")%"+( )*$e;!% (% %he %* *%he "#&")%!'3 *)e('!) )+"%. Ch(!' * e($*"'% !%%e+ %he *)e('@**+, h!)h !'&!/!&"(, $( h(/e +e!e * " %* e/e+( %h*"('&* $e%+e. B(e& *' $(>(%!'3 e(%"+e ")h ( he(&>)(+,"$ ('& !&e (% %he *"%e+ e&3e 4e.3. <(%% e% (., 20105,e($*"'% (e(+ %* e'%e+ !'%* %he "#&")%!*' *'e. A )+")!(-"e%!*' %* ('e+ !: &* e($*"'% +e$(!' !'%()% ( %he #e3!' %*"#&")%\ D"e %* %he +e"%!'3 !$()% *' (%e !'%e+()e 3e*$e%+,"#&")%e& e($*"'% h(/e #ee' !$(3e& (% $(' &e%h !'
"#&")%!*' *'e, +*$ #e'e(%h %he *"%e+ *+e(+) 4Be e% (., 2015%* &ee #e'e(%h %he *+e(+) $('%e e&3e 4S!'3h e% (., 2011(5.F"+%he+$*+e, e($*"'% h(/e ( &e'e, $(?) )*$*!%!*', $(6!'3%he$ !&e'%!?(#e +*$ e!$!), 3+(/!% ('& $(3'e%!)$e("+e$e'% 4e.3. T+eh" e% (., 20125.
Th+*"3h*"% %h! &e)+!%!*' * "#&")%!*' &*$(!', ( )*$$*'%he$e h( #ee' %he +ee')e * ("% %h(% 'e!3h#*"+ %he$e3(%h+"% !'%e+()e. The *e+ (%e ! '* e;)e%!*'. A*'3 %heS"$(%+( $(+3!', "#&")%!*' * ee/(%e& +()%"+e *'e !' %he*)e('!) (%e ! !'%e++e%e& +*$ #(%h$e%+ 4R*#!'*' e% (.,
2005 ('& e!$!)!% (%%e+' 4L('3e e% (., 20105. I' (&&!%!*' %*+()%"+e *'e, e;%e'!*'( %+")%"+e !' %he *e+ (%e &e/e* (
![Page 46: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 46/228
%he (%e #e'& (% %he *"%e+ +!e. Be'&!'3>+e(%e& %+")%"+e ")h( h*+% ('& 3+(#e', h!)h )(' h(/e +e!e " %* 800 $ 4e.3. /*'H"e'e ('& R('e+*, 200=5, (+e !'e++e& +*$ *)e(' #(%h$e%+ ('&e!$!) +e@e)%!*' +*?e 4e.3. C*'%+e+(>Ree e% (., 20085. Thee("% $( ()% ( ( )*'&"!% *+ @"!&, h&+(%!'3 %he *)e('!) )+"%
4e.3. G(+%h ('& R!e%#+*)6, 201 Pe()*)6, 20015.
2.1.7S"#&")%e& e&!$e'%
S* (+, e h(/e ("$e& %h(% %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e ! (h(+ )*'%()% #e%ee' %he "e+ ('& *e+ (%e. H*e/e+, %he(%e #*"'&(+ )(' #e /!ee& ( ( $*+e &!J"e +e3!*' %h(% $()*'%(!' ( '(++* 4^ 2 6$ %h!)65 (e+ * e&!$e'%(+ $(%e+!(.Dee>e( &+!!'3 +*e)% h(/e +e/e(e& %h(% (+*;!$(%e2.=;1017 3 * e&!$e'%(+ $(%e+!( ! %+('*+%e& !'%* "#&")%!*'%e$ e/e+ e(+ 4Re( ('& R"J, 15. Pe(3!) e&!$e'% *' %*
* %he !')*$!'3 (%e )(' #e )()(+e*" *+ !!)e*" &ee'&!'3 *'&e*!%!*'( &e%h. A %he *)e('!) (%e 'e(+ %he %+e')h,%e++!3e'*" $(%e+!(, ")h ( )( ('& (h>( %"J, ! (&&e& 4C**('& Sh+e/e, 1885. O)e('!) ('& )*'%!'e'%( e&!$e'% )*$#!'e %*+*&")e ( %+e')h %h!)6'e * (+*"'& 1 6$ !' $*% "#&")%!*'*'e 4C!% ('& (''"))h!, 2005.E(+ e(@**+ &+!!'3 %"&!e h* %h(% (% *$e "#&")%!*'$(+3!', ")h ( %he Lee+ A'%!e, %+e')h e&!$e'% ! ())+e%e&*'%* ('& "'&e+ %he e(&!'3 e&3e * %he "e+ (%e. F*+ *%he+$(+3!', ")h ( %he M(+!('(, e&!$e'% $( #e &+!/e' &*' %*
&e%h ( 3+e(% ( 100 6$ 4C** ('& Sh+e/e, 1885. Th! (e+ *&e)e'&!'3 e&!$e'% ! 6'*' ( %he subduction channel, h!)h !&e?'e& # C** ('& Sh+e/e 41885 (, W( %h!' (e+ * +(!&he(+!'3, **+ )*'*!&(%e& e&!$e'% %h(% ! &+(33e& # %he&e)e'&!'3 (%e #e'e(%h %he */e++!&!'3 (%e, ('& !% ())+e%!*'(++!$, he+e +ee'%9. The "#&")%!*' )h(''e )(' h(/e ( #"6&e'!% * 2200 63$= ('& ( *+*!% * 2027 4C** ('& Sh+e/e,1885. D"e %* %hee +*e+%!e, e&!$e'% )(' ()% ( ( %+*'3+he**3!)( ('*$( ('& $( h(/e (' !$*+%('% !'@"e')e *'&'($!) * %he (%e !'%e+()e.S"#&")%!*' )h(''e %h!)6'e e%!$(%e $( &e/!(%e +*$
$e("+e * %+e')h ? #e)("e e&!$e'% $( ())+e%e *'%* %he+*'%( e&3e, *+ %e)%*'!) e+*!*' $( %+('e+ *$e * %h!$(%e+!( %* %he "#&")%!*' )h(''e 4He"+e% e% (., 20125.F"+%he+$*+e, e/e+( &!Je+e'% ()%*+ )*'%+* %he ($*"'% *e&!$e'% %h(% ! "#&")%e& 4C** ('& Sh+e/e, 1885, ")h (!%h**3 * %he *+e(+), )*'/e+3e')e +(%e, %**3+(h ('& &! *%he &*'3*!'3 (%e. D!+e)% $e("+e$e'% e%!$(%e %h(% %he"#&")%!*' )h(''e ! 1_0.7 6$ %h!)6 4K*, 201=5. H*e/e+, %h!/("e &ee'& *' %he &e%h (% h!)h %he )h(''e ! $e("+e&, ('&%he !$(3!'3 $e%h*& "e& 4T(#e 2.25. Th!)6'e )*'%+(!'% )('(* #e *#%(!'e& +*$ e;h"$e& "#&")%!*' he(+ *'e. F*+e;($e, (''"))h! e% (. 420085 +e*+% ( "#&")%!*' )h(''e%h!)6'e * 700 $, !%h !3'!?)('% (*'3>%+!6e /(+!(%!*', +*$ ('
7
![Page 47: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 47/228
(')!e'% e+*!/e $(+3!' e;*e& !' %he N*+%he+' Ae''!'e * I%(.<he+e (+3e /*"$e * e&!$e'% (+e "#&")%e&, %he e&3e * %he)h(''e (+e h(+. I' )*'%+(%, %he )h(''e !'e% $( h(/e ( $*+e3+(&(%!*'( *+$ !' ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!'.
#u&duction>one
(hicness o%
su&ductedsedi$ent
!e%erence
H!6"+('3!, NeVe(('&
1 2 6$E#e+h(+%>Ph!! ('&
Re'e+ 415
NE H*'h", Z(('
1.01.7 6$ /*' H"e'e e% (. 415
E)"(&*+ 17000 $ S(3e e% (. 42005
N('6(! 2 6$ P(+6 e% (. 420105
N*+%he+' Ch!e 0.2 6$/*' H"e'e ('& R('e+*
4200=5
Ce'%+( Ch!e4M("e5
0.71 6$G+e/e$ee+ e% (. 4200=5
C*'%+e+(>Ree e% (.420085
S*"%h>Ce'%+(Ch!e 4(&!/!(5 1.21.8 6$
G+e/e$ee+ e% (. 4200=5
C*'%+e+(Ree e% (.420105
Table 2.2: Estimates of subduction channel thickness for different subduction
zones.
2.2S%+")%"+( ('& )*$*!%!*'( !'@"e')e *'$e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'!) #eh(/!*"+
The '(%"+e * h!)( +*e+%!e ('& %+")%"+e %h(% )*'%+*$e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'e! ! (' *'>3*!'3 &e#(%e !' e(+%h-"(6e)!e')e. I' %he )(!) %"& * R"J ('& K('($*+! 41805, !% (+**e& %h(% %he !e * e(+%h-"(6e (e+!%!e ! +e(%e& %* #*%h%he (3e * %he "#&")%!'3 (%e ('& !% )*'/e+3e')e /e*)!%.H*e/e+, #(e& *' %h! $*&e, %he '*+%h>e(% Z((' "#&")%!*'*'e *"& '*% h(/e #ee' (#e %* 3e'e+(%e ( +"%"+e %h(% ( %he!e * %he 2011 Mw .0 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e. The+e*+e, !% ! ("!#e%h(% $(' &!Je+e'% h!)( +*e+%!e !'@"e')e %he e!$*3e'!)#eh(/!*"+ * "#&")%!*' *'e. I' %he e(+ 10, *+6e+ #e3('%* )*'!&e+ "e+ (%e +he**3 ( ( %+*'3 !'@"e')e *'
$e3(%h+"% +*)ee 4e.3. M)C(J+e, 1=5. A% %he +e3!*'( )(e,)*'%!'e'%( "e+ (%e %h(% (+e h!3h )*$+e!*'( +*&")e,
![Page 48: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 48/228
+e"%!'3 !' ( $*+e %+*'3e+ )*"e& (*'3 %he "#&")%!*' (%e !'%e+()e %h(', )*$(+e& %h*e !%h *)e('!) ('& e;%e'!*'( "e+(%e 4He"+e% e% (., 20115. F"'&($e'%(, he%he+ *+ '*% ( (+3e+"%"+e )(' #e h*%e& *' %he !'%e+()e ! 3*/e+'e& # !% eJe)%!/ehe(+ %+e'3%h, h!)h ! !' %"+' &e%e+$!'e& # $(' +*e+%!e,
")h ( '*+$( %+e, *+e @"!& +e"+e, e+$e(#!!%, +!3!&!%,%e$e+(%"+e, ('& )*e)!e'% * +!)%!*'. Thee (+($e%e+ $( /(+*/e+ $")h $(e+ )(e %h(' %he !%h*he+!)>)(e /(+!(%!*'&e)+!#e& (#*/e. F+!)%!*'( +e*'e $( (* #e &'($!),(+%!)"(+ !' +e*'e %* (+3e !, !%h $(%e+!( +e*'&!'3 !'e!%he+ /e*)!%>e(6e'!'3 *+ /e*)!%>%+e'3%he'!'3 $*&e 4S)h*,185. The+e*+e, $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'!) +*)ee )(''*% #ee;(!'e& # ( !'3e +*e+% %he (+e $*+e !6e +e(%e& %* ()*$e; !'%e+( #e%ee' %he %+")%"+e ('& )*$*!%!*' * %he$(!' "#&")%!*' *'e &*$(!', ( &!)"e& #e*.
2.2.1The ">&! +"%"+e !$!%: "#&")%e& e&!$e'% ('&@"!&
F**!'3 %he e(+ $*&e * R"J ('& K('($*+! 41805 %h(% h*e&( +e(%!*'h! #e%ee' e(+%h-"(6e !e, (%e (3e ('& )*'/e+3e')e+(%e, R"J 4185 +**e& %h(% %he %h!)6'e * %+e')h ? (*!'@"e')e 3*#( e(+%h-"(6e (%%e+'. I% ( *"'& %h(% $(+3!')*'%(!'!'3 (' e;)e * %+e')h e&!$e'%, ")h ( %he *"%he+'Ch!e ('& A(6( $(+3!', %e'& %* +*&")e %he (+3e% e(+%h-"(6e.H*e/e+, %hee )(!) %"&!e e+e #(e& *' ( !$!%e& e(+%h-"(6e
+e)*+&, )*$(+e& %* %h(% ! (/(!(#e %*&(. T* h!3h!3h% %h!&+(#()6, %he %+e')h !' %he +"%"+e (+e( * %he 2011 Mw .0 T*h*6", Z((' e(+%h-"(6e )*'%(!' *' =70 $ * e&!$e'% ? 4K*&(!+( e%(., 2012 N(6($"+( e% (., 201=5. Ne/e+%hee, %he +ee')e *)( (% %he $(;!$"$ (e+!% * %h! e(+%h-"(6e 4Che%e+ e% (.,201=5 &*e !'&!)(%e ( !'6 #e%ee' "#&")%!*' )h(''e +*e+%!e('& +"%"+e $e)h('!). F"+%he+$*+e, (*'3>%+!6e /(+!(%!*' !' %he%h!)6'e ('& @"!& )*'%e'% * %he "#&")%!*' )h(''e #e'e(%hS"$(%+( $( h(/e )*'%+*e& %he +"%"+e !$!% * %he 200 Mw .1('& 2007 Mw 8. e(+%h-"(6e 4De(' e% (., 20105, *!# &"e %*%he !'"(%!'3 eJe)% * e&!$e'% 4Gee+e' e% (., 201=5.
O'e e(%"+e )*$$*' %* $(' "#&")%!*' $(+3!' ! +e&")e&e!$!)!% (% 717 6$ &e%h. The e((+& e;%e'% * 3+e(%e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e )*!')!&e !%h ( )+!%!)( %e$e+(%"+e * 100170C 4H'&$(' e% (., 17 Oe6e/!)h e% (., 15. Th!!*%he+$ %!)( *))"+ !%h!' %he +*'%( +!$, h*!'3 %h(%e&!$e'% !'@"e')e %he+$( +*e+%!e * $e3(%h+"%, h!)h (Je)%e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+. The h!)( $e)h('!$ #eh!'& %h!%he+$( )*'%+* +e$(!' 3+e(% &e#(%e&, !%h (+3"$e'% *)"!'3*' %he )*$*!%!*' ('& %he +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e * e&!$e'%. E(+%"&!e "33e% %h(% %he &eh&+(%!*' * )(, ('& ())*$('!e&
h(e )h('3e +*$ $e)%!%e %* !!%e ('& )h*+!%e, ( (' !$*+%('%+*e !' %he ">&! !$!% * e!$*3e'e! 4+*!6, 105. H*e/e+,
![Page 49: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 49/228
%he ()6 * e/!&e')e *+ $e)%!%e !' %he %+e')h ? * *$e"#&")%!*' *'e, ")h ( C()(&!( 4H'&$(' e% (., 15, $(6e%h! %he*+ +*#e$(%!). A *+ %he +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e * )(h(e, (#*+(%*+ %"&!e h* %h(% !!%e ! +!)%!*'( %+*'3e+%h(' $e)%!%e 4e.3. M*++* e% (., 1825, !$!%!'3 %he ">&! +"%"+e
!$!%. A (%e+ %"& # S(Je+ ('& M(+*'e 4200=5 h* %h(% !!%e&!( /e*)!%>%+e'3%he'!'3 #eh(/!*"+ "'&e+ ( !&e +('3e *)*'&!%!*', !'&!)(%!'3 %h(% %h! h(e )h('3e ! '*% %he $(!' )*'%+**' %he ">&! !$!% * e!$*3e'e!. E/e' ! %hee h(e %+('!%!*'&* e;e+% ( )*'%+* *' $!'!$"$ +"%"+e &e%h, %he %! &* '*%e;(!' h e/e'% ")h ( %he 2011 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e (+e (#e %*+e()h %he %+e')h. F("6'e+ e% (. 420115 "33e% %h(% )( e&!$e'%(+e /e*)!%>e(6e'!'3 (% h!3h ! +(%e &"e %* +(!& %he+$(+e"+!(%!*'. F"+%he+$*+e, e h(/e * (+ ("$e& %h(% %he ">&! !$!% ! ( h(+ #*"'&(+ !' +e(!%, %h! #*"'&(+ ! !6e3+(&(%!*'( #e)("e !% ! )*'%+*e& # ( +('3e * h&+**3!)(,%he+$( ('& )*$*!%!*'( ()%*+ 4K. <('3 ('& H", 2005.<he%he+ ( $(+3!' ! e+*!*'( *+ ())+e%!*'(+ (Je)% e&!$e'% @";!'%* %he "#&")%!*' *'e. B $*&e!'3 %he %he+$( %+")%"+e *)*'/e+3e'% $(+3!', H(++! e% (. 42015 *"'& %h(% %he $e3(%h+"%!' ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!' ! (+$e+ %h(' !' e+*!/e $(+3!' &"e %*%he !'"(%!'3 eJe)% * %h!)6 &e*!%. I %he ">&! !$!% *e!$*3e'e! ! %he+$( )*'%+*e& 4e.3. S(Je+ ('& M(+*'e,200=5, ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!' h*"& h(/e ( !&e+ e!$*3e'!) (%e!'%e+()e, )*'!%e'% !%h %he ?'&!'3 * S$!%h e% (. 4201=5 *+ %heM(6+(' "#&")%!*' *'e. A %(%!%!)( ('(!A' ('(! *
e(+%h-"(6e )h(+()%e+!%!) ('& $(+3!' %e h* %h(% *'3>&"+(%!*' %"'($! e(+%h-"(6e %e'& %* $(%e+!(!e (% e+*!/e$(+3!', he+e( %he (+3e% e(+%h-"(6e 4Mw 8.75 *))"+ (%())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!' 4F!3"+e 2.25 4B!e6, 20105. L*'3 *"+)e&"+(%!*' * h(* +"%"+e !'&!)(%e %he +ee')e * *>+!3!&!%$(%e+!( 4B!e6 ('& L(, 15, )*'!%e'% !%h @"!& (%"+(%e&e&!$e'% #e'e(%h %he *"%e+ e&3e. F"!& e;ee& +*$ e&!$e'%+e&")e eJe)%!/e '*+$( %+e ()%!'3 *' %he (%e !'%e+()e,*e+!'3 +!)%!*'( %(#!!% 4R('e+* e% (., 2008 S)h*, 18<(()e e% (., 2005. I' $(' "#&")%!*' *'e, %he ">&! !$!% %*e!$*3e'e! )*++e(%e !%h ( "&&e' +e&")%!*' !' (%e
+e@e)%!/!%, !'&!)(%!'3 &!$!'!he& @"!& )*'%e'% !' %he e!$*3e'!)*'e 4R('e+* e% (., 20085.
2.2.2The &*'>&! !$!% * e!$*3e'e!: %he $('%ee&3e
The &*'>&! !$!% &e%e+$!'e %he ('&(+& e;%e'% * %hee!$*3e'!) *'e. S!$!(+ %* %he ">&! !$!% * e!$*3e'e!, (%he+$( )*'%+*e& brittle:ductile transition 4BDT5 h( #ee'+**e& ( %he $(!' )*'%+*. B(e& *' (#*+(%*+ $e("+e$e'%,
-"(+%*>e&(%h!) +*)6 #e)*$e /e*)!%>%+e'3%he'!'3 (%%e$e+(%"+e * =7070C 4e.3. B('!e& e% (., 175. Thee
8
![Page 50: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 50/228
!*%he+$ )*++e*'& %* %he &*'>&! !$!% * (%e+h*)6 **!'3%he 200 S"$(%+( e(+%h-"(6e 4K!'3eh*ee+ e% (., 20105.Oe6e/!)h e% (. 415 "33e% %he )*'&!%!*'(>%(#e #eh(/!*"+* e+e'%!'!%e +e"% !' ( *'e * %+('!%!*'( e!$*3e'!))h(+()%e+ (% %hee %e$e+(%"+e. H*e/e+, R"J ('& T!)he((+
415 *"'& %h(% %hee !*%he+$ *))"+ $")h &eee+ %h(' %he&*'>&! !$!% * $(' (% +"%"+e 4070 6$5. I% ! (+3"e& %h(% (BDT #(e& h* *' )+"%( !%h**3!e $( '*% #e (+*+!(%e *+&e%h * =0 6$ #e)("e !%h**3!e (+e !6e he%e+*3e'e*" ('&$( !')"&e ( $!;%"+e * #((% +*$ %he &*'3*!'3 (%e ('&"#&")%!*' )h(''e e&!$e'%.<!%h %he ()6 * e/!&e')e "*+%!'3 ( %he+$( )*'%+*e& BDT,(%e+'(%!/e e;('(%!*' e+e !'/e%!3(%e&. R"J ('& T!)he((+415 *"'& ( )*++e(%!*' !%h %he )*(%!'e ('& &*'>&! !$!% *%he e!$*3e'!) *'e *+ $(' )!+)"$>P()!?) $(+3!'. Th! ?'&!'3"33e% %h(% %he !'%e+e)%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e !%h %he)*'%!'e'%( M*h* * %he */e+!'3 (%e ! ( )*'%+* *' %he &*'>&!!$!% * e!$*3e'e!. Th*"3h, ( &e)+!#e& (#*/e, %h! #*"'&(+! '*% )e(+ &e?'e& ('& $( /(+ !3'!?)('% *+ &!Je+e'%+e3!*'. F"+%he+$*+e, %he )*++e(%!*' ! )*$!)(%e& #*#e+/(%!*' * $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e e;%e'&!'3 !'%* %he *+e(+)$('%e 4He"+e% e% (., 20115. A &ee e!$*3e'!) *'e e;!% !' %heS"$(%+( "#&")%!*' *'e. He+e, *)6!'3 ( "+*+%e& %* #e h!3h !'%he $('%e 4S!$*e e% (., 2005, he+e %he 200 Mw .1 S"$(%+(e(+%h-"(6e '")e(%e& ('& !e& 4De( e% (., 2005. The+$*>$e)h('!)( !$"(%!*' !'&!)(%e %h(% +"%"+e !'%* %he $('%e *))"+
&"e %* h!3h &e/!(%*+!) %+ee 4D!'%he+ e% (., 201=5. Thee +e"%!'&!)(%e %h(% %he &*'>&! !$!% ! %he+$(>3*/e+'e& 4D!'%he+ e%(., 201=5, ('& %he /e*)!%>%+e'3%he'!'3 #eh(/!*"+ * e+e'%!'!%e( ( $!'*+ +*e. Th! ?'&!'3 )*"& e;(!' +"%"+e %h(% &* '*%e;%e'& !'%* %he $('%e e/e' %h*"3h %he+e ! !%%e e/!&e')e *+!3'!?)('% e+e'%!'!(%!*', ")h ( %he 10 Mw .7 (&!/!(, Ch!ee(+%h-"(6e 4H(#e+('& e% (., 2005.
2.2.=The S"#&")%!'3 P(%e: Ge*$e%+, %**3+(h ('&+()%"+e *'e
A)%!/e *"+)e e!$!) %"&!e +e/e( h(+ #e'& !' $e3(%h+"%3e*$e%+ (% *$e $(+3!' %h(% h(/e #ee' +**e& %* )*'%+* %he"> ('& &*'>&! !$!% * +"%"+e 4C*'%+e+(>Ree e% (., 2012 I%*e% (., 20075. The !'%"!%!/e !$()% * "#&")%e& e($*"'% *'"e+ (%e &e*+$(%!*' )*$#!'e& !%h e;%e'!/e *#e+/(%!*' *"#&")%e& %**3+(h h( e& $(' %"&!e %* )*++e(%e +*"3h'e*' %he &*'3*!'3 (%e !%h $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+.L!'6 #e%ee' e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e ('& %**3+(h!) e(%"+e*' %he *)e('!) (%e e+e *+!3!'( $(&e # M*3! 415 ('&Keehe+ ('& M)C('' 415. <!%h !$+*/e& e!$!) !$(3!'3, %he+e
( ( 3+*%h !' %"&!e &"+!'3 %he 10 ('& e(+ 2000 +*/!&!'3$*"'%!'3 e/!&e')e *+ "#&")%e& %**3+(h!) e(%"+e %+*'3
![Page 51: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 51/228
!'@"e')!'3 e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e. H*e/e+, %he $(''e+ !' h!)he($*"'% (Je)% e!$*3e'e! +e$(!' %+*'3 &e#(%e&.O+!3!'(, e($*"'% e+e %h*"3h% %* )("e (+3e e(+%h-"(6e#e)("e %he ()% ( ( *!'% * %+*'3 +e!%(')e, %he+e# ()%!'3 ((' (e+!% 4C**, 12 S)h* ('& S$(, 15. The+e (+e
e/e+( e;($e * (e+!%>)("!'3 e($*"'% !' %he Z(/(,H!6"+('3! ('& C*%( R!)( $(+3!' %hee (+e ( (*)!(%e& !%h*'3 &"+(%!*' %"'($! e(+%h-"(6e 4A#e+)+*$#!e e% (., 2001 Bee% (., 201 H"e' e% (., 20025. C*'/e+e, )*'e'" ! 3+*!'3%h(% e($*"'% ()% ( +"%"+e #(++!e+ 4e.3. K*&(!+( e% (., 2000P(+6 e% (., 200 S!'3h e% (., 2011(5. B(e& *' e!$!) +e@e)%!*'+*?e, K*&(!+( e% (. 420005 !$(3e ( 70 6$ !&e # 1= 6$ %h!)6e($*"'% !'3 (% 10 6$ &e%h !' %he N('6(! "#&")%!*' *'e. Th!%+")%"+e ( "'&e+%**& %* h(/e ()%e& ( ( #(++!e+ &"+!'3 %he1 M 8.1 N('6(!&* e(+%h-"(6e, &"e %* !')+e(e& ("% )*"!'3.A' (%e+'(%!/e %e * #(++!e+ #eh(/!*"+ h( #ee' +**e& !' h!)he($*"'% e(6e' %he (%e !'%e+()e 4M*)h!"6! e% (., 2008S!'3h e% (., 2011(5. <('3 ('& B!e6 420115 h* %h(% e($*"'%)+e(%e ( (/*"+(#e %+e e'/!+*'$e'% *+ $( e(+%h-"(6e ('&(e!$!) )+ee. Th! !'%e++e%(%!*' ! ("!#e !')e %he+e ! !%%e3e**3!)( e/!&e')e !' e;h"$e& "#&")%!*' )*$e;e *+h*e(e e($*"'% &e)(!%(%!*' ( +**e& # C** 4125.M*+e*/e+, <('3 ('& B!e6 420115 "33e% %h(% %he +()%"+e& '(%"+e* "#&")%e& e($*"'% )*$#!'e !%h @"!&>+!)h e&!$e'% %*e(6e' %he (%e !'%e+()e.S* (+, e !$!%e& *"+ &!)"!*' %* !'3e e($*"'% h*e/e+,
%he $( (* *))"+ ( *'3, !'e(+ )h(!'. <!%h %h! !' $!'&, !% !*!#e %h(% %he e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+ * "#&")%e& %**3+(h$( &ee'& *' !% $*+h**3. B!e6 e% (. 4200=5 h* %h(%e(+%h-"(6e (*)!(%e& !%h !'&!/!&"( e($*"'% !' %he M!&&eA$e+!)( "#&")%!*' *'e ()% ( (e+!%!e, he+e( %he "#&")%e&C*)* +!&3e !'h!#!% +"%"+e. S!$!(+, !' %he A'&e(' $(+3!', %he
Z"(' Fe+'('&e +!&3e )*++e(%e !%h e3$e'% #*"'&(+!e * 3+e(%e(+%h-"(6e 4S(+6e e% (., 20105. L!6e!e, )h(!' * "#&")%e&e($*"'% e;!% (% %he *"%he+' ('& '*+%he+' e'& * %he 2011
T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e (+e(, *!# ()%!'3 ( #(++!e+ %* %h!+"%"+e 4K. <('3 ('& B!e6, 2015.
L!6e e($*"'% ('& *)e('!) +!&3e, !% ! ())e%e& %h(% +()%"+e*'e !3'!?)('% e+%"+# $e)h('!)( )*"!'3 * %he (%e!'%e+()e 4M`e+ ('& L('&3+e#e, 20125. A6!' %* %he (#*/ee($*"'% &!)"!*', %he+e (+e )*'@!)%!'3 *!'!*' *' %he !$()%* +()%"+e *'e *' e!$*3e'e!. R*#!'*' e% (. 42005 h*e&%h(% %he 2001 Pe+" e(+%h-"(6e ( %(e& # %he N()( +()%"+e*'e, h!)h h( ( +e!e * e/e+( h"'&+e& $e%+e *' %he e(@**+.H*e/e+, +()%"+e *'e $( '*% ()% ( ( )*$e%e #(++!e+, (h*' # %he 200 S**$*' I('& e(+%h-"(6e !' h!)h %he+"%"+e "$e& ()+* ( (%e #*"'&(+ +()%"+e 4F"+*'3 e% (.,
2005. C*'/e+e, +*$ ( %(%!%!)( ('(! * (% e(+%h-"(6e,M"e+ ('& L('&3+e#e 420125 ?'& %h(% $*% (+3e "#&")%!*'+"%"+e 4Mw 8.05 *))"+ he+e +()%"+e *'e !'%e+e)% %he %+e')h.
70
![Page 52: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 52/228
2.2.C*$*!%!*', +he**3 ('& %+")%"+e * *+e(+) )+"%
T* %he ?+% *+&e+, $e3(%h+"% e3$e'% #*"'&(+!e %!)()*++e(%e %* (+3e $*+h**3!)( e(%"+e * %he "e+ (%e, ")h( e'!'"( ('& e$#($e'% 4e.3. A'&*, 17 Keehe+, 125.
E;($e * )*''e)%!*' #e%ee' )*(%( he(&('& ('&$e3(%h+"% )*"!'3 !')"&e %he Me!*'e e'!'"( !' '*+%he+'Ch!e 4M%*! e% (., 201= !)%*+ e% (., 20115, %he Sh!"'6 ('&K+*'*%6 e'!'"( !' %he K($)h(%6( "#&")%!*' *'e 4B`+3$(''e% (., 20075, ('& %he R("6"$(+( e'!'"( !' Ne Ve(('& 4e.3.<(()e e% (., 2005. I' )*'%+(%, %he (%e !'%e+()e #e'e(%h %heN!)*( e'!'"( (*'3 %he C*%( R!)( $(+3!' ( %+*'3 *)6e&+!*+ %* (' Mw . e(+%h-"(6e !' 2012 ('& h( ( *'3 h!%*+ *(+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e 4P+*%%! e% (., 2015. Re3(+&e *%he #eh(/!*"+ * !'&!/!&"( )*(%( e(%"+e, %hee *#e+/(%!*'
!$ %h(% %he %+")%"+e * %he */e++!&!'3 *+e(+) e;e+% ( %+*'3)*'%+* *' (%e !'%e+()e e!$!)!%. The #()6%* %e'& %* &e!'e(%e %he ">&! +"%"+e !$!% * $*%(+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e 4S*'3 ('& S!$*', 200= K. <('3('& H", 200 <e e% (., 200=5. S!$!(+, <e e% (. 4200=5"33e% %h(% *+e(+) #(!' $( #e (' !'&!)(%*+ * *'3>!/e&(e+!%!e !' ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!'. A ( "+%he+ &e/e*$e'% * %h!!&e(, S*'3 ('& S!$*' 4200=5 ?'& %h(% * 3+(/!% ('*$(!e !' %he*+e(+) 46'*' ( %+e')h (+(e 3+(/!% ('*$(5 3*#()*++e(%e !%h +e3!*' * h!3h ! &"+!'3 (% (+3e e(+%h-"(6e.
Th! +e(%!*'h! ( e;(!'e& # h!3h he(+ %+()%!*' e+*&!'3 %he
#(e * %he "e+ (%e. E+*!*' "#e-"e'% )("e "#!&e')e * %he */e+!'3 *+e(+), #"% %he e;()% $e)h('!$ * #(!' *+$(%!*'+e$(!' ( )*'%e'%!*" !"e 4F"e+ e% (., 2005.S!$!(+ %* %he +*e * * 3+(/!% ('*$(!e !' %he *+e(+), *+6e+h(/e (* (ee& %he !3'!?)(')e * h!3h &e'!% ('*$(!e !'%he "e+ (%e, h!)h !')+e(e '*+$( %+e ('& he(+ %+e'3%h(*'3 %he $e3(%h+"% 4e.3. T((+(, 20105. K*&(!+( e% (. 42005 !'%e++e% ( h!3h v p %+")%"+e !' %he *+e(+) #e'e(%h %he K!! e'!'"(!' %he N('6(! "#&")%!*' *'e ( (' !'%+"&e& !3'e*" )*$e;h!)h )+e(%e %+*'3 )*"!'3 (3(!'% %he "#&")%!'3 (%e. B(e&*' '"$e+!)( $*&e!'3 * +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e, %h! !3'e*" #*&+e+ee'% ( e3$e'% #*"'&(+, he+e e(+%h-"(6e %e'& %*'")e(%e. S*$e * %he #e% e;($e * )*++e(%!*' #e%ee' "e+(%e &e'!% ('*$(!e ('& e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+!%!) )*$e +*$)e'%+( Ch!e. F*+ e;($e, !' %he +e3!*' * %he 17 Mw 8.0A'%*(3(%( e(+%h-"(6e, &e'e "%*'!) #*&!e !' %he *+e(+))*++e(%e !%h h!3h *%e!$!) b>/("e 4S*#!e!(6 e% (., 2005.F"+%he+$*+e, %he 200 Mw . T*)*!( e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e& ('(+e( )h(+()%e+!e& # ( h!3h 3+(/!% ('*$( 4L*/ee e% (., 2010
T((+(, 20105. Thee e;($e * &e'e %+")%"+e ()%!'3 ((e+!%!e (+e !' )*'%+(% %* %he ?'&!'3 * <e e% (. 4200=5 ('&
S*'3 ('& S!$*' 4200=5. A%h*"3h %he (e+!%>#(++!e+ &e)+!%!*'! e (!)(#e *+ %he +"%"+e '")e(%!*' *!'% * (+3e
71
![Page 53: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 53/228
e(+%h-"(6e, T((+( 420105 !'&!)(%e %h(% (+3e e(+%h-"(6e !' %heCh!e "#&")%!*' *'e '")e(%e (% %he e&3e * h!3h &e'!% #*&!e!' %he *e+ *+e(+), ")h ( %he A'%*(3(%( e(+%h-"(6e.Dee>+**%e& ("% !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e )(' ()% ( )*'&"!% *+@"!& $!3+(%!*' ('& )(' e+%"+# he(+ %+e (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"%.
O'e * %he ?+% &*)"$e'%e& e;($e * )+"%( ("% &!+e)%!'@"e')!'3 $e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+ ! %he E)"(&*+ "#&")%!*' *'e.B(e& *' e!$!) +e@e)%!*' !$(3e, C**% e% (. 42005 *"'& %h(%%+('+e!/e ("% (*'3 %he $(+3!' )*++e(%e !%h %he +"%"+e!$!% * (% (+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e. Thee ("% (+ee(6e+ %h(' %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e %he+e*+e, %he ()% ( (e(6 $e)h('!)( #(++!e+, (*!'3 e(%!) %+(!' +ee(e %* #e(+%!%!*'e&. Se((+&>&!!'3 #()6%h+"% )*e %* %he #()6%* !'%he S"$(%+( "#&")%!*' *'e !$!% %he ">&! e;%e'% * $e3(%h+"%e(+%h-"(6e ('& )(' ()% ( ( e)*'&(+ %"'($!3e'!) *"+)e&"+!'3 (+3e e(+%h-"(6e 4Ch("h(' e% (., 200 He'%*)6 e% (.,2005. Se&!$e'% !' %he *"%e+ e&3e (+e )((#e * %*+!'3 e(%!)e'e+3, (*!'3 +"%"+e (*'3 e(6 $e3(( ("% &"+!'3 (+3e$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e, &ee'&!'3 *' +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e (*'3%he ("% 4K. <('3 ('& H", 2005. S!$!(+ %* #()6%h+"%, $e3((("% $( !$!% %he ">&! !$!% * $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'e! 4P(+6e% (., 20025. A (+3e, ('&(+&>&!!'3 '*+$( ("% !' %he *"%e+e&3e *Jh*+e * '*+%h>e(% Z((' 4T"! e% (., 20115 $( h(/e+"%"+e& &"+!'3 %he 2011 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e, ('& *!#+*$*%e& %he (+3e %"'($!. D"+!'3 %he 2001 Mw 8. Pe+"e(+%h-"(6e, %+e ( %+('e++e& %* %he %+e')h>*+%h*3*'( ('&
e;%e'!*'( Ch*** ("% *'e #e'e(%h %he )*(%, ()%!'3 ( (#(++!e+ %* $e3(%h+"% ! 4A"&!' e% (., 20085. I' %he )(e *%+!33e+e& "e+ (%e ("%!'3, %he e'e * ! *' %he %+!33e+e&("% &ee'& *' %he &e%h * %he $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e 4L! e% (.,2015. Sh(* $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e (+e $*+e )*'&")!/e %*e;%e'!*'( #eh(/!*"+, he+e( &eee+ +"%"+e %+!33e+ ( ("%*+ #()6%h+"% ("%!'3.
2.=L!$!%(%!*' ('& +e$(!'!'3 -"e%!*'
2.=.1C*$e; !'%e+( #e%ee' "e+ ('& *e+ (%e
Th" (+, e h(/e )*'!&e+e& %he +*e (e& # e()h %+")%"+(&*$(!' e(+(%e. I' +e(!%, %he e!$!) +e*'e * %he$e3(%h+"% +e"% +*$ %he )*$e; !'%e+%!'!'3 ('& ee&#()6#e%ee' $(' 3e**3!)( %+")%"+e. F*+ e;($e, +()%"+e *'e)(' &($ (;!( %"+#!&!% @* 4C** ('& Sh+e/e, 1885, (Je)%!'3%he )h(+()%e+!%!) * %he "#&")%!*' )h(''e (% &e%h.F"+%he+$*+e, De(' e% (. 420105 ('& Gee+e' e% (. 4201=5 h*%h(% ( "#&")%!'3 +()%"+e *'e (% %he S"$(%+( %+e')h )("e(*'3>%+!6e /(+!(%!*' !' %he )*$*!%!*' ('& %h!)6'e * %he
"#&")%!*' )h(''e. Thee /(+!(%!*' !' e&!$e'% +*e+%!e $(+e"% !' e3$e'%(%!*' * %he $(+3!' &"e %* &!Je+e')e !' %he+$(%+")%"+e ('& +!)%!*'( )h(+()%e+!%!). L!6e +()%"+e *'e,
72
![Page 54: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 54/228
e($*"'% ('& h*+%>('&>3+(#e' e(%"+e *' %he e(@**+ )(' (*%+*'3 !'@"e')e e&!$e'% @"; !'%* %he "#&")%!*' *'e 4K*,201=5. I' %h! )(e, ")h %**3+(h!) ('*$(!e e'h(')e e+*!*' *%he "e+ (%e 4/*' H"e'e ('& R('e+*, 200= S)h* e% (., 1805.
The+e*+e, "#&")%!*' * e(@**+ %**3+(h $( h(* %he ">
&! !$!% * e!$*3e'e!, +e"%!'3 !' ( $e3(%h+"% %h(% ! $*+e)*'&")!/e %* **'3>&"+(%!*', %"'($!3e'!) e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3.Be e% (., 2015. F!'(, !' !'%e++e%(%!*' * "e+ (%e%+")%"+e, !% ! 3e'e+( ("$e& %h(% *+e(+) $*+h**3!)(e(%"+e, ")h ( e'!'"( (+e &!+e)% +e(%e& %* &eee+%+")%"+e !%h!' %he *+e(+). H*e/e+, *+6e+ h(/e "33e%e&%h(% e'!'"(e'!'"( $( +e"% +*$ &eee+ +*)ee,)("!'3 "!% * %he *+e(+). F*+ e;($e, )*(%( e(%"+e (*'3%he K($)h(%6( $(+3!' $( #e +e(%e& %* +!&3e ('& +()%"+e *'e*' %he *)e('!) (%e 4B`+3$('' e% (., 20075 %he R("6"$(+(e'!'"( !' Ne Ve(('& $( #e )("e& # "'&e+(%e& e&!$e'%4e.3. B(e%% e% (., 20105.I' ( +e/e+( * +*e, %he "#&")%!*' )h(''e $( (Je)% %he!'%e3+!% ('& %+")%"+e * "#&")%e& e($*"'%. C** ('& Sh+e/e415 (+3"e %h(% %he 3e*$e%+ ('& %h!)6'e * %he "#&")%!*')h(''e &e%e+$!'e %he &e%h (% h!)h e($*"'% $( %+"')(%e *+" &e)(!%(%e. A% e+*!/e $(+3!', he+e %he "#&")%!*' )h(''e! %h!' (% h(* &e%h, e(+ %+"')(%!*' *))"+ (3(!'% %he %+*'3"e+ (%e +($e*+6. O' %he *%he+ h('&, (% ())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!',e($*"'% +e$(!' !'%()% %* 3+e(%e+ &e%h, he+e )*'?'!'3+e"+e ! h!3he+, e(&!'3 %* ( %+*'3, h!3h>)*"e& (%e
!'%e+()e. M*+e*/e+, R"J 4185 "33e% %h(% %h!)6 "#&")%!*')h(''e $**%h *"% +*"3h'e (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"%, (*!'3 *+(+3e+ +"%"+e (+e( %* &e/e*. Ge*$e%+!)( )*$e;!%!e *' %he(%e !'%e+()e )(' &($(3e %he #(e * %he "e+ (%e, 3e'e+(%!'3'e%*+6 * ("% (% %he #(e * %he */e+!'3 )+"% %h(% (Je)% %he$e)h('!)( #eh(/!*"+ * %he $e3(%h+"% 4A+$!* ('& Th!ee, 10Me'!)6 e% (., 2005. A e ( e($*"'% "#&")%!*', +"%"+e *'"e+ (%e ("% $( e'h(')e "#&")%!*' e+*!*' %h+*"3h $((%!'3 *' %he *+e(+) 4T"! e% (., 201=5.
The )*$e; ee&#()6 +*)ee #e%ee' e&!$e'%, "#&")%!'3%**3+(h ('& "e+ (%e ("%!'3 &e)+!#e& (#*/e ! e
!"%+(%e& # %he )e'%+( E)"(&*+ "#&")%!*' $(+3!' 4S(3e e% (.,2005 4F!3"+e 2.5. He+e, e($*"'% "#&")%!*' e'h(')e e+*!*' * %he *"%e+ e&3e, h!)h !' %"+', !')+e(e e&!$e'% @"; %* %he%+e')h, e(&!'3 %* (%)h e'e * */e++e"+e& e&!$e'%. Th!(%e+( he%e+*3e'e!% !6e $('!e% !%e ( ( )*$e; )*"!'3&!%+!#"%!*'. Th! h!3h /(+!(#e )*"!'3 (* %he &e/e*$e'%* e((+&>&!!'3 '*+$( ("% !' %he */e+!'3 *+e(+) 4F!3"+e2.5.
7=
![Page 55: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 55/228
Figure 2.4: Schematic view of the main structural features of the central Ecuador
subduction zone showing interplay between fluid-rich sediment lenses, seamounts,
upper plate weakening, and plate coupling. Redrawn after Sage et al. (2006).
2.=.2T!$e>&ee'&e')e * %he e!$!) ))e
A e h(/e h*', %he e!$*3e'!) #eh(/!*"+ * %he $e3(%h+"%&ee'& *' %he )*$e; !'%e+( #e%ee' $(' 3e**3!)(
%+")%"+e. M*+e*/e+, e h(/e ("$e& %he e!$*3e'!) +e*'e* %hee %+")%"+e +e$(!' )*'%('% */e+ %!$e. C*$(+e& !%h %he)h(+()%e+!%!) %!$e)(e * %he e!$!) ))e 4100 * e(+5,!'%e+e!$!) *)6!'3 &!%+!#"%!*' +*/!&e ( %!$e>!$!%e& '(h*% * (%e !'%e+()e )*"!'3. I% ! *%e' ("$e& %h(% %he &e3+ee **)6!'3 ! *'3>!/e& h*e/e+, %"&!e h(/e h*' %h(% *)6!'3 )('+(!& )h('3e !%h %!$e. F*+ e;($e, !'%e+e!$!) %+(!' !' %he'*+%h>e(% Z((' "#&")%!*' *'e +(!& !')+e(e 4A/*"(), 20115 ('& &e)( 4N!h!$"+( e% (., 2005 #e)("e * 'e(+# $*&e+(%e(+3e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e. F"+%he+$*+e, ((e*3e*&e%!)*#e+/(%!*' +*$ %he S"$(%+( "#&")%!*' *'e "33e% %h(%
%+*'3 *)6!'3 #"!& " !%h!' ( $(%%e+ * &e)(&e #e*+e ( (+3e$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e 4Me%'e+ e% (., 20175. Th! %!$e>&ee'&e'% )*"!'3 $( +e"% +*$ %+('!e'% he'*$e'( ")h (* ! ('& e!$!) %+e$*+. <e &* '*% &!)" ")h %+('!e'%+*)ee !' %h! %he!, #"% *%he+ &e%(!e& +e/!e e;!% *' %h!%*!) 4e.3. Be+*( ('& I&e, 2011 S)h(+% ('& R*6*6, 2005.A%h*"3h (%e !'%e+()e )*"!'3 &!%+!#"%!*' (+e +e(%e& %*h!)( +*e+%!e * %he $e3(%h+"% +e3!*', %!$e>&ee'&e')e *%hee +*e+%!e h*"& '*% #e */e+**6e&. The e!$*3e'!))h(+()%e+ * ( 3e**3!)( %+")%"+e &ee'& *' %he $(3'!%"&e *&'($!) he(+ %+e (% %he %!$e ('& e(%!) e'e+3 )(++!e& # %he%! * %he +*(3(%!'3 +"%"+e 4M`e+ ('& L('&3+e#e, 20125.C*'e-"e'%, %he e!$*3e'!) +e*'e * %+")%"+( ('*$(!e
7
![Page 56: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 56/228
'*% *' &ee'& *' %(%!) +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e, #"% (* *' %!$e>&ee'&e'% %*)h(%!) /(+!(%!*' !' +!)%!*' ('& he(+ %+e4&'($!) he%e+*3e'e!%5. Thee ()%*+ &ee'& *' (% )*"!'3('& +"%"+e h!%*+ * ( *+%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e %h! $(e;(!' h *$e %+")%"+e $( e;h!#!% &"( #eh(/!*"+, )h('3!'3
%he!+ e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+ +*$ *'e e!$!) ))e %* ('*%he+4K*&(!+( e% (., 2005.
2.=.=M*/!'3 %*(+& ?'e+ )(e %+")%"+e !' %he "e+(%e
A &e)+!#e& (#*/e, %he+e h(/e #ee' $(' %"&!e *)"!'3 *'%he e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+ * "#&")%e& e($*"'%. <e #e!e/e%h(% ")h (+3e (%%e'%!*' %* e($*"'% h( (+!e' ( ( +e"% * %*$(!' ()%*+. F!+%, #(e& *' *)e(' #(%h$e%+, e($*"'% )e(+e'%e+ "#&")%!*' *'e, (!'3 ( /!%( +*e !' (+3e e(+%h-"(6e+"%"+e. Se)*'&, %he (+3e !e * e($*"'% (* *+ %he!+ e>&e?'e& !&e'%!?)(%!*' !' "#"+()e !$(3e. E;($e * e($*"'%()%!'3 ( (e+!%!e %e'& %* #e h!%*+!) e(+%h-"(6e, ")h ( %he1 N('6(!&* 4K*&(!+( e% (., 20005, %he 1 P*/e+% B(, NeVe(('& 4Be e% (., 2015 ('& 10 N!)*(, C*%( R!)(e(+%h-"(6e. D"e %* %he %!$e he' %hee e(+%h-"(6e *))"++e&,%he h(/e e(6 )*'%+(!'e& ! &!%+!#"%!*' %he+e*+e, !' *"+/!e * %hee e;($e, !% ! '*% e( %* !'*!'% (' (e+!% %* ()*$(+(%!/e $( e($*"'%. H!3he+>+e*"%!*' +"%"+e $*&e(+e +e-"!+e& %* %e% %he e($*"'% (e+!% %he*+. F"+%he+$*+e, *+
+e)e'%, e>+e)*+&e& $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e, %he+e h( #ee' !%%ee/!&e')e %* "*+% %he +ee')e * "#&")%e& %**3+(h!)he%e+*3e'e!% !%h!' h!3h ! +e3!*'. F*+ !'%(')e, !' %he$(;!$"$ ! (+e( * %he 2011 T*h*6", Z((' e(+%h-"(6e, %he+e !!%%e e/!&e')e %* "33e% %h(% %he +ee')e * e($*"'% 4K. <('3('& B!e6, 2015.
The+e (e(+ %* #e ( 3+*!'3 %+e'& %h(% ( %he +e*/!'3 )((#!!%* e!$!) *"+)e !'/e+!*' ('& "#"+()e !$(3!'3 !$+*/e,(%%e'%!*' ! h!%!'3 %*(+& ?'e+>)(e %+")%"+e !' %he */e++!&!'3(%e ('& %he "#&")%!*' )h(''e. H*e/e+, h!% %+!33e+!'3#e%ee' %he (%e !'%e+()e ('& &ee>e(%e& ("% !' %he
"#&")%!'3 (%e h( #ee' &*)"$e'%e& *' e/e+( *))(!*', %he+e! '* e/!&e')e *+ +(!& %+e %+('e+ #e%ee' "e+ (%e ("%('& %he $e3(%h+"%. Th! $( (+!e #e)("e ("%!'3 'e%*+6 !'%he */e++!&!'3 (%e (+e !6e $*+e )*$e; %h(' %h*e !' %he*)e('!) (%e, h!)h h( +e(%!/e "'!*+$ )h(+()%e+!%!) #e%ee'&!Je+e'% "#&")%!*' *'e. The %+")%"+e * %he "e+ (%e !&ee'&e'% *' "'!-"e 3e**3!)( h!%*+!e, * !% ! &!)"% %* ?'&%e$(%!) #eh(/!*"+ * */e++!&!'3 (%e %+")%"+e #e%ee'"#&")%!*' *'e. L**6!'3 (he(&, 3+e(%e+ 3e*h!)( &(%(e% ('&?'e+ +e*"%!*' !$(3e ! he %* +e*/e %he &e%(!e& %+")%"+e *
%he */e++!&!'3 (%e.
77
![Page 57: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 57/228
2.S"$$(+E;%e'!/e *+6 h( #ee' "'&e+%(6e' %* "'&e+%('& %he &!%+!#"%!*'* ! ('& e!$!) +(&!(%!*' &"+!'3 (+3e e(+%h-"(6e. L(+3ee(+%h-"(6e !' %he (% &e)(&e h(/e h!3h!3h%e& %he )*$e;!% *$e3(%h+"% +"%"+e ('& %he!+ /(+!e& +e*'e %* 3e**3!)(%+")%"+e 4T(#e 2.=5. S%"&!e * !'&!/!&"( e(+%h-"(6e h(/e+e/e(e& (+3e %+")%"+e %h(% !'@"e')e e(+%h-"(6e h*e/e+,%he+e ! '* "'!!'3 +e(%!*'h! %h(% 3*/e+' %he $e)h('!)(#eh(/!*"+ * ( "#&")%!*' *'e. F"+%he+$*+e, %he ()6 *())"+(%e e(+%h-"(6e (+($e%e+, )*"!'3 ('& )*e!$!) !&!%+!#"%!*' $( #"+ %he )*++e(%!*' !%h )e+%(!' %+")%"+e.A%h*"3h ( e(%h * e!$!) +e@e)%!*' !$(3e +*/!&e /("(#e!'*+$(%!*' *' *Jh*+e %+")%"+( 3e*$e%+!e, +e*"%!*' * %hee!$*3e'!) (%e !'%e+()e +e$(!' **+, (+%!)"(+ !'&e%e+$!'(%!*' * h!)( (+($e%e+ ")h ( P*!*'9 +(%!*.
L**6!'3 (he(&, %he+e ! ( 'ee& %* e;($!'e $(e+>)(e h!)(+*e+%!e !' $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e *'e, (+%!)"(+ !' %he *Jh*+e(+e(, he+e $*% $*$e'% +ee(e *))"+. F"+%he+$*+e, $e%h*&")h ( *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h "!'3 &e'e *'> ('& *Jh*+e'e%*+6, ( e ( ">(/e*+$ !'/e+!*', *Je+ !$+*/e&!$(3!'3 -"(!%. The+e ! ( 'ee& %* $*'!%*+ %!$e>&ee'&e'%)h('3e !' %he $e3(%h+"% +e3!*' */e+ (' e'%!+e e!$!) ))e.Me)h('!)( $*&e %h(% !$"(%e %he %!$e e/*"%!*' * e!$*3e'!))h(+()%e+ ()+* ( " e!$!) ))e 4D!'%he+ e% (., 201=5 ! +*/e/!%( !' "'&e+%('&!'3 %he 3*/e+'!'3 h!) * $e3(%h+"%+"%"+e. H*e/e+, ")h !$"(%!*' +e-"!+e &e%(!e& $*&e %h(%
)*'%(!' +e(!%!) =>D &!%+!#"%!*' * "#&")%!*' *'e h!)(%+")%"+e %he 'e;% )h(%e+ &e)+!#e *'e $e%h*& * ()h!e/!'3 %h!3*(.
7
![Page 58: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 58/228
T h e o r y / e x a m p l e s
U p p
e r p l a t e f e a t u r e s
P e r u : 2 0 0 1 M
w 8 . 4 P e r u e a r t h q u a k e ( A u d i n e t a l . , 2 0 0 8 )
N . C h i l e : 1 9 9 5 M w 8 . 0 A n t o f a g a s t a e a r t h q u a k e ( S o b i e s i a k e t a l . , 2 0 0 7 ) ;
( f r o m a f t e r s h o c k b - v a l u e )
K i i p e n i n s u l a , N a n k a i ( K o d a i r a e t a l . , 2 0 0 6 ) ; h i g h s h e a r s t r e n g t h
c o n s t r a i n t s ( T a s s a r a , 2 0 1 0 )
A n d e a n
m a r g i n , S . A m e r i c a ( T a s s a r a , 2 0 1 0 )
M e j i l l o n e s p e n i n s u l a , N . C h i l e ( M é t o i s e t a l . , 2 0 1 3 ; V i c t o r e t a l . , 2 0 1 1 )
L o w
e r p l a t e f e a t u r e s S e a m o u n t d e c a p i t a t i o n ( C l o o s , 1 9 9 2 ) ; 1 9 9 4 M 7 . 2 J a v a e a r t h q u a k e
( A b e r c r o m b i e e t a l . , 2
0 0 1 ) ; 1 9 9 0 M w 7 . 0 C o s t a R i c a e a
r t h q u a k e ( H u s e n
e t a l . , 2 0 0 2 ) ; 1 9 4 7 H i k u r a n g i e a r t h q u a k e ( B e l l e t
a l . , 2 0 1 4 )
S u b d u c t e d s e a m o u n t s a r e f r a c t u r e d ( K . W a n g a n d B i l e
k , 2 0 1 1 ) ; 1 9 4 6
N a n k a i d o e a r t h q u a k e ( K o d a i r a e t a l . , 2 0 0
0 )
C o c o s r i d g e : 1 9 8 3 C o s t a R i c a e a r t h q u a k e ( B i l e k e t a l . , 2 0 0 3 ) ; J u a n
F e r n a n d e z r i d g e : C h i l e a n e a r t h q u a k e s ( S p a r k e s e t a l . , 2 0 1 0 ) ; 2 0 1 1 M w
9 . 0 T o h o k u , J a
p a n e a r t h q u a k e ( K . W a n g a n d B i l e k , 2 0 1 4 )
2 0 0 1 M w 8 . 4
P e r u e a r t h q u a k e ( R o b i n s o n e t a l . , 2 0 0 6 )
2 0 0 7 M w 8 . 1 S o l o m o n i s l a n d s e a r t h q u a k e ( F u r l o n g
e t a l . , 2 0 0 9 )
S u b
d u c t i o n c h a n n e l
S e d i m e n t s m o o t h e n s p l a t e i n t e r f a c e c o n t a c t ( R u f f , 1 9 8 9 )
F l u i d s a t u r a t e d s e d i m e n t s i n S u m a t r a s u b d u c t i o n z o n e ( D e a n e t a l . ,
2 0 1 0 ) E c u a
d o r s u b d u c t i o n z o n e ( S a g e e t a l . , 2 0 0 6 )
O t h e r
G l o b a l c o m p i l a t i o n
( L l e n o s a n d M c G u i r e , 2 0 0 7 ; S o n g a n d S i m o n s ,
2 0 0 3 ; W e l l s e t a l . , 2 0 0 3 )
G l o b a l c o m p i l a t i o n
( L l e n o s a n d M c G u i r e , 2 0 0 7 ; S o n g a n d S i m o n s ,
2 0 0 3 ; W e l l s e t a l . , 2 0 0 3 )
T a b l e 2 . 3 : S u m m a r y o f k e y o b s e r v a t i o n s f o r d i f f e r e n t p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s a f f e c t i n g m e g a t h r u s t s
e i s m o g e n e s i s .
S e i s m o g e n i c c h a r a c t e r
H i g h p l a t e i n t e r f a c e c o u p l i n g , s e g m e n t b a r r i e r
H i g h s l i p a s p e r i t y
S t r o n g p l a t e i n t e r f a c e , r u p t u r e b a r r i e r ; i n h i b
i t l a r g e
r u p t u r e s
R u p t u r e n u c l e a t i o n p o i n t f o r l a r g e m e g a t h r u s t r u p t u r e s
L o n g - l i v e d s e
g m e n t b a r r i e r s , w e a k p l a t e i n t e r f a
c e c o u p l i n g
R u p t u r e a s p e r i t y
R u p t u r e b a r r i e r
R u p t u r e / s e g m e n t b a r r i e r
S e g m e n t b a r r i e r
P a r t i a l s e g m e n t b a r r i e r ( r u p t u r e j u m p
)
A l l o w s l a r g e a r e a s t o r u p t u r e a t o n c e
A l l o w s s h a l
l o w r u p t u r e t o t h e t r e n c h P r o m o t e s s t r o n g e r
c o u p l i n g
H i g h s l i p a s p e r i t i e s
B a r r i e r s t o r u p t u r e
T r e n c h - n o r m a l f a u l t s
P l u t o n s / b a t h o l i t h s
C
o a s t a l p e n i n s u l a s
I n d
i v i d u a l s e a m o u n t s
O c e a n i c r i d g e s
F r a c t u r e z o n e s
T h i c k s e d i m e n t s
T h i n s e d i m e n t s
G r a
v i t y a n o m a l y l o w s
G r a
v i t y a n o m a l y h i g h s
7
![Page 59: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 59/228
Ch(%e+ =SEISMIC IMAGING OF SUBDUCTION VONE S TRUCTURE USING LOCAL EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY
A &e$*'%+(%e& !' %he +e/!*" )h(%e+, %he ()-"!!%!*' * &e%(!e&%+")%"+( $*&e (*'3 "#&")%!*' (%e #*"'&(+!e ! /!%( ! e(+e %* "'&e+%('& %he h!)( ()%*+ %h(% 3*/e+' (+3e e(+%h-"(6e+"%"+e. I' %h! )h(%e+, e &e)+!#e e!$!) %+(/e %!$e !'/e+!*'%* )()"(%e %h+ee>&!$e'!*'( %+")%"+( $*&e * %he E(+%h9!'%e+!*+, 6'*' ( seis#ic to#ography . P(!/e %*$*3+(h!)!$(3!'3 ! "e& %* e;*+e *$e * %he +ee(+)h -"e%!*' !%h!'Ke A!$ 1, ( *e& !' Ch(%e+ O'e %he !'/e%!3(%!*' * %hee-"e%!*' *+$ ( !3'!?)('% (+% * %h! %he! 4Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('&F!/e5. He+e, e +*/!&e &e%(! *' %he $e%h*& * e!$!)%*$*3+(h, !')"&!'3 "'&($e'%( %he*+, %!)( *+6@*, ('&
(% (!)(%!*' !' %he "#&")%!*' *'e e'/!+*'$e'%.
=.1F"'&($e'%( * e!$!) %*$*3+(hSe!$!) %*$*3+(h ! &e?'e& # Vh(* 420175 ( W( e!$**3!)($e%h*& %* &e%e+$!'e =>D !$(3e * %he E(+%h9 !'%e+!*+ #)*$#!'!'3 !'*+$(%!*' +*$ ( (+3e '"$#e+ * )+!)+*!'3 e!$!)(/e %+!33e+e& # e(+%h-"(6e *+ (+%!?)!( e!$!) *"+)e9. The$e%h*& ( !*'ee+e& # %he e(+ %"&!e * A6! ('& Lee 415,A6! e% (. 415, ('& D!e*'6! 415 !% +!')!e ! !$!(+ %*%h(% * $e&!)( )*$"%e+!e& %*$*3+(h 4CT5 )('. I' ( CT )(',%he *)(%!*' * *"+)e ('& +e)e!/e+ ! )*'%+*e& !' (!/ee!$!) (!)(%!*', +e)e!/e+ (+e ?;e& (% %he "+()e ('&e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e (+e "'e/e' &!%+!#"%e&. F"+%he+$*+e, e!$!)+( (%h (+e &ee'&e'% *' /e*)!% %+")%"+e, +e"%!'3 !' ( '*'>!'e(+ +*#e$. The *)(%!*', 3e*$e%+ ('& e!$!) +*e+%!e *he%e+*3e'e*" %+")%"+e (+e !'e++e& # )()"(%!'3 +( (%h3e*$e%+!e ('& e!$!) %+(/e %!$e "!'3 *+(+& $*&e!'3 ('&$(%+!; !'/e+!*'.Se!$!) %*$*3+(h ! ( e>e%(#!he& 3e*h!)( %** %h(% h(#ee' "e& !' $(' %"&!e */e+ %he (% =0 e(+ *+ ( %e *e!$!) (/e 4#*& (/e ('& "+()e (/e5 !% )(' #e )(++!e& *"%
*/e+ ( )(e e'3%h 4*)(, +e3!*'( ('& 3*#( %*$*3+(h5.Se!$!) %*$*3+(h !'/e+% *+ &!Je+e'% e!$!) (/e (+($e%e+,
78
![Page 60: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 60/228
")h ( /e*)!%, (%%e'"(%!*', ('& ('!*%+*, ( * h!)h )(' #e!'%e++e%e& ( h!)( "#"+()e +*e+%!e. Th! %he! *)"e*' %he $e%h*& * e(+%h-"(6e #*& (/e (% ( *)( %* +e3!*'()(e !' *+&e+ %* +*#e e!$!) /e*)!%!e, )*$$*' )(e& localearth4ua+e to#ography 4he+e(%e+, LET5. The ('&$(+6 *+6 * A6!
('& Lee 415 )(' #e )+e&!%e& !%h ( "+3e * LET %"&!e !' $('()%!/e %e)%*'!) e%%!'3. S!')e %he', %he+e h(/e #ee' '"$e+*"&e/e*$e'% !' =>D +( %+()!'3 ('& !%e+(%!/e '*'>!'e(+ !'/e+!*'.D"e %* &e'e +( )*/e+(3e, LET *Je+ h!3h>+e*"%!*' !$(3!'3 *e!$!)( ()%!/e "#&")%!*' *'e.
Th! +*e)% *)"e *' e!$!) /e*)!% LET "!'3 P> ('& S>(/e(++!/( %!$e, h!)h (+e !' h!3h (#"'&(')e ('& )(' #e $e("+e&())"+(%e. A)-"!+!'3 6'*e&3e *' %he =>D &!%+!#"%!*' * P> ('& S>(/e /e*)!%!e 4v p ('& v s, +ee)%!/e5 (* !'%e++e%(%!*' *"#"+()e %+")%"+e ( !%h**3!)(, $!'e+(*3!)( ('& @"!&+*e+%!e. K'*e&3e 3(!'e& *' e%+**3!)( )h(+()%e+!%!) )('%he' #e "e& %* !'e+ ()%*+ %h(% 3*/e+' )e+%(!' %e)%*'!) +*)ee,")h ( (+3e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e. I' (&&!%!*' %* &e%e+$!'!'3h!)( +*e+%!e, ())"+(%e e!$!) /e*)!%!e (+e /!%( *+*#%(!'!'3 +e!(#e e(+%h-"(6e *)(%!*' ('& *"+)e $e)h('!$.I' %h! )h(%e+, e &e)+!#e ('& e;(!' %he !'he+e'% &!(&/('%(3e* LET %h(% (+!e +*$ !% &ee'&e')e *' ())"+(%e %(+%!'3 $*&e('& e(+%h-"(6e *)(%!*'. <e %he' &!)" %+(%e3!e )*$$*'"e& !' 1>D ('& =>D /e*)!% !'/e+!*'. F!'(, e *"%!'e(!)(%!*' * LET !' e/e+( "#&")%!*' *'e, ( e ( *$e *%he +e"%!'3 ?'&!'3 ('& !$!%(%!*'. Th! )h(%e+ ! '*% !'%e'&e&
%* #e ( )*$e%e +e/!e * ( (e)% * e!$!) %*$*3+(h. F*+ (" &!)"!*' *' %he "#e)%, %he +e(&e+ ! +ee++e& %* %he *+6 *R(!'*' e% (. 420105 ('& Vh(* 420175, ( e ( %he $*+e LET>*)"e& (e+ * E#e+h(+%>Ph!! 41=5 ('& Th"+#e+ 41=5.
=.2Se!$!) +( %+()!'3 The *+(+& +*#e$ !' e!$!) %*$*3+(h !'/*/e =>D +(%+()!'3. M*% +( %+()!'3 $e%h*& (+e #(e& *' %he h!3h +e-"e')(+*;!$(%!*' !' 3e*$e%+!) *%!), ('& )(' #e )(!?e& ( e!%he+ray shooting *+ ray bending 4R(!'*' e% (., 20105. I' +(h**%!'3, S'e9 ( ! */e& (% e()h &!)*'%!'"!%, #"% %h!
(+*()h )(' #e h!3h '*'>!'e(+ !')e %he !'!%!( *"+)e %+(e)%*+! "'6'*'. M*% )*$$*', !%e+(%!/e )he$e (+e "e& !' h!)h%he !'!%!( *"+)e %+(e)%*+ ! e+%"+#e& "'%! %he +e-"!+e& e'& *!'%! h!%, ( ?+% !$e$e'%e& # Z"!(' ('& G"##!' 415. A'(%e+'(%!/e +*"%!'e ! %* !%e+(%!/e (&"% %he +( 3e*$e%+ (*'3 (%*>*!'% (%h "'%! !% (%!?e Fe+$(%9 +!')!e 4!.e. %he +( (%h* e(% %+(/e %!$e5 !%h!' ( e)!?e& e++*+ $(+3!'. M(' e(+ +(#e'&!'3 (3*+!%h$ */e %he +( e-"(%!*' &!+e)% 4e.3. Pe+e+( e%(., 1805, ( )*$"%(%!*'( e;e'!/e +*)e.A' (&/(')e$e'% * +( #e'&!'3 ! pseudo:bending, h!)h (/*!&
&!+e)% *"%!*' * %he +( e-"(%!*', +e&")!'3 )*$"%(%!*'( %!$e. I'e"&*>#e'&!'3, %he +( e-"(%!*' ! +!%%e' (:
7
![Page 61: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 61/228
−∂2
r
d s❑ =
∇V − d
ds .
d r
ds
V
( 3.1 )
4Ce+/e' e% (., 15, he+e r ! %he *!%!*' /e)%*+ (*'3 %he +(,s ! +( e'3%h, ('& V ! e!$!) /e*)!%. Th! e-"(%!*' %(%e %h(%%he +(>'*+$( )*$*'e'% * %he /e*)!% 3+(&!e'% ! ('%!(+(e %*%he )"+/(%"+e * %he +( (%h. Pe"&*>#e'&!'3 !')*+*+(%e ( %h+ee>*!'% e+%"+#(%!*' )he$e, #(e& *' ( T(*+ e;('!*', !' h!)h%he +( (%h ! !%e+(%!/e )()"(%e& "'%! !% %+(/e %!$e )*'/e+3e!%h!' ( e)!?e& !$!%. Th! (3*+!%h$ ( &e/e*e& !' ( C(+%e!(')**+&!'(%e %e$, $(6!'3 !% $*+e (!)(#e %* LET. I' %h! %he!,e "e %he %*>%(3e U$ ('& Th"+#e+ 4185 e"&*>#e'&!'3(3*+!%h$ %* )()"(%e =>D /e*)!% $*&e. I' %h! $e%h*&,(+*;!$(%e +( %+()!'3 4Th"+#e+, 18=5 ! !'!%!( "e&, he+e#
%+(/e %!$e (+e )*$"%e& (*'3 *"+)e>+e)e!/e+ (+). The', %he &!* %he ('e )*'%(!'!'3 %he (+) ! /(+!e& !' %he (+e( * !'%e+e%. Thee(+!e% (++!/!'3 +( (%h ! %he' e+%"+#e& "!'3 e"&*>#e'&!'3,h!)h %e$(%!)( h!% *!'% (*'3 %he +( (%h %* $!'!$!e%he %+(/e %!$e (*'3 e()h e3$e'%. The (&/('%(3e * %h!(+*()h ! %h(% !% )(' ())*"'% *+ /(+!(#e %(%!*' ee/(%!*',!$*+%('% !' +e3!*' * )*'!&e+(#e %**3+(h!) +e!e 4G. L!' e% (.,2015, ")h ( ( "#&")%!*' *'e.
=.=The )*"e& h*)e'%+e>/e*)!% +*#e$ The (#*"%e (++!/( %!$e * ( e!$!) #*& (/e, t
ij ! 3!/e' #:
t ij=τ i+T ij ( 3.2 )
he+e τ i ! %he e(+%h-"(6e *+!3!' %!$e, ('& T ij ! %he %+(/e%!$e * %he (/e +*$ (' e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e %* ( +e)e!/e+. U!'3 +(%he*+, %he %+(/e %!$e ! 3!/e' # ( (%h !'%e3+( %h+*"3h ( e!$!)/e*)!% $*&e 4Th"+#e+, 125:
T ij= ∫source
receiver
uds ( 3.3 )
he+e u ! %he *'e ?e& ('& ds ! %he (%h ee$e'% 4Th"+#e+,18=5. Thee e-"(%!*' h* %h(% %+(/e %!$e ! ( "')%!*' *%(%!*' *)(%!*', *"+)e *+!3!' ('& *'e ?e&. Re)e!/e+ *)(%!*'('& *#e+/e& %+(/e %!$e (+e 6'*' *"+)e *+!3!' 4%!$e ('&h*)e'%+( )**+&!'(%e5 ('& *'e ?e& (+e "'&e%e+$!'e&.G!/e' ( e% * *#e+/e& %+(/e %!$e, t ij
obs , ('& ("$!'3 (' !'!%!(e%!$(%!*' * %he h*)e'%+( *)(%!*' ('& *'e ?e&, +e&!)%e&%+(/e %!$e )(' #e )()"(%e& "!'3 E-'. =.2 ('& =.=.
0
![Page 62: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 62/228
The $!?% #e%ee' *#e+/e& ('& +e&!)%e& %+(/e %!$e, r ij !3!/e' #:
r ij=t ijobs−t ij
cal ( 3.4 )
U!'3 ( T(*+ e+!e e;('!*', %+(/e %!$e +e!&"( )(' #ee;+ee& ( ( !'e(+ (+*;!$(%!*' #e%ee' h*)e'%+e ('&/e*)!% (+($e%e+ 4Th"+#e+, 125:
rij=∑k =1
3 ∂ T ij
∂ xk
∆ xk +∆ τ i+ ∫source
receiver
δuds ( 3.5 )
he+e∂T ij
∂ xk
! %he h*)e'%+e (+%!( &e+!/(%!/e, ('& +e+ee'%
%he h*)e'%+e *)(%!*'. I e (+($e%e+!e /e*)!% %+")%"+e !'%*& (+($e%e+ * #n, %he' E-'. =.7 )(' #e +e+!%%e' (:
rij=∑k =1
3 ∂ T ij
∂ xk
∆ xk +∆ τ i+∑n=1
N ∂ T ij
∂mn
∆ mn( 3.6 )
he+e %he h*)e'%+e &e+!/(%!/e ! +e(%e& %* +( /e)%*+)*$*'e'% $"%!!e& # *'e 4Th"+#e+, 185:
∂T ij
∂ xk
=−1
v (d xk
ds )source
( 3.7 )
('& he+e∂ T ij
∂mn
! ( (+%!( &e+!/(%!/e * %he /e*)!% $*&e
(+($e%e+. Thee (+%!( &e+!/(%!/e (+e !'e !'%e3+(+e+ee'%!'3 %he +e(%!/e e!3h%!'3 * e()h $*&e (+($e%e+ *' (3!/e' (++!/( %!$e. The *#e)%!/e * LET ! %* e+%"+# ('& !$+*/e%he $*&e 4e!$!) /e*)!%!e ('& h*)e'%+e5 %* $!'!$!e r ij .E-'. =.7 h* %h(% %+(/e %!$e +e!&"( (+e +e(%e& %* #*%hh*)e'%+( *)(%!*' ('& %he /e*)!% %+")%"+e h*e/e+, %he '*'>!'e(+ +e(%!*'h! #e%ee' %hee %* /(+!(#e ! (' !'he+e'% !"e!' e!$!) %+(/e %!$e !'/e+!*'. T* &e$*'%+(%e %h! )*"!'3,
Th"+#e+ 4125 h*e& %h(% 6ee!'3 h*)e'%+( (+($e%e+)*'%('% %h+*"3h*"% (' !'/e+!*' *+ e!$!) /e*)!% )(' +*&")e!3'!?)('% (+%e()% !' %he ?'( $*&e.
1
![Page 63: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 63/228
A ( +e"% * %h! )*"e& h*)e'%+e>/e*)!% +*#e$, (' !%e+(%!/e!'/e+!*' )he$e ! +e-"!+e& %h(% !$"%('e*" */e *+ #*%h(+($e%e+:
r= H ∆ h+ M ∆ m ( 3.8 )
!' h!)h r ! ( /e)%*+ * %+(/e %!$e +e!&"(. H ('& ∆ h (+e %he$(%+!; ('& /e)%*+ * h*)e'%+e (+%!( &e+!/(%!/e ('&e+%"+#(%!*', +ee)%!/e. S!$!(+, M ('& ∆ m )*++e*'& %*(+%!( &e+!/(%!/e ('& e+%"+#(%!*' * /e*)!%, +ee)%!/e. S")h(' e-"(%!*' )('$"% #e */e& "!'3 $(%+!; !'/e+!*'.
The e-"(%!*' +e+ee'%!'3 %he (#*/e )*"e& h*)e'%+e>/e*)!%+*#e$ 4E-'. =.85 )(' #e */e& "!'3 ( e(% -"(+e (+*()h. I'+e(!%, LET ! ( $!;e&>&e%e+$!'e& +*#e$ &"e %* %he !++e3"(+&!%+!#"%!*' * +( (%h !' %he E(+%h9 "#"+()e, $e('!'3 %h(%*$e /e*)!% (+($e%e+ (+e */e+>&e%e+$!'e&, he+e( *%he+ (+e
"'&e+>&e%e+$!'e&. The+e*+e, da#ped e(% -"(+e !'/e+!*' !+e-"!+e&:
G
(¿¿T G+∈2 I )
−1G
T d
m=¿
( 3.9 )
he+e m ! ( /e)%*+ )*'%(!'!'3 $*&e 4h*)e'%+e ('& /e*)!%5e+%"+#(%!*', G ! ( $(%+!; * (+%!( %+(/e %!$e (+%!( &e+!/(%!/e!%h +ee)% %* $*&e (+($e%e+ 4Z()*#! $(%+!;5, ∈ ! %he&($!'3 (+($e%e+, I ! %he !&e'%!% $(%+!;, ('& d ! %he /e)%*+
)*'%(!'!'3 %+(/e %!$e +e!&"(. I' *'e %+(%e3, E#e+h(+%>Ph!!4185 "33e% %he "e * %+(&e>*J )"+/e %h(% h* &(%( /(+!(')e4( $e("+e * */e+( %+(/e %!$e +e!&"(5 /e+" $*&e /(+!(')e 4($e("+e * $*&e e+%"+#(%!*'5 %* ee)% %he &($!'3 (+($e%e+h!)h $!'!$!e #*%h. T* 3e'e+(%e %+(&e>*J )"+/e, e/e+( *'e>%e !'/e+!*' (+e e+*+$e&, e()h !%h ( /(+!'3 &($!'3(+($e%e+.I' %he )*"e& h*)e'%+e>/e*)!% +*#e$, $*&e e+%"+#(%!*'$"% #e )()"(%e& !%e+(%!/e %* e'"+e !'e(+!(%!*'. A%e+ e()h!'/e+!*' %e, d ('& G (+e +e)()"(%e& ('& E-'. =. ! +e>*/e&.I' %h! %he!, 1>D ('& =>D /e*)!% $*&e (+e )()"(%e& "!'3!%e+(%!/e &($e& e(% -"(+e !'/e+!*'. T* */e+)*$e %he '*'>!'e(+!% * %he +*#e$, K!!'3 41885 +**e ( %(33e+e&!'/e+!*', he+e# ( $!'!$"$ 1>D $*&e ! )+e(%e&, h!)h ! %he'"e& ( ( %(+%!'3 *!'% *+ ( "#e-"e'% 2>D ('& =>D %*$*3+(h!)!'/e+!*'. S*"+)e>+e)e!/e+ )*'?3"+(%!*' (+e 6e% +e(%!/e)*'!%e'% (% e()h %e 4K!!'3 e% (., 15. Th! %(33e+e&(+*()h ! '* "e& !' $(' LET %"&!e 4e.3. C*!'3 e% (.,2012 H(#e+('& e% (., 200 K!!'3 e% (., 15 %he )he$e"e& !' %h! %he! ! !"%+(%e& !' F!3"+e =.1.
=.I'/e+!*' *+ 1>D /e*)!% %+")%"+eA &e)+!#e& !' %he +e/!*" e)%!*', LET ! h!3h '*'>!'e(+, * (
2
![Page 64: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 64/228
%(33e+e& (+*()h ! +e-"!+e& %* !$+*/e %he +e!(#!!% * %he ?'(/e*)!% %+")%"+e ('& h*)e'%+e. The ?+% %e ! %he 3e'e+(%!*'* $!'!$"$ 1>D /e*)!% $*&e 4F!3"+e =.15. The (+($e%e+ (% %h!%(3e (+e h*)e'%+( *)(%!*', (e+ /e*)!%!e ('& %(%!*')*++e)%!*' 4K!!'3 e% (., 15. A%h*"3h 1>D /e*)!% $*&e
+*/!&e $!'!$( !'*+$(%!*' *' )+"%( %+")%"+e, (+%!)"(+ !' ("#&")%!*' *'e, he+e &!!'3 %+")%"+e (+e !6e +ee'%4E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 1=5, %he (+e ( )+")!( %(3e #e*+e *#%(!'!'3 (=>D %*$*3+(h!) $*&e 4E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 105. E++*+ !' %he 1>D+ee+e')e $*&e )(' +e"% !' !3'!?)('% (+%e()% !' %he ?'( =>D%*$*3+(h!) $*&e, &"e %* %he %e'&e') * %he !'/e+!*' %*)*'/e+3e (% *)( $!?% $!'!$( 4K!!'3 e% (., 15.S%(%!*' )*++e)%!*' (+e ( /!%( (+% * %he $!'!$"$ 1>D /e*)!%$*&e. F*+ %(%!*' !' %he $!&&e * %he 'e%*+6, h!)h h(/e ('e/e' (!$"%h( +( &!%+!#"%!*', S%(%!*' &e( +e+ee'% (%e+(/(+!(%!*' !' %he h(* "#"+()e. 4*+ *)(%!*' !' %he $!&&e *%he 'e%*+65 I' )*'%+(%, ('& +e3!*'(, &eee+ he%e+*3e'e!% %h(%)(''*% #e e;(!'e& # ( !'3e (e+e& /e*)!% $*&e. F*+!'%(')e, %(%!*' )*++e)%!*'%(%!*' (+e (% %he e+!he+ * !&e>(e+%"+e e!$!)(+3e 'e%*+6 (+e !$!%e& %* *'3 +( (%h !%h!$!%e& (!$"%h( )*/e+(3e %he+e*+e, %(%!*' )*++e)%!*' (+e ("')%!*' * /e*)!% %+")%"+e !' #*%h %he h(* ('& &ee"#"+()e 4H"e' e% (., 15. S%(%!*' %e+$ (+e (* !$*+%('%*+ "#&")%!*' *'e %"&!e, he+e %+*'3 (%e+( /(+!(%!*' !'"#"+()e %+")%"+e (+e e;e)%e&. The )*$#!'(%!*' * ( 1>D/e*)!% $*&e !%h %(%!*' )*++e)%!*' h( #ee' h*' %* +*&")e
())"+(%e h*)e'%+( *)(%!*' e/e' he+e %he "#"+()e ! h!3hhe%e+*3e'e*", ")h ( &!!'3 %+")%"+e 4K!!'3, 1885.
=
![Page 65: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 65/228
Figure 3.1: Staggered inversion workflow used in this thesis to calculate 3-D v p
and v p / vs models using local earthquake tomography.
![Page 66: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 66/228
K!!'3 e% (. 415 &e)+!#e *'e %+(%e3 %* *#%(!' ())"+(%e 1>D/e*)!% $*&e. De%e+$!'!'3 %he +e!$!'(+ $*&e +*$ a priori !'*+$(%!*' ! ( %+!( ('& e++*+ +*)e. A +ee+e')e %(%!*' h*"&#e ee)%e& %h(% h( %he $*% *'e% %!$e *#e+/(%!*' ('& !*)(%e& )*e %* %he )e'%+e * %he 'e%*+6. A' (+*+!(%e '"$#e+
* &!)+e%e (e+ h*"& #e )h*e', ")h %h(% %+*'3 /e*)!%3+(&!e'% )(' #e +e+ee'%e&. I' 1>D /e*)!% $*&e, (e+/e*)!%!e e-"( %he (/e+(3e (%e+( /e*)!%, e!3h%e& # %he %*%(+( e'3%h !' e()h ee$e'%. L* /e*)!% (e+ h*"& #e (/*!&e&,!')e %hee )(' &!%*+% +( (%h, h!)h !')+e(e %he '*'>!'e(+!%* %he +*#e$ ('& !'%+*&")e h*)e'%+( !'%(#!!%!e 4K!!'3 e%(., 175.I' Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e * %h! %he!, e 3e'e+(%e $!'!$"$ 1>D/e*)!% $*&e ('& e+*+$ 1>D e(+%h-"(6e +e*)(%!*' "!'3 %heELEST *%(+e 4K!!'3 e% (., 175. ELEST ( ?+% &e/e*e&# E*+%h 415 ('& R*e)6e+ 41815. S!')e %he', %he (3*+!%h$h( #ee' !$+*/e& ('& (&(%e& **!'3 %he +!')!e * $!'!$"$1>D $*&e, ( &e)+!#e& # K!!'3 e% (. 415.
=.7=>D %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*'I' 3e'e+(, e!$!) /e*)!% %*$*3+(h !'/*/e %h+ee $(!' %e:415 $*&e (+($e%e+!(%!*' 425 */!'3 %he *+(+& +*#e$ #)()"(%!'3 +( (%h * e!$!) (/e 4=5 !'/e+!*' 4!.e. */!'3%he %e$ * e-"(%!*' 3!/e' !' E-'. =.8 ('& =.5 ('& 45(e!'3 %he +e*"%!*' ('& e++*+ (*)!(%e& !%h %he ?'(%*$*3+(h!) !$(3e 4F!3"+e =.15. <e &!)" e()h * %hee *"+
%(3e, !%h (+%!)"(+ *)" *' %he !'/e+!*' (3*+!%h$ "e& !' %h!%he!, S-M?0111 4Th"+#e+ ('& E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 15. The SIMULe% * %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' )*&e, *+!3!'( &e/e*e& # Th"+#e+418=5, ! ( e>e%(#!he& LET (3*+!%h$. The !'/e+!*' (3*+!%h$** %h(% * A6! ('& Lee 415, #"% !')"&e &e/e*$e'% !'$*&e (+($e%e+!(%!*' ('& +( %+()!'3.
=.7.1M*&e (+($e%e+!(%!*'
<!%h!' %he E(+%h9 !'%e+!*+, %+")%"+( ('& )*$*!%!*'(he%e+*3e'e!% e;!% (% ( e'3%h )(e. F"+%he+$*+e, %he
"#"+()e !6e )*'%(!' h(+ /e*)!% &!)*'%!'"!%!e %h(% ! #e!'he+e'% $**%he& *"% # %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*'. The+e*+e, %he)h*!)e * $*&e (+($e%e+!(%!*' &ee'& *' %he )h(+()%e+!%!)e'3%h )(e * he%e+*3e'e!% %h(% e !h %* +e*/e ('& %he!$(3!'3 )((#!!% * %he !'/e+!*'. The )h*!)e * (+($e%e+!(%!*'(* (Je)% %he (3*+!%h$ %h(% (+e (/(!(#e *+ *+(+& ('&!'/e+e )()"(%!*' 4R(!'*' e% (., 20105. S!')e %he (&/e'% * e!$!) %*$*3+(h, &!Je+e'% $e%h*& h(/e#ee' +**e& *+ e;+e!'3 "#"+()e %+")%"+e !' ( =>D $*&e.Re3"(+ (+($e%e+!(%!*' )he$e, h!)h (!3' )*'%('%
/e*)!%!e %* e()h '*&e, (+e +e-"e'% "e& ( %he (+e e( %**+$"(%e. U'!*+$ 3+!& $(6e !'!%!( +( %+()!'3 )*$"%(%!*'(!'e;e'!/e, !')e (%h e3$e'% !' e()h #*)6 (+e %+(!3h% !'e
7
![Page 67: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 67/228
4R(!'*' e% (., 20105. C*'/e+e, 3+!&&!'3 )(' )+e(%e (+%!?)!(/e*)!% &!)*'%!'"!%!e, +e-"!+!'3 %he "e * $**%h!'3 )*'%+(!'%.O%he+ $*+e *h!%!)(%e& )he$e, ")h ( %+!('3"(+ ('&%e%+(he&+( )e, h(/e (* #ee' &e/e*e& 4<h!%e, 185. A'(%e+'(%!/e (+($e%e+!(%!*' ! %* &e?'e e!$!) /e*)!%!e (% %he
/e+%!)e *' ( +e3"(+ 3+!& * '*&e 4Th"+#e+, 18=5. Th! 3+!&)he$e ! !$e$e'%e& !' SIMUL2000. L!'e(+ B>!'e !'%e+*(%!*'e'"+e ( $**%h ('& )*'%!'"*" /(+!'3 /e*)!% ?e&. The (%e%&e/e*$e'% * SIMUL2000 4Th"+#e+ ('& E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 15 (* !')*+*+(%e ( @e;!#e 3+!&&!'3 )he$e, !' h!)h #*)6 * 3+!&'*&e )(' #e (!3'e& ( !'3e /e*)!% (+($e%e+. Th! @e;!#!!%he %* +e/e'% /e*)!% (+%e()% +*$ (e(+!'3 !' (+e( * **++( )*/e+(3e.S*$e%!$e, %+")%"+( !'%e+()e )(' #e e;!)!% (+($e%e+!e& %*e'"+e %h(% +( (%h (+e ())"+(%e $*&ee& (% %+*'3 /e*)!%&!)*'%!'"!%!e. Th! (+*()h ! (++('%e& ! ")!e'% a priori !'*+$(%!*' ! (/(!(#e. F*+ e;($e, Vh(* e% (. 4125 (&/(')e&%he Th"+#e+ 418=5 3+!&&!'3 $e%h*& # !')*+*+(%!'3 #*"'&(+>3+!& %h(% ())"+(%e e;+e /e*)!% %+")%"+e (*'3 h(+&!)*'%!'"!%!e. Th! %"& *"'& %h(% (+($e%e+!!'3 %hee&!)*'%!'"!%!e )(' !$+*/e %he ())"+() * %+(/e %!$e )()"(%!*'# +*/!&!'3 ( #e%%e+ %(+%!'3 $*&e, "+%he+ !'e(+!!'3 %he%*$*3+(h!) +*#e$ 4Vh(*, 20175. I' %he #*"'&(+>3+!& $e%h*&,Vh(* e% (. 4125 e% 3+!&>'*&e $ehe *+ e()h &!%!')% (e+,!'&ee'&e'% %he 3e*$e%+!e * %he &!)*'%!'"!%!e +e$(!' ?;e&%h+*"3h*"% %he e'%!+e !'/e+!*'. I' %h! %he!, h*e/e+, e &* '*%
(+($e%e+!e %+")%"+( !'%e+()e &"e %* %he ()6 * ())"+(%e a priori !'*+$(%!*' *' (%e !'%e+()e 3e*$e%+ ('& *%he+&!)*'%!'"!%!e !' %he %"& (+e( * )e'%+( Ch!e.
=.7.2e*)!% !'/e+!*'
D($e& e(% -"(+e !'/e+!*' 4E-'. =.5 )*$#!'e& !%h(+($e%e+ e%!$(%!*' 4G. L. P(/! ('& B**6e+, 180 Se')e+ ('&G"##!', 1805 ! "e& # SIMUL2000. The &($!'3 (+($e%e+ !ee)%e& +*$ ( %+(&e>*J )"+/e * &(%( /e+" $*&e /(+!(')e. A' @ %e% )+!%e+!*' ! "e& %* %* !%e+(%!'3 he' %(%!%!)( !3'!?)('%
)*'/e+3e')e ! +e()he&. I% ! !$*+%('% %* #e (#e %* */e *+ v pv s #e)("e * !% &!+e)% +e(%!*'h! !%h P*!*'9 +(%!*, , :
=1
2
(v !
vs
)2
−2
(v !
vs
)2
−1
( 3.10 )
('& !% ! %he+e*+e (' !$*+%('% !'&!)(%*+ * !%h**3 ('& @"!&)*'%e'%. S>(/e *'e% ('& ( v s $*&e )(' (* +*/!&e $*+e
())"+(%e h*)e'%+( &e%h 4Th"+#e+, 1=5, "+%he+ !'e(+!!'3 %he%*$*3+(h!) +*#e$. O'e !$e ( * )()"(%!'3 v pv s ! %*
![Page 68: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 68/228
!$ %(6e %he +(%!* (%e+ !'/e+%!'3 v p ('& v s !'&!/!&"(. H*e/e+,!3'!?)('% (+%e()% $( *))"+ he+e v p ! e +e*/e& ('& v s !e>e !$(3e& 4Vh('3 e% (., 2005. T* (/*!& %h! +*#e$,SIMUL2000 "e S $!'" P %!$e %* !'/e+% *+ v pv s 4E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 10 185. Th! (+*()h (* *+ %he +e&")e& '"$#e+
* S>(/e *'e% %!$e, ( e ( %he!+ 3+e(%e+ *'e% %!$e"')e+%(!'%, &"e %* P>(/e )*&( ('& *!#e S>(/e ('!*%+*. S>P %!$e (+e +e(%e& %* e+%"+#(%!*' !' v pv s (*'3 %he S>(/e +((%h # %he **!'3 +e(%!*'h! 4Th"+#e+, 1=5:
T s−T !=∫ !ath
❑
( v !
vs
−1)ds
v !
( 3.11 )
T*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' $"% '*% #e +e3(+&e& ( ( !$e #()6 #*;%e)h'!-"e 4E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 1=5. A !%h $(' %*$*3+(h!)!'/e+!*' )*&e, SIMUL2000 !')"&e $(' W!%)he9 %h(% $((Je)% %he ?'( +e"%, * +e-"!+e )(+e" )*'!&e+(%!*'. T* +e$*/e(' *%e'%!( (+%e()% )("e& # %he 3+!& ()!'3 "e&, $"%!e!'/e+!*' !%h h*+!*'%( h!%e& 3+!& (+e )(++!e& *"%, h!)h (+e%he' (/e+(3e& 4F!3"+e =.15. Th! (/e+(3!'3 (* +e"% !' !$+*/e&!$(3!'3 * &!!'3 %+")%"+e, ")h ( "#&")%!'3 (# 4C*!'3 e%(., 2012 H(#e+('& e% (., 2005. M*+e*/e+, (% e()h !'/e+!*'%(3e, e &* '*% !'/e+% *+ %(%!*' )*++e)%!*' ('& 6eeh*)e'%+e ?;e& *+ %he ?+% %h+ee !%e+(%!*' &"e %* %he("$%!*' * +e!(#e 1>D *)(%!*'. I'!%!( ?;!'3 h*)e'%+e (*e'"+e %h(% +e"%!'3 %+(/e %!$e +e!&"( 3e'e+(%e %he */e+( 2>D
"#"+()e %+")%"+e !'!&e %he $*&e.=.7.=Ae$e'% * $*&e +e*"%!*' ('& e++*+
The +*)e * e%%!'3>" (' !'/e+!*' *+6@* ('& !'%e++e%!'3 (%*$*3+(h!) $*&e +e-"!+e )(+e" e/("(%!*' * *+$( +e*"%!*'('& )*/(+!(')e $(%+!)e, ( e ( "'&e+%('&!'3 %he *"+)e **%e'%!( (+%e()%. I' e(+ *+6, B()6" ('& G!#e+% 4185 +e)*3'!e& %h(% *"%!*' * 3e*h!)( !'/e+!*' +*#e$ $"%#e %+e(%e& )(+e" ('& %+!'3e'% e;($!'e& "!'3 +e*"%!*'%e%. The '*'>"'!*+$ &!%+!#"%!*' * *"+)e ('& +e)e!/e+ !' LET
+e"% )("e '*'>"'!-"e'e !' %he !'%e++e%(%!*' * %*$*3+(h!)!$(3e. The+e*+e, !% ! !$*+%('% %* ('(e %he +e*/!'3)((#!!% * %he %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' %* e/("(%e he%he+ (e(%"+e !' %he /e*)!% $*&e )(' #e %+"%e& 4F!3"+e =.15. The+e (+e%h+ee $(!' $e%h*& "e& %* (e %he +e*/!'3 *e+ *%*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*': 415 +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e% 425e/("(%!*' * &(%( e++*+ # ()66'!?'3 ('& #**%%+(!'3 4=5*+$( ('(! * %he +e*"%!*' ('& )*/(+!(')e $(%+!)e (% e()h3+!& '*&e. E()h * %hee %e% ! &e)+!#e& #e*.I' !$e %e+$, ( +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e% !'/*/e &e!3'!'3 ('%he%!) !'"% $*&e, )()"(%!'3 ( )*++e*'&!'3 e% * '%he%!)%+(/e %!$e, ('& (&&!'3 +('&*$ '*!e. S'%he%!) (+e !'/e+%e& !'%he ($e ( ( %he +e( &(%(. A )*$(+!*' #e%ee' %he !'"%
![Page 69: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 69/228
('& +e)*/e+e& $*&e )(' %h" $e("+e %he (#!!% * %he !'/e+!*'%* +e)*/e+ +e&e?'e& /e*)!% ('*$(!e. I' %h! %he!, e )(++*"% +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e% # &e!3'!'3 '%he%!) $*&e %h(%)*'%(!' %he $(!' e(%"+e * %he "#&")%!*' *'e. <e (* e%!$(%e%he %('&(+& e++*+ * /e*)!% (+($e%e+ # )(++!'3 *"%
#**%%+(!'3 ('(! * %+(/e %!$e 4e.3. Lee ('& C+**',185. B**%%+(!'3 ! (&/('%(3e*" #e)("e !% ! '*'(+($e%+!)!% (ee +e( e++*+ !' %he &(%( !%h*"% $(6!'3 ("$%!*'(#*"% %he!+ &!%+!#"%!*'.C*$(+e& %* $*+e !$e $e("+e * +e*"%!*', ")h ( h!% )*"'%('& &e+!/(%!/e e!3h% "$ 4T**$e ('& F*"3e+, 185, *+$(('(! * %he $*&e +e*"%!*' $(%+!;, R ('& )*/(+!(')e $(%+!;, C+*/!&e ( $*+e +e!(#e $e%h*& * (e!'3 +e*"%!*' (% e()h3+!& '*&e. R ('& C !'&!)(%e %he e;%e'% %* h!)h 3+!& *!'% (+e&ee'&e'% *' 'e!3h#*"+!'3 '*&e &"e %* **+ +( )*/e+(3e.Dee'&e') *' 'e!3h#*"+!'3 '*&e ! 6'*' ( s#earing 4Th"+#e+, 1=5. R ! %he !'%e+&ee'&e')e * %he +e&!)%e& $*&e(+($e%e+ ('& ( ?%e+ %h+*"3h h!)h %he e%!$(%e ! *#%(!'e& +*$%he %+"e $*&e. I' !'/e+e %he*+, R ('& C (+e +e(%e& %* G #:
"=G−1
G ( 3.12 )
# m=(G−1)T
# d G−1 ( 3.13 )
he+e # d ! %he &(%( )*/(+!(')e $(%+!;. C )*'%(!' %he e%!$(%e
* /(+!(')e *+ e()h $*&e (+($e%e+ 4&!(3*'( ee$e'%5 ('& %he)*/(+!(')e #e%ee' (!+ * (+($e%e+ 4*J>&!(3*'( ee$e'%5.E()h +* * R &e?'e (' (/e+(3!'3 /e)%*+ *+ e()h $*&e(+($e%e+. The !$e% ( * /!"(!!'3 R ! %* *% %he &!(3*'(ee$e'% * %he +e*"%!*' $(%+!; (% e()h 3+!& *!'%. F*+ e;($e,e>+e*/e& '*&e h(/e (+3e &!(3*'( ee$e'%. H*e/e+,&!(3*'( ee$e'% h*"& *' #e )*$(+e& !%h *%he+ '*&e !' (%+!)% +e(%!/e e'e (#*"%e /("e &ee'& *' %he e;()% 3+!&(+($e%e+!(%!*' ('& &($!'3 /("e "e&. The +e(%!/e !e ('&(%%e+' * *J>&!(3*'( ee$e'% !' R !'&!)(%e $e(+!'3 #e%ee''*&e. S$e(+!'3 ! /!"(!e& # )*'%*"+!'3 %he (/e+(3!'3 /e)%*++* *+ e()h 3+!& '*&e (% ( )e+%(!' e+)e'%(3e * %he $(;!$"$4e.3. 05. A e>+e*/e& '*&e h( ( $$e%+!) )*'%*"+, h*!'3!'&ee'&e')e * (&()e'% '*&e. SIMUL2000 &!+e)% )()"(%e R ('& C "!'3 QR &e)*$*!%!*' 4L(*' ('& H('*', 175.A'*%he+ ( %* e%!$(%e $e(+!'3 ! # )()"(%!'3 %he +e(&"')%!*' 4S@ 5 4T**$e ('& F*"3e+, 185, h!)h "$$(+!e e()h(/e+(3!'3 /e)%*+ ( ( !'3e /("e. SF ! 3!/e' #:
$% (r ! )=‖r !‖−1∑
&=1
m
'( ! ( &) " !&
2 ( 3.14 )
he+e r ! ! %he (/e+(3!'3 /e)%*+ * %he ! %h (+($e%e+, " !&
8
![Page 70: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 70/228
! (' ee$e'% * %he +e*"%!*' $(%+!;, '( ! ( &) ! ( e!3h%!'3"')%!*' 3!/e' # %he &!%(')e #e%ee' %he ! %h ('& & %h'*&e, ('& m ! %he %*%( '"$#e+ * (+($e%e+. SF ! $( he'%he (/e+(3!'3 /e)%*+ ! )*$()% ('& $e(+!'3 ! *. I' ( !$!(+( %* &!(3*'( ee$e'% * +e*"%!*' $(%+!;, %he (#*"%e /("e
* S@ ! &ee'&e'% *' %he 3+!& '*&e ()!'3 ('& /("e * %he&($!'3 (+($e%e+. The+e*+e, ())e%(#e %h+eh*& * SF $"%#e &e%e+$!'e& *+ e()h !'&!/!&"( !'/e+!*' ('& # )*$(+!'3 SF!%h *%he+ +e*"%!*' %e%.I' *+&e+ %* $(6e (' (e$e'% * %he +e*/!'3 -"(!% * ('*#%(!'e& %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e, *'e $"% )*'!&e+ ( * %he ('(e&!)"e& +e/!*". A * %he (#*/e %e% (+e )(++!e& *"% *+ %he%*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' +ee'%e& !' Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e.
=.I"$!'(%!'3 %he "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"%
"!'3 *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h: (%(!)(%!*' Th+ee>&!$e'!*'( $*&e * e!$!) /e*)!%!e !' ( "#&")%!*'*'e )(' +e/e( &e%(! * h!)( +*e+%!e (*'3 %he "#&")%!'3(%e !'%e+()e. Se!$!) /e*)!% ('*$(!e )(' #e !'%e++e%e& (/(+!(%!*' !' %e$e+(%"+e, )*$*!%!*', /*(%!e, )+()6 *+('!*%+* 4e.3. Vh(*, 20175. The+e*+e, ( %(%e& e(+!e+, %he('(! * %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e ! *%e' '*'>"'!-"e, #"% )(' #e$(&e $*+e +e!(#e # "!'3 )*'%+(!'% +*$ (&&!%!*'(3e*h!)( ('& 3e**3!)( e/!&e')e. A'*%he+ !'he+e'% +*#e$
!%h LET %"&!e !' "#&")%!*' *'e (+!e +*$ %he!+ *Jh*+e*)(%!*', he+e e e+$('e'% e!$*$e%e+ (+e !'%(e&. The()6 * !'%+"$e'%(%!*' !' *)e(' )(' e(& %* **+ &e%e+$!'e&h*)e'%+( *)(%!*' * *Jh*+e e(+%h-"(6e ('& !$!%e& !$(3!'3)((#!!%. O)e('>#*%%*$ e!$*$e%e+ 'e%*+6 !$+*/eh*)e'%+( &e%e+$!'(%!*' ('& !')+e(e +( )*/e+(3e !' %he*Jh*+e (+e(, (*!'3 %he h(*e% (+% * %he "#&")%!*' *'e%* #e !$(3e&.Se/e+( LET (3*+!%h$ (+e (/(!(#e ('& !$(3e 3e'e+(%e& &ee'&*' %he e;()% &(%(e% "e&. Thee ()%*+ $(6e )*$(+!'3%*$*3+(h!) +e"% +*$ &!Je+e'% %"&!e &!)"%. He+e, e
&e)+!#e *$e 6e %"&!e %h(% h(/e )(++!e& *"% LET (*'3 %he"#&")%!*' $(+3!' * '*+%he+' Ch!e, Ne Ve(('& ('& '*+%h>e(%
Z(('. <e &e)+!#e %he +('3e * (+*()he "e& ('& "$$(+!e%he $(!' )*')"!*' (+!!'3 +*$ %he +e"%!'3 !$(3e !%h!' %he)*'%e;% * *"+ 6'*e&3e * "#&")%!*' *'e %+")%"+(he%e+*3e'e!%!e &e%(!e& !' %he +e)e&!'3 )h(%e+.
The %(33e+e& !'/e+!*' )he$e &e)+!#e& !' Se)%!*' =.7 ! e!"%+(%e& # LET %"&!e +*$ %he '*+%he+' Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e.
The &(%( )*$e +*$ (%e+h*)6 * %he 17 Mw 8.0 A'%*(3(%(e(+%h-"(6e %h(% e+e +e)*+&e& *' ( %e$*+(+ *'> ('& *Jh*+ee!$!) 'e%*+6. H"e' e% (. 415 "e& %he ELEST (3*+!%h$ %*&e+!/e ( $!'!$"$ 1>D $*&e, h*)e'%+( *)(%!*' ('& %(%!*')*++e)%!*' %* ())*"'% *+ ee/(%!*' &!Je+e')e ('& +e3!*'(
![Page 71: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 71/228
/e*)!% %+")%"+e. B(% +*$ 6'*' *)( $!'!'3 ()%!/!%!e e+e+e*)(%e& %* (e %he +e!(#!!% * %he /e*)!% $*&e. The$!'!$"$ 1>D /e*)!% $*&e &e)+!#e& (#*/e ( "#e-"e'%"e& ( ( %(+%!'3 *!'% *+ 2>D ('& =>D !'/e+!*' "!'3 SIMUL4H"e' e% (., 20025. A% &e%h 2070 6$, %he "#&")%!'3 (# !
!$(3e& ( &!!'3 v p )*'%*"+ * 8 6$ ('& !3h% ee/(%e&v pv s 41.85 *+!e'%e& (+(e %* ( '(++* #('& * e!$!)!%. The%"& (* *"'& h!3h v p 4 6$5 !' %he *e+ *+e(+), h!)h (!'%e++e%e& ( ( +e!&"( $(3$(%!) !'%+"!*'. A' (*'3>%+!6e!')+e(e !' *e+ *+e(+) v pv s ! *#e+/e&, !%h %he $(;!$"$ v pv s 4 1.85 )*++e*'&!'3 %* %he +e3!*' * 3+e(%e% $*$e'% +ee(e&"+!'3 %he A'%*(3(%( e(+%h-"(6e. O'e )h(e'3e !' LET ! %he!$(3!'3 * %!$e>&ee'&e'% /e*)!% /(+!(%!*', h!)h $(!"$!'(%e &'($!) +*)ee (*'3 %he "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"%.D(%(e% "'!-"e'e, ( e ( %he *$eh(% (+#!%+(+ )h*!)e *$**%h!'3 ('& &($!'3 (+($e%e+ $(6e !$(3!'3 >D /(+!(%!*'&!)"%. U!'3 %he ($e &(%( +*$ %he A'%*(3(%( e(+%h-"(6e,H"e' ('& K!!'3 420015 &!/!&e& %he %+(/e %!$e &(%(e% !'%* %*e+!*&, !'/e+%!'3 *+ %* e(+(%e /e*)!% $*&e. The +e"%!'&!)(%e h!3he+ v pv s !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e (% (%e+ %(3e * %he*%e!$!) h(e, h!)h ( (%%+!#"%e& %* @"!& @* +ee(e& +*$%he (%e !'%e+()e **!'3 %he 17 $(!'h*)6 +"%"+e.A'*%he+ "#&")%!*' *'e %h(% h( #ee' %"&!e& !' 3+e(% &e%(! "!'3LET ! %he H!6"+('3! $(+3!' * Ne Ve(('&. Th! +e3!*' ! *)!e'%!?) !'%e+e% &"e %* %he "#&")%!*' * ( (+3e *)e('!) (%e(",%he +ee')e * * ! e/e'% 4e.3. <(()e ('& Be(/(', 20105,
('& (*'3>%+!6e /(+!(%!*' !' (%e !'%e+()e )*"!'3 4<(()e,2005. E;%e'!/e e;*"+e * %he *+e(+) )*e %* %he %+e')h 4^ 06$ !' ()e5, (* *+ e;)ee'% %(%!*' )*/e+(3e, $(6!'3 %he+e3!*' "!%(#e *+ LET !$(3!'3 * %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e.O'e * %he $*% )*$+ehe'!/e LET %"&!e !' %he +e3!*' ! %h(% *E#e+h(+%>Ph!! e% (. 420075, h* "e& ( !$!(+ !'/e+!*' %+(%e3%* H"e' e% (. 420025, #"% "!'3 *' *'h*+e &(%(. The @e;!#e3+!&&!'3 )he$e * Th"+#e+ ('& E#e+h(+%>Ph!! 415 (*!'6!'3 * *Jh*+e '*&e he+e +( )*/e+(3e ! +e&")e&. A/e+(3!'3* h*+!*'%( h!%e& 3+!& !$+*/e %he !$(3!'3 * h(+ /e*)!%3+(&!e'%. A)%!/e>*"+)e h*% e+e !')*+*+(%e& !'%* %he &(%(e% %*
!$+*/e !$(3!'3 * %he h(* "#"+()e !' %he )*(%( +e3!*'. The +e"%!'3 =>D /e*)!% $*&e h* h!3h v pv s 4 1.85 (*'3 %he(%e !'%e+()e he+e %he+e ! ( 3+e(%e+ @"; * "#&")%e& e&!$e'%!' %he $*+e e+*!/e '*+%he+' (+% * %he %"& (+e(. Th! +e3!*' *ee/(%e& v pv s )*++e(%e %* e(6e+ (%e )*"!'3. I' )*'%+(%,%+*'3 )*"!'3 +e(%e %* h!3h v p 4 .7 6$5 !' %he *e+ *+e(+))+"%, he+e %he+e ! ( %h!''e+ "#&")%!*' )h(''e. Thee ?'&!'3e& E#e+h(+%>Ph!! e% (. 420075 %* e)"(%e %h(% (%e )*"!'3$( #e 3*/e+'e& # "#&")%!*' )h(''e %h!)6'e.N*+%h>e(% Z((' h( #ee' ( *)" *+ $(' (!/e e!$!)
!$(3!'3 %"&!e, (+%!)"(+ !' %he (%e+$(%h * %he &($(3!'3 2011Mw .0 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e. The+e*+e, %he+e h( #ee' $")h!'/e%$e'% %* !'%( &e'e *'h*+e ('& *Jh*+e e!$!) 'e%*+6
0
![Page 72: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 72/228
!' *+&e+ %* !$+*/e "'&e+%('&!'3 * (%e !'%e+()e e!$*3e'!)+*)ee. A%h*"3h '"$e+*" e!$!) *#e+/(%!*' e+e ()-"!+e&#e*+e %he T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e, "+%he+ &(%( +*$ &e'!?e&e+$('e'% 'e%*+6 ('& %e$*+(+ &e*$e'% e+e (/(!(#e !'%he (%e+$(%h. Y($($*%* e% (. 42015 !'%e3+(%e& ( (/(!(#e
&(%(e%, !')"&!'3 %h*e +*$ *)e('>#*%%*$ e!$*$e%e+ 4OBS5'e%*+6, %* &e+!/e ( &e%(!e& !$(3e * %he (%e !'%e+()e +e3!*',+*$ %he %+e')h %* #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e. Ne(+ 10,000 P>(/e('& 10,000 S>(/e %+(/e %!$e e+e !'/e+%e& "!'3 %he &*"#e>&!Je+e')e %*$*3+(h )*&e, %*$*DD 4Vh('3 ('& Th"+#e+, 2005.O'e * %he $(!' ?'&!'3 +*$ %h! %"& ! %he +ee')e * %* h!3hv pv s +e3!*' *)(%e& "> ('& &*'>&! * %he 2011 Mw .0h*)e'%+e. H!3h v pv s 4 2.05 )*e %* %he %+e')h ! !'%e++e%e& (@"!&>+!)h e&!$e'%. Ee/(%e& v pv s 41.85 (% 3+e(%e+ &e%h *=0 6$ ! "'&e+%**& %* #e )("e& # *)(!e& +()%"+!'3 **)e('!) )+"%.
=.S"$$(+I' %he (% %* &e)(&e, $(' (&/(')e h(/e #ee' $(&e !' %he(!/e e!$!) !$(3!'3 * "#&")%!*' *'e, I' (+%!)"(+, (+3ee!$!) &(%(e% h(/e (*e& 'e "'&e+%('&!'3 * %he ()%*+)*'%+*!'3 $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e. H*e/e+, ( h*' # %he )(e%"&!e &e)+!#e& (#*/e, !$(3!'3 * %he h(*e% (+% *"#&")%!*' *'e, he+e $*% e!$!) $*$e'% ! %!)(+ee(e&, +e$(!' ( )h(e'3e. A))*"'%!'3 *+ +*"3h #(%h$e%+('& %**3+(h, ( e ( (%e+( /e*)!% /(+!(%!*', ! (' !'he+e'%
*#%()e he' !')*+*+(%!'3 OBS &(%(. F"+%he+$*+e, !$(3!'3 v s *Jh*+e )(' +*/e &!)"%, ( h*' # %he H"e' e% (. 420005 LET %"& * '*+%he+' Ch!e, !' h!)h *' !'3e>)*$*'e'%h&+*h*'e e+e "e&. The+e*+e, &e/e*$e'% (+e +e-"!+e& !'LET !$(3!'3 # )*$#!'!'3 (+3e *'h*+e ('& *Jh*+e &(%(e%.
The+e (+e (* (/e'"e *+ +*3+e !' !'%e++e%!'3 e!$!) /e*)!%%+")%"+e ()+* ( " e(+%h-"(6e ))e: +*$ +ee!$!) *)6!'3, %*)*e!$!) ! ('& *%e!$!) &e*+$(%!*'. H*e/e+, &!$!'!he&#()63+*"'& e!$!)!% !' $e3(%h+"% e!$!) 3( )(' (* $(6eLET !$(3!'3 &!)"%. A*, h!% %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' ! (#e %*+*/!&e &e%(!e& !$(3!'3 * "#"+()e /e*)!% %+")%"+e,
!'%e++e%!'3 /e*)!%!e +e$(!' !'he+e'% '*'>"'!-"e. T* */e+)*$e %hee +*#e$, *'e *%!*' ! %* %"& %he /e*)!%%+")%"+e !' ( +e3!*' %h(% h( (+e(& e;e+!e')e& ( (+3ee(+%h-"(6e, ('& he+e %he+e ! ( (+3e &(%(#(e * *'e% %!$e+*$ %he e'"!'3 (%e+h*)6 e-"e')e. I' (+%!)"(+, *)e('>#*%%*$e!$*$e%e+ (+e +e-"!+e& %* e'"+e ())"+(%e e(+%h-"(6e *)(%!*'('& %* !$+*/e *Jh*+e !$(3!'3. A h*' # %he H"e' e% (.420005 %"&, *#%(!'!'3 *Jh*+e v s $*&e ! &!)"%, (+%!)"(+he' *' *)e('>#*%%*$ h&+*h*'e (+e "e& !%h*"% h*+!*'%()*$*'e'%, %h" !$!%!'3 ())"+(%e &e%e+$!'(%!*' * S>(/e
*'e%. F"+%he+$*+e, %* $(6e !'%e++e%(%!*' * "#"+()e 3e**3+*$ LET !$(3e, (&&!%!*'( 3e*h!)( &(%(e% h*"& #e
1
![Page 73: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 73/228
)*'!&e+e& 4E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 1=5.A %"& * %he 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e)(' (* (' !$+*/e& LET %"& * %he "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"%.Se/e+( %"&!e e;!% %h(% &e)+!#e &'($!) * %he )e'%+( Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e (% &!Je+e'% %(3e * %he e!$!) ))e 4e.3.
Be&*+& e% (., 201 M*+e'* e% (., 20125. F"+%he+$*+e, &e'e+e)*+&!'3 * %he (%e+h*)6 e-"e')e +*$ #*%h *'> ('& *Jh*+e'e%*+6 (* )h(')e %* !$(3e %he $e3(%h+"% )*e %* %he%+e')h. I' (&&!%!*', %he *'3>%e+$ e3$e'%(%!*' ('& %+")%"+e * %he)e'%+( Ch!e *+e(+) ! e "'&e+%**& +*$ ( +('3e * 3e**3!)(('& 3e*h!)( %"&!e.
Ch(%e+
THE 2010 M< 8.8 MAULE, CHILE EARTHQUAKE: NUCLEATION AND RUPTURE PROPAGATION
CONTROLLED BY A SUBDUCTED TOPOGRAPHIC HIGH
Th! )h(%e+ ! +*$ ( (e+ "#!he& !' !eophysical "esearchetters 4E')*"+e 25. The (e+ ( ())e%e& *+ "#!)(%!*' *'Se%e$#e+ 1, 2012 ('& "#!he& *' O)%*#e+ 1, 2012. A"%h*+ * %he $('")+!% (+e S%ehe' H!)6 4$(!' ("%h*+5, A'&+e( R!e%#+*)64U'!/e+!% * L!/e+**5, Ch+!%!(' H(#e+('& 4GFV, P*%&($5,I(#ee R&e+ 4U'!/e+!% * L!/e+**5, M(+6 S!$*' 4C(!*+'!(
I'%!%"%e * Te)h'**35 ('& A'&+ T((+( 4U'!/e+!&(& &eC*')e)!X'5. The S"e$e'%(+ I'*+$(%!*' * %he (e+ !!')*+*+(%e& !'%* %he $(!' #*& * %h! )h(%e+. Th! +ee(+)h (%he +!$(+ *)" * $ %he! +*$ O)%*#e+ 2011 Z" 2012. The(!$ * %h! %"& ( %* !$(3e %he ?+%>*+&e+ %+")%"+e * %he$e3(%h+"% +e3!*' # +*&")!'3 ( +e!$!'(+ =>D e!$!) /e*)!%$*&e *+ %he M("e +"%"+e *'e "!'3 (' ("%*$(%!)(&e%e+$!'e& &(%(e% 4Ke A!$ 15. U!'3 %h! +e!$!'(+ $*&e, e$(&e !'%e++e%(%!*' (#*"% %he h!)( %+")%"+e * %he "#&")%e&*)e('!) )+"%. A% %h! %(3e * %he +*e)%, &(%( +*$ *' %he ?+%%* $*'%h * (%e+h*)6 +e)*+&e& # *'h*+e e!$!) %(%!*'
e+e (/(!(#e.
2
![Page 74: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 74/228
P"#!he& (e+ (#%+()%
K'*e&3e * e!$!) +*e+%!e !' (' e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e !
ee'%!( *+ "'&e+%('&!'3 %he ()%*+ )*'%+*!'3 +"%"+e&'($!). <e "e &(%( +*$ (%e+h*)6 * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e%* &e+!/e ( =>D e!$!) /e*)!% $*&e * %he )e'%+( Ch!e *+e(+).A% =S, e ?'& ( h!3h v p 4 .0 6$5 ('& h!3h v pv s 4a1.85('*$( !'3 (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"% (% 27 6$ &e%h, h!)h)*!')!&e !%h ( %+*'3 *+e(+) B*"3"e+ 3+(/!% !3'(. <e !'%e++e%%h! ( ( "#&")%e& %**3+(h!) h!3h, *!# ( *+$e+ e($*"'%*' %he N()( (#. The M("e e(+%h-"(6e '")e(%e& (% %he ">&!#*"'&(+ * %he ('*$( e% h!3h )*e!$!) ! *))"++e& he+e*e+ e!$!) /e*)!%!e */e+!e %he $e3(%h+"%. S(+e (%e+h*)6e!$!)!% *))"+ !%h!' %h! %+")%"+e, "33e%!'3 %h(% !% &!+"%
'*+$( !'%e+()e e!$*3e'e!. Thee ?'&!'3 !$ %h(%"#&")%e& %+")%"+e )(' #e )*'&")!/e %* %he '")e(%!*' * (+3e$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e, e/e' ! %he "#e-"e'% h!'&e+)*e!$!) ! ('& (%e+h*)6 ()%!/!%.
.1I'%+*&")%!*' The +"%"+e &'($!) * 3+e(% "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e (+e)*$e;. D"e %* %he /(% !')+e(e !' !'%+"$e'%(%!*', 3e*h!)!%)(' '* $( h!3h *+&e+ (%!( /(+!(%!*' !' e'e+3 +ee(e ('&e!$!) ! (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"%. H*e/e+, *"+ "'&e+%('&!'3 *
%he ()%*+ %h(% !'@"e')e %hee (%!( /(+!(%!*' +e$(!' !$!%e&. The Fe#+"(+ 2010 M 8.8 M("e e(+%h-"(6e, h!)h +"%"+e& ('81,700 6$2 (+e( 4L( e% (., 2010(5 * %he "#&")%!*' !'%e+()e#e%ee' %he &*'3*!'3 N()( ('& */e++!&!'3 S*"%h A$e+!)('(%e, ! '* e;)e%!*'. Th! e3$e'% h(& '*% e;e+!e')e& ( (+3e+"%"+e !')e %he 3+e(% 18=7 C*')e)!X' e(+%h-"(6e 4F!3"+e .1(5.
The WD(+!' 3(9 4L*+!%* e% (., 20115 ( +e)*3'!e& ( ( $(%"+ee!$!) 3( ('& 3e*&e%!) $e("+e$e'% ()-"!+e& #e*+e %he 2010e/e'% !'&!)(%e& %+*'3 *)6!'3 * %he $e3(%h+"% !%h!' %he 3(4M%*! e% (., 2012 M*+e'* ('& R*e'(", 2010 R"e33 e% (.,2005. The e(+%h-"(6e '")e(%e& !' %he D(+!' 3(, ('& "#!he&
)*e!$!) ! $*&e !$ #!(%e+( +"%"+e +*(3(%!*' 4L( e%(., 2010( L*+!%* e% (., 2011 M*+e'* e% (., 2012 !3' e% (.,20115, !%h " %* 20 $ * ! a100 6$ '*+%h * %he h*)e'%+e,('& " %* 10 $ * ! %* %he *"%h.
The "#&")%!*' *'e (e+!% $*&e 4L( ('& K('($*+!, 1815 +*/!&e ( )*')e%"( +($e*+6 %* e;(!' %he ! &!%+!#"%!*' *(+3e e(+%h-"(6e. A))*+&!'3 %* %h! $*&e, (+e( * (+3e)*e!$!) ! (+e )("e& # (e+!%!e %h(% (+e !'%e+e!$!)(*)6e&. S%"&!e * %+!6e>! e(+%h-"(6e 4M!)h(e ('& E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 11 T. O6(&( e% (., 2005 "33e% %h(% (e+!%!e (+e(*)!(%e& !%h h!3h e!$!) /e*)!%!e, ('& %he+e*+e )*$e%e'%$(%e+!(. F*+ "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e, h*e/e+, %**3+(h!) h!3h4e.3. +!&3e, +()%"+e *'e, e($*"'%5 *' %he "#&")%!'3 (%e
=
![Page 75: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 75/228
)(' ()% ( +"%"+e #(++!e+ 4K*&(!+( e% (., 2000 P(+6 e% (., 200R*#!'*' e% (., 2005.
Figure 4.1: a) Locations of past ruptures and segmentation in Chile, after Métois et
al. (2012). Ellipses give the rupture area of each earthquake. The name of each
segment and segment boundaries (dashed lines) are shown. The box denotes the
location of the map in (b). b) Local map with bathymetry/topography (coloured
scale bar). The red star is the NEIC epicentre. Blue contour lines show the
coseismic slip distribution of Moreno et al. (2012). Red circles and white triangles
are the aftershocks and stations, respectively, used in our tomographic inversion.
Black crosses denote the nodes in our 3-D inversion. The grey dashed lines show
the geometry of the subducting Nazca slab, based on the Slab1.0 model (Hayes
and Wald, 2009).
P"#!he& (%e+h*)6 &!%+!#"%!*' *+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e 4L('3ee% (., 2012 R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125 h* ( +*$!'e'% 3( !'!'%e+()e e!$!)!% (% =00 6$ &e%h, 'e(+ =S. S! $*&e ('&%he (%e+h*)6 &!%+!#"%!*' &e$*'%+(%e %h(% h!)(he%e+*3e'e!% $( e;!% (*'3 %he ("%. I% ! %he+e*+e !$*+%('% %*(e ! (' he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he +"%"+e *'e ! e;+ee& !' !%e!$!) +*e+%!e, ('& he%he+ e )(' !&e'%! (' )*++e(%!*'!%h )*e!$!) !. He+e, e "e %+(/e %!$e &(%( +*$ (%e+h*)6%* +e/e( ( h!3h /e*)!% ('*$( (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"% !'%e+()e !'%he D(+!' 3(.
.2T*$*3+(h!) I'/e+!*' S)he$eF**!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, ( )*')e+%e& $"%!'(%!*'( e!$!)
![Page 76: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 76/228
&e*$e'% %**6 ()e %* +e)*+& (%e+h*)6 ()%!/!%. The 'e%*+6)*'!%e& * a10 %(%!*' )*/e+!'3 %he e'%!+e +"%"+e (+e( 4F!3"+e.1#5. <e &e%e+$!'e %he e!$!) %+")%"+e !' %he +"%"+e (+e( "!'3&(%( +*$ %he I'%e+'(%!*'( M("e A%e+h*)6 D(%(e% 4IMAD5. <e("%*$(%!)( &e%e)% e!$!) P> ('& S>(/e (++!/( %!$e +*$
(%e+h*)6 "!'3 (' *%!$!e& STALTA %+!33e+!'3 (3*+!%h$4N!+e e% (., 20105 !%h (' !%e+(%!/e *)(%!*' (3*+!%h$4R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125, e'"+!'3 &(%( )*'!%e'). P!)6!'3 e++*+*+ %he ("%*$(%!) ('(! (+e h*' !' F!3"+e .2.
Figure 4.2: Histograms of a) P-wave and b) S-wave onset time pick errors of the
automatic algorithm, based on a subset of 20 events.
<e "e ( %(33e+e& !'/e+!*' )he$e 4e.3. H(#e+('& e% (., 2005 %* 3e'e+(%e %he /e*)!% $*&e. <e e%!$(%e ( #e%>?%%!'3 $!'!$"$1>D $*&e "!'3 %he ELEST (3*+!%h$ 4K!!'3 e% (., 15. F*+%he %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*', e )h**e = e/e'% 4F!3"+e .1#5+*$ %he ?+% %* $*'%h * (%e+h*)6 #(e& *' ( $(;!$"$(!$"%h( 3( )+!%e+!*' 4*'h*+e e/e'% ^ 17 *Jh*+e e/e'% ^205 ('& %he '"$#e+ * S>(/e !)6 4 05. <e +e-"!+e ( e>
&!%+!#"%e& (%e+h*)6 )(%(*3"e %* e'"+e 3**& +( )*/e+(3e !' %he$*&e. Th! )(%(*3"e !e& a=0,000 P>(/e ('& a1,000 S>(/e*'e% %!$e. <e "e %he SIMUL2000 )*&e 4Th"+#e+, 18=5 %* !'/e+%*+ #*%h v p ('& v v . <e !')*+*+(%e ( '*'>"'!*+$ '*&( ()!'34F!3"+e .1#5 !' %he ;>&!+e)%!*' 4$!'!$"$ * 17 6$5 %* e'"+e h!3h+e*"%!*' he+e +( )*/e+(3e ! 3**&, ('& "'!*+$ ()!'3 !' #*%h%he >&!+e)%!*' 480 6$5 ('& >&!+e)%!*' 410 6$5. T* %e% +e!(#!!% *%he %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e, e ('(e %he $*&e +e*"%!*' $(%+!;4F!3"+e .=5 %* !'/e%!3(%e %he +e*/!'3 )((#!!% * *"+ &(%( ('&$*&e e%>". <e ?'& %h(% %he ( '*&e !' %he *+e(+) (+e e+e*/e&, (+%!)"(+ %h*e !' %he *'h*+e *+e(+). S$e(+!'3
#e)*$e ((+e'% !' %he *"%e+>+!e ('& #e'e(%h %he $(3$(%!) (+). The h(* (+e( * %he $(+!'e *+e(+) (+e (* **+ +e*/e&
7
![Page 77: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 77/228
!')e e "e ('&>#(e& %(%!*' *' !' %he !'/e+!*'. The v pv s $*&e ! !'he+e'% e e +e*/e& &"e %* ee+ S>(/e !)6)*$(+e& %* P>(/e !)6, ('& %he 3+e(%e+ e++*+ (*)!(%e& !%h*'e% %!$e * S>(/e !)6 4F!3"+e .25.
.=Re"% * =>D T*$*3+(h!) I'/e+!*'F!3"+e .( h* %he =>D v p %+")%"+e ('& +e*)(%e& (%e+h*)6e!$!)!% *' *"+ )+*>e)%!*' *+!e'%(%e& e+e'&!)"(+ %* %he+e3!*'( %+e')h (;!. <e *#e+/e ( %he +!$(+ %+")%"+e!&e'%!?e& !' %he =>D /e*)!% $*&e *#%(!'e& *+ *"%h>)e'%+( Ch!e+!*+ %* %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e 4H(#e+('& e% (., 2005.<e '* &e)+!#e +*$!'e'% e(%"+e !' %he $*&e 4e%%e+ +ee+ %*(#ee& !' F!3"+e .(5. The )*'%!'e'%( )+"% * %he S*"%hA$e+!)(' (%e 4(5 4v p * .0.8 6$5, %he %* * h!)h h( %** /e*)!% (+e( 4v p ^ .0 6$5 )*'%!%"%!'3 %he $(+!'e *+e(+)4#5 ('& %he Ce'%+( /(e #(!' 4)5. The )*'%!'e'%( $('%e 4&5 !)h(+()%e+!e& # ( +*$!'e'% "e!'3 !%h v p .0 6$, !'3a200 6$ +*$ %he %+e')h. The %* * %he &*'3*!'3 *)e('!) )+"%4e5, ( &!!'3 %+")%"+e !%h v p a .8 6$ ! e &e?'e& #(%e+h*)6. P>(/e /e*)!% (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e ! !$!(+ %*%h(% !'e++e& +*$ *%he+ +e3!*'( e!$!) %"&!e 4H(#e+('& e% (.,200 K+()6 e% (., 2005.
![Page 78: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 78/228
Figure 4.3: Resolution estimate of our best-fitting 3-D (left) v p and (right) v p / vs
model based on analysis of the model resolution matrix. Shading denotes spread
function values and black lines show the 70% contour of the resolution kernel The
resolution limits (white lines) are based on spread function values of 2 and 4 for
the v p and v p / vs model, respectively.
Se)%!*' C>C′ %+(/e+e %he $(!'h*)6 '")e(%!*' +e3!*'. Be'e(%h%he )*(%!'e, e *#e+/e ( +*$!'e'%, 0 6$ !&e, h!3h v p 4 6$5 ('*$( 45 !%h !3'!?)('% +e!e 4" %* 10 6$5. F+*$ (
e!$!) +e+()%!*' +*?e, K+()6 e% (. 42005 (* !'e+ ( h!3h v p ('*$( !' %h! (+e(, !'%e++e%!'3 !% ( e+e'%!'!e& $('%e e&3e$(%e+!( *+ $(?) *e+ )+"%( +*)6 (*)!(%e& !%h (%e P((e**!)3+('!%*!& !'%+"!*'. <e !'e+ (' ee/(%e& v pv s * 1.8 !%h!' %he('*$( 4F!3"+e .#5. A))*"'%!'3 *+ *"+ +e*)(%e& e!$!)!%&!%+!#"%!*' ('& e(+!e+ e%!$(%e * (# !'%e+()e 3e*$e%+4H(#e+('& e% (., 200 H(e ('& <(&, 2005, e &e?'e (
![Page 79: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 79/228
Figure 4.4: a) Cross-sections through the 3-D v p model. The location and
orientation of each profile is shown in Figure 4.1b. The coastline is given by black
triangles. Features of the model are interpreted as follows: (a) continental crust, (b)
forearc basin, (c) central basin, (d ) continental mantle, and (e) subducting oceanic
crust. The blue dashed line is the unperturbed thrust interface. In section C-C ′, ( f )
is a high velocity anomaly located above the plate interface, and (g) is a smaller
high velocity anomaly in the Pichilemu region (section A-A′). b) Cross-section
showing v p / vs along section C-C′. Black dots are relocated aftershocks with M l ≥
3.0, with a minimum of 20 P- and 20 S-picks, respectively. The white lines denote
the resolution limits, based on analysis of the resolution matrix (Figure 4.3).
+e3!*'( %h+"% !'%e+()e e;)"&!'3 %he ('*$(. The ('*$(
8
![Page 80: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 80/228
+*%+"&e (#*/e %he !'%e+()e # (+*"'& 710 6$ 4F!3"+e .5. B!'%e+*(%!'3 *"+ v p $*&e (*'3 %he %h+"% !'%e+()e 4F!3"+e .75,e ?'& %h(% %he $(;!$"$ (*'3>%+!6e e;%e'% * %he ('*$( ! 06$. The '*&( ()!'3 "e& !' %he !'/e+!*' $( $e(' %h(% %he (he!3h% ('& (*'3>%+!6e e;%e'% * %he ('*$( $( #e e;(33e+(%e&.
F+*$ Se)%!*' A>A′ 4F!3"+e .(5, e !'e+ ('*%he+, (#e!% $(e+,h!3h /e*)!% ('*$( 435 !' %he P!)h!e$" +e3!*', a1=7 6$ +*$
%he %+e')h, (*'3 %he %h+"% !'%e+()e 4F!3"+e .7(5.
.D!)"!*' The h!3h v p ('& v pv s ('*$( &e)+!#e& (#*/e "33e% %h(% !% !)*$*!%!*'( !$!(+ %* h&+(%e& *)e('!) )+"% 4H(#e+('& e% (.,2005 *+ $('%e 4C(+*' ('& M!e+, 200=5 %he+e*+e, !% ! * $(?)*+!3!', ('& $"% h(/e *')e #ee' "#&")%e& ( (+% * %he N()((%e. F+*$ *"+ %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e (*'e, e )(''*% +e*/ehe%he+ %h! %+")%"+e +e+ee'% ( !'3e e($*"'%, (' *)e('!)(%e(", *+ ( 3+*" * $(e+ e($*"'%. F"+%he+$*+e, e )(''*%&e%e+$!'e he%he+ !% +e$(!' (%%()he& %* %he "#&")%!'3 (%e *+( e$()e& e(+!e+ !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e. <e #e!e/e %h(% %h!('*$( ! '*% ( +e!&"( !3'e*" !'%+"!*' (*)!(%e& !%h %he(')!e'% $(3$(%!) (+): %he+e ! '* )*++e(%!*' !%h "+()e *"%)+** (%e P((e**!)T+!(!) 3+('!%*!&. A*, ( h!3h v pv s *"& '*% #e!'&!)(%!/e * ( h!3h>+()%!*'(%e& !'%+"!*' 4Ch+!%e'e', 1H"e' e% (., 2000 Re'e+ e% (., 2005.Se!$!) e/!&e')e * "#&")%e& e($*"'% !' $(' "#&")%!*'*'e ! (#"'&('% 4e.3. H"e' e% (., 2002 K*&(!+( e% (., 2000
P(+6 e% (., 2005. H*e/e+, !% ! !$*+%('% %* )*'%+(!'!'%e++e%(%!*' !%h (&&!%!*'( 3e*h!)( e/!&e')e, ('& %*"'&e+%('& *%e'%!( *"+)e * he%e+*3e'e*" %**3+(h *' %he"#&")%!'3 (#. <e "e& %he E(+%h Ge**%e'%!( M*&e, EGM20084N. K. P(/! e% (., 20085 %* )*$"%e %he +e3!*'( B*"3"e+ ('*$(,"#%+()%!'3 %he 3+(/!% eJe)% * %he "#&")%!'3 (# ( 3!/e' # (+e3!*'( =>D &e'!% $*&e 4T((+( ('& E)h("++e', 20125. The+e"%!'3 *+e(+) +e!&"( 3+(/!% ('*$(, bg*+e(+), ! %he+e*+e &"e%* (%e+( &e'!% /(+!(%!*' (#*/e %he !'%e+(%e ("%.
![Page 81: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 81/228
Figure 4.5: a) Comparison of v p along the plate interface (coloured image, black
contours) with the coseismic slip distribution of Moreno et al. (2012); (blue
contours). The location of the high velocity anomaly beneath the coastline
correlates with a region of relatively low coseismic slip. The two main slip patches
correlate to lower v p along the plate interface. Locations of aftershocks (grey
circles) that lie along or close to the thrust interface are shown, highlighting the
sparse seismicity associated with the anomaly. The red star is the USGS-NEICepicentre. The white line denotes the up- and down-dip resolution limits of our
tomography model. b) Forearc Bouguer gravity anomaly, derived from the model
of Tassara and Echaurren (2012). Black lines are the v p contours from (a) for
comparison.
bg*+e(+) h* ( %+*'3 (%!( )*++e(%!*' !%h v p (*'3 %he$e3(%h+"% 4F!3"+e .7#5. I' (+%!)"(+, %he h!3h v p +e3!*' e(%(+&* %he h*)e'%+e )*!')!&e !%h ( +*$!'e'% 3+(/!% h!3h 4bg*+e(+) c0 $G(5. Th! !3'( +e!'*+)e *"+ !'%e++e%(%!*' %h(% %he('*$( +e+ee'% ( &e'e $(?) #*& *)(%e& *' %* * %he"#&")%e& (#. A $(e+ h!3h v p ('*$( #e* %he )*(% 'e(+=.7S 435 (* )*++e(%e !%h ( 3+(/!% h!3h. <e '*%e %h(% %he+e !'* )*++e(%!*' !%h h!3h v p *+ %he *!%!/e 3+(/!% ('*$( !' %he/!)!'!% * %he A+(")* e'!'"( 4a=.S5, ( (* h*' # %he/e*)!% $*&e * H(#e+('& e% (. 42005. <e %he+e*+e #e!e/e %h(%#e'e(%h %he A+(")* e'!'"(, h!% %he+e $( #e (' "e+ )+"%(&e'!% ('*$(, !% $( '*% h(/e ( !3'!?)('% e!$!) /e*)!%)*'%+(% !%h %he '*+$( )*'%!'e'%( )+"%.<e%e+>&!!'3 '*+$( ("% )(+ h(/e #ee' !&e'%!?e& !' %he$(+!'e *+e(+) <S< * %he !&e'%!?e& ('*$( 4Gee+e' e% (.,
2011(5. Se&!$e'%(+ "'&e+(%!'3 (*'3 %he !'%e+()e ('&"#e-"e'% 3+(/!%(%!*'( )*(e h( #ee' *%"(%e& %* e;(!'
80
![Page 82: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 82/228
%he +ee')e * %hee ("%, h!)h (+e "'""( (*'3 %he )e'%+(Ch!e(' $(+3!'. A'(*3"e $*&e &e$*'%+(%e %h(% e;%e'!*'(("% )(' *+$ !' %he (6e * ( "#&")%!'3 e($*"'% &"e %*e'h(')e& e&!$e'%(+ "'&e+(%!'3 4D*$!'3"e e% (., 20005. I% !%he+e*+e e(!#e %h(% ( %**3+(h!) h!3h ( *')e "#&")%e& !'
%h! +e3!*'. A%h*"3h '* #(%h$e%+!) h!3h ! *#e+/e& *Jh*+e *%he +"%"+e (+e( %*&(, %he+e ! e/!&e')e *+ (% "#&")%!*' * (%**3+(h!) ('*$( +e(%e& %* %he *'e% * )*'%+()%!*'(&e*+$(%!*' (*'3 %he *+e(+) (% =. M( 4F*3"e+( ('& R($*,2005. O)e(' $(3'e%!) ('*$(!e "33e% %h(% %he *!'% *!'%e+e)%!*' #e%ee' %he M*)h( F+()%"+e V*'e 4MFV5 ('& %heCh!e(' %+e')h *"& h(/e #ee' *)(%e& !' %he D(+!' 3(, *$e1=0 6$ '*+%h * !% +ee'% *!%!*'. The )*'%e$*+(+ MFV !(*)!(%e& !%h (' (#"'&(')e * e($*"'%.A &e%(!e& %e)%*'!) +e)*'%+")%!*' * %he N()( (%e )*"& +e/e($*+e (#*"% %he *"+)e * %he "#&")%e& %+")%"+e !' (+%!)"(+, ! !%( *+$e& (% %he +e(&!'3 +!&3e, %he' !% $( h(/e ( )*'"3(%e *'%he P()!?) (%e. I% ! %he+e*+e *+%h '*%!'3 %h(% ( !$e %e)%*'!)+e)*'%+")%!*' 4M`e+ e% (., 20085 +e/e( %h(% %he *+$(%!*'+e3!*' * %he N()( (%e, '* *)(%e& (*'3 %he )e'%+( Ch!e('$(+3!', $( h(/e *+$e& (% ( !$!(+ %!$e %* ( *'e * #(%h$e%+!)he%e+*3e'e!%, '* *)(%e& *' %he P()!?) (%e (% =7S 4F!3"+e.5. A"$!'3 %h(% %he e($*"'% %+")%"+e ! " )*"e& %* %he&*'3*!'3 (%e ('& %h(% %he "#&")%!*' +(%e h( +e$(!'e&)*'%('% %h+*"3h*"% !% &e)e'%, !% *"& h(/e e'%e+e& %he %+e')h(% a1.8 M(.
The %**3+(h!) h!3h !' %he D(+!' 3( ! )*!')!&e'% !%h h!3h+ee!$!) *)6!'3 4M%*! e% (., 2012 M*+e'* ('& R*e'(",20105, $( )*e!$!) !, %he h*)e'%+e * %he $(!'h*)6, ('&+e&")e& (%e+h*)6 ()%!/!% 4F!3"+e .7(5, !'&!)(%!'3 %h(% !%!'@"e')e& %he +"%"+e &'($!) * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e. I %he%+")%"+e +e$(!' " (%%()he& %* %he N()( (%e, %he' !% !6e!'@"e')e& %he +"%"+e # ()%!'3 ( ( 3e*$e%+!) !++e3"(+!% *' %he(%e !'%e+()e. I' %h! )(e, e *"& e;e)% %he+e %* #e ()%!/e&e*+$(%!*' !%h!' %he *+e(+), ( !3'( * h!)h $( #e e/!&e'% (%%he "+()e.
81
![Page 83: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 83/228
Figure 4.6: a) Reconstructions of the Nazca and Pacific plates at 20Ma illustrating
that the central Chilean margin (green boxed area) may have formed at a similar
time to an area of bathymetric heterogeneity (red boxed area) on the Pacific plate,now located at ~35°S (b).
S")h %**3+(h!) e(%"+e *' %he (%e !'%e+()e h(/e #ee' h*'%* ()% ( e!%he+ (e+!%!e 4H"e' e% (., 20025 *+ #(++!e+ 4K*&(!+(e% (., 20005. O'e %he*+ %(%e %h(% h!3h +e!e *' %he &*'3*!'3(%e !')+e(e )*"!'3, %he+e# 3e'e+(%!'3 (+3e e(+%h-"(6e4S)h* ('& S$(, 15. C*'/e+e, &($(3e "%(!'e& # %he*/e++!&!'3 (%e &"+!'3 e($*"'% "#&")%!*' $( (/*"+ (e!$!))+ee ('& $( e(+%h-"(6e, !'h!#!%!'3 (+3e +"%"+e +*(3(%!*'
4K. <('3 ('& B!e6, 20115. D"e %* %he +*;!$!% * %he "#&")%e&e(%"+e %* %he $(!'h*)6 h*)e'%+e, *"+ +e"% !$ %h(% +e!e*' %he &*'3*!'3 (%e !')+e(e !'%e+()e )*"!'3 ('& !'!%!(%e(+3e +"%"+e. The (+3e% !, h*e/e+, ( (( +*$ %he('*$(, "33e%!'3 %h(% !% he%e+*3e'e*" %+")%"+e ('& %+e)*'&!%!*' h!'&e+ %he &e/e*$e'% * (+3e e!$!) !. The)*$e; 'e%*+6 * +()%"+e e;e)%e& !%h!' ( "#&")%e&e($*"'% 4K. <('3 ('& B!e6, 20115 $( )*'%+!#"%e %* %he * !!' %h! (+e(, &e!%e h!3h !'%e+e!$!) )*"!'3.A%e+'(%!/e, ! %he %**3+(h!) e(%"+e ! '* (+%!( *+ h*&e%()he& +*$ %he &*'3*!'3 (%e, *+ e/e' ())+e%e& !'%* %he*e+ *+e(+) )+"%, !% )*"& %! &!+"% '*+$( e!$*3e'e! (*'3%he !'%e+()e. The (+e (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!% *))"++!'3 !%h!' %he
82
![Page 84: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 84/228
+e3!*' * (% $(%e+!( 4F!3"+e .1 ('& .75 *"& %he' !'&!)(%e%h(% %h! (+% * %he !'%e+()e ! he+e ("% ! ! $(!' (e!$!).I' %h! )(e, %he ">&! #*"'&(+ * %he %+")%"+e +e+ee'% (%+('!%!*' #e%ee' %he *)6e& ('& )+ee!'3 *'e, h!)h !)*'&")!/e %* $( e!$!) e/e'% 4L("%( ('& R!)e, 200=5. I% !
("!#e %h(% ( $( e/e'% )*'%+!#"%e& %* %he '")e(%!*' * %he2010 M("e e(+%h-"(6e. Re3(+&e * %he )"++e'% %(%e * %he*#e+/e& %+")%"+e, !% (e(+ %* h(/e !'@"e')e& %he !'!%!(%!*' *%he +"%"+e. M*+e*/e+, *"+ $*&e h* %h(% !' +e3!*' * (+3e)*e!$!) !, %he $e3(%h+"% ! )h(+()%e+!e& # *e+ e!$!)/e*)!%!e 4F!3"+e .75.
.7C*')"!*'O"+ +ee++e& $*&e 4F!3"+e .5 h* %h(% !' %he D(+!' 3(, ("#&")%e& %**3+(h!) h!3h, *!# ( *+$e+ e($*"'%, (e& ((+% !' #*%h '")e(%!'3 %he e(+%h-"(6e ('& $*&"(%!'3 %he)*e!$!) ! *')e %he +"%"+e %(+%e&. Th! &"( #eh(/!*"+ * ("#&")%e& *)e('!) %+")%"+e ! ( "'!-"e !'e+e')e. H!3h %+e())"$"(%!*' (% !% ">&! #*"'&(+ ! !6e +e*'!#e *+'")e(%!'3 %he !'!%!( +"%"+e. T* e'&>$e$#e+ )e'(+!* $(&e)+!#e %he %(%e * %+e * %he "#&")%e& %+")%"+e. I !% !he(+e& *J +*$ %he &*'3*!'3 (%e, !% $( #e )*'%!'"()+ee!'3. C*'/e+e, ! !% +e$(!' " )*"e& %* %he &*'3*!'3!%h*he+e, !% )*"& #e *)6e&. I' %he (%%e+ )(e, %he ! &e?)!%())"$"(%e& !')e 18=7 *"& #e e-"!/(e'% %* (' M 8.0e(+%h-"(6e. Thee )e'(+!* )*"& #e +e*/e& +*$ ('(! *
()%!/e /e+%!)( %e)%*'!) *' %he "+()e, ('& "#e-"e'% $*&e *&e*+$(%!*' !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e.O"+ $*&e h* %h(% /(+!(%!*' !' e!$!) +*e+%!e (*'3 %he$e3(%h+"% (+e !$*+%('% !' )*'%+*!'3 +"%"+e &'($!) * (+3ee(+%h-"(6e. <e %+e %he 'ee& *+ "+%he+ ('(e * *'3>%e+$(%e+! ('& *)6!'3 $*&e %* +e*/e %he +!)%!*'( )h(+()%e+!%!)* %he D(+!' 3( e($*"'%. F"+%he+$*+e, !% ! ee'%!( %* *)(%e('& "'&e+%('& ")h "#&")%e& %**3+(h!) e(%"+e !' "'#+*6e'e!$!) 3( (+*"'& %he 3*#e %* #e%%e+ )*'%+(!' %he!+ eJe)% *'!'%e+e!$!) *)6!'3 ('& ! &"+!'3 (+3e e(+%h-"(6e.
8=
![Page 85: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 85/228
Figure 4.7: Schematic interpretation based on our tomographic model. Our 3-D
model is cut along two sections: 37.5°S to show the velocity structure of theoceanic lithosphere, and 36°S to show the structure of the forearc. The geometry
of the rupture plane is illustrated between these two sections. The subducted
topographic anomaly which lies beneath the coastal ranges at around 36°S disrupts
the regular megathrust interface; however, we cannot tell whether it is still fully
coupled to the downgoing plate. The red star denotes the hypocentral location of
the mainshock. White lines along the interface show the coseismic slip distribution
(Moreno et al., 2012).
Ch(%e+ 7
ANATOMY OF A MEGATHRUST: THE
2010 M8.8 MAULE, CHILE EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE VONE IMAGED USING SEISMIC
TOMOGRAPHY
Th! )h(%e+ ! +*$ ( (e+ "#!he& !' Earth and PlanetaryScience etters 4E')*"+e =5. The (e+ ( ())e%e& *+"#!)(%!*' *' A"3"% 2, 201 ('& "#!he& *' N*/e$#e+ 1,201. A"%h*+ (+e S%ehe' H!)6 4$(!' ("%h*+5, A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6
8
![Page 86: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 86/228
4U'!/e+!% * L!/e+**5, I(#ee R&e+ 4U'!/e+!% * L!/e+**5,Ch(*>Sh!'3 Lee 4N(%!*'( T(!(' O)e(' U'!/e+!%5 ('& M(%%heM!e+ 4U'!/e+!&(& &e C*')e)!X'5. The S"e$e'%(+ I'*+$(%!*'* %he "#!he& (e+ ! !')*+*+(%e& !'%* %he $(!' #*& * %h!)h(%e+. The +e"% * %h! (e+ e+e &!e$!'(%e& %h+*"3h (
+e +ee(e ('& +e*+%e& # e/e+( *'!'e 'e (3e')!e4E')*"+e 5. Th! +ee(+)h ( %he +!$(+ *)" * $ PhD+*e)% &"+!'3 Z" 2012 A+! 201. The (!$ * %h! %"& ( %*$(6e ( $*+e &e%(!e& !$(3e * %he /e*)!% %+")%"+e *+ %he M("e+"%"+e *'e 4Ke A!$ 15 )*$(+e& %* %h(% +ee'%e& !' Ch(%e+F*"+. I'%e(& * "!'3 ("%*$(%!)( &e%e+$!'e& *'e% %!$e, e"e ( h!3he+ -"(!% e% * $('"( &e%e+$!'e& *'e% %!$e.F"+%he+$*+e, e %(6e *#e+/(%!*' +*$ *)e('>#*%%*$e!$*$e%e+ &e*$e'% %* !')+e(e %he !$(3!'3 )((#!!% * %he$(+!'e *+e(+). U!'3 %h! $*+e &e%(!e& $*&e, e (+e (#e %*$(6e !'%e++e%(%!*' (#*"% %he %+")%"+e * %he "#&")%!'3 (%e!'%e+()e ('& */e++!&!'3 *+e(+), +*/!&!'3 !'e+e')e *' %he (%he (Je)% $e3(%h+"% &'($!).
P"#!he& (e+ (#%+()%
K'*e&3e * e!$!) /e*)!%!e !' %he e!$*3e'!) (+% *"#&")%!*' *'e )(' +e/e( h* h!)( %+")%"+e $( !'@"e')e(+3e +"%"+e. O#e+/(%!*' * (%e+h*)6 %h(% **e& %he 2010Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e (* (' e;)e%!*'( &(%(e% %*e;($!'e %he h!)( +*e+%!e * ( $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e *'e. <e$('"( ('(e (%e+h*)6 +*$ *'h*+e e!$!) %(%!*' ('&*)e('>#*%%*$ e!$*$e%e+ %* &e+!/e ( =>D /e*)!% $*&e * %he+"%"+e *'e "!'3 *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h. F+*$ %he %+e')h%* %he $(3$(%!) (+), *"+ /e*)!% $*&e !"$!'(%e %he $(!'e(%"+e !%h!' %he "#&")%!*' *'e. <e !'%e++e% (' e(%>&!!'3h!3h P>(/e /e*)!% ('*$( 4 . 6$5 ( %he "#&")%!'3*)e('!) )+"% ('& ( * P>(/e /e*)!% 4^ .27 6$5 !' %he $(+!'e*+e(+) ( %he ())+e%!*'(+ )*$e;. <e ?'& %* (+3e P>(/e/e*)!% ('*$(!e 4.8 6$5 #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e. Thee/e*)!%!e !'&!)(%e (' "%+($(?) )*$*!%!*', *!# +e(%e& %*
e;%e'!*' ('& ( $('%e "e!'3 &"+!'3 %he T+!(!).<e (e %he +*e (e& # h!)( he%e+*3e'e!% !' 3*/e+'!'3$e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+. G+e(%e% ! &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e*))"++e& !' (+e( * $*&e+(%e P>(/e /e*)!% 4.7.7 6$5,he+e %he !'%e+()e ! %+")%"+( $*+e "'!*+$. A% h(* &e%h,h!3h @"!& +e"+e !6e !'@"e')e& %he ">&! !$!% * e!$!)()%!/!%. The h!3h /e*)!% #*&!e !e (#*/e *+%!*' * %he (%e!'%e+()e he+e %he+e ( +e&")e& )*e!$!) ! ('& $!'!$(*%e!$!) ()%!/!%. The '*+%he+' /e*)!% ('*$( $( h(/e ()%e&( ( %+")%"+( &!)*'%!'"!% !%h!' %he *+e(+), !'@"e')!'3 %he+*'*"')e& )+"%( e!$!)!% !' %he P!)h!e$" +e3!*'. O"+ *+6
+*/!&e e/!&e')e *+ h* %he (')!e'% 3e**3!)( %+")%"+e * %he*+e(+) $( !'@"e')e %he e!$!) #eh(/!*"+ * "#&")%!*'
87
![Page 87: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 87/228
$e3(%h+"%.
7.1I'%+*&")%!*'U'&e+%('&!'3 %he h!)( +*)ee %h(% )*'%+* %he #eh(/!*"+ *"#&")%!*' *'e $e3(%h+"% ("% +e$(!' *'e * %he $(!' 3*(
!' e(+%h-"(6e e!$**3. The )*')e%"( "#&")%!*' *'e (e+!%$*&e 4L( ('& K('($*+!, 1815 ( &e/e*e& %* e;(!' %he!'h*$*3e'e*" $*$e'% +ee(e * (+3e e(+%h-"(6e. Ae+!%!e(+e +e3!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e %h(% +*&")e %he %+*'3e% !,he+e( #(++!e+ !'h!#!% +"%"+e. R*"3h'e *' %he &*'3*!'3(%e, ")h ( e($*"'% )(' ()% ( e!%he+ (e+!%!e 4e.3.A#e+)+*$#!e e% (., 20015 *+ #(++!e+ 4e.3. K*&(!+( e% (., 2005.A%e+'(%!/e, e(%"+e !%h!' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e, ")h ( )+"%(#(%h*!%h 4S*#!e!(6 e% (., 2005, *+e(+) #(!' 4F"e+ e% (.,200 S*'3 ('& S!$*', 200=5 ('& ("% 4e.3. A"&!' e% (., 20085 )(' (* !'@"e')e +"%"+e #eh(/!*"+. B(e& *' %he e!$!))h(+()%e+!%!) * $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e, L( e% (. 420125 "#&!/!&e %he (%e !'%e+()e ("% !'%* ?/e &!%!')% &e%h &*$(!'.K'*e&3e * ("% +*e+%!e )*"& +e/e( h(% 3*/e+' %h!$e3(%h+"% e3$e'%(%!*' ('& %he h!)( *+!3!' * (e+!%!e ('&#(++!e+.P(!/e e!$!) !$(3!'3 )(' he& !3h% *' ("% *'e %+")%"+e.H*e/e+, $(' "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"% !e *Jh*+e, he+e e!$!)!'%+"$e'%(%!*' ! &e?)!e'%. Th! "'e/e' %(%!*' )*/e+(3e +e&")e!$(3!'3 )((#!!% ('& )(' )("e %he $!*)(%!*' * *Jh*+ee(+%h-"(6e. <!%h !% )*(%!'e !'3 ^ 100 6$ %* %he %+e')h !'
()e, %he )e'%+( Ch!e $(+3!' 4F!3"+e 7.15, ! (' !&e( '(%"+((#*+(%*+ %* %"& %he "#&")%!*' !'%e+()e.I' 2010, (' Mw 8.8 e(+%h-"(6e %+")6 %he M("e +e3!*' * )e'%+(Ch!e. A%e+ %he e(+%h-"(6e, ( &e'e e!$*$e%e+ 'e%*+6 (&e*e& *' %he *+e(+) %* +e)*+& (%e+h*)6 4e.3. R!e%#+*)6 e% (.,20125. F*+%"'(%e, %he *'h*+e 'e%*+6 ( (%e+ "e$e'%e& #*)e('>#*%%*$ e!$*$e%e+ 4OBS5 &e*$e'%, &+($(%!)(!$+*/!'3 %(%!*' )*/e+(3e 4F!3"+e 7.25. S%"&!e * +ee!$!)*)6!'3 4e.3. M*+e'* ('& R*e'(", 20105, %he )*e!$!) +"%"+e4e.3. M*+e'* e% (., 20125 ('& *%e!$!) &e*+$(%!*' 4e.3. Y. N.L!' e% (., 201=5 &e)+!#e %he #eh(/!*"+ * %he M("e $e3(%h+"% (%
&!Je+e'% %(3e * %he e!$!) ))e. Th! #eh(/!*"+ "33e% %h(%(%!( /(+!(%!*' !' h!)( +*e+%!e )*"& e;!% !' %he ("% *'e.
The "+*e * *"+ %"& ! %* &e%e)% h!)( he%e+*3e'e!% (*'3%he M("e $e3(%h+"% "!'3 e!$!) %*$*3+(h. I' *"+ +e!$!'(+%*$*3+(h!) %"& * %he +"%"+e *'e #(e& *' ("%*$(%!)(&e%e+$!'e& P> ('& S>(/e (++!/( %!$e 4Ch(%e+ F*"+5, e!&e'%!?e& ( (+3e e!$!) /e*)!% ('*$( !'3 (*'3 %he (%e!'%e+()e. Th! %"& "e& *#e+/(%!*' +*$ *'h*+e %(%!*' *',+e"%!'3 !' +e&")e& *Jh*+e !$(3!'3 )((#!!%. T* #"!& *' %h!*+6, e $('"( ('(e *'e% %!$e ('& !')*+*+(%e OBS
*#e+/(%!*' %* &e+!/e ( $*+e &e%(!e& =>D /e*)!% $*&e * %he+"%"+e *'e. <e e;($!'e %he -"(!% * *"+ /e*)!% $*&e #
8
![Page 88: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 88/228
('(!'3 %he +e*"%!*' $(%+!; ('& # %e%!'3 )h(+()%e+!%!)$*&e. <e )*$(+e (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!% %+")%"+e !%h#eh(/!*"+ &"+!'3 %he e!$!) ))e, +*/!&!'3 /("(#e !'!3h% !'%*%he h!)( *+!3!' * (e+!%!e ('& #(++!e+.
7.2Ch(+()%e+!%!) * %he )e'%+( Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'eA*'3 %he Ce'%+( Ch!e(' $(+3!', e(+%h-"(6e (+e &+!/e' #"#&")%!*' * %he N()( (%e #e'e(%h %he S*"%h A$e+!)(' (%e (%( +(%e * $$+ 4e.3. DeMe% e% (., 20105. L(+3e e(+%h-"(6e+"%"+e (*'3 %he $(+3!' %e'& %* *))"+ !%h!' h!3h>)*"e&e3$e'% 4M%*! e% (., 20125. <e *)" *' %he M("e e3$e'%,h!)h ! &e$(+)(%e& # %he M*)h( B*)6 %* %he *"%h ('& %he Z"('Fe+''&e R!&3e %* %he '*+%h 4C*'%+e+(>Ree e% (., 201=5. TheM("e e3$e'% (% " +"%"+e& &"+!'3 %he 3+e(% 18=7
C*')e)!X' e(+%h-"(6e ('& ( +e)*3'!e& ( ( $(%"+e e!$!)3( 4e.3. R"e33 e% (., 2005.A)%!/e> ('& (!/e>*"+)e e!$!) %"&!e h(/e e%(#!he& %he&ee "#"+()e %+")%"+e !' (+% * %he M("e e3$e'%. The 6$%h!)6 *)e('!) )+"% "#&")% (% (' ('3e * #e'e(%h %he %+e')h4C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 2008 M*)** e% (., 20115, %eee'!'3 %*17 #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e 4e.3. H(#e+('& e% (., 200 H(e e%(., 20125. The $(+!'e *+e(+) )*$+!e %* &*$(!': %he +*'%(())+e%!*'(+ +!$ ('& %he ((e*>())+e%!*'(+ )*$e; 4*"%e+e&3e5, 4e.3. C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 20085. The )*'%!'e'%( M*h*!'%e+e)% %he "#&")%!'3 (%e #e'e(%h %he e(%e+' )*(%( +('3eh*e/e+, !% e;()% *!%!*' ! &e#(%e&. B(e& *' *"+ +e!$!'(+%*$*3+(h!) $*&e +ee'%e& !' %he +e)e&!'3 )h(%e+, e!'%e++e%e& %he (#>$('%e !'%e+e)%!*' %* !e (% 70 6$ &e%h,!$!(+ %* %h(% e%!$(%e& *"%h * %he M("e e3$e'% 4e.3.H(#e+('& e% (., 2005. C*'/e+e, D(''*6! e% (. 4201=5 *%"(%e %h(% #(e& *' +e)e!/e+ "')%!*', %he !'%e+e)%!*' !e (%=8 6$ &e%h !' %he M("e e3$e'%. F"+%he+ e(%, %he )*'%!'e'%()+"% %h!' %* =0 6$, &e?'!'3 %he "'&e+!'3 (+)h>h(e&, h!3h/e*)!% )*'%!'e'%( $('%e 4e.3. H(#e+('& e% (., 2005. I' Ch(%e+F*"+, e *"'& ( h!3h v p ('*$( *' %he (%e !'%e+()e #e'e(%h
%he )*(% (% =S %h(% ( !'%e++e%e& ( ( "#&")%e& e($*"'%.
8
![Page 89: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 89/228
Figure 5.1: Geotectonic characteristics and simplified geological map of the
central Chilean margin. Morphotectonic units are from Glodny et al. (2007) and
the geological is map redrawn after Sernageomin (2003), Melnick and Echtler
(2006a) and Vásquez et al. (2011). The red box in the inset map gives the location
of the study area. Labels show the names of the locations referred to in this
chapter.
88
![Page 90: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 90/228
The 3e**3 * %he )*(%( )*+&!e+( 4F!3"+e 7.15 e')*$(e ((%e>P((e**!) (!+e& !'%+"!/e>$e%($*+h!) #e% !%h %* e+!e * $e%(e&!$e'% 4e.3. M(+%!' e% (., 15. The <e%e+' Se+!e)*'%!%"%e *>3+(&e $e%(($$*e!%!) +*)6 !%h !'%e+)((%!*'* $e%(#(!%e &e+!/e& +*$ (' (')!e'% ())+e%!*'(+ +!$. A*'3
%he e(%e+' )*(%( )*+&!e+(, (%e P((e**!) 3+('!%e #(%h*!%h!'%+"&e %he E(%e+' Se+!e. The )*$*!%!*' * %hee 3+('!%e!'&!)(%e ( h(*, )+"%(>&e+!/e& *"+)e 4L")(e' e% (., 2005.A%h*"3h %hee P((e**!) +*)6 &*$!'(%e %he "+()e 3e**3,*"%)+* * T+!(!) "%*' !e (*'3 %he )*(%!'e. S*$e * %hee!'%+"!*' )*'%(!' ((!%e, !'&!)(%!'3 ( $('%e>&e+!/e& $(3$(%!)*"+)e 4-"e ('& F+(', 20085. The !'%+"!*' e+e e$()e&he' %he $(+3!' ( "'&e+3*!'3 *%>*+*3e'!) )*(e ('& +!%!'3,$(+6!'3 %he %+('!%!*'( e+!*& #e%ee' G*'&('(' ($(3($(%!*'('& )*'%e$*+(+ A'&e('>%e "#&")%!*' 4-"e e% (., 20115.
7.=The 2010 M("e e(+%h-"(6eO' Fe#+"(+ 2, 2010, (' Mw 8.8 e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e& ( 700 6$*'3 *+%!*' * %he M("e e3$e'%. The e(+%h-"(6e '")e(%e&*Jh*+e, 27 6$ +*$ %he )*(%!'e 4F!3"+e 7.25, 4H(e e% (., 201=5.C*e!$!) ! $*&e *+ %he +"%"+e h* %h(% $*% (%e!'%e+()e ! *))"++e& (+*;!$(%e h(( #e%ee' %he %+e')h('& %he )*(%!'e. The $*&e "+%he+ +e/e( %h(% %* (e+!%!ee+e +"%"+e& &"+!'3 %he e(+%h-"(6e: *'e %* %he '*+%h, %he *%he+ %*%he *"%h * %he $(!'h*)6 e!)e'%+e 4F!3"+e 7.25. I' %h! )h(%e+,e +ee+ *' %* %he )*e!$!) ! $*&e * M*+e'* e% (. 420125
('& L!' e% (. 4201=5 !')e %hee (+e #(e& *' ( !&e +('3e *)*'%+(!'% 4Se)%!*' 1.1.25. B()6>+*e)%!*' * %eee!$!) (/e+e/e( %h(% h!3h +e-"e') +(&!(%!*' )($e +*$ ( &eee+ *+%!*' *%he ("%, * h!)h %he */e+( (%%e+' "33e% %+!33e+!'3 *'h!)( &!%!')% *+%!*' * $e3(%h+"% 4K!e+ ('& Ih!!, 20115.F**!'3 %he +"%"+e, $*% (%e+h*)6 *))"++e& (*'3 %he (%e!'%e+()e (% 10=7 6$ &e%h, !%h ( e)*'& #('& (% 07 6$&e%h 4L('3e e% (., 2012 R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125. I' Ch(%e+ F*"+,e h*e& %h(% %he +e"%!'3 3( !' e!$!)!% )*!')!&e !%h %he*)(%!*' * ( h!3h P>(/e /e*)!% ('*$(. A'*%he+ e(%"+e * %he(%e+h*)6 e-"e')e ( !'%e'e h(*, '*+$( ("%!'3
e!$!)!% !' %he '*+%h, 'e(+ P!)h!e$" 420125. Be&*+& e% (. 4201=5('& L!' e% (. 4201=5 !'&!)(%e %h(% $*% *%e!$!) &e*+$(%!*'( (e!$!)( +ee(e&, ("$e& %* #e (%e+!. Be&*+& e% (.4201=5 h* %h(% $*% (%e+! *))"++e& e((+& * %he )*(%!'eL!' e% (. 4201=5 "33e% $*% (%e+! *))"++e& ('&(+& * %he)*(%!'e.
7.Se!$!) &(%(
1.1.=Te$*+(+ e!$!) 'e%*+6
F**!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, %e($ +*$ Ch!e, %he US ('&
8
![Page 91: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 91/228
E"+*e !'%(e& e!$*$e%e+ !' %he +"%"+e (+e( %* +e)*+&(%e+h*)6 e!$!)!%. The I'%e+'(%!*'( M("e A%e+h*)6De*$e'% 4IMAD5 ! )*$*e& * 10 %h+ee>)*$*'e'%#+*(&#('& !'%+"$e'% *' %he )*'%!'e'%( *+e(+) 4F!3"+e 7.25. M*%%(%!*' e+e &e*e& !%h!' *'e $*'%h (%e+ %he e(+%h-"(6e.
S%(%!*' )*/e+(3e e(6e& #e%ee' A+! ('& Z"'e 2010, !%h $('%(%!*' ()%!/e "'%! Se%e$#e+ 2010. O'h*+e &(%( (*'e,h*e/e+, ! !'")!e'% *+ ())"+(%e !$(3!'3 %he *Jh*+e +e3!*',he+e $*% )*e!$!) ('& (%e+h*)6 ()%!/!% *))"++e&. F*+%"'(%e,(%e+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, UK ('& T(!('ee !'%!%"%!*' &e*e&%* e(+(%e OBS 'e%*+6 !' %he +"%"+e (+e( 4F!3"+e 7.25. The
T(!('ee &e*$e'% ! )*$*e& * 1 OBS !'%+"$e'% %h(%e+e !'!%!( ()%!/e +*$ 17%h Z" %* 8%h A"3"% 2010. The %(%!*'e+e %he' $*/e& '*+%h(+& !' ( e)*'& %(3e +*$ 1%h A"3"% %*%h Se%e$#e+. The UK &e*$e'% h(& 10 OBS !'%+"$e'%*Jh*+e * %he A+(")* Pe'!'"( +*$ A"3"% 2010 %* M(+)h 2011.
1.1.C(%(*3"e ee)%!*', *'e% %!$e ('& !'!%!( e/e'%*)(%!*'
F*+ ( e>+e*/e& %*$*3+(h $*&e, e +e-"!+e ( "'!*+$*"+)e>+e)e!/e+ &!%+!#"%!*' ()+* %he +"%"+e (+e( %* e'"+e %h(%+e*"%!*' ! e/e' %h+*"3h*"% %he $*&e. D"e %* %he "'e/e'(%e+h*)6 &!%+!#"%!*', e "e& ( e% * )+!%e+!( %* ee)% %he e/e'%&(%(e%. F+*$ (' ("%*$(%!) )(%(*3"e 4R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125, e?+% )h*e e/e'% !%h (+3e $(3'!%"&e 4Ml .05 * %h(% $('
)e(+ *'e% (+e +e)*+&e& %h+*"3h*"% %he 'e%*+6. Se)*'&, e"#&!/!&e& %he (+e( !'%* $(e+ 2700 6$2 #*)6 ('& ee)%e& ('e-"( '"$#e+ * e/e'% !' e()h, e'"+!'3 (' e/e' e/e'%&!%+!#"%!*'. Th!+&, e ee)%e& e/e'% %h(% e+e *)(%e& !%h!'e()h OBS 'e%*+6 &"+!'3 %he!+ *e+(%!*'( e+!*&. F*+%"'(%e,#*%h %he '*+%he+' ('& *"%he+' OBS 'e%*+6 e+e !$"%('e*"()%!/e *+ 17 &( 422081000105 %he+e*+e, ( ( ?'( %e,e )h*e e/e'% *)(%e& #e%ee' %hee %* 'e%*+6 &"+!'3 %h!%!$e.
0
![Page 92: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 92/228
Figure 5.2: Map of the Maule segment along the South Central Chile margin
coloured by bathymetry/topography. The main rupture characteristics of the
Maule earthquake are shown. The purple star shows the epicentre of the
mainshock (Hayes et al., 2013) and the blue contours represent coseismic slip
distribution (> 6 m) in 2 m intervals (Moreno et al., 2012). Triangles correspond
to seismic stations used in the velocity inversions. Black crosses indicate the
horizontal grid nodes used in the 3-D inversion and red circles show the
preliminary locations of 669 earthquakes used in the velocity inversions. Thick
black lines show the location of cross-sections that are shown in this chapter.
1
![Page 93: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 93/228
Thee )+!%e+!( +e"%e& !' (' !'!%!( )(%(*3"e * 10 e/e'%. <e$('"( &e%e+$!'e& *'e% %!$e * P> ('& S>(/e *+ %heee/e'% "!'3 %he SD[ *%(+e 4h%%:&*+ee.e).!/.()."6:8080&;5.B(e& *' *'e% %!$e "')e+%(!'%!e, e (!3'e& e()h *#e+/(%!*' (e!3h% ( **: <e!3h% 0 4^ 0.0 5 <e!3h% 1 40.00.10 5
<e!3h% 2 40.100.20 5 <e!3h% = 40.201.00 5 <e!3h% 4 1.00 5.U!'3 %hee *'e% %!$e, e *)(%e& %he e/e'% !'!&e %he *'e>&!$e'!*'( 41>D5 /e*)!% $*&e * H(#e+('& e% (. 42005 "!'3HYPO1PC 4<. H. K. Lee ('& (&e, 1875. <e +ee)%e& e/e'% !%h(' (!$"%h( $(;!$"$ (!$"%h( 3( 4GAP5 * 20 ('& !%hee+ %h(' 12 P>(/e ('& S>(/e *#e+/(%!*'. <e (* +ee)%e&( *#e+/(%!*' !%h e!3h% * = ('& . A!'3 %hee )+!%e+!(+e&")e& %he !'!%!( &(%(e% # , e(/!'3 ( h!3h>-"(!% )(%(*3"e* e/e'% 4F!3"+e 7.25, )*$+!!'3 =8,000 P>(/e ('& 1=,000 S>(/e *'e% %!$e.
7.7e*)!% !'/e+!*' %+(%e3<e "e& ( %(33e+e& /e*)!% !'/e+!*' )he$e 4e.3. C*!'3 e% (.,2012 H(#e+('& e% (., 2005 !' h!)h e !'/e+%e& *+ 1>D $*&e,**e& # ( )*(+e 2>D $*&e, ( ?'e 2>D $*&e, ('& ?'( ( =>D$*&e. S")h ( %+(%e3 e'"+e %h(% ( $**%h +e3!*'( /e*)!%$*&e !' %he %+e')h>e+e'&!)"(+ &!+e)%!*' )(' #e e%(#!he&!%h*"% /e*)!% (+%e()% 4+*$ %he 1>D $*&e5 !' **+ +e*/e&+e3!*', h!)h $( (Je)% e/e'% *)(%!*'. E%(#!h!'3 ( 2>D $*&e!%h +e!(#e e(+%h-"(6e *)(%!*' ! (' !$*+%('% %e #e*+e+e*/!'3 (' =>D 4%+e')h>(+(e5 /e*)!% /(+!(%!*'. A% e()h %e,
e )h*e &($!'3 /("e +*$ %+(&e>*J )"+/e * &(%( /(+!(')e/e+" $*&e )*$e;!% 4e.3. E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 185. The!'/e+!*' (+($e%e+ "e& (% e()h %(3e (+e "$$(+!e& !' T(#e7.1.
1.1.71>D !'/e+!*'
<e ee)%e& e/e'% *)(%e& !'!&e %he 'e%*+6 4GAP ^ 1805,e(/!'3 2 e/e'% *+ %he 1>D !'/e+!*'. <e !'/e+%e& *+ P>(/e/e*)!% 4v p5 ('& S>(/e /e*)!% 4v s5 "!'3 ELEST 4K!!'3 e% (.,15. ELEST +e-"!+e %h(% ( %(%!*' (+e *)(%e& !%h!' %he
"e+$*% (e+. H*e/e+, %he 3+e(%e% %(%!*' ee/(%!*' ! 2.2 6$('& &eee% OBS %(%!*' !e 7. 6$ #e* e( e/e ( $*&e !%h(' 8 6$ %h!)6 "e+$*% (e+ ! !$+()%!)(. <e 'e3(%e& %h!+*#e$ # (&*%!'3 %he %+(%e3 * H"e' e% (. 415, e%%!'3%(%!*' ee/(%!*' %* e+* ('& (*!'3 %(%!*' %e+$ %* (#*+#%e$(%!) *'e% e++*+. <e 6e% %(%!*' &($!'3 * !' %he 1>D!'/e+!*' %* e'"+e %h(% !%e %e+$ ())*"'%e& *+ %(%!*' ee/(%!*'('& +e3!*'( 2>D /e*)!% /(+!(%!*'. F*+ %he 1>D !'/e+!*', e%e%e& 2000 !'!%!( $*&e %h(% e+e 3e'e+(%e& # +('&*$e+%"+#!'3 %he /e*)!% * e()h (e+ !' *"+ %(+%!'3 $*&e
4H(#e+('& e% (., 2005. I' e()h !'/e+!*', e "e& (v
pv
* 1.,( &e%e+$!'e& +*$ <(&(%! &!(3+($ ('(!. F+*$ %he 2000!'/e+!*', e ee)%e& %he $*&e !%h %he *e% +**% $e('
2
![Page 94: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 94/228
-"(+e +e!&"( ( *"+ #e% v p $*&e ('& %he' !'/e+%e& *+ ( 1>D v s $*&e.
Inersion step
Min.hori>.spacin
g ;$<
Min.ertic
al
spacing ;$<
?1Po.
een
ts
7a$ping
alues
P 7ataar.
#Pdataar.
σ* @ σ* @
Min. "7$odel
> 7 180 2v p: 100
v s: 100.= 10
0.= 10
0
*7coarse$odel
27 10 180 78
v p:10000
v pv s:===
.10 =1 .22 71
*7 Ane 1 8 210
v p: =000
v pv s:===
.10 28 .21 8
37$odel
1 8 210 v p: ===
v pv s: 0.0 12 .0 22
2inal 37$odelwith
stationcorr.
1 8 210
v p: ===
v pv s: 0
S%(%!*':100
.0 11 .08 20
Table 5.1: Summary of inversion parameters used at each step. GAP = minimum
azimuthal gap.
The #e%>?%%!'3 1>D $*&e 4F!3"+e 7.=(5 h( * v p * 7.1 6$ (%h(* &e%h, !')+e(!'3 %* .1 6$ (% 7 6$ &e%h. e*)!%!e *3+e(%e+ %h(' 6$ (+e +e()he& (% 20 6$ &e%h. The "e+$*%(e+ * %he $!'!$"$ 1>D $*&e ! **+ )*'%+(!'e& &"e %* %he()6 * h(* e/e'% ('& e;e)%e& /e*)!% %+")%"+e &!Je+e')e#e%ee' %he *Jh*+e ('& *'h*+e (+e(. e*)!%!e !' %he"e+$*% (e+ (+e 0.8 6$ *e+ %h(' %he $*&e * H(#e+('&e% (. 42005, ( +e"% * %he 3+e(%e+ ($*"'% * *Jh*+e*#e+/(%!*' !' *"+ %"&.
=
![Page 95: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 95/228
Figure 5.3: Results of the 1-D velocity model inversion. a) 1-D velocity models
showing the range of starting models, range of inverted models (grey shading), and
the preferred velocity model (red line). b) Map of 1-D station delay terms. The
reference station is indicated by the black triangle.
S%(%!*' &e( (+e !$*+%('% *+ 3e'e+(%!'3 ())"+(%e 1>D e/e'%*)(%!*' ! %he "#"+()e h( !3'!?)('% 2>D /e*)!% /(+!(%!*'.<e ?'& (+3e 'e3(%!/e &e( *+ #*%h P>(/e 4 >=.0 5 ('& S>(/e 4 >2. 5 (% OBS %(%!*' *)(%e& *Jh*+e * %he %+e')h (;!4F!3"+e 7.=#5. The P>(/e %(%!*' %e+$ !')+e(e %*(+& %he$(3$(%!) (+), !%h %(%!*' %he+e h(/!'3 %he (+3e% P>(/e &e(
![Page 96: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 96/228
4^ 1. 5. The+e ! (* ( %+e')h>(+(e /(+!(%!*' !' *'h*+e P>(/e%(%!*' %e+$, !%h /("e $*+e *!%!/e %*(+& %he *"%h. I')*'%+(%, S>(/e &e( (+e (+3e ('& *!%!/e (% %(%!*' *' %he)*'%!'e'%( he 4" %* 2. 5. The %e$(%!) %+e')h>e+e'&!)"(+/(+!(%!*' !' %(%!*' &e( $(!' +e"% +*$ &!!'3 %+")%"+e !'
%he "#"+()e, ('& %* ( ee+ e;%e'%, %(%!*' ee/(%!*' &!Je+e')e.
1.1.2>D ('& =>D %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*'
F*+ %he 2>D ('& =>D %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*', e "e& SIMUL20004E#e+h(+%>Ph!! ('& M!)h(e, 18 Th"+#e+, 18=5. Th! (3*+!%h$!$"%('e*" !'/e+% *+ e!$!) /e*)!% ('& h*)e'%+((+($e%e+ "!'3 (' !%e+(%!/e &($e& e(% -"(+e $e%h*& !%"e ( &!+e)% !'/e+!*' *+ v pv s %* ())*"'% *+ %he +e&")e& '"$#e+* h!3h>-"(!% S>(/e *#e+/(%!*' )*$(+e& %* P>(/e*#e+/(%!*'. e*)!%!e (+e !'/e+%e& *' ( +e)%('3"(+ 3+!& * '*&e
!%h !'e(+ B>!'e !'%e+*(%!*'. I' e()h !'/e+!*', e &!& '*%!'/e+% *+ %(%!*' )*++e)%!*' ('& 6e% h*)e'%+e ?;e& *+ %he ?+%%h+ee !%e+(%!*'.<e ?+% !'/e+%e& *+ ( )*(+e 2>D $*&e, !' h!)h ( =>D 3+!& ("e&, #"% /e*)!% '*&e !' %he (*'3>%+!6e &!+e)%!*' e+e 6e%?;e&, eJe)%!/e *+$!'3 ( 2>D !'/e+!*'. The 3+!& *+ 2>D !'/e+!*'h(& ( "'!*+$ h*+!*'%( 3+!& ()!'3 * 27 6$ ('& 10 6$ ()!'3!' &e%h. Be'e(%h %he *"%e+ +!e ('& %+e')h, e !'6e& /e+%!)((&()e'% '*&e (% &e%h * 17 6$ *+ 3+e(%e+ &"e %* &!$!'!he& +()*/e+(3e. L!'6!'3 '*&e 4Th"+#e+ ('& E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, 15
(* *+ )*(+e+ '*&e ()!'3 !' (+% * %he $*&e. <!%h*"%!'6!'3 '*&e, e *"'& %h(% %he !'/e+!*' !'%+*&")e& * /e*)!%(+%e()% !' %h! (+% * %he $*&e, #!(!'3 e(+%h-"(6e &e%h#e'e(%h %he *"%e+ +!e. F*+ %he ?'e 2>D ('& =>D !'/e+!*', e "e&( $!'!$"$ h*+!*'%( 3+!& ()!'3 * 1 6$ ('& ( $!'!$"$/e+%!)( ()!'3 * 8 6$. F*+ %he =>D !'/e+!*', e !'%+*&")e& ( e%* '*&e !' %he %+e')h>(+(e &!+e)%!*', e()h 77 6$ ((+%,+*/!&!'3 1= '*&e %* !$(3e /e*)!% /(+!(%!*' !' %he %+e')h>(+(e &!+e)%!*' 4F!3"+e 7.25. Thee '*&( ()!'3 (* *+ ( ?'e++e*"%!*' !$(3e %h(' %h(% * *"+ %*$*3+(h!) $*&e +ee'%e& !'Ch(%e+ F*"+.
F*+ %he )*(+e 2>D !'/e+!*', e "e& e/e'% !'!&e %he 'e%*+64GAP ^ 1805 %* e%(#!h %he $(!' /e*)!% %+")%"+e. N*'e%hee,( %e% h*e& %h(% he' %he )*e% %(%!*' e+e *)(%e& $*+e%h(' 0 6$ +*$ (' e(+%h-"(6e, !% &e%h ( **+ )*'%+(!'e&.
Th! ?'&!'3 ( !$*+%('% *+ e/e'% *)(%e& !' #e%ee' %he %*OBS 'e%*+6 4Che' e% (., 182 F+*h!)h e% (., 1825. The+e*+e,e *' )h*e e/e'% %h(% h(& %he!+ )*e% %* %(%!*' (% ('e!)e'%+( &!%(')e * e %h(' 0 6$. Thee )+!%e+!( +e"%e& !' ()(%(*3"e * 78 e/e'% *+ %he )*(+e 2>D !'/e+!*'. O')e %he$(!' /e*)!% %+")%"+e ( e%(#!he&, e "#e-"e'% +e(;e&%he %(%!*' &!%+!#"%!*' 4GAP ^ 2105 *+ %he ?'e 2>D !'/e+!*' %*!$+*/e +( )*/e+(3e (% %he e&3e * %he 3+!&.
T* !$+*/e %he (%e+( !$(3!'3 )((#!!% * *"+ !'/e+!*', e
7
![Page 97: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 97/228
(!e& (' e;%+( $**%h!'3 %e)h'!-"e. <e e+*+$e& %*(&&!%!*'( !'/e+!*', e()h h!%!'3 %he h*+!*'%( '*&e *)(%!*' #( %h!+& * %he '*&( ()!'3, ('& )()"(%!'3 %he (/e+(3e /e*)!% * %hee. F*+ %he =>D !'/e+!*', e (* )(++!e& *"% %h! (/e+(3!'3 !'%he %+e')h>(+(e &!+e)%!*'. S")h (' (/e+(3!'3 %e)h'!-"e h( #ee'
"e& !' *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h %"&!e 4e.3. C*!'3 e% (.,2012 e.3. H(#e+('& e% (., 2005.
7.I'/e+!*' +e*"%!*'
1.1.Re*"%!*' %e%
O"+ ?+% +e*"%!*' %e% *)"e& *' %he " $*&e +e*"%!*' $(%+!;4MRM5. N*&e !%h 3**& +( )*/e+(3e h(/e (+3e &!(3*'(ee$e'% * %he MRM. N*&e !%h **+ )*/e+(3e h(/e $(&!(3*'( ee$e'% * %he MRM &"e %* %he!+ &ee'&e') *''e!3h#*"+!'3 3+!& *!'%. Th! eJe)% ! 6'*' ( $e(+!'3. <ee%!$(%e& %he $(3'!%"&e * $e(+!'3 # )()"(%!'3 %he +e(&"')%!*' 4SF5, h!)h (ee %he +(%!* #e%ee' *J>&!(3*'( ('&&!(3*'( %e+$ 4T**$e ('& F*"3e+, 185. T* ())"+(%e /!"(!e%he &!+e)%!*' ('& !e * $e(+!'3 * '*&e, e )*'%*"+e& e()h +** %he MRM (% %he 0 /("e * !% )*++e*'&!'3 &!(3*'( ee$e'%.A ('*%he+ +e*"%!*' %e%, e ('(e& %he e'!%!/!% * *"+/e*)!% $*&e %* %he e/e'% )(%(*3"e e ()h!e/e& %h! #e+*+$!'3 ( #**%%+( +e($!'3. C*$(+e& %* *+$( MRM('(!, #**%%+( +e($!'3 ! "e" #e)("e '*!e !
!'%+!'!)( )*'%(!'e& !%h!' %he &(%(e%. C(/e+% e% (. 420005 "33e% %h(% ")h e/e'%>#(e& +e($!'3 h*"& +*&")e !$!(++e"% %* +e($!'3 !'&!/!&"( !)6. <e +('&*$ +e($e& %hee/e'% )(%(*3"e, *+$!'3 ( )(%(*3"e * 7=0 e/e'% 480 * *"+*+!3!'( )(%(*3"e5. O')e %he 7=0 e/e'% e+e )h*e', e+('&*$ )h*e &"!)(%e e/e'%, e'"+!'3 %he )(%(*3"e ( *%he ($e !e ( *+ %he ()%"( !'/e+!*' 478 e/e'%5. U!'3 %he($e !'/e+!*' *+6@*, %he /e*)!% $*&e e+e %he' %*+e& ('&%he +*)e +ee(%e& 100 %!$e.A ( ?'( (e$e'% * !$(3!'3 )((#!!%, e )(++!e& *"%+e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e%. B &e!3'!'3 '%he%!) /e*)!% $*&e,
e (ee& %he )(()!% * *"+ &(%(e% %* +e*/e %he 3e*$e%+('& ($!%"&e * /e*)!% ('*$(!e. <e )()"(%e& '%he%!) %+(/e%!$e "!'3 %he %+"e *"+)e>+e)e!/e+ 3e*$e%+. T* +e@e)% %he %+"e-"(!% * *"+ *#e+/(%!*', G("!(' '*!e ( (&&e& %* %he %+(/e%!$e !%h ( %('&(+& &e/!(%!*' &ee'&!'3 *' *'e% %!$e"')e+%(!'%!e 40.00.20 Se)%!*' 7..25. <e %he' !'/e+%e& %he%+(/e %!$e "!'3 %he ($e *+6@* * *"+ +e( !'/e+!*'. <e&e!3'e& %he '%he%!) /e*)!% $*&e !%h %* *#e)%!/e !' $!'&.F!+%, e e;($!'e& he%he+ *"+ !'/e+!*' )*"& )*'%+(!' %he3e*$e%+ ('& ($!%"&e * h!3h /e*)!% #*&!e !'3 (*'3 %he
(%e !'%e+()e %h(% e !&e'%!?e& !' Ch(%e+ F*"+. Se)*'&, e%e%e& he%he+ e )*"& +e*/e (%e+( /(+!(%!*' * v pv s !' %he"#&")%!'3 *)e('!) )+"%. O"+ !'"% $*&e (* )*$+!e& %he $(!'
![Page 98: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 98/228
&*$(!' * %he Ce'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e !&e'%!?e& !' Ch(%e+F*"+ ('& +*$ e(+!e+ %"&!e 4e.3. H(#e+('& e% (., 2005. The ?'(=>D $*&e "e& ( !'"% *+ %he +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e% ! h*' !'F!3"+e 7. 4v p5 ('& F!3"+e 7.7 4v pv s5.
1.1.82>D $*&e +e*"%!*'MRM ('(! * %he 2>D v p $*&e 4F!3"+e 7.(5 h* %h(% $*%'*&e h(/e (+3e &!(3*'( ee$e'% ('& $$e%+!) +e*"%!*'6e+'e. Th! ?'&!'3 !'&!)(%e %h(% !' $*% (+%, %he $*&e ! e+e*/e& " %* %he %+e')h ('& &*' %* &e%h * 800 6$ #e'e(%h%he Ce'%+( De+e!*'. C*$(+e& %* *"+ %*$*3+(h!) $*&e !'Ch(%e+ F*"+, %he !')"!*' * OBS &(%( &+($(%!)( !$+*/e!$(3!'3 +e*"%!*' * %he $(+!'e *+e(+). Be'e(%h %he $(3$(%!)(+), (% &e%h * 200 6$, &!(3*'( ee$e'% (+e $( !%h (+3e('& e*'3(%e +e*"%!*' )*'%*"+, !'&!)(%!'3 **+ +e*"%!*'.
Re*"%!*' ! (* **+ e% * %he %+e')h, #e'e(%h %he *"%e+ +!e.
![Page 99: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 99/228
Figure 5.4: (left) Synthetic 3-D v p input model and (right) corresponding inversion
results for the restoring resolution test. Locations of the five cross-sections are shown
in Figure 5.2. Black crosses indicate inversion nodes and white dots show the
locations of the 669 earthquakes used. The thick grey line gives regions of the model
with good resolution. Areas with reduced resolution are faded; regions with no
resolution are left blank. The location of the coastline is denoted by the white triangle.
8
![Page 100: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 100/228
Figure 5.5: (left) Synthetic 3-D v p / vs input model and (right) correspondinginversion results for the restoring resolution test. Locations of the five trench-
perpendicular cross-sections are shown in Figure 5.2. White dots indicate the
locations of the 669 earthquakes used in the tomographic inversion. In cross-
section B-B’, we include a low v p / vs anomaly in the subducting oceanic
lithosphere; the inversion is not able to fully recover this anomaly.
F+*$ %he +e"% * %he #**%%+(!'3 %e% 4F!3"+e 7.5, v p ! e)*'%+(!'e& %h+*"3h*"% %he $*&e 4A vp ^ 0.01 6$5, !'&!)(%!'3 %h(%%he $*&e ! !'e'!%!/e %* %he e/e'% ee)%!*' )+!%e+!(. O/e+(, %he
)*'%!'e'%( *+e(+) 4100 6$ &e%h5 ! %he #e%>+e*/e& (+% *%he 2>D v p $*&e. The +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e% !'&!)(%e %h(% %he!e * +e*/e& e(%"+e /(+!e !%h &e%h &"e %* %he !++e3"(+*"+)e>+e)e!/e+ &!%+!#"%!*'. F*+ e;($e, e (+e "'(#e %*")!e'% +e*/e ( %h!' * /e*)!% %+")%"+e (% 7080 6$ &e%h,")h ( %h(% !$(3e& (% %he #(e * %he )*'%!'e'%( $('%e #H(#e+('& e% (. 42005. Th! **+ +e*"%!*' (% 3+e(%e+ &e%h !&"e %* %he ()6 * !'%e+$e&!(%e &e%h (%e+h*)6 #e'e(%h %heCe'%+( De+e!*' ('& $(3$(%!) (+) 4F!3"+e 7.25.F*+ %he 2>D v pv s $*&e, SF /("e (+e h!3he+ ('& +e*"%!*' 6e+'e(+e (+3e+ %h(' !' %he v p $*&e 4F!3"+e 7.#5. Th! ! !6e &"e %**"+ &(%(e% )*$+!!'3 ee+ S>(/e %h(' P>(/e*#e+/(%!*', ('& ee+ S>(/e *#e+/(%!*' (% (+3e+ e!)e'%+(
![Page 101: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 101/228
&!%(')e. S*$e /e+%!)( $e(+!'3 ! +ee'% (% h(* ('& &ee'*&e #e'e(%h %he $(+!'e *+e(+), #"% */e+(, %he e>+e*/e&(+e( (+e )*$(+(#e %* %h(% * %he v p $*&e 4F!3"+e 7.5. The$(;!$"$ A vp$vs ! 0.0 4F!3"+e 7.5.B(e& *' %he )*$#!'e& !'%e++e%(%!*' * +e"% +*$ *"+ +e*"%!*'
%e%, SF /("e * e %h(' 2.1 ('& .2 +e+ee'% e>+e*/e&(+e( !' %he 2>D v p ('& v pv s $*&e, +ee)%!/e. L(%e+(, e (+e(#e %* +e*/e %he "#&")%!'3 *)e('!) !%h*he+e +*$ %he %+e')h%* 80 6$ &e%h #e'e(%h %he $(3$(%!) (+). B*%h %he $(+!'e ('&)*'%!'e'%( *+e(+) (+e e +e*/e&.
Figure 5.6: Resolution estimate of the 2-D velocity model based on analysis of the
MRM. Black crosses indicate the location of inversion nodes. The different colours
surrounding each node represent the SF value. The black circles show diagonal
elements of the resolution matrix. Green lines represent the 70% contour line of the
resolution kernel. The coastline is given by the black triangle.
100
![Page 102: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 102/228
Figure 5.7: Results of the bootstrap-resampling test showing the spatial
distribution of velocity standard deviation in the 2-D model. The coastline is given
by the black triangle.
1.1.=>D $*&e +e*"%!*'
F+*$ %he +e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e% 4F!3"+e 7.5, %he =>D !'/e+!*' !
(#e %* ())"+(%e +e)*/e+ %he h(e ('& ($!%"&e * %he !'"%('*$(!e. I' %he )*'%!'e'%( $('%e, v p ! */e+e%!$(%e& # 1=('& /e*)!%!e !' %he h(* $(+!'e *+e(+) (+e =0 %** (%.A$!%"&e * h!3h /e*)!% ('*$(!e !' %he "#&")%!'3 )+"% (+ee +e)*/e+e&. L!6e!e, *+ v pv s, %he !'/e+!*' ! (#e %* +e)*/e+$*% e(%"+e * %he !'"% $*&e, #"% ! '*% (#e %* " +e)*/e+(%)he * h!3h v pv s !' %he "#&")%!'3 !%h*he+e 4F!3"+e 7.75. I'%he Ce'%+( De+e!*', h(* $(+!'e *+e(+) ('& )*'%!'e'%($('%e, v pv s /("e (+e e;(33e+(%e& # (+*"'& 2.MRM ('(! * %he =>D $*&e 4F!3"+e 7.85 h* %h(% %he e>+e*/e& (+e( !' e()h )+*>e)%!*' ! !$!(+ %* %h(% * %he 2>D v p
$*&e. N*&e !' %he *"%he+'$*% )+*>e)%!*' h(/e %+*'3$e(+!'3 #e'e(%h %he $(3$(%!) (+). The *Jh*+e +e3!*' ! **++e*/e& (% =S &"e %* %he ()6 * OBS )*/e+(3e %he+e. I' %he'*+%h, h*e/e+, '*&e (+e e +e*/e& " %* %he %+e')h &"e %*&e'e+ OBS )*/e+(3e. A*'3 %he *'h*+e *+e(+), +e*"%!*' ! #e%!' %he '*+%h he+e %he+e ! (#"'&('% )+"%( e!$!)!%. A%h*"3h !%+e*"%!*' ! *e+, v pv s ('*$(!e (+e +e( 4( h*' # %he+e%*+!'3 +e*"%!*' %e%5 #"% ('*$(!e )*"& #e (/e+(3e& */e+ (&!%(')e 3+e(%e+ %h(' %he '*&e ()!'3 4E#e+h(+%>Ph!! e% (.,20075. O/e+(, SF /("e * e %h(' 2.1 !'&!)(%e 3**& +e*"%!*' !'%he =>D v p $*&e. The +e*/!'3 )((#!!% * %he =>D v pv s $*&e !!$!(+ %* %h(% * %he v p $*&e, !%h SF /("e * e %h(' .1!'&!)(%!'3 3**& +e*"%!*'.
101
![Page 103: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 103/228
Figure 5.8: Resolution estimate of our 3-D velocity model based on analysis of theMRM. Features are plotted in the same way as Figure 5.6. Locations of the five
cross-sections are shown in Figure 5.2.
7.Re"% ('& &!)"!*'
1.1.10 De)+!%!*' ('& !'%e++e%(%!*' * /e*)!%$*&e
The 2>D $*&e ! h*' *' ( )+*>e)%!*' !' F!3"+e 7.. The =>D$*&e ! &!(e& *' /e+%!)( ('& h*+!*'%( e)%!*' !' F!3"+e7.10 ('& 7.11, +ee)%!/e. Fe(%"+e &e)+!#e& !' %h! e)%!*')*++e*'& %* (#e !' %he ?3"+e.
102
![Page 104: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 104/228
Figure 5.9: 2-D velocity model plotted on a cross-section orientated
perpendicular to the trench. Crosses indicate grid nodes and white circles give the
2-D locations of events from the tomographic inversion. Based on analysis of the
MRM and the characteristic model tests, limits of well-resolved areas are given
by the thick grey line. Regions with diminished resolution are faded; unresolved
regions are left blank. Labels refer to the following features that are discussed in
the text: mf = marine forearc; oc = oceanic crust; cf = upper forearc crust; cd =
Central Depression; cm = continental mantle. The thick black line indicates the
location of our calculated plate interface. The purple star denotes the hypocentral
location of the Maule earthquake (Hayes et al., 2013). The location of the
coastline is denoted by the white triangle.
Subducting oceanic lithosphere The $*% +*$!'e'% e(%"+e * %he /e*)!% $*&e ! (' e(%>&!!'3 %+")%"+e !%h h!3h v p 4.8.0 6$5, 4(#ee& Woc95. Th!e(%"+e (* h( ( %+*'3 v p 3+(&!e'% ('& ee/(%e& v pv s * 1.801.874P*!*'9 +(%!* * 0.280.25 (*'3 %he $(!' #('& * e!$!)!%.
Thee /e*)!%!e (+e !' (3+ee$e'% !%h +e/!*" %"&!e !' %he (+e(4e.3. C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 2008 H(#e+('& e% (., 2005 ('&!'&!)(%!/e * e!%he+ h&+(%e& *)e('!) )+"%( $(%e+!( 4e.3. H()6e+('& A#e+, 2005 *+ h!3h *+e @"!& +e"+e. B(e& *' /e*)!%)*'%*"+ (*'e ('& %he h!3h v pv s ('*$(, e (+e "'(#e %* %+()e%he *)e('!) !%h*he+e %* &e%h * $*+e %h(' 70 6$, !'&!)(%!'3%h(% %he )+"% h( ( *e+ *+e +e"+e *+ ! e h&+(%e& (% %hee
&e%h. F+*$ *"+ %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e, e (+e "'(#e %* &e%e+$!'e%he e;()% *)(%!*' * %he *)e('!) M*h*. A"$!'3 ( 6$ %h!)6
10=
![Page 105: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 105/228
)+"% 4e.3. C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 20085, %he $!&>*e+ *)e('!)$('%e h( v p * .88.7 6$ ('& ( * v pv s * 1.01.4P*!*'9 +(%!* * 0.20.25, "33e%!'3 !% ! '*% h&+(%e&.
Marine forearc
The *Jh*+e *+e(+) +e3!*' 4(#ee& W#f 95 h( * v p 4.7.276$5 ('& ( h!3h v pv s * 1.2.2. The *)(%!*' * ")h /e*)!%!e !)*'!%e'% !%h e&!$e'% ('& $e%(>e&!$e'% !' %he +*'%( +!$('& *"%e+ e&3e, +ee)%!/e. Th! v pv s )*++e*'& %* ( P*!*'9+(%!* * 0.=10.=. T"! e% (. 420085 +e(%e ")h /("e %**/e++e"+e& e&!$e'% !' ( *+e +e"+e $*&e *+ %he N('6(!())+e%!*'(+ +!$. Be'e(%h %he )*(%!'e, ( %+*'3 h*+!*'%( v p 3+(&!e'% +e+ee'% %he #*"'&(+ #e%ee' %he *"%e+ e&3e ('&%he "e+ )*'%!'e'%( *+e(+). S%"&!e ?'& !$!(+ /e*)!%!e !' %he$(+!'e *+e(+) *"%h * %he M("e e3$e'% 4C*'%+e+( Ree e% (.,2008 H(#e+('& e% (., 2005 ('& !' *%he+ "#&")%!*' *'e
4C*!'3 e% (., 2012 Re'e+ e% (., 2005. O/e++e"+e& @"!&)*"& +e"% +*$ e!%he+ &eh&+(%!*' * %he *)e('!) )+"% 4e.3.K*&(!+( e% (., 2005 *+ %he $e)%!%e>!!%e %+('!%!*' (% 100170C4M**+e ('& S(Je+, 20015. B(e& *' ( %he+$( $*&e *+ S*"%hCe'%+( Ch!e 46e+ e% (., 20115, %he %e$e+(%"+e * %h! h(e%+('*+$(%!*' )*!')!&e !%h %he e(%(+& !$!% * %he +*'%(+!$.
Continental forearc The "e+ )*'%!'e'%( *+e(+) 4(#ee& Wcf 95 #e'e(%h %he C*(%(C*+&!e+( h( ( $*&e+(%e v p * 7.7.0 6$ ('& +e&")e& v pv s *1.1 4P*!*'9 +(%!* * 0.25, )*'!%e'% !%h ( 3+('!%!))*$*!%!*' 4Ch+!%e'e', 15. Th! !'%e++e%(%!*' ! "*+%e&# %he !&e+e(& *"%)+* * 3+('!%e ()+* %he C*(%( C*+&!e+(4F!3"+e 7.15 %h(% !6e e;%e'& %h+*"3h %he "e+ )+"% 4G+*d e% (.,20085. S")h /e*)!%!e )*"& (* )*++e*'& %* $e%(#(!%e ('&$e%(3+e()6e )*$*!%!*' * %he <e%e+' ('& E(%e+' Se+!e,+ee)%!/e 4Ch+!%e'e', 1 K+()6 e% (., 2005. I' %heh(* )+"% 4^ 10 6$ &e%h5, * v p 4^ 6$5 )*++e*'& %*e&!$e'% !' %he Ce'%+( De+e!*' 4(#ee& Wcd95.I' %he *e+ *+e(+), +*$!'e'% h!3h v p ('*$(!e 4.8.0 6$5 !e
#e'e(%h %he )*(% 4F!3"+e 7.10 ('& 7.115. O'e ! *)(%e& (% =S4he+e(%e+ )(e& %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$( (#ee& WC)95 %he *%he+%* %he '*+%h (% =S 4he+e(%e+ +ee++e& %* ( %he P!)h!e$"('*$( (#ee& WP)95. B(e& *' %he .7 6$ v p )*'%*"+, %heC*#-"e)"+( ('*$( ! " %* 0 6$ !&e ('& 20 6$ %h!)6,!'%e+e)%!'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e (% !% #(e. Th! ('*$( +e+ee'%( !3'!?)('% /e*)!% !')+e(e * 8 +e(%!/e %* %he !'"% 2>D $*&e.
The $(e+ P!)h!e$" ('*$( !e "+%he+ (#*/e %he (%e!'%e+()e. C+")!(, #*%h ('*$(!e h(/e ( !3h% ee/(%e& v pv s *1.81 4P*!*'9 +(%!* * 0.285 ('& ( %+*'3 *!%!/e !3'(%"+e !'%he *+e(+) B*"3"e+ 3+(/!% ?e&, he!'3 %* )*'%+(!' %he!+
)*$*!%!*'. Se)!?)(, %he+e ! ( $*&e+(%e *!%!/e )*++e(%!*'#e%ee' 3+(/!% ('& v p !' %he *e+ *+e(+) 4F!3"+e 7.115.
10
![Page 106: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 106/228
Figure 5.10: 3-D velocity model plotted along five cross-sections, of which the
locations are labelled on the far right and shown in Figure 5.2. Labels refer to the
following features that are discussed in the text: PA = Pichilemu anomaly; CA =
Cobquecura anomaly. Resolution limits are defined in the same way as Figure 5.9.
107
![Page 107: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 107/228
F i g u r
e 5 . 1 1 : a ) 3 - D v p m o d e l p l o t t e d
a s d e p t h s e c t i o n s . L a b e l s r e f e r
t o t h e f o l l o w i n g f e a t u r e s t h a t a
r e d i s c u s s e d i n t h e t e x t : m f = m
a r i n e f o r e a r c ;
o c =
o c e a n i c c r u s t ; c f = u p p e r f o r e a r c c r u s t ; c d = C e n t r a l D e p r e s s i o
n ; P A = P i c h i l e m u a n o m a l y ; C
A = C o b q u e c u r a a n o m a l y . R e s
o l u t i o n l i m i t s
a r e
d e f i n e d i n t h e s a m e w a y a s F i g u r e 5 . 9 . ( b ) F o r e a r c B o u g u e r g
r a v i t y a n o m a l y ( C h a p t e r F o u r )
o v e r l a i n b y c o n t o u r s o f v p m o d
e l a t 2 5 k m
d e
p t h . C o n t o u r s a r e g i v e n f o r v p i n t h e r a n g e 7 . 2 5 – 8 . 0 0 k m / s . I n s e t : s c a t t e r p l o t s h o w i n g t h e c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n f o r e a r c B o u g u e r g r a v i t y
.
10
![Page 108: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 108/228
I'%e++e%(%!*' * %he e!$!) /e*)!%!e ('& 3+(/!% !3'( (*)!(%e&!%h %he C*#-"e)"+( ('& P!)h!e$" ('*$(!e )e(+ !'&!)(%e&e'e, "%+($(?) $(%e+!(. <e(6>e+e'%!'!e& e+!&*%!%e 4^205 (% %hee &e%h )(' e;(!' %he /e*)!%!e 4Ch+!%e'e',2005. Se+e'%!'!e& e+!&*%!%e (% %he #(e * %he )*'%!'e'%(
*+e(+) )*"& +e+ee'% ( "#&")%e& *)e('!) %**3+(h!) h!3h, ")h( ( e($*"'%. I'%e(&, *"+ !$+*/e& /e*)!% $*&e !'&!)(%e %h(%%he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$( ! (+3e+ ('& e!$!)( (%e+ %h('+e/!*" h*' !' Ch(%e+ F*"+. G!/e' %hee ?'&!'3, e ?'& (e($*"'% !'%e++e%(%!*' e ("!#e. De'e $(%e+!( !' %he *e+*+e(+) )*"& #e ( &eee+ $('!e%(%!*' * %he P((e**!) 3+('!%e#(%h*!%h h*e/e+, %he ee/(%e& v pv s +"e *"% %he *!#!!% *+e!&"( !'%+"!/e $(%e+!( !'3 (% !% #(e 4H"e' e% (., 2000Re'e+ e% (., 2005.
The "+()e +*e)%!*' * %he "%+($(?) #*&!e )*++e*'&+e(*'(# e !%h %he *)(%!*' * T+!(!) !'%+"!*' 4F!3"+e 7.1('& 7.115. S*"%h * =.7S, ( '*%(#e (#e')e * h!3h /e*)!%#*&!e 4H(#e+('& e% (., 2005 ! )*'!%e'% !%h ( ()6 * T+!(!)!'%+"!*' !' %h! +e3!*' 4F!3"+e 7.15. I' )*'%+(% %* %he P((e**!)3+('!%e, %hee !'%+"!*' )*'%(!' ( %+*'3e+ $('%e *"+)e!3'(%"+e 4-"e e% (., 20115, *!# +e(%!'3 %* %he "'&e+!'3"%+($(?) #*&!e. The T+!(!) !'%+"!*' e+e e$()e& &"+!'3e;%e'!*' 4-"e e% (., 20115 )("e& # e!%he+ (# &e%()h$e'%4P(+(&( e% (., 15, (%he'*he+!) "e!'3 4F+('ee ('&S(e%%!, 20015 *+ (# %eee'!'3 4-"e e% (., 20115. I% !("!#e %h(% (' * %hee $e)h('!$ )*"& h(/e e$()e&
$('%e $(%e+!( #e'e(%h %he (')!e'% /*)('!) (+). Re$'('% * %h!$(%e+!( )*"& '* !e (% %he #(e * %he +ee'%>&( *+e(+).I'%e++e%!'3 %he e$()e$e'% $e)h('!$ +e*'!#e *+ %hee#*)6 * $('%e $(%e+!( &ee'& *' %he!+ +e3!*'( e;%e'%.A%h*"3h (+3e *"%)+* * T+!(!) !'%+"!/e +*)6 h(/e #ee'$(e& '*+%h * %he M("e e3$e'% 4F!3"+e 7.15, %he &* '*%e;%e'& *"%h * %he M("e e3$e'%. G!/e' %he &!)+e%e '(%"+e *%hee #*)6, !% ! *!#e %h(% %he %e)%*'!) +*)e +e*'!#e *+%he!+ e$()e$e'% ( $*+e *)(!e& ('& !$!%e& %* %he )e'%+(Ch!e +e3!*'. U'&e+%('&!'3 %he %+")%"+e ('& e%+**3 * ")h*)(!e& #*)6 * $('%e $(%e+!( !' %he *e+ *+e(+) )+"% )*"&
+*/!&e )*'%+(!'% *' %he 3e'e! * (+) $(3$( ('& )*"& he&!3h% *' *)(!e& (# +*)ee, ")h ( (# $e%!'3.
Continental #antleBe'e(%h %he e(%e+'$*% C*(%( C*+&!e+(, (% &e%h * 27=7 6$,v p e;)ee& .27 6$, &e?'!'3 ( &*$e>h(e& e(%"+e %h(% !+ee'% (*'3 %he $(+3!' 4(#ee& Wc#95. I% *)(%!*', +e3!*'(3e*$e%+ ('& /e*)!% "33e% %h(% !% +e+ee'% %he )*'%!'e'%($('%e e&3e. L*>$*&e+(%e v pv s * 1. 4P*!*'9 +(%!* *0.25 !' !% e%e+' (+% (+e !'&!)(%!/e * "'e+e'%!'!e& $('%e4C(+*' ('& M!e+, 200=5. Be'e(%h %he $(3$(%!) (+), e *#e+/e(+e( * ee/(%e& v pv s, !'&!)(%!'3 h&+(%e& (%he'*he+!) $('%e,(%h*"3h !% e;%e'% ! "'+e*/e&.
10
![Page 109: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 109/228
B !'e)%!*' * %he /e*)!% )*'%*"+ %h(% !'%e+e)% %he (%e!'%e+()e, e ?'& %h(% %he )*'%!'e'%( M*h*, +e+ee'%e& # ( v p *.7 6$, !'%e+e)% %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e (% ( &e%h *770 6$. Th! &e%h e%!$(%e ! !$!(+ %* %h(% * B*h$ 42005 ('& H(#e+('& e% (. 42005, #"% &eee+ %h(' %h(% * D(''*6! e%
(. 4201=5 #(e& *' +e)e!/e+ "')%!*'. F+*$ *"+ e+e)%!/e, h!3hv p ('*$(!e !' %he *e+ *+e(+) )*"& )*'%($!'(%e %he *e++e*"%!*' ('& (%e+( (/e+(3e& +e)e!/e+ "')%!*' !$(3e, +e"%!'3!' ( $!()e& )*'%!'e'%( M*h*.
Plate interface (one The )"+/e& +e3!*' * e!$!)!%, &!!'3 (( +*$ %he %+e')h,&e!'e(%e %he (%e !'%e+()e. T* &e?'e 3e*$e%+ * %he ("%, eee)%e& ( e/e'% %h(% !e !%h!' _17 6$ &e%h * (%e !'%e+()ee%!$(%e 4H(#e+('& e% (., 200 H(e e% (., 20125 ('& ?%%!'3 (e)*'&>*+&e+ *'*$!(. S!')e e!$!)!% &!& '*% +e()h %he %+e')h,
e ?;e& %he h(*e% (+% * %he !'%e+()e %* %he %+e')h (% 6$&e%h 4e.3. C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 20085. I' =>D, e **e& (!$!(+ *+6@* +**e& # H(e ('& <(& 42005. <e ?'& %h(%*"+ +e/!e& !'%e+()e 3e*$e%+ )*++e*'& %* %he $e(' &e%h *%h+"% $e)h('!$ (%e+h*)6 4A3"+%* e% (., 2012 H(e e% (.,201=5. B +*e)%!'3 %h! !'%e+()e %h+*"3h *"+ =>D /e*)!% $*&e,e )(' (e %he /e*)!% %+")%"+e * %he (%e !'%e+()e. T*())*"'% *+ #*%h h*)e'%+e ('& /e*)!% "')e+%(!'%!e, ee%!$(%e %he e++*+ !' (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!%.A &e)+!#e& (#*/e, e &e?'e& %he 3e*$e%+ * %he (%e !'%e+()e
!%h (%e+h*)6 h*)e'%+e. E++*+ !' %hee *)(%!*' )*"& e(& %*( **+ &e?'e& (%e !'%e+()e. F"+%he+$*+e, !')e %he (%e!'%e+()e +e+ee'% ( h(+ &!)*'%!'"!% !' h!)( +*e+%!e, !%! ( +e3!*' * %+*'3 /e*)!% 3+(&!e'%. C*'e-"e'%, !% ! *!#e%h(% (' !>&e?'e& (%e !'%e+()e $( )("e !3'!?)('% &e/!(%!*'+*$ *"+ )()"(%e& (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!%. F"+%he+$*+e, e()h '*&e! !6e %* )*'%(!' ( $( /e*)!% e++*+ &"e %* '*!e !' %he &(%(e%4F!3"+e 7.5. T* ())*"'% *+ %hee !'%+!'!) /e*)!% e++*+, e "e&*"+ 2>D #**%%+( +e($!'3 +e"% 4ee Se)%!*' 7..25. T*e%!$(%e "')e+%(!'%!e !' (%e !'%e+()e e!$!) /e*)!%, ee+%"+#e& *"+ 2>D !'%e+()e 3e*$e%+ # _= 6$ &e%h 4%he
$(;!$"$ *+$( e++*+ * h*)e'%+( &e%h !' *"+ %*$*3+(h!)!'/e+!*'5 !' ( 100 * *"+ #**%%+(e& /e*)!% $*&e. F+*$ (100 ($e, e %he' *"'& %he 0%h e+)e'%!e !' %he +('3e */e*)!%!e 40 )*'?&e')e e/e5 (*'3 %he !'%e+()e.
The +e"% * %h! e++*+ ('(! (+e h*' # %he 3+e h(&!'3 !'F!3"+e 7.12. <e ?'& "')e+%(!'%!e !' (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!% (+e3+e(%e% (*'3 %he h(*e% *+%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e 4" %*0. 6$ !' v p ('& 0.0 !' v pv s5, he+e %he /e*)!% 3+(&!e'% !%+*'3 ('& '*&( /("e (+e **+ )*'%+(!'e& 4F!3"+e 7.5. A% 20=0 6$ &e%h, %he "')e+%(!'% !' v p +e&")e %* 0.== 6$ ('& !' v pv s
%* 0.0=. B(e& *' %hee +e"%, *"+ !'%e++e%(%!*' * %hee3$e'%(%!*' !' e!$!) /e*)!%!e !%h &e%h (*'3 %he M("e$e3(%h+"% 4F!3"+e 7.125 +e$(!' !%h!' *"+ e%!$(%e&
108
![Page 110: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 110/228
"')e+%(!'%!e.A))*"'%!'3 *+ %hee "')e+%(!'%!e, %he /e*)!% %+")%"+e * %he(%e !'%e+()e +e3!*' h* ( )e(+ *'(%!*' * e!$!) +*e+%!e!%h &e%h 4F!3"+e 7.125. G!/e' %he ()!'3 * '*&e !%h &e%h,*"+ $*&e +e+ee'% %he (/e+(3e (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!% */e+ (
%*%( %h!)6'e * 8 6$. The+e*+e, (' %h!' 4^ 6$ %h!)65 */e*)!% (e+ (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e 4e.3. H(#e+('& e% (.,2005 (+e "'!6e %* #e !$(3e&. A*'3 %he h(*e% (+% * %he(%e !'%e+()e, #e'e(%h %he +*'%( +!$, v p ! +e(%!/e * 4.6$5 ('& v pv s ! h!3h 41.82.075. Be'e(%h %he *"%e+ e&3e, v p h(+ !')+e(e !%h &e%h 40.0= 6$ e+ 6$5 ('& v pv s &e)+e(e %* 1.8. Be'e(%h %he *e+ *+e(+) )+"%, v p %( $*+e)*'%('% (% .7 6$, #"% +e()he " %* 8.0 6$ he+e %he (%e!'%e+()e !'%e+e)% %he C*#-"e)"+( ('& P!)h!e$" ('*$(!e4F!3"+e 7.125. A% &e%h * 6$, v p &e)+e(e %* . 6$.Be'e(%h %he Ce'%+( De+e!*', v p "+%he+ !')+e(e %* 8.7 6$('& v pv s &e)+e(e %* 1.8. The+e*+e, %he 'e;% *3!)( %e ! %*)*'!&e+ he%he+ %h! e3$e'%e& /e*)!% %+")%"+e * %he (%e!'%e+()e !'@"e')e $e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+.
10
![Page 111: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 111/228
F i g u r e 5 . 1 2 : S e i s m i c v e l o c i t i e
s a l o n g t h e p l a t e i n t e r f a c e f r o m
t h e 2 - D m o d e l a s a f u n c t i o n o f d e p t h f o r ( a ) v p a n d ( b ) v p / v s . G
r e y s h a d i n g
h o w s o u r e s t i m a t e d u n c e r t a i n t y . ( c ) H i s t o g r a m o f p l a t e i n t e r f a c e a f t e r s h o c k e a r t h q u a k e d e p t h s a n d n o r m a l i s e d c o s e i s m i c s l i p d i s t r i b u t i o n .
T r e n c h - p e r p e n d i c u l a r s l i p p r o f i l e s t r a v e r s e t h e n o r t h e r n s l i p a s p e r i t y . A f t e r s h o c k h y p o c e n t r e s a r e r e l o c a t e d f r o m t h e c a t
a l o g u e o f
110
![Page 112: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 112/228
1.1.11 C*++e(%!'3 $e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+ !%h (%e!'%e+()e /e*)!% %+")%"+e
Preseis#ic coupling of the #egathrust B(e& *' %he *)6!'3 $*&e * M*+e'* e% (. 420105, %he M("e$e3(%h+"% #e*+e %he 2010 e(+%h-"(6e ( %+*'3 )*"e& 405 #e'e(%h %he *"%e+ e&3e, he+e %he (%e !'%e+()e h($*&e+(%e v p 4.27 6$5 ('& ee/(%e& v pv s * 1.88 4F!3"+e 7.1=(5.
The !'%e+()e ( (* %+*'3 *)6e& 4 05 #e'e(%h %he )*(%,(% %he #(e * %he C*#-"e)"+( "%+($(?) #*&. F*+ %he A+(")*e'!'"( +e3!*', M*+e'* e% (. 42015 !&e'%! ( )*++e(%!*'#e%ee' e(6 *)6e& +e3!*' * %he !'%e+()e ('& ee/(%e& v pv s &"e %* h!3h @"!& +e"+e. <e (* *#e+/e ( %+*'3 )*++e(%!*' 4r >0.15 *+ %he +e3!*' *"%h * =S. H*e/e+, e &* '*% ?'& ")h( )e(+ )*++e(%!*' *+ %he h*e +"%"+e *'e. Th! ?'&!'3 !'&!)(%e
%h(% ()%*+ )*'%+*!'3 +ee!$!) *)6!'3 $( )h('3e ()+* %heM("e e3$e'%.
&ucleation and rupture of the Maule earth4ua+e The M("e e(+%h-"(6e '")e(%e& !' ( +e3!*' * h!3h v p 4.2 6$5('& %+*'3 &!>(+(e v p 3+(&!e'%, (% %he e+!he+ * %heC*#-"e)"+( ('*$( 4F!3"+e 7.1=#5. Th! !'e+e')e ! !' !'e !%h
T((+( 420105, h* h* %h(% +"%"+e (*'3 %he A'&e(' $(+3!'3e'e+( '")e(%e (% %he e&3e * *+e(+) &e'!% ('*$(!e. A *)(!')+e(e !' %+e (% %he e&3e %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$( )*"& h(/ee& %* *'e% * %he +"%"+e.
F**!'3 '")e(%!*', $*% )*e!$!) ! *))"++e& (*'3 %he (%e!'%e+()e #e'e(%h %he *"%e+ e&3e, he+e e ?'& $*&e+(%e v p 4.7 6$5 ('& ee/(%e& v pv s 41.85, 4F!3"+e 7.12 ('& 7.1=#5.C*e!$!) ! ( $!'!$( #e'e(%h %he +*'%( +!$ 4v p ^ .276$ v pv s 1.875 ('& )*'%!'e'%( $('%e e&3e 4v p .7 6$v pv s ^ 1.85. C*e!$!) ! ( +e&")e& #e'e(%h %he *+e(+) he+ev p .27 6$. B*%h h!3h ! (e+!%!e )*++e*'& %* e(6e+ v p 3+(&!e'% !%h &e%h. Th! h*$*3e'e*" /e*)!% %+")%"+e ! (+%&"e %* %he ()6 * h!3h v p ('*$(!e #e'e(%h %he )*(% !' %heC*'%!%")!X' ('& A+(")* +e3!*'. The+e*+e, !% ! *!#e %h(% !*)(!(%!*' &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e ( (Je)%e& # %he+ee')e * *'3>!/e& $(?) #*&!e !' %he *e+ *+e(+). O/e+(,%he+e ! %+*'3 'e3(%!/e )*++e(%!*' #e%ee' v p ('& )*e!$!) !*+ %he &*'>&! *+%!*' * %he +"%"+e 4F!3"+e 7.15.
111
![Page 113: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 113/228
F i g u r e 5 . 1 3 : D i s t r i b u t i o n o f ( t o p ) v p a n d
( b
o t t o m ) v p / v s a l o n g t h e p l a t e i n t e r f a c e r e g i o n
c o m p a r e d w i t h b e h a v i o u r o f t h e M a u l e
e g a t h r u s t o v e r t h e s e i s m i c c y c l e . L a b e l s r e f e r
t o t h e f e a t u r e s d i s c u s s e d i n t h e t e x t a n d a r e
d e f i n e d i n t h e c a p t i o n o f F i g u r e 5 . 1 0 . a )
C o n t o u r s o f p r e s e i s m i c l o c k i n g o f t h e
e g a t h r u s t ( M o r e n o a n d R o s e n a u , 2 0 1 0 ) ( b l u e
l i n e s ) a r e f o r l o c k i n g o f g r e a t e r t h a n 0 . 7 a n d
g i v e n i n i n t e r v a l s o f 0 . 1 . ( b ) M
a i n s h o c k
e
p i c e n t r a l l o c a t i o n f r o m H a y e s e t a l . ( 2 0 1 3 ) .
C o s e i s m i c s l i p d i s t r i b u t i o n ( M o r e n o e t a l . ,
2 0 1 2 ) p l o t t e d a s f o r F i g u r e 5 . 2 . W h i t e c i r c l e s
g i v e t h e l o c a t i o n o f h i g h f r e q u e
n c y e n e r g y
r e l e a s e d u r i n g t h e M a u l e e a r t h q
u a k e ( K i s e r
a n d I s h i i , 2 0 1 1 ) . ( c ) C o n t o u r s o f
a f t e r s l i p > 1
( Y . N . L i n e t a l . , 2 0 1 3 ) , ( b l u e l i n e s ) p l o t t e d
i n 0 . 2 m i n t e r v a l s . G r e y c i r c l e s s h o w t h e
d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r e l o c a t e d p l a t e
i n t e r f a c e
a f t e r s h o c k s e i s m i c i t y
.
112
![Page 114: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 114/228
Figure 5.14: a) Scatter plot showing the relationship between coseismic slip and
plate interface vp for 20–40 km depth. The correlation coefficient, r , and a best-
fitting line (black) are shown. Three groups of vp - coseismic slip character are
given by the coloured rectangles. (b) Points remapped to check whether the
correlation is spatially correlated by adopting the approach of Moreno et al.
(2014). This test shows that the pattern of correlation is laterally continuous,
showing a spatial relationship between vp and coseismic slip for the down-dip part
of the rupture.
A% h(* &e%h (*'3 %he ("% 4^ 1 6$5, )*e!$!) ! (+e&")e& # 70 4Y. N. L!' e% (., 201=5. A% %hee &e%h, v p h(+&e)+e(e ('& v pv s (#+"% !')+e(e %* $*+e %h(' 2 4F!3"+e 7.125.C*$(+!*' * ! !%h e!$!) /e*)!% (% h(* &e%h "33e%%h(% */e++e"+e )*'&!%!*' 4S!'e! e% (., 2005 ('& *>+!3!&!%$(%e+!( (% %he #(e * %he +*'%( +!$ !'h!#!%e& !. The$e)%!%e>!!%e %+('!%!*' $( )*'%+!#"%e %* %h! */e++e"+e 4M**+e('& S(Je+, 20015 ('& !'@"e')e %he %+('!%!*' #e%ee' /e*)!%>
%+e'3%he'!'3 ('& /e*)!%>e(6e'!'3 +!)%!*'( #eh(/!*"+ 4S(Je+('& M(+*'e, 200=5.F*+ %he h!3h +e-"e') (+% * %he +"%"+e 4K!e+ ('& Ih!!, 20115,%he+e ! ( %+!6!'3 /!"( )*++e(%!*' !%h /e*)!% %+")%"+e (*'3 %he(%e !'%e+()e 4F!3"+e 7.1=#5. The *)(%!*' * h!3h +e-"e')e'e+3 +ee(e (e(+ %* %e &*' (+*"'& %he h!3h /e*)!%('*$(!e, !%h $*% e'e+3 )*$!'3 +*$ &eee+ +e3!*' * %he(%e !'%e+()e %h(% h(/e !'%e+$e&!(%e v p ('& ee/(%e& v pv s. H!3h+e-"e') e'e+3 +ee(e &"+!'3 (' e(+%h-"(6e )(' #e )("e& #"&&e' )h('3e !' +"%"+e ee& *+ ! 4M(&(+!(3(, 15. B(e&*' )*e!$!) ! &!%+!#"%!*' 4M*+e'* e% (., 20125, e +**e %h(%
%he +"%"+e ( *e& # %he h!3h /e*)!% ('*$(!e #e'e(%h %he)*(%, 3e'e+(%!'3 %*!'3 h(e (% %he &*'>&! %e+$!'(%!*' *
11=
![Page 115: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 115/228
%he +"%"+e.
Postseis#ic defor#ation following the Maule earth4ua+e T* !'/e%!3(%e %he +e(%!*'h! #e%ee' /e*)!% %+")%"+e ('&(%e+h*)6 e!$!)!%, e +e*)(%e& %he " 2010 (%e+h*)6
)(%(*3"e * R!e%#+*)6 e% (. 420125, h!)h ( #(e& *' ("%*$(%!)*'e% %!$e !)6 "!'3 *'h*+e %(%!*' *', !'!&e *"+ =>D /e*)!%$*&e. <e ?'& %e$(%!) &!Je+e')e !' h*)e'%+( *)(%!*'#e%ee' *"+ *)(%!*' ('& %h*e * R!e%#+*)6 e% (. 420125 4F!3"+e7.175. E/e'% !' %he *"%e+ +!e +e3!*' +e*)(%e "+%he+ (( +*$ %he%+e')h, he+e( e/e'% *)(%e& *Jh*+e #e%ee' %he %+e')h ('&)*(%!'e +e*)(%e "+%he+ *'h*+e. <e "33e% %h(% %hee&!)+e(')!e (+e &"e %* %* +e(*'. F!+%, OBS %(%!*' e+e '*%"e& !' %he %+(%e3 * R!e%#+*)6 e% (. 420105 e(&!'3 %* **+)*'%+(!'e& *)(%!*' * *Jh*+e e(+%h-"(6e. Se)*'&, ("%*$(%!)('(! e(& %* e++*+ !' *'e% %!$e !)6!'3. <e *"'& %hee e++*+
%* #e (+3e% *+ S>(/e +*$ e/e'% *)(%e& (+ *Jh*+e. T* $(6e( $*+e +e!(#e e%!$(%e * (%e+h*)6 &!%+!#"%!*', e )*++e)%e& *+%hee $!*)(%!*'. <e )()"(%e& %he (/e+(3e e!)e'%+($!*)(%!*' /e)%*+ (% e()h *!'% *' ( 20 ; 80 6$ 3+!&. <e (**"'& %he (/e+(3e &!Je+e')e !' &e%h (% e()h *!'% *' ( 27 6$ ; 86$ 3+!& *+ e()h * %he ?/e %+e')h>e+e'&!)"(+ )+*>e)%!*'.A%e+ )*++e)%!'3 *+ (%e+h*)6 $!*)(%!*', e ?'& %h(% %heC*#-"e)"+( ('& P!)h!e$" ('*$(!e )e(+ !e !%h!' %he &!%!')%3( * (%e !'%e+()e (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!% 4F!3"+e 7.1= ('& 7.15.I'%e'e )+"%( e!$!)!% (* *))"++e& (*'3 %he e%e+' e&3e *
%he P!)h!e$" ('*$(. I% ! ("!#e %h(% %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!%!' %he *e+ *+e(+) !'@"e')e& %he &!%+!#"%!*' * (%e !'%e+()e('& h(* )+"%( e!$!)!% **!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e.
T*$*3+(h!) !$(3e +*$ Z((' (* h* ( !$!(+ +e(%!*'h!#e%ee' )+"%( h!3h /e*)!%!e ('& (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!% 4K(%* e%(., 201= 2010#5. S!3'!?)('% (%e+! *))"++e& !' +e3!*' *!'%e+$e&!(%e (%e !'%e+()e v p 4.2.7 6$5 ('& ee/(%e& v pv s 41.821.85 4F!3"+e 7.1=5. Th! ?'&!'3 "33e% %h(% (%e+!**!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e $( h(/e #ee' )*$*!%!*'(&+!/e'.
11
![Page 116: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 116/228
Figure 5.15: Comparison between manually determined hypocentral locations
from our tomographic inversion (from onshore and offshore seismic stations) with
those based on automatic onset time determination (from onshore seismic stations
only); (Rietbrock et al., 2012).
117
![Page 117: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 117/228
Figure 5.16: Relocated and corrected aftershock locations from the full 2010
catalogue corrected for systematic mislocations. Events with a minimum of 12 P-
wave and 12 S-wave observations are shown. Features are plotted in the same way
as Figure 5.10.
7.8De%h>/(+!'3 +"%"+e +*e+%!e ('& ("%%+")%"+e
B(e& *' &e%h /(+!(%!*' * "#&")%!*' *'e +"%"+e)h(+()%e+!%!), L( e% (. 420125 )(! %he $e3(%h+"% !'%* *"+
&!%!')% &*$(!' 4AD5. B(e& *' %he h!)( +*e+%!e ('&e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+!%!) * %he M("e $e3(%h+"%, e )(' &+((+(e !%h %h! )(!?)(%!*' 4F!3"+e 7.125. The (%e !'%e+()e#e'e(%h %he +*'%( +!$ 4^ 1 6$ &e%h5 ( (+3e (e!$!)&"+!'3 %he M("e +"%"+e, )*++e*'&!'3 %* D*$(!' A. The h!3hv pv s ('& P*!*'9 +(%!* +*/!&e &!+e)% e/!&e')e *+ *>+!3!&!%$(%e+!( e;!%!'3 (% h(* &e%h %h(% ( +**e& # B!e6 ('&L( 415 %* !'@"e')e (e!$!) #eh(/!*"+ ('& *))(!*'( *,%"'($!3e'!) e(+%h-"(6e. The &e%h * %he (%e !'%e+()e#e'e(%h %he *"%e+ e&3e 41=0 6$5 )*++e*'& %* D*$(!' B, %he$*% e!$*3e'!) (+% * %he $e3(%h+"%. F*+ %he M("e
e(+%h-"(6e, %he 3+e(%e% )*e!$!) ! ('& (%e+h*)6 ()%!/!%*))"++e& !' %h! &*$(!', ('& ! he+e %he (%e !'%e+()e !
11
![Page 118: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 118/228
%+")%"+( $*+e h*$*3e'e*".D*$(!' C h*"& %he*+e%!)( !e (% =777 6$ &e%h #e'e(%h %he)*'%!'e'%( *+e(+). H*e/e+, (% =0 6$ &e%h, he+e %he (%e!'%e+()e !'%e+e)% "%+($(?) #*&!e !' %he *e+ *+e(+),)*e!$!) ! ( +e&")e& ('& *%e!$!) ! ( $!'!$( ")h
e!$!) )h(+()%e+!%!) &e/!(%e +*$ D*$(!' C. The+e*+e, e!'%e(& +**e ( 'e &*$(!', W39, *+ %he M("e $e3(%h+"%. A%3+e(%e+ &e%h 470 6$5, %he +e&*$!'(')e * h!3h +e-"e')+(&!(%!*' ('& *)(!e& (%e+h*)6 )"%e+ (3+ee e !%h D*$(!'C, he+e v p !'&!)(%e ( +e%"+' %* '*+$( !'%e+()e %+")%"+e. I% h(#ee' +**e& %h(% %he $(;!$"$ &e%h * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e !!'@"e')e& # %he !'%e+e)%!*' * %he =7070C !*%he+$ !%h %he(%e !'%e+()e 4e.3. H'&$(' e% (., 15. Th*"3h #(e& *' 6e+e% (. 420115, %hee %e$e+(%"+e (+e '*% +e()he& "'%! 70 6$&e%h, * %e$e+(%"+e ! "'!6e %* ( ( +*e !' %he &eee+e3$e'%(%!*' * %he M("e $e3(%h+"%.
7.C*')"!*'I' %h! )h(%e+, e h(/e +ee'%e& ( &e%(!e& e!$!) /e*)!%$*&e 4v p ('& v pv s5 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e*'e. A &e'e (%e+h*)6 &(%(e% +*$ *'h*+e ('& *Jh*+ee!$!) 'e%*+6 h( (*e& (' !'>&e%h %"& * h!)(+*e+%!e (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"% !'%e+()e ('& !' %he */e+!'3*+e(+).O"+ /e*)!% $*&e h* %h(% %* h!3h /e*)!% ('*$(!e !%h v p .7 6$ !e #e'e(%h %he )*(% !' %he )e'%+( ('& '*+%he+' (+%
* %he +"%"+e *'e (% %he #(e * %he )*'%!'e'%( *+e(+). <e!'%e++e% %hee h!3h /e*)!% ('*$(!e ( (+3e 4" %* 17 6$ %h!)65,&e'e #*&!e * "%+($(?) e+!&*%!%e. A )*$(+!*' !%h %he"+()e 3e**3 "33e% %h(% %hee #*&!e )*"& #e +e!) #*)6 *$('%e.B )*$(+!'3 %he *)(%!*' * %hee #*&!e !%h %he #eh(/!*"+ * %hee(+%h-"(6e, e h(/e h*' %h(% %he $( h(/e (e& ( +*e !')*'%+*!'3 %he &*'>&! ('& (*'3>%+!6e &!%+!#"%!*' * ! &"+!'3%he +"%"+e. I% (* (e(+ %h(% %hee ('*$(!e !'@"e')e& %he*)(%!*' * h!3h +e-"e') e!$!) e'e+3. He')e, *'3>!/e&%+")%"+( ('& )*$*!%!*'( he%e+*3e'e!%!e !' %he *+e(+) )(' ()%
( ( +"%"+e #(++!e+ &"+!'3 (+3e e(+%h-"(6e ('& )(' !'@"e')e %he(*'3>%+!6e e3$e'%(%!*' * +"%"+e (*'3 %he )e'%+( Ch!e$(+3!'.
Thee "%+($(?) #*)6 (+e (* (*)!(%e& !%h ( &!%!')% 3( !'(%e !'%e+()e (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!%. The P!)h!e$" /e*)!%('*$( ()%e& ( ( %+")%"+( &!)*'%!'"!%, !'@"e')!'3 %he *)" * '*+$( ("%!'3 (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!% !' %he */e++!&!'3 )+"%. A% %heh(* e'& * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e, */e++e"+e&, *>+!3!&!%e&!$e'% (% %he #(e * %he +*'%( +!$ !6e !'h!#!%e& h(*+"%"+e &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e. The $e3(%h+"% ("% #e'e(%h
%he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$( ( %+*'3 *)6e& #e*+e %he M("ee(+%h-"(6e, e% e;e+!e')e& !%%e )*e!$!) !. Th! (+% * %he
11
![Page 119: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 119/228
("% ( +e)*3'!e& # M*+e'* e% (. 420125 ( (' (+e( *+e$(!'!'3 ! &e?)!% (%e+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, ('& h( !')ee;e+!e')e& $!'!$( *%e!$!) !. Th! #eh(/!*"+ +(!e-"e%!*' */e+ %he )"++e'% %(%e * %+e ('& */e+( +he**3!)('(%"+e * %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(, h!)h ! &!)"e& !' $*+e
&e%(! !' Ch(%e+ E!3h%.O/e+(, (%e !'%e+()e v p * .7 6$ !'h!#!%e& e!$!) ('&(e!$!) ! #*%h &"+!'3 ('& (%e+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e.
The+e*+e, (' "'&e+%('&!'3 * h!)( +*e+%!e (*'3 %he (%e!'%e+()e )*"& he !' &e%e+$!'!'3 %he e!$!) h((+& * ("#&")%!*' *'e. Se!$!) /e*)!% )*"& #e "e& ( ( +*; !' *%he+"#&")%!*' *'e %* e%!$(%e +"%"+e !e *%e'%!( ('& %he +e3!*')*'&")!/e %* h!3h +e-"e') e!$!) e'e+3 +ee(e ('& *)(!(%!*'* h(* )+"%( (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!%.
Ch(%e+
SEISMIC SOURCE IMAGING USING FULL><AEFORM ANALYSIS
S* (+ !' %h! %he!, e h(/e 3(!'e& !'!3h% !'%* %he h!)(+*e+%!e * ( "#&")%!*' *'e # )*'!&e+!'3 e!$!) /e*)!%!e(*'3 +( (%h. A %he +e)e&!'3 %* )h(%e+ h(/e h*', %he+e"% #(e& *' +( %he*+ h(/e "+%he+e& *"+ 6'*e&3e *%+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he /!)!'!% * %he "#&")%!*' (%e!'%e+()e. The 'e;% *3!)( %e ! %* (e %he e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e+*)e %* "'&e+%('& h* %he +"%"+e +e*'& %*, ('& %+e !%+('e++e& #e%ee', "e+ (%e %+")%"+e. I'%e(& * "!'3 +(%he*+, $*&e!'3 * ">(/e*+$ ! "e& ( !% )(' !e& &e%(!e&)*'%+(!'% *' e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e $e)h('!$, ('& # !')"&!'3
*>+e-"e') (/e !% )(' (* #e "e& %* !$+*/e "#"+()e!$(3!'3.I' (+%!)"(+, %he "e * +(>#(e& +*"%!'e %* )()"(%e e(+%h-"(6e$e)h('!$ ! '*% "!%(#e *+ %he %"&!e * "#&")%!*'e(+%h-"(6e. T+(&!%!*'(, *)( $e)h('!$ (+e e;%+()%e& +*$$( (+% * %he e!$*3+($, ")h ( P>(/e *(+!%!e ('& P>S>(/e ($!%"&e +(%!*. H*e/e+, %hee $e%h*& (+e !'(+*+!(%e*+ *Jh*+e "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e, he+e %(%!*' )*/e+(3e !#!(e& %* *'e !&e * %he *)( he+e, e(&!'3 %* '*'>!'e(+!%4K"#* e% (., 20025 ('& "')*'%+(!'e& ("% ('e 4e.3. K!!'3e+,
1805. F"+%he+$*+e, P>(/e *(+!%!e $( #e $( ('& h(+& %*!)6 (% %(%!*' *)(%e& )*e %* '*&( ('e. Thee *)($e)h('!$ +*/!&e !'*+$(%!*' (#*"% ("%!'3 %e (% %he !'!%!(
118
![Page 120: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 120/228
#+e(6 '*% %he e'%!+e *"+)e +"%"+e +*)e *+ !'%e+$e&!(%e ('&%+*'3 e(+%h-"(6e 4Mw 7.75, 4K"#* e% (., 20025.A $*+e (&/(')e& $e%h*& * &e%e+$!'(%!*' ! %* !'/e+% *+ %hee!$!) $*$e'% %e'*+ 4he+e(%e+, MT5, h!)h )(' !e& !'*+$(%!*'*' *"+)e *!%!*' ('& %!$!'3, $(3'!%"&e, *)( $e)h('!$, ( e
( )*'%+(!'% *' e;%e'&e& +"%"+e, ! +e-"!+e&. The MT ! '*+$()()"(%e& "!'3 e!$!) (/e*+$ ('(!. I' %h! )h(%e+, e&e)+!#e %he %he*+ * MT ('& %he!+ &e)*$*!%!*'. <e %he'*"%!'e (' !'/e+!*' *+6@*, (!'3 (+%!)"(+ (%%e'%!*' %* %he%!$e>&*$(!' $e%h*& %h(% ! "e& !' Ch(%e+ Se/e' ('& E!3h%. <eh* he+e %h(% $*% ">(/e*+$ MT !'/e+!*' ("$e 1>D%+")%"+( $*&e. A &e%(!e& !' +e/!*" )h(%e+, ")h $*&e(+e !'(+*+!(%e *+ "#&")%!*' *'e, he+e %he+e (+e %+*'3(%e+( /(+!(%!*' !' e!$!) /e*)!%!e. S"#e-"e'%, e &e)+!#eh* %he $e%h*& * !$"(%!'3 ">(/e*+$ !' ( =>D %+")%"+($*&e ('& %he !$!)(%!*' *+ "'&e+%('&!'3 e(+%h-"(6e MT ('&"#"+()e /e*)!% %+")%"+e.
.1M*$e'% %e'*+ %he*+A e!$!) *"+)e )(' #e &e)+!#e& ( %* *+)e ()%!'3 !' **!%e&!+e)%!*' ('& e(+(%e& # ( $( &!%(')e. Th! )*'?3"+(%!*' !6'*' ( ( !'e(+ &!*e. S")h !'3e )*"e (! %* +e+ee'% +e(e!$!) *"+)e ('& (+e #e%%e+ &e)+!#e& # *+%h*3*'( !'e(+&!*e !' ( =>D )**+&!'(%e %e$: ( e!$!) MT. The )*'&!%!*' *e+* 'e% $*$e'% $e(' %h(% %he MT $(%+!; ! $$e%+!) 4 mij=¿
m ji 5, +e&")!'3 %he '!'e ee$e'% %* !; 4( h*' # %he 3+ee&>
*"% ee$e'% * %he %e'*+5:
mij=[m
11 m
12 m
13
m21
m22
m23
m31
m32
m33
] ( 6.1 )
Th! $$e%+ $e(' %h(% %he ("%>'*+$( /e)%*+ ('& ! /e)%*+(+e !'%e+)h('3e(#e, h*!'3 %he ($#!3"!% #e%ee' ()%!/e ("%('& (";!!(+ ('e, h!)h (+!e +*$ %he e!$!) +(&!(%!*'(%%e+' * ( *!'%>*"+)e. T* +e*/e %h! ($#!3"!%, %"&!e *
(%e+h*)6, "+()e ("%!'3 *+ +"%"+e &!+e)%!/!% (+e 'ee&e& %*&e%e+$!'e %he ()%!/e ('e 4Z*% ('& He++$('', 185. The *!'% (% h!)h %he MT (+e )()"(%e& ! *$e%!$e ("$e& %*%he e(+%h-"(6e h*)e'%+e 4!.e. %he +"%"+e '")e(%!*' *!'%5. B*/!'3 *+ %he *"+)e *!%!*' ('& *+!3!' %!$e * (+3e+e(+%h-"(6e, D!e*'6! e% (. 415 *"'& &!)+e(')!e #e%ee'%he *)(%!*' 3!/e' # %he MT, ('& %h(% * %he h*)e'%+e. I% ()*')"&e& %h(% MT (+e e'!%!/e %* %he +"%"+e centroid: %he*)(%!*' ('& %!$e * 3+e(%e% !. Th", %he centroid #o#enttensor 4CMT5 3!/e ( e!3h%e& $e(' *!%!*' * %he *"+)e !' ()e('& %!$e. Ce'%+*!& %!$e $( #e (+*;!$(%e& ( h( * %he *"+)e
&"+(%!*' 4U&f( e% (., 2015.
11
![Page 121: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 121/228
.2De)*$*!%!*' * %he $*$e'% %e'*+ The &e)*$*!%!*' * %he MT ! '*'>"'!-"e !% )(' #e )(++!e& *"% !'$"%!e (, e()h *+$!'3 &!Je+e'% !'%e++e%(%!*'. Thee!3e'/("e ('& e!3e'/e)%*+ * )*++e*'& %* %he $(;!$"$,!'%e+$e&!(%e ('& $!'!$"$ +!')!( %+e (;e. Th! +e(%!*'h!$e(' %h(% )(' #e %+('*+$e& !'%* (' )**+&!'(%e %e$,he+e !% #(! /e)%*+ (+e e!3e'/e)%*+ * %he %h+ee +!')!(%+e (;e. Th! #(! %e$ +e"% !' %he &!(3*'(!e& MT, :
M =)
1 0 0
0 ) 2
0
0 0 ) 3
( 6.2 )
4Z*% ('& He++$('', 185, he+e A i )*++e*'& %* %he %h+ee+!')!( %+e (;e. De)*$*!%!*' * %he MT )(' %h" #e )(++!e&
*"% "!'3 e!3e'/("e ('& e!3e'/e)%*+ ('(!. The %+()e * M &e)+!#e isotropic )*$*'e'%, h!)h (+e )("e&# /*"$e )h('3e * %he *"+)e. I %he %+()e * M ! *!%!/e, %he*"+)e h( (' !$*!/e )*$*'e'% ! !% ! 'e3(%!/e, %he *"+)e !(+% e;*!/e. C()"(%!*' * %hee /*"$e%+!) )*$*'e'% * %heMT ! )*$e; ('& '*'>!'e(+ 4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008#5 !*%+*)(' (* #e &!)"% %* !'%e++e%. The+e*+e, /*"$e )h('3e ! *%e'
("$e& %* #e 'e3!3!#e)
(¿¿1+) 2+) 3=0)¿
, e(/!'3 %he deviatoric
MT, h!)h )(' #e e;(!'e& ( e-"!/(e'% *+)e 4e.3. Z*% ('&
He++$('', 185: M %*++= M I$,T",-I# + M /VI0T,"I#
( 6.3 )
I' %he )(e * %he &e/!(%*+!) MT, *'e e!3e'/("e ! !'&ee'&e'% ('&%he *%he+ %* (+e e-"( ('& **!%e 4e.3. )
2=−)
3−)
1 5. I% !'*+$( ("$e& %h(% MT * %e)%*'!) e(+%h-"(6e (+e "+e&e/!(%*+!) ( %he *))"+ &"e %* &!()e$e'% (*'3 ( ("% ('e4he(+ &!*)(%!*'5 %h(% +e"% +*$ h!3h )*$+e!/e %+e 4U&f(e% (., 2015.
The &e/!(%*+!) (+% )(' #e "#e-"e'% &e)*$*e& !' $('&!Je+e'% (. O'e $e%h*& &e)*$*e !'%* $(*+> ('& $!'*+>)*"e h*e/e+, $*+e )*$$*' "e& ! &e)*$*!%!*' !'%*co#pensated linear vector dipole 4CLD5 ('& double:couple 4DC5)*$*'e'%:
M /VI0T,"I# = M # + M #+V( 6.4 )
F*+ *$e %e)%*'!) e(+%h-"(6e, ! '* e!3e'/("e e-"( e+*, e%
%he "$ * e!3e'/("e /('!he 4e.3. ) 2=)
3=−)
1
25, %he MT )('
h(/e CLD )*$*'e'% 4Z*% ('& He++$('', 185. The "e *CLD ( ?+% +**e& # K'**J ('& R('&( 4105 *+ &ee
120
![Page 122: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 122/228
e(+%h-"(6e !% ! &e?'e& ( ( "&&e' )h('3e !' he(+ $*&""'*+$( %* %he ("% ('e, !%h*"% /*"$e )h('3e. A CLD!')+e(e, %he -"(&+('% &!%+!#"%!*' * %he *)( $e)h('!$#e)*$e $*+e &!%*+%e&.
T* e%!$(%e %he +e(%!/e )*'%+!#"%!*' * CLD ('& DC, %he
(+($e%e+, B ! &e?'e&:
1=|) min||) max|
( 6.5 )
4D!e*g6! e% (., 1815, he+e ) #in ('& ) #a> (+e %he $(e%('& (+3e% e!3e'/("e * %he &e/!(%*+!) (+% * M, +ee)%!/e.F*+ ( "+e DC *"+)e, 1=0 #e)("e ) min=0 . The e+)e'%(3e)*'%+!#"%!*' * CLD ('& DC )*$*'e'% 4CLD ('& DC,+ee)%!/e5 ! %h" 3!/e' #:
2#+V.=2001 ( 6.6 )
2.# =100(1−2 1) ( 6.7 )
MT !%h ( &e(+%"+e +*$ "+e DC ("%!'3 $( +*/!&e !'!3h% *'e)!( +"%"+e he'*$e'( 4F+*h!)h, 1 Z"!(' e% (., 185.Se/e+( h!)( e;('(%!*' * * DC h(/e #ee' +**e&, e%$(' %"&!e "33e% %h(% '*'>DC )*$*'e'% $( #e (+%!?)!(('& +e-"!+e )(+e" !'%e++e%(%!*'. Ph!)( *+!3!' * '*'>DCe(+%h-"(6e !')"&e "'%e(& @"!& @*, %e'!e> ('& he(+>("%!'3
*' )"+/e& %+")%"+e 4e.3. Z"!(' e% (., 185. N*'>DC e(+%h-"(6e%!)( *))"+ !' /*)('!) ('& 3e*%he+$( (+e(, ( e ( !' &ee4 170 6$5 (+% * "#&")%e& (# 4F+*h!)h, 2005 &"e %*)*$e; +"%"+e $e)h('!$. N*'>DC e(+%h-"(6e $( (* +e"%+*$ !$"%('e*" +"%"+e *' $*+e %h(' *'e ("% 4F+*h!)h, 200V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008)5, 4ee Se)%!*' ..5, (%h*"3h $"%!e "#>e/e'% !%h (+(e ("% ('e, ! &!+e)%!*' *+ !'%e+$e&!(%e%+e (;e $( '*% (( !e& ( * DC *+ ( !'3e e/e'%4Z"!(' e% (., 185. M*+e*/e+, A&($*/ ('& fe'i 420105 (+3"e%h(% '*'>DC )*$*'e'% * $*&e+(%e%+*'3 e(+%h-"(6e $(
)*$e +*$ %he +(&!(%!*' &!+e)%!/!% eJe)% * e;%e'&e& +"%"+e.E(+%h-"(6e !%h * DC )(' +e"% +*$ he%e+*3e'e!% ('&('!*%+* * %he h*% $e&!"$ )*e %* %he *"+)e 4A&($*/( ('&S!e', 2010 Z"!(' e% (., 185.V(h+(&'!6 e% (. 42008)5 &e$*'%+(%e %h(% he' %he %!$!'3 *+*!%!*' "e& !' (' MT )()"(%!*' ! !')*++e)%, DC )(' %(6e/!+%"( (' /("e. A%e+'(%!/e, h!3h CLD )*$*'e'% $( (+!e&"e %* e++*+ *+ '*!e !' %he *#e+/e& (/e*+$, (' !')*++e)%E(+%h $*&e, *+ '*'>!'e(+ (/e +*(3(%!*' eJe)%. F*+ $"%!e+"%"+e, DC )(' #e &ee'&e'% *' %he $*$e'% +(%!* #e%ee'"#>e/e'%. DC $( (* #e &ee'&e'% *' %(%!*' )*/e+(3e
4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008)5.F!'(, ('*%he+ &e)*$*!%!*' %h(% ! )*$$*' "e& )*'/e+% %he
121
![Page 123: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 123/228
MT !'%* ("% ('e 3e*$e%+!e. A6! ('& R!)h(+& 41805 &e+!/e&+e(%!*'h! #e%ee' %+!6e, ϕ , &!, δ ('& +(6e, 3 * (he(+ &!*)(%!*' *"+)e 4("% ('e5 ( )((+ e!$!) $*$e'%,
M 0 , ('& !'&!/!&"( MT )*$*'e'%, mij :
M 11=− M 0(sin
δ cos
3sin 2
ϕ +sin 2
δ sin
3sin
2
ϕ )( 6.8 )
M 12=− M 0(sin δ cos 3 cos2ϕ +0.5 sin 2 δ sin 3 sin 2ϕ ) ( 6.9 )
M 13=− M 0(cos δ cos 3 cos ϕ + sin 2 δ sin 3 sin ϕ ) ( 6.10 )
M 22=− M 0(sinδ cos 3 sin 2ϕ −sin 2δ sin 3 cos2ϕ ) ( 6.11 )
M 23=− M 0(cos δ cos 3 sin ϕ −cos2 δ sin 3 cos ϕ ) ( 6.12 )
M 33= M
0sin 2δ sin 3 ( 6.13 )
.=M*$en% %e'*+ !'/e+!*'O'e ( * )()"(%!'3 MT ! %* "e e!$!) (/e ($!%"&e 4e.3.fe'i ('& M!e/, 20085, h!)h (+e !'e(+ "')%!*' * MT)*$*'e'%, )*'%(!'!'3 $*+e !'*+$(%!*' %h(' *(+!%!e (*'e. The!'he+e'% +*#e$ !%h "!'3 ($!%"&e ! %he!+ e'!%!/!% %*%+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!%!e !' %he "#"+()e. A$!%"&e +(%!* 4PS,PSH *+ SHS5 +e&")e %hee eJe)% ('& )(' (* */e *+ '*'>DC$e)h('!$ 4e.3. H(+&e#e)6 ('& She(+e+, 2002 Ze)h"$%*/ ('&fe'i, 2007 S'*6e, 200=5. H*e/e+, ($!%"&e +(%!* (+e '*'>!'e(+ "')%!*' * %he MT, $(6!'3 !'/e+!*' &!)"% 4Z"!(' e% (.,185.<(/e*+$ !'/e+!*' ! (&/('%(3e*" */e+ *(+!% ('& ($!%"&e$e%h*& #e)("e !% &*e '*% +e-"!+e e+e)% (!$"%h( )*/e+(3e4V(h+(&'!6 ('& C"%X&!*, 2012(5 ('& +e(%!/e e $e("+e$e'%(+e +e-"!+e& %* 3e'e+(%e %(#e *"%!*' 4C($" e% (., 1
D+e3e+ ('& B. S(/(3e, 15. <(/e*+$ )(' #e "e& %* )()"(%e*"+)e>%!$e "')%!*', *"+)e *!%!*' ('& %!$!'3, ( e ( */!'3*+ e;%e'&e& +"%"+e ('& %!$e>&ee'&e'% $e)h('!$ 4Z"!(' e%(., 185. F">(/e*+$ !'/e+!*' )(' #e )(++!e& *"% !' e!%he+ %he%!$e> 4e.3. He++$('' e% (., 20115 *+ +e-"e')>&*$(!' 4e.3.R*$('*!), 1825. D!Je+e'% %e * e!$!) (/e )(' #e "e&!' %he !'/e+!*', !')"&!'3 #*& (/e, "+()e (/e ('& +ee*)!(%!*'. H*e/e+, ( '*%e& # Z"!(' e% (. 4185, %he $e%h*&! !$!%e& # %he ())"+() * !reens functions 4GF5, %he !$"e+e*'e * %he "#"+()e. Fe $e%h*& e;!% %h(% (* GF %* #e)()"(%e& !' )*$e; %+")%"+( $*&e, * $*% (/e*+$!'/e+!*' "e * +e-"e')!e 4e.3. ^ 0.1 H5 %* 'e3(%e %+")%"+(he%e+*3e'e!%.
122
![Page 124: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 124/228
12=
![Page 125: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 125/228
A ?+% !&e'%!?e& # G!#e+% 41=5, %he +e(%!*'h! #e%ee'ee$e'% * GF ('& %he MT (* %he !'/e+!*' * "+()e&e*+$(%!*' *#e+/(%!*'. G+*"'& &!()e$e'%, xs (t ) ! !'e(++e(%e& %* %he MT )*$*'e'%, # = ('& GF, !i= !' %he **!'3+e(%!*'h!:
x$ ( t )=∑n=1
6
Gij ( t )m j( 6.14 )
4e.3. V(h+(&'!6 ('& C"%X&!*, 2012(5, h!)h )(' #e +!%%e' !'3e'e+( $(%+!; *+$ (:
d=Gm ( 6.15 )
I' %he %!$e>&*$(!', d ! ( /e)%*+ )*$*e& * n +e)*+&!'3 **#e+/e& 3+*"'& &!()e$e'% (/e*+$. C*'/e+e, !' %he
+e-"e')>&*$(!', E-'. .17 ! 3!/e' e(+(%e *+ e()h +e-"e')('& d )*'%(!' %he +e( ('& !$(3!'(+ (+% * %he &!()e$e'%e)%+(. Ge'e+(, G ! ( n 46 $(%+!; )*'%(!'!'3 GF )()"(%e&"!'3 a priori %+")%"+( $*&e, ('& m ! ( /e)%*+ )*'%(!'!'3 %he!; 4*+ !' %he )(e * &e/!(%*+!) !'/e+!*', ?/e5 MT ee$e'% 4e.3.
Z*% ('& He++$('', 185. The MT +*#e$ ! */e+>&e%e+$!'e&!')e *#e+/(%!*' %!)( e;)ee& %he '"$#e+ * "'6'*' MT(+($e%e+. Th", E-'. .17 ! 3e'e+( */e& "!'3 e(% -"(+e!'/e+!*':
G
(¿¿ T G)−1
GT
dm=¿
( 6.16 )
I'/e+!*' )he$e *%e' */e *+ " CMT *"%!*' !')e MT)*$*'e'% %!)( %+(&e>*J !%h *)(%!*' 4D!e*g6! ('&<**&h*"e, 18=5. I' %he **!'3 e)%!*', e &e)+!#e %he e(%-"(+e CMT !'/e+!*' )he$e %h(% ! "e& !' Ch(%e+ ('& 8 *%h! %he!.
.T!$e>&*$(!' ">(/e*+$ $*$e'% %e'*+
!'/e+!*'CMT !'/e+!*' )*'!% * e/e+( %(3e, *+ e;($e, %he )(+e"ee)%!*', +*)e!'3 ('& ('(! * e!$!) +e)*+&, h!)h (+e!$*+%('% *+ *#%(!'!'3 %(#e *"%!*'. A' !'%e+()%!/e 3+(h!)((+*()h ! *'e ( %* )(++ *"% %hee %(6. The+e*+e, S*6* ('&V(h+(&'!6 42005 &e/e*e& %he ISOLA>GUI *%(+e ()6(3e, (MATLAB 3+(h!)( "e+ !'%e+()e h!)h "e %he F*+%+(' )*&e *V(h+(&'!6 e% (. 420075 *+ CMT !'/e+!*'. ISOLA (&(% %he K!6")h!('& K('($*+! 4115 MT !'/e+!*' $e%h*& *+ *)( ('& +e3!*'((/e*+$ (!)(%!*'. I' %h! e)%!*', e &e)+!#e ('& e;(!' %he%+(%e3 * %!$e>&*$(!' ">(/e*+$ !'/e+!*' "!'3 ISOLA 4(
"$$(+!e& !' F!3"+e .15. <e ?+% e;(!' !% "(3e *+ !'3e*!'%>*"+)e (+*;!$(%!*' !' Se)%!*' ..=. ISOLA )(' (* #e
12
![Page 126: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 126/228
"e& *+ e;%e'&e& +"%"+e ('& $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !%"(%!*',h!)h ! "#e-"e'% &!)"e& !' Se)%!*' ...ISOLA h( #ee' "e& !' ( !&e +('3e * %e)%*'!) e%%!'3. E;($e* !% "e *+ (+3e +"%"+e !')"&e %he 2011 M .0 T*h*6">O6!,
Z((' 4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 20115, %he 2010 M .2 (', T"+6e
4V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015 ('& %he M .= L9A-"!(, I%( 4G(*/!)('& V(h+(&'!6, 20125 e(+%h-"(6e. The (3*+!%h$ h( (* #ee'(!e& %* $(!'%e+$e&!(%e !e& e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3. A3"+%* e% (.,2012 S*6* e% (., 2012 V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008#5 ('&$!)+*e(+%h-"(6e 4F*%f6*/ e% (., 20105.
..1P+e>+*)e!'3, ?%e+!'3 ('& %(%!*' ee)%!*'
The +e!(#!!% * CMT !'/e+!*' $(!' &ee'& *' %he -"(!% ('&($*"'% * (/(!(#e (/e*+$, ( e ( %(%!*' )*/e+(3e (!'/e+!*' h*"& #e3!' !%h )(+e" ('(! * (/e*+$ 4F!3"+e
.15. D(%( (+e )!e& *+ )*'%(!' 3!%)he h*"& #e +e$*/e&4D!e*g6! e% (., 1815. F"+%he+$*+e, (/e*+$ h*"& #e)he)6e& *+ %he 'e(+>?e& eJe)% * e+$('e'% &!()e$e'%, %!%!'3('& +*%(%!*' 4V(h+(&'!6 ('& Pej!'3e+, 20105. Thee &!%"+#(')e)(' #e (+%!)"(+ %+*'3 (% * +e-"e')!e 4M(e+)6!' e% (.,20115. Signal:to:noise ratio 4SNR5 h*"& (* #e (ee& %*e'"+e %h(% !3'( (+e '*% &*$!'(%e& # '(%"+( *+ !'%+"$e'%('*!e !%h!' %he +('3e * +e-"e')!e )*'!&e+e&. D"+!'3 +e>+*)e!'3, !'%+"$e'% +e*'e ! +e$*/e& ('& *#e+/e&(/e*+$ (+e )*'/e+%e& %* &!()e$e'%. L!'e(+ %+e'& ('& %he
%+()e $e(' (+e (* +e$*/e& 4F!3"+e .15.
127
![Page 127: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 127/228
Figure 6.1: Schematic workflow of time-domain moment tensor inversion using the
ISOLA software package, showing the steps required and selection of parameters.
The 'e;% %e ! %* #('&( ?%e+ (/e*+$. The ($!%"&e+e*'e * %he ?%e+ ! &e'*%e& # *"+ +e-"e')!e: f 2, f 0, f =, f ,
12
![Page 128: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 128/228
&e?'!'3 ( )*!'e %(e+ (% !% e&3e, ('& ( @(% +e*'e #e%ee' f 0 ('& f 6 4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008)5. The +e-"e') +('3e "e& &ee'&*' e/e+( ()%*+ ('& h*"& #e )(+e" !'/e%!3(%e& %* e'"+e (+e!(#e MT *"%!*' 4F!3"+e .15. The '*!e e/e * %he (/e*+$,&e%e+$!'e& %h+*"3h SNR ('(!, !$!% %he *e% "(#e
+e-"e') 4f 2, f 0<. V(h+(&'!6 ('& C"%X&!* 42012(5 h* %h(% MT*"%!*' (+e $*+e %(#e he' (/e*+$ )*'%(!' * +e-"e')!3'( 4^ 0.07 H5. S!$!(+, %he h!3he% "(#e +e-"e') 4f 6, f 9< !(* '*!e>&ee'&e'%, ee)!( *+ e(6e+ e/e'%, h*e(/e*+$ $( #e )*'%($!'(%e& # %he $!)+*e!$!) '*!e e(6 !'%he +e-"e') +('3e 0.20. H. The "e+ +e-"e') !$!% (*&ee'& *' e!)e'%+( &!%(')e ('& %he ())"+() * GF 4e.3.V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. I' %he )(e * ( *!'%>*"+)e(+*;!$(%!*' ('& ( &e%( $*$e'%>+(%e "')%!*', %he "e+#('&( )"%>*J 4f 6, f 9< h*"& #e *e+ %h(' %he )*+'e+ +e-"e'),
f c * %he e(+%h-"(6e 4he+e 5 c1
τ , !' h!)h τ ! %he *"+)e&"+(%!*'5. I f 9 D f c, ( *"+)e !%h ?'!%e &"+(%!*' h*"& #e "e&. T*)*$!)(%e %he $(%%e+ "+%he+, 5 c $( #e %(%!*'>&ee'&e'% &"e%* &!+e)%!/!% eJe)%.
T+(&!%!*'(, !% ! ("$e& %h(% !&e )*/e+(3e * %he *)( he+e(* *+ ())"+(%e MT +e"% 4e.3. S(%(6e, 1875. H*e/e+,(/e*+$ !'/e+!*' "!'3 !$!%e& %(%!*' 4%* %* %h+ee5 e+*+$#e%%e+ %h(' %+(&!%!*'( %"&!e, ")h ( %h*e #(e& *' P>(/e*(+!%!e "!'3 %he ($e '"$#e+ * %(%!*' 4C($" e% (., 1D+e3e+ ('& B. S(/(3e, 1 V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008#5. V(h+(&'!6
('& C"%X&!* 42012(5 !'/e%!3(%e %he eJe)% * %(%!*' )*/e+(3e *'MT +e%+!e/(. Th! %"& *"'& %h(% **+ (!$"%h( )*/e+(3e &*e'*% +e"% !' **+ )*'%+(!'e& ("% ('e h*e/e+, 3**&)*/e+(3e ! !$*+%('% *+ *#%(!'!'3 )e'%+*!& *!%!*' ('& ())"+(%eDC. L!6e!e, K"$(+ e% (. 42015 ?'& %h(% ! %(%!*' )*/e+(3e !+e&")e&, ISOLA )(' ())"+(%e +e*/e %he DC $e)h('!$, #"% !%e+*+$ **+ he' !3'!?)('% CLD )*$*'e'% (+e +ee'%. F*+*"+)e *"%!&e %he 'e%*+6, MT ())"+() &ee'& *' e/e'% &e%h4V(h+(&'!6 ('& C"%X&!*, 2012#5. E(+%h-"(6e !%h h(* &e%h4^ 10 6$5 (+e #e%%e+ +e*/e& %h(' &eee+ *"+)e 400 6$5.
Th! ?'&!'3 (/*"+ %"&!e * *Jh*+e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e,
h!)h %e'& %* h(/e +e(%!/e h(* &e%h 4^ =0 6$5. T(6!'3 %he%(%!*' )*/e+(3e %* ( $*+e e;%+e$e )e'(+!*, *+6e+ h(/e (*!'/e%!3(%e& MT !'/e+!*' "!'3 %h+ee>)*$*'e'% (/e*+$+e)*+&e& (% ( !'3e %(%!*' 4D+e3e+ ('& He$#e+3e+, 1=V(h+(&'!6 ('& C"%X&!*, 2012(5. Thee %"&!e *"'& %h(% !'3e>%(%!*' MT !'/e+!*' ! $*+e ())"+(%e he' * +e-"e') !3'((+e (/(!(#e, #"% *"%!*' $( ()6 %(#!!%.
..2e*)!% $*&e, *"+)e &e?'!%!*' ('& )*$"%(%!*' *G+ee'9 "')%!*'
A e;(!'e& !' %he +e/!*" e)%!*', 6'*e&3e * %he E(+%h $*&e
12
![Page 129: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 129/228
('& +e"%!'3 ())"+() * )*++e*'&!'3 GF ! )+")!( *+ +e!(#e MT*"%!*'. Ze)h"$%*/ ('& B"('% 42015 )*')"&e %h(% MT)()"(%e& "!'3 *)( (/e*+$ (+e $*+e e'!%!/e %* /e*)!%$*&e ())"+() %h(' %(%!*' )*/e+(3e. T* )()"(%e GF, ISOLA "e( (e+e& 1>D $*&e * v p, v s, &e'!% ('& e!$!) (%%e'"(%!*'
-"(!% ()%*+, '. I' %h! %he!, e "e %he =>D /e*)!% $*&e+ee'%e& !' Ch(%e+ F!/e %* )()"(%e 1>D +*?e. <e 6ee ' ?;e&%* =00 !')e !% ! "'!6e %* (Je)% MT *"%!*' (% %he *+e-"e')!e )*'!&e+e& he+e 4^ 0.0 H5.H*)e'%+e *)(%!*' * e(+%h-"(6e $( #e !'())"+(%e, #"% MT*"%!*' )(' +*/!&e #e%%e+ &e%h e%!$(%e, ee)!( *+ h(*e/e'% 4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008#5 ('& %h*e !%"(%e& *"%!&e * %he'e%*+6 4He++$('' e% (., 20115. M*+e*/e+, *+ !'%e+$e&!(%e(+3e4Mw 7.75 e(+%h-"(6e, ?'!%e +"%"+e eJe)% $( )("e (&!)+e(') #e%ee' h*)e'%+e ('& )e'%+*!& *)(%!*'. F*+ #*%h * %hee +e(*', h!)h (+e !')!&e'%( (!)(#e *+ "#&")%!*'$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e, ISOLA )(' 3e'e+(%e e% * *"+)e *' (!'e *+ *' ( 2>D ('e 4F!3"+e .15. F!;e&>e!)e'%+e !'/e+!*' %h(%"e ( /e+%!)( !'e * %+!( *!'%>*"+)e 4(*'3 %he &e%h (;!5 (+e)*$$*' !' +e3!*'( CMT %"&!e * $(!'%e+$e&!(%e !e& 4Mw ^7.75 e(+%h-"(6e 4A3"+%* e% (., 2012 H(e e% (., 201= He++$(''e% (., 20115 2>D ('e $( #e )h*e' *+ (+3e e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3.Q"!'%e+* e% (., 201 V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. O')e %he *"+)e! &e?'e&, GF (+e )*$"%e& 4F!3"+e .15 "!'3 %he &!)+e%e(/e'"$#e+ (3*+!%h$ * B*")h*' 41815 !' %he %!$e>&*$(!'.G+ee'9 "')%!*' $"% #e )()"(%e& " %* +e-"e')!e %h(% (+e
3+e(%e+ %h(' *+ e-"( %* f 9...=Ge'e+( !'/e+!*' *+ !'3e *!'%>*"+)e
I' %h! e)%!*', e &e)+!#e %he 3e'e+( (3*+!%h$ "e& !' ISOLA %*)()"(%e !'3e *!'%>*"+)e MT *"%!*'. ISOLA )(' */e *+e!%he+ %he " MT 4DC CLD ISOTROPIC5, %he &e/!(%*+!) MT 4DC CLD5 *+ *+ ( "+e>DC )*'%+(!'e& *"+)e 4F!3"+e .15. TheK!6")h! ('& K('($*+! 4115 $e%h*& ! (&*%e&, !' h!)h, %he MT4#+=5 ! +e+ee'%e& # %he "$ * !; ee$e'%(+ %e'*+, Mn 4?/e"+e>DC *"+)e ('& *'e e;*!/e *"+)e T(#e .15, e()h
e!3h%e& # an:
mkj=∑n=1
N e
an M n( 6.17 )
he+e &e ! %he '"$#e+ * ee$e'%(+ %e'*+ 4!.e. &e 7 *+ (&e/!(%*+!) MT5.
n Ele$entarytensor
?raphicalrepresentation
128
![Page 130: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 130/228
1 [0 1 0
1 0 0
0 0 0]
2
[1 0 0
0
−1 0
0 0 0
]= [
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0]
[0 0 1
0 0 0
1 0 0]
7
[
−1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 1
] [1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1]
T(#e .1: Ee$e'%(+ $*$e'% %e'*+ "e& !' %he !'/e+!*'$e%h*& * K!6")h! ('& K('($*+! 4115.
T* )()"(%e %he #e%>?%%!'3 MT )*e)!e'%, an , ISOLA $!'!$!e%he &!Je+e')e, ∆ #e%ee' *#e+/e& ('& '%he%!) &!()e$e'%(/e*+$ !' %he %!$e>&*$(!' 4K!6")h! ('& K('($*+!, 115:
∆=∑s=1
N s
∫[ xs ( t )−∑
n=1
N e
an6 sn(t )]2
dt ( 6.18 )
he+e 6 sn(t ) +e+ee'% %he '%he%!) e!$*3+($ 4G+ee'9"')%!*'5 (% e()h %(%!*', s, ('& &s ! %he '"$#e+ * &!()e$e'%+e)*+&. Th! e-"(%!*' )(' #e +e>+!%%e' (:
∆= " x−2∑n=1
N e
an Gn ( t )+∑m=1
N e
∑n=1
N s
"nm am( 6.19 )
he+e:
" x=∑s=1
N s
∫ [ xs ( t ) ]2
dt ( 6.20 )
"nm=∑s=1
N s
∫ [ 6sn(t )6 sm(t )] dt ( 6.21 )
Gn=∑s=1
N s
∫ [ 6sn(t ) xs(t )] dt ( 6.22 )
B e%%!'3:
12
![Page 131: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 131/228
∂ ∆
∂ an
=0 ( 6.23 )
*+ ( /("e * n , %he **!'3 '*+$( e-"(%!*' +e(%!*'h! !
*#%(!'e&:
∑m=1
N e
"nm am=Gm( 6.24 )
F!'(, */!'3 *+ a# 3!/e:
an=∑m=1
N e
"nm
−1
Gm( 6.25 )
Th! */e+>&e%e+$!'e& +*#e$ ! */e& "!'3 e(% -"(+e
!'/e+!*' 4E-'. .15 ('& +e"% !' ( ?'( MT *"%!*' *:
m=[a
2−a
5+a
6 a
1 a
4
a1
−a2+a
6 a
3
a4
a3
a5+a
6
] ( 6.26 )
A $e("+e * $!?% #e%ee' *#e+/e& ('& '%he%!) (/e*+$,variance reduction 4R5 ! 3!/e' #:
V"=1− ∆
∫ x2 ( t ) dt ( 6.27 )
h!)h ! &!+e)% +e(%e& %* (/e*+$ )*++e(%!*', c:
c=√ V" ( 6.28 )
<he' )e'%+*!& *)(%!*' ('& %!$e (+e "'6'*' 4CMT !'/e+!*'5, %he+*#e$ #e)*$e '*'>!'e(+, * ISOLA e+*+$ ( 3+!& e(+)h */e+%hee (+($e%e+ ('& ("%*$(%!)( ee)% %he *"%!*' %h(%$!'!$!e V" 4e.3. Q"!'%e+* e% (., 201 V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2008(V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. The +e"%!'3 MT *"%!*' )(' %he' #e
&e)*$*e& !'%* DC ('& CLD )*$*'e'%, ! +e-"!+e& 4Se)%!*'.25.Re)*+&e& (/e*+$ )*'%(!' e++*+ ('& GF (+e !$e+e)%, * he'( *"%!*' ! )()"(%e&, /!"( ('& -"('%!%(%!/e )he)6 (+e +e-"!+e&%* (e (/e*+$ ?% ('& *"%!*' +e!(#!!%. S*6* ('& V(h+(&'f64201=5 +*/!&e ( &e%(!e& e;('(%!*' * %he e++*+ ('& "')e+%(!'%%** (/(!(#e !' ISOLA. He+e, e #+!e@ &e)+!#e %he (+*()he"e& !' %h! %he!. A%h*"3h %he */e+( /("e * R )(' #e "e& %*$e("+e *"%!*' -"(!%, )*e %(%!*' %h(% h(/e (+3e ($!%"&e)(' #!( !% /("e. The+e*+e, !% ! !$*+%('% %* (e R *+!'&!/!&"( %(%!*' ('& )*$*'e'%. I' %h! )(e, **+ )*++e(%e&(/e*+$ ?% h*"& #e e/("(%e& ('& *!# e!$!'(%e& +*$ %he!'/e+!*'. P*!#e e++*+ !' (/e*+$ h!3h!3h% %he 'ee& %* )(++
1=0
![Page 132: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 132/228
*"% =ac++ning, h!)h ! %he +*)e * %e$(%!)( +e$*/!'3!'&!/!&"( %(%!*' ('& )*$*'e'% +*$ %he !'/e+!*' %* )()"(%e%he eJe)% * &(%( ('& $*&e!'3 e++*+ *' CMT (+($e%e+ 4S*6*('& V(h+(&'!6, 201=5. Thee ('(e )(' he %* +e$*/e **+(/e*+$ %h(% $( #e (Je)%e& # &!%"+#(')e ")h ( %(%!*'
%!%!'3 *+ )!!'3, h!)h e+e '*% +e)*3'!e& &"+!'3 !'!%!( +e>+*)e!'3. F!+%>$*%!*' *(+!%!e )(' #e "e& %* /(!&(%e %he*#%(!'e& *)( $e)h('!$, ( e ( !% )e'%+*!& &e%h ('& %he/e*)!% $*&e ("$e&. MT *"%!*' h*"& (* #e )+*)he)6e&!%h (' +e*+%e& CMT *"%!*', ")h ( %h*e +*$ %he USGS>NEIC('& GCMT +*e)%.
..M"%!e>*"+)e $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*'
I %he *#e+/e& (/e*+$ (+e )*$e;, (' e(+%h-"(6e $( #e)*$*e& * $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e 4"#>e/e'%5 !%h &!Je+e'%
)e'%+*!& ('& /(+!(#e *)( $e)h('!$. E;%e'&e& +"%"+e (+e*%e' $('!e%e& ( &!+e)%!/!% eJe)% !' +e)*+&e& (/e*+$4V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. The+e*+e, %he *#e+/e& (/e*+$,
x (+e ( "')%!*' * %he )"$"(%!/e "$ * & $*$e'%>+(%e %e'*+,M )*'/*/e& !%h (%!( &e+!/(%!/e * GF:
x=∑i=1
N
M i∗Gi( 6.29 )
C()"(%!'3 %!$e>&ee'&e'% MT "!'3 %eee!$!) (/e*+$ ! ('e%(#!he& $e%h*& 4e.3. K('($*+! e% (., 12 L( e% (., 2010#
T(! e% (., 20075, #"% ISOLA +e+ee'% %he ?+% (!)(%!*' %*+e3!*'(*)( (/e*+$ !% h( #ee' "e& !' e/e+( %"&!e *+%h! "+*e 4Q"!'%e+* e% (., 201 V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 2007V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. The (!$ * $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e!'/e+!*' ! '*% %* +*&")e $**%h ! &!%+!#"%!*' !% ! !'%e(&$*+e (6!' %* !$(3!'3 &!)+e%e ! (%)he 4e.3. (e ('&B*")h*', 2005. The (&/('%(3e * ( $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e+e+ee'%(%!*' */e+ ! !'/e+!*' (+e %he *+$e+9 (#!!% %*&e%e+$!'e e/e'% %!$!'3, h!)h )(' )*'%+(!' +"%"+e /e*)!%, ('&%* +e%+!e/e $e)h('!$ *' &!Je+e'% ("%. F"+%he+ "#>e/e'% )('
#e (&&e& "'%! R )*'/e+3e (%h*"3h R $( !')+e(e, %he!$+*/e$e'% !' ?% $"% #e %(%!%!)( !3'!?)('%. M*+e*/e+, "#>e/e'% !%h &!Je+e'% ("%!'3 %e h*"& #e !'&ee'&e'%/e+!?e& !%h *%he+ e!$**3!)( ('& 3e*h!)( *#e+/(%!*'.
T* +e%+!e/e $"%!e "#>e/e'%, %he h!3he% "(#e +e-"e'), f 9 $"% #e 3+e(%e+ %h(' %he *"+)e )*+'e+ +e-"e'), f c 4Se)%!*'..15. I' %h! )(e, GF h*"& #e )*$"%e& "!'3 ( $*$e'%+(%e"')%!*' * ?'!%e e'3%h, ")h ( ( %+!('3e 4F!3"+e .15. T* ?'&$"%!e "#>e/e'% (% &!Je+e'% *)(%!*', ( 2>D 3+!& * %+!( *!'%>*"+)e ! "e& %* ?'& %he #e%>?%%!'3 *)(%!*' * e()h e/e'%4Se)%!*' ..25. ) priori !'*+$(%!*' *' ("% 3e*$e%+ $( #e "e&
%* )*'%+(!' %he 3+!& %* ( 3!/e' ('e 4e.3. Q"!'%e+* e% (., 201V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015.
1=1
![Page 133: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 133/228
F*+ $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*', ISOLA )(' %(6e %* &!Je+e'%(+*()he. The ?+% $e%h*& ! iterative deconvolution 4ID5. ID*+6 # %e$(%!)( 3+!& e(+)h!'3 */e+ ( e% * *!'%>*"+)e*' ( 3!/e' ('e %* $!'!$!e %he L2 $!?% #e%ee' *#e+/e& ('&'%he%!) (/e*+$ 4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 20075. E()h *!'%>*"+)e, Mi
! 3!/e' # ( "'!% %e'*+, a, )((+ $*$e'%, #, ('& %!$e, / :
M i=ai mT (t ) ( 6.30 )
The ?+% %e ! %* (+*;!$(%e %he e'%!+e (/e*+$ "!'3 %he ?+%*!'%>*"+)e:
x− M 1∗G
1=0 ( 6.31 )
Th! e-"(%!*' ! */e& "!'3 e(% -"(+e %* ?'& %he M" ('& ( 3+!&e(+)h ?'& %he *!%!*' ('& )e'%+*!& %!$e %h(% 3!/e %he h!3he%)*++e(%!*' /("e. S'%he%!) * %he ?+% *"+)e, s1 (+e "#e-"e'%+e$*/e& +*$ %he *#e+/e& (/e*+$ ('& ( e)*'& *"+)e !*/e& *+, !' %he ($e ( 4V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015:
( x−s1)− M 2∗G2=0 ( 6.32 )
I' ID, %he $*$e'%>+(%e "')%!*' ! e-"( *+ #*%h *"+)e. The+e*+e, %* 'e3(%e *%e'%!( (+%!()% )("e& # %h! ("$%!*',ISOLA (* (&*% non:negative least s4uares 4NNLS5 !'/e+!*'4V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. The NNLS +*#e$ ! (+($e%e+!e&!' ( &!Je+e'% ( %* ID: *"+)e h(/e %he!+ DC MT ('& *!%!*', a +e)+!#e&. The $*$e'% +(%e ! +e+ee'%e& # J h!%e& %+!('3e"')%!*', FGtH, e()h )e'%+e& (% %!$e *!%!*', t j
i . The )()"(%e&'*'>'e3(%!/e e!3h% * e()h %+!('3e ! 3!/e' # n j
i :
M i=ai∑ j=1
7
n j
i .( t −t j
i ) ( 6.33 )
Th! +e(%!*'h! ! *+$e& ( ( !'e(+ !'/e+e +*#e$ # !'e+%!'3
E-'. .== !'%* E-'. .2, ('& *#%(!'!'3:
x−∑i=1
N
∑ j=1
7
n j
ia
i ( t −t j
i )∗Gi=0 ( 6.34 )
h!)h ! $!'!$!e& "!'3 NNLS 4L(*' ('& H('*', 175. I' %he"e * NNLS !' %h! %he!, *"+)e *!%!*' (+e &e%e+$!'e& "!'3 (3+!& e(+)h, ('& DC $e)h('!$ (+e 3!/e' # )*++e*'&!'3*%!$"$ ID +e"%. The $*$e'% * e()h *"+)e )(' #e )*'%+(!'e&,h!)h %(#!!e %he !'/e+!*', (%h*"3h !% h( #ee' h*' %h(% %hee;()% /("e * %*%( $*$e'% &*e '*% &+($(%!)( !'@"e')e
)e'%+*!& %!$e ('& *!%!*' 4Q"!'%e+* e% (., 2015. F"+%he+$*+e, !%! *"'& %h(% $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' "!'3 NNLS %e'& %*
1=2
![Page 134: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 134/228
)()"(%e "#>e/e'% %h(% (+e $*+e )*$()% !' ()e )*$(+e&!%h ID. V(h+(&'!6 e% (. 42015 h* %h(% ! %(%!*' &!%+!#"%!*' !**+, ")h ( *+ *Jh*+e "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e, %he NNLS$e%h*& +*&")e $*+e +e!(#e +e"% %h(' ID.
.7=>D (/e*+$ !$"(%!*'
A &!)"e& !' Se)%!*' ..2, MT !'/e+!*' * +e3!*'(*)((/e*+$ %!)( ("$e !$e 1>D E(+%h $*&e ('& @(% +e!e.H*e/e+, %he eJe)% * %**3+(h ('& %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!%)(' e(& %* )*$e; (/e*+$ he'*$e'( %h(% )(''*% #e$*&ee& !%h 1>D GF 4e.3. M(3'*'! e% (., 2015. A))*"'%!'3 *+%**3+(h!) eJe)%, ")h ( ($!?e& 3+*"'& $*%!*' ('& $"%!e+e@e)%!*' *' h! ('& +!&3e 4e.3. S. Z. Lee e% (., 2005 $(+e&")e (/e*+$ $!?%. T**3+(h ('& #(%h$e%+ %e'& %* #e
%ee (#*/e ( "#&")%!*' *+e(+) 4e.3. *+e(+) #(!', )*(%(+('3e ('& %he $(3$(%!) (+)5 %hee e(%"+e h*"& #e ())*"'%e&*+ !' ())"+(%e (/e*+$ $*&e!'3. I' Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e, e!'e++e& !3'!?)('% 2>D ('& =>D /e*)!% /(+!(%!*' #e'e(%h %he)e'%+( Ch!e *+e(+). The+e*+e, %he eJe)% * !'())"+(%e GF *' MT%"&!e !' %h! +e3!*' h*"& #e (ee&. A' !$+*/e$e'% !' GF())"+() ! (&/('%(3e*" #e)("e !% (* (* MT !'/e+!*' *$( e(+%h-"(6e 4!.e. Mw ^ =.05, !')e h!3he+ +e-"e')(/e*+$ !3'( 4 0.1 H5 'ee& %* #e $*&ee&.
.7.1The e)%+( ee$e'% $e%h*&
The (&/e'% * (+(e )*$"%!'3 h( (*e& ())"+(%e '"$e+!)((/e*+$ !$"(%!*' (% ( +('3e * )(e. O'e !$"(%!*'(+*()h "e nite:diIerences 4FD5, h!)h h(/e #ee' !&e "e&!' (% %"&!e 4e.3., M(&(+!(3(, 1 !+!e";, 18 Oe' ('&A+)h"e%(, 1 M*)* e% (., 2005. The $(!' &!(&/('%(3e * %heFD $e%h*& ! !% **+ h('&!'3 * h(+ %+")%"+( !'%e+()e, ")h( %**3+(h!) +e!e 4e.3. T(++( e% (., 20115. The+e*+e, FD (+e'*% (+*+!(%e *+ ( "#&")%!*' *'e e%%!'3, he+e %he+e (+e%+*'3 %**3+(h!) /(+!(%!*' ('& )*$e; 3e**3!)( !'%e+()e
")h ( %he "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"% ('& %he )*'%!'e'%( M*h* 4eeCh(%e+ T*5. I'%e(&, nite:ele#ents 4FE5 $( #e (/*"+e& &"e %*%he!+ @e;!#!!% !' h*'*"+!'3 3e**3!)( &!)*'%!'"!%!e (%h*"3h %he!+)()"(%!*' )*$e (% ( h!3h )*$"%(%!*'( )*%.I' %h! %he!, e "e %he spectral:ele#ent #ethod 4he+e(%e+,
SEM5, h!)h ! #(e& "*' %he !'e(+ ('e(%!) (/e e-"(%!*'. The+!$(+ (&/('%(3e * SEM ! %h(% !% )*$#!'e %he ())"+() *e"&*>FE $e%h*& !%h %he @e;!#!!% * FD. SEM )()"(%ee!$!) (/e?e& *' ( $eh * he;(he&+( ?'!%e>ee$e'% (%e()h ee$e'%, h!3h &e3+ee L(3+('3e *'*$!( (+e "e& %*e'"+e (%!( ())"+() 4M(3'*'! e% (., 2015. The L(3+('3!('
$e%h*& +*/!&e !$e %!$e !'%e3+(%!*' !%h*"% %he )*$e;!% **/!'3 !'e(+ e-"(%!*'. M*+e*/e+, %he &!(3*'( $( $(%+!;
1==
![Page 135: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 135/228
(*)!(%e& !%h %h! $e%h*& $e(' %h(% SEM ! e (&(%e& *+ "e*' (+(e, h!3h e+*+$(')e )*$"%!'3 (+)h!%e)%"+e. The SEM (?+% "e& %* !$"(%e *)( ('& +e3!*'( )(e (/e +*(3(%!*'4e.3. K*$(%!%)h e% (., 2010 Se+!('! e% (., 12 T(e e% (., 20105,#"% h( !')e #ee' (&(%e& *+ "e *' ( 3*#( )(e.
I' %h! %he!, e "e %he SEM>#(e& *%(+e ()6(3e, SPEC@EM6FCartesian 4e.3. Pe%e+ e% (., 20115 %* $*&e (/e*+$ +*$e(+%h-"(6e !' %he )e'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e. S!$"(%!*' (+e)()"(%e& "!'3 (' ())"+(%e %+")%"+( $*&e #(e& *' %he =>D v p ('& v pv s $*&e &e)+!#e& !' Ch(%e+ F!/e. I' SPECFEM=D, e!$!)*"+)e (+e &e?'e& # %he!+ !; MT )*$*'e'%, %!$e h!%, )e'%+*!&*)(%!*' ('& h( &"+(%!*' * %he *"+)e>%!$e "')%!*'. A%%e'"(%!*'! )()"(%e& # (' e$!+!)( +e(%!*'h! %h(% ! +e(%e& %* v s 4Oe'e% (., 2005.
.7.2Meh &e!3'
T* +*&")e (/e +*(3(%!*' !$"(%!*', e 3e'e+(%e ( =>D $eh%h(% h*'*"+ %he %**3+(h ('& #(%h$e%+ * %he )e'%+( Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e. A h!3h>-"(!% he;(he&+( $eh ! /!%( *+ %he'"$e+!)( ())"+() * !$"(%!*'. A' !$*+%('% (+($e%e+ %*)*'!&e+ !' $eh &e!3' ! %he $(;!$"$ *+&e+ * L(3+('3e*'*$!(, n. I n ^ , '"$e+!)( !'())"+()!e #e)*$e !$!(+ %*%h*e * %+(&!%!*'( FE $e%h*&. I n , '"$e+!)( ())"+()!$+*/e, #"% )*$"%(%!*'( )*% #e)*$e ( !$!%!'3 ()%*+.
The+e*+e, !' %he !$"(%!*' +ee'%e& !' %h! %he!, e "e n .
The $!'!$"$ $eh 3+!& ()!'3, ∆ xmin , &ee'& *' n, %he$!'!$"$ v s * %he $*&e, ('& %he h*+%e% +e*/(#e e+!*&, / 1:
∆ xmin=v sminT 0
n+1
5 (n)( 6.35 )
he+e %he '"$#e+ * *!'% e+ (/ee'3%h, fGnH 45 h*"& #e3+e(%e+ %h(' *+ e-"( %* 7 4C((+*%%! e% (., 20085. The e)*'&)*'%+(!'% 3*/e+'!'3 $eh &e!3' ! %he %(#!!% * %he !$"(%!*'%!$e %e. F*+ ( 3!/e' $eh ()!'3, %he+e ! (' "e+ !$!% * %he%!$e %e, h!)h ! &ee'&e'% *' C*"+('% %(#!!% '"$#e+, C, ('&
$(;!$"$ v p !'!&e %he $*&e:∆ t <#
∆ xmin
v !max
( 6.36 )
I %h! )+!%e+!*' ! e;)ee&e&, '"$e+!)( )()"(%!*' #e)*$e"'%(#e C /("e * 0.=0. )(' #e ("$e& *+ &e*+$e& ('&he%e+*3e'e*" $ehe 4C((+*%%! e% (., 20085.B(e& *' %he 3+!& )+!%e+!( &e)+!#e& (#*/e, *)( ('& +e3!*'((/e*+$ !$"(%!*' )(' +e-"!+e ( $eh %h(% )*'%(!' h"'&+e& * %h*"('& %* %e' * $!!*' ee$e'%. Th! !"e h!3h!3h% %he
'ee& %* 3e'e+(%e ( $eh "!'3 ( (+(e )*$"%!'3 +*)e. <e"e %he e$!("%*$(%!) $eh!'3 )*&e, !EC?K-/ 4C((+*%%! e% (.,
1=
![Page 136: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 136/228
20085, h!)h "e ( P%h*' !'%e+()e %* e'& $eh!'3 )*$$('&!' (+(e. Th! )*&e )(' 3e'e+(%e he;(he&+( $ehe %h(% h*'*"+"+()e %**3+(h ('& 3e**3!)( &!)*'%!'"!%!e. I' %h! %he!, ee% $eh ee$e'% %* %+!!)(%e (#*/e 0 6$, (' (/e+(3e &e%h *+%he M*h* !' )e'%+( Ch!e 4Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e5. Th! ?'e+
()!'3 (* ())"+(%e !$"(%!*' !' (+e( * * v s, ")h ( %he$(+!'e *+e(+), ('& 3+e(%e+ ee$e'% ()!'3 !' h!3h v p +e3!*' (%&e%h %* +e&")e )*$"%(%!*'( e;e'e # (*!'3 ( (+3e+ %!$e%e. I' %h! %he!, %he "e+ $eh "+()e ! #(e& *' h!3h>+e*"%!*' $*&e * %**3+(h ('& #(%h$e%+ *+ %he )e'%+(Ch!e $(+3!'. <e "e %he 0 $ +e*"%!*' Sh"%%e R(&(+
T**3+(h!) M!!*' &!3!%( ee/(%!*' $*&e ('& %he =0 Ge'e+(B(%h$e%+!) Ch(+% * %he O)e(' 4GEBCO5 &(%(e%.
.S"$$(+ Th! )h(%e+ h( &e)+!#e& ('& e;(!'e& ( &e%(!e& *+6@* *">(/e*+$ MT !'/e+!*' %h(% )()"(%e e!%he+ !'3e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*' *+ $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*' *+ )*$e;+"%"+e. The (%%e+ $e%h*& *+$ %he #(! * %he **!'3)h(%e+, h!)h *)"e *' &e%(!e& *"+)e +*)ee * (+3e"#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e. S!'3e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' * $(e+e(+%h-"(6e ! !$e$e'%e& %* +*/!&e !'&ee'&e'% e/!&e')e *+()%!/e ("%!'3 (&()e'% %* %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e 4Ch(%e+Se/e' ('& E!3h%5. M(' $e%h*& (+e (/(!(#e %* $e("+e$*&e!'3 ('& &(%( "')e+%(!'%!e, h!)h h*"& #e "e& %* (e%he %(#!!% * MT *"%!*'. I'%e++e%!'3 '*'>DC e(+%h-"(6e
+e$(!' ( )h(e'3e: *'>3*!'3 &e#(%e h* h* '*'>DCe(+%h-"(6e )(' #e (%%+!#"%e& %* #*%h ("%!'3 )*$e;!% ('&(+%e()% &"e %* ("$%!*' "e& !' (/e*+$ $*&e!'3.
The+e*+e, %he !'%e++e%(%!*' * )*$e; MT +e-"!+e )(+e")*'!&e+(%!*'.R*"3h %**3+(h ('& %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% )(' %+*'3 (Je)%(/e*+$ * e(+%h-"(6e %h(% (+e +e)*+&e& (% %he "+()e. T*!"%+(%e %h! *!'%, (/e*+$ #(e& *' +e(!%!) =>D %+")%"+e )('!$+*/e (/e*+$ ?% !' MT !'/e+!*' # $*+e %h(' 70 4R($*>M(+%f'e ('& M)Me)h(', 20015. =>D eJe)% (+e !6e %* #e+*$!'e'% !' ( "#&")%!*' *'e, e% '* "#!he& %"&!e h(/e
!'/e%!3(%e& %h! %*!). A&/(')e$e'% !' %h! ?e& ! +*#(# !$!%e&&"e %* e/e+( ()%*+, !')"&!'3 %he ()6 * h!3h>-"(!% #+*(&#('&&(%(, %he h*+%(3e * e>)*'%+(!'e& /e*)!% $*&e, ('& %heh!3h )*$"%(%!*'( )*% * =>D !$"(%!*'. The )e'%+( Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e +*/!&e ( '(%"+( (#*+(%*+ %* (e =>D (/e+*(3(%!*', &"e %* %he (/(!(#!!% * ( &e%(!e& %+")%"+( $*&e4( +ee'%e& !' Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e5 ('& e;%e'!/e #+*(&#('&+e)*+&!'3 * (%e+h*)6 **!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e. I' %he**!'3 )h(%e+, e &e$*'%+(%e h* ">(/e*+$ !$"(%!*')(' #e "e& h* h* MT *"%!*' * *Jh*+e "#&")%!*'
e(+%h-"(6e $( #e #!(e&. <e (* "e =>D !$"(%!*' %*e%(#!h h* %+e ! %+('e++e& +*$ (%e !'%e+()e ! %*
1=7
![Page 137: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 137/228
(&()e'% ("% !' %he "e+ (%e. I' Ch(%e+ E!3h%, e (* (eh* ">(/e*+$ !'/e+!*' )(' #e "e& %* +*/!&e (&&!%!*'()*'%+(!'% *' "#"+()e /e*)!% %+")%"+e.
Ch(%e+
SEISMIC SLIP ON AN UPPER PLATE NORMAL FAULT DURING A LARGE
SUBDUCTION MEGATHRUST RUPTURE Th! )h(%e+ ! +*$ ( (e+ %h(% h( #ee' +e"#$!%%e& (%e+*!%!/e +ee+ee )*$$e'% *+ "#!)(%!*'h( #ee' "#!he& !'&ature !eoscience. The $('")+!% ( ?+% "#$!%%e& *' Z"'e 1,2017 ('&, ())e%e& *+ "#!)(%!*' *' Se%e$#e+ 2=, 2017, ('&"#!he& *'!'e *' N*/e$#e+ 1, 2017. The ! )"++e'% !' +e/!e4+e"#$!%%e& *' A"3"% 11, 20175 !%(e+ ! +!%%e' # S%ehe'H!)6 4$(!' ("%h*+5 ('& A'&+e( R!e%#+*)6 4U'!/e+!% * L!/e+**5.
Th! +ee(+)h ( %he +!$(+ *)" * $ PhD +ee(+)h &"+!'3
Se%e$#e+ M( 201 Z"'e 2017. The Me%h*& e)%!*' ('&S"e$e'%(+ I'*+$(%!*' * %he "#$!%%e& $('")+!% (+e!')*+*+(%e& !'%* %he $(!' #*& * %h! )h(%e+. Th! +ee(+)h (%he +!$(+ *)" * $ PhD +*e)% &"+!'3 Z" 201 Z"'e 2017.
The (!$ * %h! )h(%e+ ! %* (e * ( *"+)e )*$e;!% * ($e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e # e+*+$!'3 $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e!'/e+!*' * *)( +e)*+&e& e!$!) (/e*+$ 4Ke A!$ 25. <e(* "e !$"(%!*' * =>D (/e +*(3(%!*' %* (e *!#e#!(e !' *"+)e $e)h('!$ (+($e%e+. The +e"% !"%+(%e h*! *' %he (%e !'%e+()e +e*'& %* %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% !'%he "e+ (%e (% h*+% %!$e)(e.
1=
![Page 138: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 138/228
M('")+!% (#%+()%
U'&e+%('&!'3 %he &!%+!#"%!*' * ("% ! &"+!'3 (+3e "#&")%!*'
*'e e(+%h-"(6e ! /!%( *+ -"('%!!'3 ())"$"(%!*' ('& +ee(e* %e)%*'!) %+ee &"+!'3 %he e!$!) ))e. S! !'/e+!*' (+e%!)( )*'%+(!'e& %* ( !'3e 6'*' ("% ('e. H*e/e+, !$( *))"+ *' $"%!e ("% &"e %* %+e %+!33e+!'3, +e"%!'3 !'he'*$e'( ")h ( e(+%h-"(6e &*"#e%. <h!e ")h he'*$e'((+e +e*+%e& *+ ("% !%h!' %he "#&")%!'3 (%e, %he+e (+e '*&*)"$e'%e& )(e * +(!& %+e %+!33e+!'3 +*$ %he (%e!'%e+()e %* ("% !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e. B ('(!'3 *)( e!$!)(/e*+$, e h* %h(% (' Mw .1 e(+%h-"(6e !' %he Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e, ("$e& %* h(/e ( !$e $e)h('!$ * (%e!'%e+()e %h+"%!'3, ( )*$*e& * %* +"%"+e *' e(+(%e
("%. <!%h!' 12 e)*'&, ( (%e !'%e+()e %h+"% e/e'% %+!33e+e& ((+3e +"%"+e *' (' "e+ (%e '*+$( ("% =0 6$ ((. Th!)*'?3"+(%!*' * ( (+%!%!*'e& +"%"+e ! )*'!%e'% !%h '*+$(("%!'3 !' %he e'"!'3 (%e+h*)6 e-"e')e. O"+ +e"% +*/!&e'e e/!&e')e *+ !'%('%('e*" %+!33e+!'3 * e!$!) ! !' %he"e+ (%e )("e& # ( (%e !'%e+()e +"%"+e. The "e+ (%e+"%"+e ( $(6e& +*$ %eee!$!) (/e*+$ ('& '*% +e*+%e&!' 3*#( $*$e'% %e'*+ *"%!*'. O"+ ?'&!'3 *e 'e)h(e'3e *+ +e(>%!$e %"'($! (+'!'3 %e$ !' %he &e%e)%!*'* h(* "e+ (%e +"%"+e.
.1I'%+*&")%!*'A +e)e'% "))e!*' * (+3e 4Mw 85 e(+%h-"(6e !' )!+)"$>P()!?)"#&")%!*' *'e h( *)"e& (%%e'%!*' *' %he +e(%!*'h!#e%ee' h!)( +*e+%!e ('& %+e &!%+!#"%!*' (*'3 %he$e3(%h+"% (%e !'%e+()e. Se!$!) +"%"+e (*'3 %he $e3(%h+"%)(' #e /!ee& ( $**%h ('& (%!( /(+!'3 (%)he * ! *' (!'3e ("% !' %h! )(e, %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e 4e.3.M*+e'* e% (., 20125. The ("% 3e*$e%+ "e& !' e(+ )*e!$!)! $*&e ! "'&e+!''e& # )e'%+*!& $*$e'% %e'*+ 4CMT5*"%!*' *%e' +e*+%e& # e(+%h-"(6e $*'!%*+!'3 (3e')!e.
A%h*"3h $*+e *h!%!)(%e& ! !'/e+!*' "e )"+/e& ("% #(e&*' +e3!*'( "#&")%!*' 3e*$e%+ 4e.3. H(e e% (., 20125, ! !'e(+ (( (!3'e& %* ( !'3e ("%.A' (%e+'(%!/e +"%"+e )*'?3"+(%!*' ! ! *))"++!'3 *' e(+(%e("% &"e %* %(%!) *+ &'($!) %+!33e+!'3 +*)ee 4F+ee&, 2005,+e"%!'3 !' he'*$e'( ")h ( &*"#e% 4e.3. A$$*' e% (., 20085.A &*"#e% ! %he *))"++e')e * %* 'e(+# e(+%h-"(6e !%h !$!(+$(3'!%"&e. The %!$e &e( #e%ee' +"%"+e )(' +('3e +*$$*'%h 4e.3. A$$*' e% (., 20085 %* e)*'& 4L( e% (., 201=5.M(' &*)"$e'%e& )(e * "#&")%!*' *'e &*"#e% !'/*/e%+!33e+!'3 #e%ee' %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e ('& &ee>+**%e&("% !' %he &*'3*!'3 (%e 4A$$*' e% (., 2008 L( e% (.,2010#5. A%h*"3h %he !$!)(%!*' *+ %"'($! h((+& (+e
1=
![Page 139: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 139/228
!3'!?)('%, %he+e (+e '* +e*+%e& )(e * +(!& %+!33e+!'3 +*$ %he(%e !'%e+()e %* %he "e+ (%e, he+e %he+e (+e )*$e; ("%!'3'e%*+6 4A"&!' e% (., 2008 Me'!)6 e% (., 2005. T* +e*/e%+!33e+e& ("%!'3 !' ")h )(e, &e'e *)( e!$!) *#e+/(%!*'(+e 'ee&e&. A +e3!*' !%h ( "!%(# &e'e 'e%*+6 *
e!$*$e%e+ ! %he )e'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e (%e+ %he Mw 8.8M("e e(+%h-"(6e !' 2010. The e'"!'3 (%e+h*)6 e-"e')e ()(%"+e& !' &e%(! # %he I'%e+'(%!*'( M("e A%e+h*)6De*$e'% 4e.3. Be)6 e% (., 201 R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125.
Briginti$e;U(C<
Longitude ;=<
Latitude;=<
7epth
;$<!e%.
"7relocate
d20:20:17 >=.82 >=8. =
Th! %"&37
relocated
20:20:17 >=.= >=8.7 2=
C#;Chile<
20:20:11 >=. >=8.= 18
Ce'%+*S!$*X3!)*
N()!*'(420115
U#?#EIC
20:20:1 >=.== >=8.= 2USGS>NEIC
420115
?2'
?EB2B 20:20.1 >2.== >=8.2= 12
GFV>GEOFON
420115Table 7.1: Hypocentral estimates for the Araucania earthquake.
He+e, e *)" *' %he (+3e% !'%e+(%e (%e+h*)6 * %he M("ee-"e')e: %he Mw .1 A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e %h(% *))"++e& *' 2
Z('"(+ 2011 (% 20:20:18 UTC 4T(#e .15. B(e& *' CMT *"%!*'&e+!/e& +*$ %eee!$!) (/e*+$ 4F!3"+e .1 T(#e .25, %heA+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e (e(+ %* #e ( W%+(!3h%*+(+&9 (%e!'%e+()e %h+"%!'3 e/e'% 4E6%+$ e% (., 2012 U'!%e& S%(%eGe**3!)( S"+/e N(%!*'( E(+%h-"(6e I'*+$(%!*' Ce'%e+, 20115.
I% e!)e'%+e( +e3!*' !e %h(% ()%e& ( ( #(++!e+ &"+!'3 %he 10Mw .7 (&!/!( 4M*+e'* e% (., 2005 ('& 2010 Mw 8.8. M("e4M*+e'* e% (., 2012 R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125 e(+%h-"(6e 4F!3"+e.15. M*+e*/e+, %he "e+ (%e !' %h! (+e( ! he(/! ("%e&4Me'!)6 e% (., 200 M*+e'* e% (., 20125. The+e*+e, %he A+(")('!(e(+%h-"(6e ! (' !&e( )('&!&(%e %* e;($!'e *!#e )*''e)%!*'#e%ee' %he (%e !'%e+()e ('& "e+ (%e ("%.
1=8
![Page 140: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 140/228
Figure 7.1: Location map of the Araucania earthquake. Stations used for moment
tensor inversion are labelled by their corresponding station code. Other stations
are used for hypocentre relocation only. Shading indicates rupture areas of great
earthquakes in 1960 (Moreno et al., 2009) and 2010 (Moreno et al., 2012). Inset:
Regional plate tectonic setting.
I' %h! )h(%e+, e "e ( $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' * +e3!*'(e!$!) &(%( 4S*6* ('& V(h+(&'!6, 200 V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 20075.C*$(+e& %* $*+e )*'/e'%!*'( ! !'/e+!*' (*'3 +e>&e?'e&("% ('e 4M*+e'* e% (., 20125 ('& !'3e *!'%>*"+)e CMT!'/e+!*' 4E6%+$ e% (., 20125, e )(' +e%+!e/e !'&!/!&"()e'%+*!& %!$e ('& (* $"%!e ("%!'3 %e *' ( 3+!& * %+!(*!'%>*"+)e. A &e%(!e& "'&e+%('&!'3 * =>D )+"%( /e*)!%%+")%"+e 4Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e5 e'"+e +e!(#e (/e*+$!'/e+!*'. S'%he%!) %e% h* %h(% e )(' ())"+(%e +e*/e (+('3e * e;%e'&e& *"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*' !%h *Jh*+e +"%"+e "!'3*'h*+e e!$!) %(%!*'. A' !'/e+!*' * *#e+/e& (/e*+$+e/e( %h(% %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e ( )*$*e& * %*+"%"+e: %he ?+% &"e %* %h+"%!'3 *' %he (%e !'%e+()e %hee)*'&, ee/e' e)*'& (%e+, *))"++e& &"e %* ! *' (' "e+(%e '*+$( ("%.
.2M(!'h*)6 h*)e'%+e +e*)(%!*'<e $('"( !)6e& P> ('& S>(/e *'e% %!$e (% #*%h *'h*+e ('&*Jh*+e %(%!*' (% ^ 170 6$ &!%(')e 4F!3"+e .15. The *'e% %!$ee+e %he' !'/e+%e& *+ %he h*)e'%+( *)(%!*' !'!&e *"+ *)( =>D
/e*)!% $*&e 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5. O"+ +e*)(%e& h*)e'%+e !e(+*;!$(%e h(( #e%ee' %he )*(%!'e ('& I( M*)h(, =0
1=
![Page 141: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 141/228
6$ %* %he '*+%h * %he USGS )e'%+*!& ('& 3CMT *"%!*' 4F!3"+e.1, T(#e .15. The h*)e'%+( &e%h * 2= 6$ ! )*'!%e'% !%h%he *)(%!*' * %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e, #(e& *' *"+!'&ee'&e'% e%!$(%e * +e3!*'( (# 3e*$e%+ 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5. The(+3e &!)+e(') !' %he CSN 4Ce'%+* S!$*X3!)* N()!*'(5 *)(%!*'
4=0 6$ +e(%!/e %* *"+ =>D +e*)(%!*'5 ! &"e %* =>D e!$!) /e*)!%/(+!(%!*' %h(% )(''*% #e ())*"'%e& *+ "!'3 ( 1>D /e*)!% $*&e"!'3 *'h*+e %(%!*' *'. Th! $!*)(%!*' ! (* &e$*'%+(%e&# *"+ *' *)(%!*' "!'3 ( 1>D /e*)!% $*&e 4T(#e .15.
Centroid Mo$ent tensor !e%.
Long. ;=<
Lat.;=<
7epth
;$<
odalplane "
odalplane *
@7C
Mw
!egional CM(
>=.= >=8.7 2=
=7181
18= 8 .0
/hisstudy
U#?#EIC;wphase<
>=.=7 >=8.= 2 1111
7118
.1USGSNEIC
420115
?lo&alCM(
>=.8 >=8.1 1
0071=
1888 .1
E6%+$e% (.
420125
Table 7.2: Single point-source CMT solutions for the Araucania earthquake. Nodal
planes are described by strike/dip/rake (°).
.2.1D(%( ee)%!*' ('& +*)e!'3
F*+ %he (/e*+$ !'/e+!*' * %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e, e "e&#+*(&#('& ('& %+*'3>$*%!*' %(%!*' %h(% e+e *)(%e& *'h*+e!%h!' (' e!)e'%+( &!%(')e * 200 6$ +*$ %he A+(")('!(e(+%h-"(6e. <e "e& (/e*+$ +*$ %(%!*' %h(% h(/e ( h!3h!3'(>%*>'*!e +(%!* 4 105 !' %he +e-"e') +('3e 0.010.10 H4F!3"+e .25. D"e %* %he )*e +*;!$!% * *$e %(%!*' %* %he
e(+%h-"(6e, e e;)"&e& (/e*+$ +e)*+& %h(% e+e e!%he+)!e&, h(& *'3 e+!*& &!%"+#(')e, *+ !'%+"$e'% %!% eJe)%.
Thee -"(!%>)*'%+* )he)6 +e"%e& !' ( e% * e/e' %(%!*'4!')"&!'3 %* %+*'3>$*%!*' %(%!*'5 *)(%e& '*+%h ('& e(% * %heA+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e 4F!3"+e .15.
10
![Page 142: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 142/228
Figure 7.2: Signal-to-noise ratio analysis for stations used in the single and
multiple point-source inversions. The dashed vertical lines denote the approximate
frequency range used.
.2.2I'/e+!*' (3*+!%h$
I%e+(%!/e &e)*'/*"%!*' 4ID5 4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 20075 ! "e& *+ %he$"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' * &e/!(%*+!) $*$e'% %e'*+. ID*+6 # !'/e+%!'3 *+ %he #e%>?%%!'3 *)( $e)h('!$ ('& %!$!'3* *"+)e *+ ( +e)+!#e& e% * *!'% %* $!'!$!e %he L2 $!?%#e%ee' *#e+/e& ('& '%he%!) (/e*+$. A 3+!& e(+)h ! %he'e+*+$e& %* ee)% %he *"+)e *!%!*' %h(% +*&")e %he h!3he%)*++e(%!*' #e%ee' *#e+/e& ('& '%he%!) (/e*+$. The ?+%!'/e+!*' e;(!' %he ">(/e*+$ "!'3 ( !'3e *"+)e, %he'%he%!) * h!)h (+e %he' "#%+()%e& +*$ %he *#e+/e&(/e*+$. The +e$(!'!'3 (/e*+$ (+e %he' "e& %* !'/e+% *+"#e-"e'% "#>e/e'% 4V(h+(&'!6 e% (., 20075. A%e+ %he +e%+!e/(
* e()h "#>e/e'%, R ! )()"(%e& ('& $('"( (ee& %*e'"+e %h(% $"%!e "#>e/e'% (+e +e-"!+e& # %he &(%( ('& %he(/e*+$ (+e '*% *e ?%%!'3 )*++e(%e& '*!e.F*+ $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*', e "e %he *%(+e ()6(3e, ISOLA4S*6* ('& V(h+(&'!6, 2005. I' %he !'/e+!*', %he $*$e'%>+(%e *%he *"+)e ! +e)+!#e& ('& ! *"'& # $('"( e(+)h!'3 *+ %he*"+)e e'3%h %h(% +*&")e %he $(;!$"$ R. I %he $*$e'%>+(%e* %he *"+)e ! h*+%e+ %h(' %he $!'!$"$ !'/e+%e& e+!*&, %he' %he*"+)e )(' #e +e+ee'%e& # ( &e%( "')%!*'. T* 'e3(%e (+%!()%+*&")e& # ID, e (* %e% %he %(#!!% * *"+ $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*' "!'3 '*'>'e3(%!/e e(% -"(+e 4he+e(%e+, NNLS5!'/e+!*' 4V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. I' %he NNLS (+*()h, %he&*"#e>)*"e *)( $e)h('!$ (% e()h *"+)e ! +e)+!#e&. A%
11
![Page 143: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 143/228
e()h %+!( *!'%>*"+)e *!%!*', %he $*$e'% +(%e ! +e+ee'%e& #( e% * h!%e& %+!('3e. The e!3h% * e()h %+!('3e ! %he'!'/e+%e& *+ "!'3 NNLS. I' %h! )h(%e+, e "e *'e>e)*'& %+!('3eh!%. The $*$e'% * e()h *"+)e )(' #e )*'%+(!'e&, h!)h%(#!!e %he !'/e+!*', (%h*"3h %he e;()% /("e * %*%( $*$e'%
&*e '*% &+($(%!)( !'@"e')e *"+)e %!$!'3 *+ *!%!*'4Q"!'%e+* e% (., 2015. The !'/e+!*' ! e+*+$e& *' #('&(>?%e+e& &!()e$e'%(/e*+$. The eJe)% * &!Je+e'% 1>D /e*)!% $*&e ( %e%e&%he ?'( *"%!*' e+e )()"(%e& "!'3 ( /e*)!% $*&e(+*+!(%e *+ %he )*(%!'e * *"%h>)e'%+( Ch!e 4F!3"+e .=5. <e('(e& %he eJe)% * &(%( e++*+ ('& !$e+e)% G+ee'9 "')%!*'# %e$(%!)( +e$*/!'3 !e)e * &(%( +*$ %he !'/e+!*'4()66'!?'35. <he+e "#"+()e %+")%"+e ! )*$e;, +e$*/( *)e+%(!' %(%!*' $( h(/e ( (+3e eJe)% *' %he ?'( *"%!*' 4S*6*('& V(h+(&'!6, 201=5. B(e& *' %he ('(! * !3'(>%*>'*!e +(%!*4F!3"+e .25, e "e& ( *e+$*% +e-"e') !$!% * 0.02 H%h+*"3h*"% %h! )h(%e+. The "e+ +e-"e') !$!% ( &ee'&e'%*' %he *"+)e (+($e%e+!(%!*' "e& 4!'3e *+ $"%!e *"+)e5.
Figure 7.3: 1-D velocity models tested in this study based on our local
tomographic model (Chapter Five). Model B (Coastline) was used for the final
source solutions.
.=S'%he%!) %e%
.=.1Re*/!'3 )((#!!% * $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e
Be*+e !'/e+%!'3 %he +e( &(%(, e %e%e& %he e+*+$(')e * *"+!'/e+!*' %+(%e3, ('& !% (#!!% %* +e*/e $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e
12
![Page 144: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 144/228
# !$"(%!'3 e/e+( &!Je+e'% *"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*'. <e %he'!'/e+%e& %hee '%he%!) (/e*+$ ( #*%h !'3e ('& $"%!e*!'%>*"+)e $*&e. He+e, e &e)+!#e %he +e"% "!'3 !%e+(%!/e&e)*'/*"%!*' 4ID5. B(e& *' 3*#( CMT *"%!*' 4F!3"+e .1, T(#e.25, e ("$e& %h(% %he )("(%!/e ("% ('e ( %he h(*,
e(%(+& &!!'3 "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e. <e &e!3'e& ( 2>D3+!& * %+!( *!'%>*"+)e %h(% !e !' %he ($e *+!e'%(%!*' ( %he$e3(%h+"% ("% 4F!3"+e .5, ())*+&!'3 %* +e3!*'( (%e !'%e+()e3e*$e%+ 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5. The ('e * %+!( 3+!& *!%!*' (e%h+*"3h %he h*)e'%+e * %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e.
1=
![Page 145: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 145/228
Figure 7.4: Synthetic source recovery tests for different source configurations (A-D). The
number above each beach ball represents the input and recovered centroid time of each
source. For the single-source inversion, focal mechanisms are coloured by %DC. For the
multiple source inversion results, focal mechanisms are coloured by the Kagan angle
(minimum rotation angle) with respect to the corresponding input beach ball.
G!/e' %he e')*"+(3!'3 +e"% +*$ %he %(%!*' )*/e+(3e %e%, *"+'e;% %e ! %* )*'!&e+ he%he+ )e+%(!' *"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*' $(#!( +e%+!e/( * MT (+($e%e+. P+e/!*" &*)"$e'%e& e;($e *"!'3 ISOLA %* +e*/e $"%!e "#>e/e'% ("$e& ( ?;e& *)($e)h('!$ 4Q"!'%e+* e% (., 201 V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. T*(&/(')e %hee +e/!*" %"&!e, *"+ *#e)%!/e !' %h! )h(%e+ ! %*(e *"+)e )*$e;!% &"e %* %+!33e+!'3 *' 'e(+# ("%.
The+e*+e, e %e%e& ( )*$#!'(%!*' * "#>e/e'% ("%!'3 %e. O"+*"+ $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e )e'(+!* ('& )*++e*'&!'3 +e"% (+e
"$$(+!e& !' F!3"+e . ('& T(#e .=.
1
![Page 146: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 146/228
F*+ $*% * %hee )(e, %he !'/e+!*' +e*/e %he %!$!'3 * %he%* "#>e/e'% %he +e(%!/e $*$e'% * %he *"+)e ! (*+e)*/e+e&. H*e/e+, *+ !'3e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*', %he+e)*/e+e& $*$e'% +ee(e &*e '*% (( e-"( %he "$ * #*%h!'"% "#>e/e'%. Th! &!)+e(') ! (+%!)"(+ '*%!)e(#e he+e
#*%h "#>e/e'% (+e +e/e+e ("%!'3 4C(e A ('& B5, h!)h (*+e"% !' ( *e+ /(+!(')e +e&")%!*' 4R5. I$*+%('%, ((+% +*$he+e %he *Jh*+e "#>e/e'% ! (+3e+ ('& +"%"+e e(+!e+ 4C(eD5, %he &*"#e>)*"e e+)e'%(3e 4DC5 +*$ %he !'3e>*"+)e!'/e+!*' ! h!3h, *%e'%!( $(6!'3 *"+)e )*$e;!% 4R!/e+(('& K('($*+!, 2015. I' %h! )(e, %he +e%+!e/e& $e)h('!$ ! $*%!$!(+ %* %he ?+% "#>e/e'%. <e e)"(%e %h(% %he +e"% $()*$e +*$ %he )*$e; "e+*!%!*' * h!3h ($!%"&e *'3 e+!*&(/e +*$ %hee %* e/e'% he' %he (++!/e (% %he %(%!*'. Th!+e"% *))"+ &"e %* %he "'e/e' &!%+!#"%!*' * %(%!*' ('& $e('%h(% e $( '*% #e (#e %* +e*/e ( &*"#e% !'/*/!'3 ( (+3e+*Jh*+e +"%"+e *))"++!'3 #e*+e ( $(e+ e/e'% %h(% ! *)(%e&)*e+ %* %he %(%!*'. B(e& *' R ('& "#>e/e'% +e%+!e/(e+*+$(')e, %he #e% *"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*' *+ *"+ 'e%*+6 ! %he)(e * ( %h+"% e/e'% **e& # ( $(e+ e;%e'!*'( +"%"+e"+%he+ *Jh*+e 4C(e C5.
17
![Page 147: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 147/228
R e c o v e r e d S o u r c e s
M u l t i p l e - s o u r c e i n v e r s i o n S
u b - e
v e n t I I
R o t .
a n g l e 1 1 1 2
1
M e c h .
5 / 3 / 9 7
1 / 5 9 / 9 0
1 / 5 9 / - 8 9
2 1 0 / 1 1 / - 6 1
t ( s )
2 0
2 0
2 0
1 9
P o s . 3
3 1 6
1 6
3 2
S u b - e v
e n t I
R o t .
a n g l e 3 3 2 1
2
M
e c h .
4 / 9 / 9 6
3 5
1 / 8 / 8 6
0 / 9 / 9 2
1 7 8 / 3 9 / - 9 9
d t ( s )
1 0 1 0 1 0 4
P o s . 3 3 3 3 3 3 1
S i n g l e - s o u r c e
i n v e r s i o n %
D C
9 0
9 7
9 9
7 2
M e c h .
2 9 / 1 2
/ 1 8
4 / 8 9 / - 9 7
1 5 / 1 9 / 1 1 1
2 1 8 / 9 / - 4 9
d t ( s )
1 2
1 0
1 0
1 9
P o s
4 1
3 3
3 3
3 2
I n p u t s o u r c e s
S
u b - e v e n t I I
M e c h .
3 5 7 / 1 0 / 9 0
0 / 6 0 / 9 0
0 / 6 0 / - 9 0
3 5 7 / 1 0 / 9 0
P o s 1 6 1 6 1 6 3 3
S u b - e v e n t I
M e c h .
3 5 7 / 1 0 / 9 0
3 5 7 / 1 0 / 9 0
3 5 7 / 1 0 / 9 0
0 / 6 0 / - 9 0
P o s . 3
3 3 3
3 3
1 6
1
![Page 148: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 148/228
( t = 1 0 s )
: R e s
u l t s
y n t h
e t i c
C a s e A B C D
.=.2Re(%!/e "')e+%(!'% e%!$(%e
A ( e)*'& '%he%!) %e%, e -"('%! %he +e(%!/e "')e+%(!'% !'*"+)e $e)h('!$ )("e& # +e&")e& (!$"%h( )*/e+(3e *' %he)((#!!% * %he !'/e+!*' %* +e*/e *"+)e *)(%e& (+ *Jh*+e.He+e, e 3e'e+(%e& 1>D '%he%!) *+ ( +('3e * !'3e>*"+)e("%!'3 %e *)(%e& *Jh*+e 4T(#e .5. <e "e& ( %** !' ISOLA%* )()"(%e %he*+e%!)( "')e+%(!'% !' G+ee'9 "')%!*'. S")h ('
"')e+%(!'% e%!$(%e ! +e(%!/e #e)("e &(%( /(+!(')e ! "'6'*'.H*e/e+, +e(%!/e "')e+%(!'%!e )(' #e )()"(%e& #e%ee' %* e%* %(%!*' )*'?3"+(%!*'. A 7D e++*+ e!*!& ! )*$"%e& ('& ($e(' K(3(' ('3e 4K(3(', 115 ! 3!/e', +*/!&!'3 (' e%!$(%e *%he e++*+ !' *)( $e)h('!$ (+($e%e+, !%h +ee)% %* %he #e%>?%%!'3 *"%!*'. <e )*$"%e& "')e+%(!'%!e *+ %* )e'(+!*: *'e"!'3 %he +e( %(%!*' )*/e+(3e 4F!3"+e .15, %he *%he+ "!'3 ('e%*+6 !%h e+e)% (!$"%h( &!%+!#"%!*'. The +e"% +*$ %h!%e% (+e h*' !' T(#e .. <e *"'& %h(% e++*+ "!'3 %he ()%"(%(%!*' )*/e+(3e (+e *' 12= 3+e(%e+ %h(' %h*e "!'3 (e+e)% 'e%*+6 "')e+%(!'%!e (+e $(e+ he' ( '*&( ('e%+!6e !' %he ($e &!+e)%!*' ( %he 'e%*+6 4'*+%h>e%5. Thee+e"% !$ %h(% e )(' %+"% %he *)( $e)h('!$ * *Jh*+ee!$!) *"+)e "!'3 *"+ %(%!*' &!%+!#"%!*'.
The +e3!*'( CMT *"%!*' +*/!&e ( 3**& ?% %* %he *#e+/e&(/e*+$ (% $*% %(%!*' 4F!3"+e .75. The )e'%+*!& !e )*e %**"+ +e*)(%e& e!)e'%+e !% $e)h('!$ ! )*'!%e'% !%h %he%eee!$!) GCMT ('& USGS *"%!*' 4F!3"+e .1, T(#e .25,!'&!)(%!'3 %h+"%!'3 (*'3 %he (%e !'%e+()e. A h!3h &*"#e>)*"ee+)e'%(3e 4DC5 !'&!)(%e& # %he 3*#( 485 ('& *"+ +e3!*'(*"%!*' 4875 "33e% ( !$e ("%!'3 %e. <he' e !')+e(e%he "e+ +e-"e') !$!% %* 0.0 H, (/e*+$ /(+!(')e+e&")%!*' 4R5 h(+ &e)+e(e ('&, (% %he "e+ !$!% * 0.08 H,e '*%!)e %* )e(+ (++!/( !' %he *#e+/e& (/e*+$ 4F!3"+e .,F!3"+e .5. <e (* ?'& %h(% ( %he "e+ +e-"e') #('&( )"%>*J !')+e(e, DC 3+(&"( &e)+e(e. Th! %+e'& )*'%!'"e "'%!(+*"'& 0.07 H, (#*/e h!)h DC #e)*$e h!3h. The+e*+e, %he'e;% %e ! %* )*'!&e+ he%he+ ( )*$e; *"+)e )(' #e +e*/e&"!'3 h!3he+ +e-"e') (/e*+$ ('& ( $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e(+($e%e+!(%!*'.
1
![Page 149: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 149/228
Input %ocal$echanis$ at
source position"8
;striediprae<
2ocal $echanis$uncertainty ;$eanagan angle D=<
@ Error due to actualstation conAguration!eal
stationconAguration
Ideal station
conAguration
0101700 .8 =.1 17
000700 .8 =.81 2
07700 .27 =. 12
00700 7.22 =.8 =8
0007>00 .8 =.81 2
=127>11 7.=0 =. =
0000180 7.=2 =.8 =8
070180 7.=8 =.88 =
Table 7.4: Relative uncertainty estimates of different faulting styles for a single
point-source offshore (source position 16). Uncertainties are calculated for both
our actual station distribution (Figure 7.1) and a network of ideally distributed
stations.
.M"%!e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*'<e ?+% )(++!e& *"% ( $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' "!'3 ID, !'h!)h %he &e/!(%*+!) $*$e'% %e'*+ $e)h('!$ * #*%h *"+)ee+e (*e& %* /(+. A %*>*!'%>*"+)e $*&e ! ( *3!)(
+*3+e!*' (' Mw e(+%h-"(6e ! !6e )*$*e& * '* $*+e%h(' %* %* %h+ee (%)he * ! 4V(h+(&'!6 ('& S*6*, 2015. The3+!& * *!'% *"+)e ( 6e% %he ($e ( *+ %he !'3e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*'. F*+ %he *"+)e>%!$e "')%!*', e *"'& %h(% !%h!')+e(!'3 e'3%h * %he %+!('3e, %he %*%( $*$e'% 3+(&"(!')+e(e, h!e he+e( R ('& DC * e()h *"+)e +e()he ($(;!$"$ (% 18 4F!3"+e .85. <e %he+e*+e ?;e& %he %+!('3ee'3%h * e()h *"+)e %* 18 *+ %he ID $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e!'/e+!*', (%h*"3h %he *!'%>*"+)e $e)h('!$ +e$(!' )*'!%e'%*+ &!Je+e'% %+!('3e e'3%h, "33e%!'3 ( %(#e *"%!*'.
18
![Page 150: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 150/228
Figure 7.5: Single source inversion results. a) Comparison between the observed
(black) and synthetic (red) waveforms. Waveforms are filtered in the frequency
range 0.02–0.04 Hz. Station names are shown on the right and the components are
labelled at the top. Numbers next to waveforms denote corresponding variance
reduction. b) Grey beach balls show solution variability based on jackknifing tests,
labelled with the station removed in each inversion. The coloured grid represents
the correlation between waveforms for each trial point-source position
(numbered). Solutions that lie within 90% of the maximum VR are plotted in
black. The highest correlation solution is plotted in red. The red star denotes the
epicentre of the Araucania earthquake.
1
![Page 151: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 151/228
Figure 7.6: Double-couple percentage (%DC) and variance reduction (VR) of the
single point-source versus frequency. A transition occurs at 0.057 Hz, where VR
suddenly decreases because the waveforms cannot be explained by a single point-
source alone. This change is illustrated by representative waveforms at low and
high frequencies.
C*$(+e& !%h %h(% * "!'3 %he ?+% *"+)e (*'e 4R 0.75,!'%+*&")%!*' * %he e)*'& *"+)e !3'!?)('% !')+e(e %he
(/e*+$ ?% 4F!3"+e .(5 # =0 4R 0.=5, I' *+&e+ %* %e% %he%(%!%!)( /(!&!% * ?%%!'3 %he (/e*+$ "!'3 %he e)*'& "#>e/e'%, e (e %he !3'!?)(')e * %he /(+!(')e +e&")%!*' "!'3%he @ %e%. S!$!(+ %e% h(/e #ee' +e/!*" )(++!e& *"% *+$"%!e *!'%>*"+)e $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*' 4A&($*/( e% (.,2008 S!6!', 185.E()h $*&e ! )h(+()%e+!e& # %he /(+!(')e #e%ee' '%he%!) ('&*#e+/e& (/e*+$:
,
[¿¿i−$ i ]2
/=∑ ¿
( 7.1 )
he+e ('& S +e+ee'% %he *#e+/e& ('& '%he%!) &(%(,+ee)%!/e.
170
![Page 152: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 152/228
F i g u r e 7 . 7 : C o m p a r i s o n b e t w e e n t h e
o b s e r v e d ( b l a c k ) a n d s y n t h e t i c
( r e d ) w a v e f o r m s a t h i g h f r e q u e n c i e s ( 0 . 0 2 – 0 . 0 8 H z ) s o l u t i o n
u s i n g a s i n g l e
.
171
![Page 153: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 153/228
Figure 7.8: Correlation (black line) and total moment (red dashed line) of the
multiple point-source solution as a function of triangle length using iterative
deconvolution. Beach balls above and below the line give the best-fitting
mechanism for Events I and II, respectively.
<e %he+e*+e &e?'e %he +(%!*:
% = / (model 2) / (model 1)
( 7.2 )
h!)h ! )*$(+e& !%h %he @ %e% /("e (% &!Je+e'% )*'?&e')ee/e ('& *+ &!Je+e'% &e3+ee * +ee&*$, dof ., he+e
do5 = N − M . N )*++e*'& %* %he '"$#e+ * &(%( *!'%, ('& M! %he '"$#e+ * +ee (+($e%e+ 4M 7 *+ ( &e/!(%*+!) !'/e+!*'5.D(%( (% * +e-"e')!e (+e )e(+ )*++e(%e&, #"% e ("$e %h(%%he &(%( (+e "')*++e(%e& he' %he (/e*+$ (+e ($e& !%h!'%he %"&!e& e+!*& +('3e 4D+e3e+ ('& <**&, 20025 4 12 #(e&*' *"+ *( ?%e+ )*+'e+5. M*$e'% %e'*+ (+e )()"(%e& */e+ (%!$e !'&* %h(% ! 27. !' e'3%h. B(e& *' *"+ * ( ?%e+)*+'e+ +e-"e'), %h! %!$e !'&* +e&")e %* 1. , h!)h +e"%!' 77 &(%( *!'% *+ e()h )*$*'e'%. F*+ ( %h+ee )*$*'e'%('& e/e' %(%!*', e %h" h(/e ( %*%( * 1=70 &e3+ee *+ee&*$. The /(+!(')e +(%!*, @ #e%ee' *"+ !'3e ('& %*>*!'%>*"+)e $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*' e-"( 1.281, h!)h ! $")h3+e(%e+ %h(' %he )+!%!)( @ /("e * 1.0 (% ( )*'?&e')e e/e *.7. C*'e-"e'%, e (+3"e %h(% %he !'%+*&")%!*' * ( e)*'&*!'%>*"+)e ! %(%!%!)( !3'!?)('% !%h ( h!3h )*'?&e')e.
F("%!'3 %e (% e()h %+!( *!'%>*"+)e *!%!*' (+e )*'!%e'%,!%h h(+ )*++e(%!*' $(;!$( 4F!3"+e .#5. B(e& *' *"+ +e"%,e )(' )*'?&e'% !&e'%! %he **!'3 +e$(+6(#e e-"e')e *
e/e'%, h!)h )(' #e +e3(+&e& ( ( )*e>()e& &*"#e% 4CSD5,#*%h !' %!$e ('& ()e. Sh*+% (%e+ '")e(%!*', E/e'% I 4Mw .85
172
![Page 154: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 154/228
+"%"+e& %he $e3(%h+"% #e'e(%h %he )*(%. N* $*+e %h(' %e/ee)*'& (%e+, E/e'% II 4Mw .5 +"%"+e& %* %he *"%h>e% (% (h(*e+ &e%h ('& !%h (' *#!-"e '*+$( ("%!'3 $e)h('!$. A( %e% * *"%!*' %(#!!%, e e+*+$ ()66'!?'3 %e% # +e$*/!'3*'e %(%!*' (% ( %!$e +*$ %he !'/e+!*'. The +e"% * %hee %e%
(+e h*' !' T(#e .7 ('& &e$*'%+(%e +e$(+6(# )*'!%e'%)e'%+*!& *!%!*' ('& *)( $e)h('!$ *+ E/e'% I ('& II. The ()66'!?'3 %e% %he+e*+e !'&!)(%e %h(% %he ee)%e& $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e *"%!*' ! '*% &ee'&e'% *' *'e !'3e (/e*+$.F"+%he+$*+e, ( %h+ee>*!'%>*"+)e (+*;!$(%!*' &!& '*%$e('!'3" !$+*/e %he (/e*+$ ?% 4R 0. = !')+e(e !'R )*$(+e& !%h %* *!'%>*"+)e5.S!')e ID !'/e+% *+ %he ?+% *!'%>*"+)e #e*+e "#e-"e'%)()"(%!'3 %he e)*'& *"+)e, e )(++!e& *"% ( %e% %* &e%e+$!'ehe%he+ E/e'% II ! &ee'&e'% *' %he )h*e' *)(%!*' ('& ("%!'3%e * E/e'% I. N*+$(, e ())e% %he *"+)e *!%!*' %h(%+*&")e %he h!3he% (/e*+$ )*++e(%!*'. H*e/e+, *+ %h! %e%,e ?;e& %he *!%!*' * E/e'% I ('& )h*e %he )*++e*'&!'3 #e%>?%%!'3 $e)h('!$. <e )(++!e& *"% %he %e% (% ( %+!( *!'%>*"+)e(&()e'% %* P*!%!*' == 4%he #e%>?%%!'3 *!%!*' * E/e'% I5. The+e"% * %h! %e% (+e h*' !' T(#e .. F*+ ( #"% *'e *!%!*' *E/e'% I, %he *!%!*', %!$!'3, ('& $e)h('!$ * E/e'% II +e$(!')*'!%e'% !%h %he )h*e' *"%!*'. <he' E/e'% I ! ?;e& %*P*!%!*' 27, %he MT *"%!*' * E/e'% II (e(+ e %(#e. P*!%!*'27 ! 'e;% %* P*!%!*' 1 4%he *)(%!*' * E/e'% II +*$ ID F!3"+e.5, * %h! &!)+e(') ! e;e)%e& #e)("e %he !'/e+!*' %+!e %*
e;(!' #*%h e/e'% (% P*!%!*' 27 !%h ( !'3e *"+)e. I' "$$(+,e ?'& %h(% %he E/e'% II *"%!*' ! %(#e !%h +ee)% %* %he e;()%*!%!*' ('& $e)h('!$ * E/e'% I.<e "e& NNLS %* %e% %he )e+%(!'% * %he *"%!*' *#%(!'e& # ID.
T* e(+)h *+ %he #e%>?%%!'3 *"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*', e e+*+$e&%* !'/e+!*': *'e !' h!)h %*%( $*$e'% ( )*'%+(!'e& # %heID *"%!*' %he *%he+ !' h!)h $*$e'% ( (*e& %* /(+. <e%e%e& $(' *"+)e *!%!*' ('& ("%!'3 %e *+ E/e'% I ('& II"!'3 NNLS, #"% e *"'& %h(% %he h!3he% R )($e +*$ %he %*>*!'%>*"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*' *"'& !%h ID. U!'3 %he $e)h('!$3!/e' # %he ID *"%!*', e %he' )(++!e& *"% ( 3+!&>e(+)h */e+ (
*!#e )*$#!'(%!*' * %he %*>*!'%>*"+)e *)(%!*' "!'3 %heNNLS. A e;e)%e&, %he $*$e'%>)*'%+(!'e& !'/e+!*' ! $*%!$!(+ %* %he ID *"%!*' 4F!3"+e .105. Ne/e+%hee, #*%h!'/e+!*' +*&")e +e"% )*'!%e'% !%h %he ID *"%!*'.I$*+%('%, %he +e"%!'3 *"+)e>%!$e "')%!*' *#%(!'e& # NNLSh* %h(% #*%h e/e'% h(/e ( !$!(+ %!$e "')%!*' %* %he 18 %+!('3e *"+)e "e& !' ID 4F!3"+e .)<. I' "$$(+, e ?'& '*#!( !' %he +e"% )("e& # %he !'/e+!*' $e%h*&.
.7C*$(+!*' !%h (%e+h*)6 *)(%!*' ('&
$e)h('!$A %h*+*"3h ('(! * (%e+h*)6 ! 'ee&e& #e)("e %he+e (+e '*
17=
![Page 155: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 155/228
(/(!(#e CMT *"%!*' +*$ 3*#( (3e')!e %he (+3e% +e)*+&e&(%e+h*)6 h(& Mb . 4#(e& *' %he USGS>NEIC )(%(*3"e5. <ee(+)he& )*'%!'"*" (/e*+$ +*$ *)( *'h*+e ('& OBS%(%!*' !' %he =0 &( **!'3 %he $(!'h*)6. T* e'"+e +e!(#e*)(%!*', e +e*)(%e& e/e'% %h(% h(& ( $!'!$"$ * ?/e P>(/e
('& %h+ee S>(/e *#e+/(%!*'. The +e*)(%!*' ( e+*+$e& !' (!$!(+ ( %* %h(% * %he $(!'h*)6 4Se)%!*' .25. The (/e+(3e%('&(+& e++*+ !' &e%h * *"+ (%e+h*)6 +e*)(%!*' ! 1.2 6$. <e(* !'/e+%e& *+ !'3e *!'%>*"+)e $*$e'% %e'*+ *"%!*' *(%e+h*)6 !' %he +e-"e') +('3e 0.070.11 H. The 3+!& e(+)h( )(++!e& *"% */e+ ( +('3e * &e%h, )e'%+e& *' e()h h*)e'%+e*)(%!*'. Ce'%+*!& &e%h e+e 3e'e+( )*'!%e'% !%hh*)e'%+( &e%h. S*"%!*' -"(!% ( %e%e& "!'3 &!Je+e'%)*$#!'(%!*' * %(%!*' ('& /e*)!% $*&e, ( e ()+*)he)6!'3 !%h ?+% $*%!*' *(+!%!e.L*)(%!*' ('& $e)h('!$ * (%e+h*)6 4F!3"+e .115 )*'?+$"*+% *"+ CSD !'%e++e%(%!*'. F+*$ *"+ +e*)(%e& e/e'%, !% !)e(+ %h(% %he+e (+e %* &!%!')% 3+*" * (%e+h*)6 4F!3"+e.11(5. O'e 3+*" ! *)(%e& !' %he )*(%( +e3!*' 4he+e(%e+, G+*"A5 %he *%he+ =00 6$ %* %he *"%h>e% 4he+e(%e+, G+*" B5.G+*" B (%e+h*)6 h(/e h(*e+ &e%h, *)(%e& !%h!' %he$(+!'e *+e(+), " %* 6$ (#*/e %he (%e !'%e+()e 4F!3"+e .11#5.<e *#%(!'e& 1 CMT *"%!*' +*$ %he (%e+h*)6 e-"e')e 4F!3"+e.11<, ( * h!)h h(/e &e%h !' (3+ee$e'% !%h %he!+ h*)e'%+(*)(%!*'. N*+$( ("%!'3 $e)h('!$ &*$!'(%e (%e+h*)6 G+*"B. G+*" A (%e+h*)6 )*$+!e $!;e& ("%!'3 %e, #"%
!'%e+(%e %h+"% ("%!'3 ! $*% )*$$*'.
17
![Page 156: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 156/228
Figure 7.9: a) Observed (black) and synthetic (red) waveforms for the best-fitting high
frequency (0.02–0.08 Hz) solution using two point-sources. Station names are
labelled. Numbers alongside each waveform component denote VR. Blue and green
shading denotes the contribution from each event. b) Waveform correlation for each
event as a function of trial point-source position (numbered). The time shifts of
Events I and II are shown. Black beach balls are solutions that lie within 90% of the
best-fitting solution’s (red beach ball) VR. The red star denotes the earthquake’sepicentre. c) Resulting moment-rate function obtained using NNLS.
177
![Page 157: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 157/228
.=>D (/e*+$ +*(3(%!*' eJe)%A "!'3 *)(%!*' &!)+e(') #e%ee' E/e'% II ('& (%e+h*)6G+*" B 4F!3"+e .11(5 +(!e %he -"e%!*' * *!#e *)(%!*' #!(!' %he $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*'. S* (+, e h(/e )*$"%e&
'%he%!) e!$*3+($ # )()"(%!'3 G+ee'9 "')%!*' !' ( 1>D/e*)!% $*&e. H*e/e+, !' %he h(* +e3!*' * "#&")%!*'*'e, %he+e (+e %+*'3 (%e+( /e*)!% 3+(&!e'%, (+%!)"(+ !' S>(/e /e*)!% 4F!3"+e .11#, Ch(%e+ F!/e5. The+e*+e, ( $*+e+e(!%!) /e*)!% $*&e )(' !$+*/e (/e*+$ ?% ('& $(6e *"+)e!'/e+!*' $*+e %(#e.
T* ())*"'% *+ (%e+( /e*)!% /(+!(%!*', e !$"(%e& (/e*+$!' *"+ =>D /e*)!% $*&e 4Ch(%e+ F!/e5 "!'3 %he e)%+( ee$e'%)*&e SPECFEM=D 4K*$(%!%)h e% (., 20105. F*+ %he !$"(%!*', e)*'%+")%e& ( he;(he&+( "'%+")%"+e& $eh 4F!3"+e .125 "!'3%he GEOCUBIT *%(+e ()6(3e 4C((+*%%! e% (., 20085. The (%e+(+e*"%!*' (% %he "+()e ! 7 6$, )*(+e'!'3 (% ( +e?'e$e'% (e+47 6$ &e%h, h!)h ! (' (/e+(3e M*h* &e%h *+ %he +e3!*'4Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e5. The $eh h*'*"+ "+()e +e!e ('&#(%h$e%+ %* e'"+e %h(% %**3+(h!) eJe)% *' (/e*+$+*(3(%!*' (+e ())"+(%e !$"(%e&. O"+ $eh &*e '*% )*'%(!'&!!'3 3e**3!)( &!)*'%!'"!%!e !' %he "#"+()e, ")h ( %he*)e('!) M*h*, &"e %* %he ()6 * )*'%+(!'% *' !% 3e*$e%+. Th!$eh h( #ee' &e!3'e& *+ !$"(%!*' %h(% (+e ())"+(%e " %*0.= H, e (#*/e %he $(;!$"$ +e-"e') * *"+ *"+)e!'/e+!*', e'"+!'3 '"$e+!)( %(#e !$"(%!*'.
<e 3e'e+(%e& =>D '%he%!) %h(% e+e #(e& *' *"+ %*>*!'%>*"+)e *"%!*' ('& "e& %hee ( !'"% %* ( $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e!'/e+!*' "!'3 1>D G+ee'9 "')%!*'. <he+e(!e %he *!%!*' *E/e'% I +e$(!' %(#e, e ?'& %h(% %he !'/e+!*' h!% E/e'% II 126$ %* %he *"%h 4+*$ *!%!*' 1 %* 17 F!3"+e .1=5. S!$!(+,he' e !$"(%e %he (/e*+$ +*$ E/e'% II (% %he *)(%!*' *(%e+h*)6 G+*" B 4*!%!*' 15, e ?'& ( !$!(+ *"%h(+& h!%,( !$!e& +*$ %he +e( &(%( !'/e+!*'. The+e*+e, !% ! !6e %h(%E/e'% II *))"++e& 12 6$ '*+%h(+& !%h +ee)% %* %he *+$(!'/e+!*' +e"% * F!3"+e .. Th! +e"% &e$*'%+(%e %he!$*+%(')e * =>D %+")%"+( $*&e %* *#%(!' ())"+(%e *"+)e
(+($e%e+ * *Jh*+e "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e.
17
![Page 158: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 158/228
S%(%!*'+e$*/e&
Eent I Eent II
T!$eh!%
45
S*"+)e
*)(%!*'
N*&(
('e 1
MwF*)(
$e)h.
T!$e
h!% 45
S*"+)e
*)(%!*'
N*&(
('e 1
MwF*)(
$e)h.
one 10. == =78 .8 2=. 1 =127>11 .
F2*8 1=.8 ==0=12
.8 2=. 1=1=>
12 .
FC+5 10. == =71=8 .8 2=. 1=20=>
120 .
L++3 10. ==0120=
. 22. 1
=21=0>
12.8
FC+6 10. == ===7 .8 2=. 1=21=>
120 .
L"+" 10. == =2== . 2=. 1 =10>12 .8
FC+* 10. == =27=8 .8 2=. 1 =20=>12 .
F2*5 10. == ===1 .8 22. 1 =20=2>12 .
Table 7.5: Source stability of the multiple point-source solution based on the
results of removing one station at a time from the inversion (jackknifing). These
jackknifing results are compared with the best-fitting solution obtained using all
available stations. Source location refers to the grid position illustrated in Figure
7.9b. Stations are ordered in epicentral distance. These results show the
remarkably consistent mechanisms for both sub-events, indicating independence
from the exact set stations used in the inversion.
17
![Page 159: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 159/228
Eent I Eent II
S*"+)e*)(%!*'
T!$eh!%45
N*&(('e 1
M
w
F*)($e)h.
S*"+)e*)(%!*'
T!$eh!%45
N*&(('e 1
M
w
F*)($e)h.
9estAttingsolution
== 10. =708
.8 1 2=. =127>
11.
2iGedlocations%orEent I
1 1=. 112172
.8 1 2=.2 =1=>
1==.
= 11.8 811=
.
8
1 2=.2 =12=>
1=7
.
2 10.0 120122
.8 1 2=.2 =0>
1=.
2 8.8 1=02.8 1 2=.2
=10=>1=
.
27 . ==2107
. 11.2 ===80
0.8
=2 10.==1170
7.8 1 2=.7
=1==>1==
.
= 12. =010=8
.8 1 2=.2 =12>
12.
0 1=.0 ===0
.8
1 2=.2 =172>1==
.
Table 7.6: Dependence of Event II solution on the position and mechanism of
Event I.
178
![Page 160: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 160/228
Figure 7.10: Best-fitting solutions (within the 98th percentile) for the two-point-
source, high frequency solution using the moment-constrained NNLS. The colour
of each beach ball indicates the centroid time of each source.
.D!)"!*' ('& )*')"!*'B(e& *' *"+ (%e+h*)6 ('(e ('& =>D (/e*+$ !$"(%!*' !%! '* )e(+ %h(% E/e'% II +"%"+e& *' ( '*+$( ("% (% 'e(+ %he#(e * %he */e++!&!'3 )+"% 4F!3"+e .11, F!3"+e .15. G+*" B(%e+h*)6 (+e *)(%e& )*e %* %he +*$!'e'% M*)h(>!(++!)( ("%*'e 4F!3"+e .115. Th! ("% $( #e +e(%e& %* %+*'3 /e*)!%)*'%+(% !' %he $(+!'e *+e(+) #e'e(%h I( M*)h(, he+e G+*" B(%e+h*)6 (+e *)(%e& 4F!3"+e .15. C+"%( ("%!'3 !' %he +e3!*'! e+/(!/e ('& $( e;%e'& %h+*"3h %he e'%!+e )+"% 4eeE')*"+e 15 4H!)6 ('& N!+e, 2012 Me'!)6 e% (., 2005 !% !("!#e %h(% %he 3e*$e%+ * ("% 'e%*+6 #e)*$e $*+e)*$e; (% %he #(e * %he *+e(+) !%h *!#e )*'"3(%e ("%!'34F!3"+e .15. S!$!(+ ("% e+e *"'& !' %he +"%"+e (+e( * %he
2011 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e 4T"! e% (., 201=5, (%h*"3h !' )*'%+(% %*%he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e, %hee e+e *)(%e& )*e+ %* %he +e3!*'
17
![Page 161: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 161/228
* 3+e(%e% )*e!$!) !. <e e)"(%e %h(% %hee ("% (+e)*$+e!*'( &"+!'3 %he !'%e+e!$!) e+!*&, #"% ( %+e !'/e+!*')("e& # %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e 4H(+&e#e)6, 20125 $( (/*"+*%e!$!) e;%e'!*'. B(e& *'O' %he #(! * (+*;!$(%e ("%(+e( +*$ )(!'3 +e(%!*' 4B(e+ e% (., 20105, %he %* ("%
('e * E/e'% I ('& II !6e &* '*% !'%e+e)%. The+e (+e e/e+(*!#e $e)h('!$ *+ %he %+!33e+!'3 * ( +"%"+e # ( +e)e&!'3e(+%h-"(6e. D'($!)( %+!33e+e& +"%"+e * %he '*+$( ("% !!6e %he &*$!'('% (!"+e $e)h('!$ 3!/e' %h(% E/e'% II9 )e'%+*!&%!$e )*!')!&e !%h %he ((3e * h!3h ($!%"&e S>(/e (++!/(+*$ E/e'% I, ( h*' # ( =>D (/e*+$ !$"(%!*' 4F!3"+e .175.H*e/e+, e )(''*% )*$e%e +"e *"% %(%!) %+e %+('e+ (%he %+!33e+!'3 $e)h('!$()%!'3 ( ( (+%!( %+!33e+.
T* *"+ 6'*e&3e, %hee +e"% (+e %he ?+% &*)"$e'%e& )(e *(%e !'%e+()e %h+"%!'3 !'%('%('e*" ()%!/(%!'3 ( (+3e +"%"+e!' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e %h+*"3h &'($!) %+!33e+!'3. P(% "#&")%!*'*'e &*"#e% h(/e #ee' !&e'%!?e& # * DC !' %he!+ CMT*"%!*' 4L( e% (., 2010#5. C*'/e+e, !' %he )(e * %heA+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e, %he * +e-"e') !'3e *!'%>*"+)e*"%!*' * #*%h %he 3*#( ('& +e3!*'( CMT *"%!*' &!& '*% !e&( * DC. Th! &!)+e(') ! (* h*' # *"+ '%he%!) %e%. I%! *!#e %h(% %he h*+% %!$e &e( ('& $( &!%(')e #e%ee'E/e'% I ('& II $(6 +"%"+e )*$e;!% !' %eee!$!) CMT*"%!*'.
The+e*+e, e !'/e%!3(%e& he%he+ %he &*"#e>*"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*'* %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e )*"& (* #e &e%e)%e& !' +e3!*'(
(/e*+$. <e )*$(+e& %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e %* *%he+!$!(+>!e& (%e+h*)6 * %he M("e e-"e')e, %he M(+)h 2012Mw .1 C*'%!%")!X' ('& %he M(+)h 2010 Mw . P!)h!e$"e(+%h-"(6e. 3CMT *"%!*' ('& &e%(!e& %"&!e 4R"! e% (., 201=R&e+ e% (., 20125 * %hee e(+%h-"(6e h* %h(% %he *+$e+ ! (%+(!3h%*+(+& (%e !'%e+()e %h+"%!'3 e/e'%, he+e( %heP!)h!e$" e/e'% *))"++e& *' ( '*+$( ("% !' %he */e++!&!'3 (%e.
The+e*+e, e (+e (#e %* &!+e)% )*$(+e ( !$e (%e !'%e+()e%h+"% ('& (' "e+ (%e e/e'% !%h ( )*$e; &*"#e% !'/*/!'3#*%h ("%!'3 %e.
10
![Page 162: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 162/228
Figure 7.11: a) Map and b) cross-section showing locations and focal mechanismsof aftershocks (Groups A and B) and mainshock events (labelled EV-I and EV-II).
Faulting style is classified on principal stress orientations (Frohlich, 1992) and
minimum rotation angle with respect to plate interface thrust faulting (Hayes et al.,
2013), accounting for plate interface geometry (black line; Chapter Five). We plot
the revised location of Event II, based on 3-D waveform modelling. Mapped faults
are shown (Melnick et al., 2009; Melnick and Echtler, 2006b); MVFZ = Mocha-
Villarrica fault zone. The cross-section background is from our P-wave velocity
model (Chapter Five). The star denotes the hypocentre of the Araucania
earthquake; the triangle shows the coastline.
11
![Page 163: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 163/228
Figure 7.12: 3-D view of the hexahedral mesh used for the 3-D waveform
simulations. This mesh honours surface relief and bathymetry, but does not
contain dipping geological discontinuities at depth.
<e *)"e& *"+ (%%e'%!*' *' %he )*e% e+$('e'% GSN %(%!*'%h(% ( *e+(%!'3 *+ #*%h e(+%h-"(6e, TRQA, !' A+3e'%!'(, h!)h! *)(%e& +*"3h e-"!&!%('% 485 +*$ ( %h+ee e(+%h-"(6e.C*$(+!*' * '*+$(!e& *e+ e)%+( *+ %hee %h+ee e/e'%4F!3"+e .15 +e/e( ( 3+e(%e+ +**+%!*' * h!3h +e-"e') e'e+3+*$ %he A+(")('!( ('& P!)h!e$" e(+%h-"(6e, (+%!)"(+ !' %he+e-"e') +('3e 0.10.2 H. The+e*+e, e e)"(%e %h(% %he(+%!%!*'!'3 * %he A+(")('!( +"%"+e !'%* %he "e+ (%e 3e'e+(%e$*+e h!3h +e-"e') e'e+3 )*$(+e& %* ( !'3e>*"+)e (%e!'%e+()e +"%"+e. I% ! *!#e %h(% h!3he+ +e-"e') +(&!(%!*' !&"e %* ! *' $*+e !$$(%"+e ("% !' %he "e+ (%e )*$(+e& %*%he +e"$(# $*+e $(%"+e $e3(%h+"% ("% 4Ch* e% (., 2005.
Thee )h(+()%e+!%!) $( (!& !%h %he &e%e)%!*' * !$!(+ (%e!'%e+()e > "e+ (%e &*"#e% !' %he "%"+e, (%h*"3h +e-"e'))*'%e'% $( &ee'& *' e/e+( *%he+ *"+)e (+($e%e+, ")h (+"%"+e &"+(%!*'.
12
![Page 164: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 164/228
Figure 7.13: Recovery of 3-D synthetic waveforms using the inversion based on 1-D
Green’s functions. In each case, input sources are based on the result from our real
data inversion. On the right, the source position of Event II is placed at source
position 17. In each case, the 1-D inversion results in a systematic southward shift,
as shown by the arrows.
1=
![Page 165: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 165/228
Figure 7.14: Schematic interpretation of the Araucania earthquake rupture. Plate
interface thrusting (Event I) triggered a rupture along an extensional fault in the
overriding plate (Event II). It is likely that two great earthquakes in 1960 and 2010
brought both faults closer to failure. As shown by ancient submarine landslide
deposits in the area (Geersen et al., 2011b), a larger-scale rupture in the overriding
plate has the potential to act as a tsunamigenic earthquake. Beach balls represent the
focal mechanisms of both mainshock events. The inset shows the interpreted
structure of conjugate normal faulting with the background colour representing v p / vs
(Chapter Five).
CMT *"%!*' +*/!&e& # 3*#( +e*+%!'3 (3e')!e (+e ())e%e&# %he e!$**3!)( )*$$"'!% ('& *+$ %he #(! * !!'/e+!*' ('& e;($!'(%!*' * %he %+e ?e&. CMT (+e, %he+e*+e,( !(+ * e(+%h-"(6e )!e')e, e% *"+ +e"% +e)*$$e'& %he!+)(+e" "e !' %he )(e * ! *' $"%!e ("% ('e. The 'e+e)e&e'% e% # %h! %"& (* +ee'% ( 'e e+e)%!/e *+%"'($! h((+& (e$e'% !' "#&")%!*' *'e. Re/e+e ("% (e ( '*+$( ("% )*"& %he*+e%!)( #e !$$e&!(%e %+!33e+e&# $e3(%h+"% !, )("!'3 (+3e e(@**+ &!()e$e'%. A !&e
/(+!e% * "e+ (%e ("%!'3 h( #ee' !$(3e& !' "#&")%!*'*'e. F*+ e;($e, %ee>&!!'3 '*+$( ("% h(/e #ee'!$(3e& !' %he "e+ (%e (*'3 %he '*+%he+' Ch!e 4/*' H"e'e ('&R('e+*, 200=5 ('& *"%he+' Pe+" $(+3!' 4A"&!' e% (., 20085.F"+%he+$*+e, ( (+3e "e+ (%e +e/e+e ("%!'3 e/e'% +e)e&e&%he 201 Mw 8.2 P!(3"(, '*+%he+' Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e 4G*'e e%(., 20175 ('& #()6%h+"% ("% (+e !&e+e(& !' %he S"$(%+("#&")%!*' *'e 4S!'3h e% (., 20105.
1
![Page 166: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 166/228
Figure 7.15: Three-component velocity traces of the simulated seismic wavefield
of Event I ‘seen’ by Event II. The waveform is bandpass filtered at 0.02–0.15 Hz.
The 3-D simulation is generated in the same way as described in Section 7.60; a
receiver is placed at the centroid location of Event II. The known centroid times of
Events I and II are shown. Although we cannot pinpoint the exact nucleation timeof Event II, it is clear that the arrival of high amplitude S-waves from Event I is
coincident with the possible nucleation stage of Event II, based on its source
duration of 18 s.
B(e& *' *"+ 6'*e&3e * e!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e !' %he +e3!*'* %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e 4Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e5 ('& )(!'3+e(%!*'h! * "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e ("% &!$e'!*'4B(e+ e% (., 20105, e )()"(%e& %he e;e)%e& e(@**+ %(%!)&!()e$e'% +*$ ( +"%"+e !' %he "e+ (%e. A"$%!*' e+e#(e& *' (' (+*;!$(%!*' * &!*)(%!*' ("%!'3 !' (h*$*3e'e*" h(>()e 4Y. O6(&(, 125. L* v s 42.2 6$5 !'%he $(+!'e *+e(+) 4F!3"+e .1 Ch(%e+ F!/e5 )*++e*'& %* ( *e++!3!&!%, ('& he')e ( 3+e(%e+ ! *+ ( 3!/e' ("% (+e( ('& e!$!)$*$e'%. O"+ )()"(%!*' h* %h(% (' Mw .0 +"%"+e !' %he "e+(%e )*"& +e"% !' "#%('%!( /e+%!)( e(@**+ &!()e$e'% *1.2 $. I %h! )e'(+!* e+e )(e& " %* ( (+3e+ +"%"+e 4Mw .75,! *' %he *+e(+) ("% )*"& )("e ( *)(!e& %"'($! *' %he)*'%!'e'%( he, (%h*"3h %he "e+ !$!% * +"%"+e !e !)*'%+*e& # %he %h!)6'e * %he $(+!'e *+e(+)3e*$e%+ ('&
+!)%!*'( +*e+%!e * %hee ("% 4F!3"+e .115. A %"'($! $( #e)("e& # %(%!) /e+%!)( &!()e$e'% *+ %h+*"3h "#$(+!'e
17
![Page 167: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 167/228
('&!&e 4F!3"+e .15 h!)h h(/e *))"++e& *)( !' %he (%4Gee+e' e% (., 2011#5.
Figure 7.16: Regional recordings of the M w 7.1 2011 Araucania (plate interface
thrusting and upper plate normal faulting), 2012 M w 7.1 Constitución (plate
interface thrusting only) and 2010 M w 7.1 Pichilemu (upper plate normal faulting
only) earthquakes at the permanent GSN station, TRQA in eastern Argentina. The
left-hand panel shows the normalised frequency (top) spectra and traces for each
component: a) west; b) east; c) vertical. The map in the right-hand panel shows the
location of the three earthquakes, corresponding CMT solutions and the location of
station TRQA.
Ye% !%h*"% *)( %+*'3>$*%!*' !'%+"$e'%, GPS 'e%*+6, *+ )*e!'e)%!*' * +e3!*'( (/e*+$, 'e(+>?e& %+!33e+e& +"%"+e $(#e &!)"% %* &e%e)%. <e e)"(%e %h(% %he ()6 * e/!&e')e *+E/e'% II !' !'3e>*"+)e CMT *"%!*' $( +e"% +*$ !' (+% +*$%he e;()% h*+% %!$!'3 #e%ee' %he %* *"+)e. The+e*+e, e
+e)*$$e'& %h(% %he (#!!% * %eee!$!) CMT !'/e+!*' %* +e*/e&!Je+e'% &*"#e% )*'?3"+(%!*' ! 3!/e' ( " (e$e'%.
1
![Page 168: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 168/228
F"+%he+$*+e, %he+e ! ( 'ee& %* +e>e/("(%e CMT *"%!*' *+ (+3ee(+%h-"(6e "!'3 *)( ('& +e3!*'( (/e*+$ !' "#&")%!*'*'e 3*#( %* e;($!'e he%he+ CSD !'/*/!'3 %he "e+ (%e(+e "#!-"!%*"
Ch(%e+ 8
S YNTHESIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERPLAY BET<EEN MEGATHRUST PHYSICAL HETEROGENEITY AND SEISMIC SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS
A "'&($e'%( -"e%!*' !' e(+%h-"(6e e!$**3 !: (+e (%!(&!%+!#"%!*' * "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e (*'3 ("% +('&*$,*+ &* e)!?) h!)( +*e+%!e !' %he /!)!'!% * %he (%e!'%e+()e e')*"+(3e *+ !'h!#!% +"%"+e\ I' %he +e/!*" )h(%e+, e!&e'%!?e& e/e+( *"+)e * )*$*!%!*'( ('& %+")%"+(
he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he +"%"+e *'e * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e. <e '*(%%e$% %* '%he!e %hee 6e ?'&!'3 %* (&/(')e *"+"'&e+%('&!'3 * %he h!)( ()%*+ %h(% 3*/e+' (+3ee(+%h-"(6e.
The+e h(/e #ee' $(' )*$+ehe'!/e %"&!e "#!he& *' *%he+(+3e $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e, ")h ( %he 2011 Mw .0 T*h*6", Z(('e(+%h-"(6e. The+e*+e, !' %h! %he!, e h(/e %he "'!-"e**+%"'!% %* )*$(+e ('& )*'%+(% %hee e(+%h-"(6e. F*+!'%(')e, (%h*"3h #*%h e(+%h-"(6e h(& !$!(+ $(3'!%"&e, %he(+e )h(+()%e+!e& # &!Je+e'% ! &!%+!#"%!*'. The M("ee(+%h-"(6e ( ( #!(%e+( +"%"+e !%h $*% ! *))"++!'3 (*'3%he )e'%+( (+% * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e 4e.3. M*+e'* e% (., 20125!' )*'%+(%, %he T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e& ( !'3e (e+!% )*e%* %he %+e')h 4O(( e% (., 20115. U'&e+%('&!'3 %he h!) %h(%"'&e+!e %h! /(+!(#!!% h( !$*+%('% !$!)(%!*' *+ "#&")%!*'*'e e(+%h-"(6e h((+& *' ( 3*#( )(e.<e ?+% )*'!&e+ %he +*e * *)( he%e+*3e'e!% !' )e'%+( Ch!e ('&!% !$!)(%!*' *+ "%"+e e(+%h-"(6e h((+& (*'3 %he S*"%hA$e+!)(' "#&")%!*' $(+3!'. <e %he' %"+' *"+ (%%e'%!*' %* %he(+3e+>)(e (%%e+' * h!)( +*e+%!e !' %he e'%!+e e!$*3e'!)*'e. <e "% *"+ "'&e+%('&!'3 * =>D he%e+*3e'e!% !'%* &!+e)%
+()%!)e # !$"(%!'3 !% !'@"e')e *' e!$!) (/e +*(3(%!*',h!)h )(' !$+*/e "#"+()e !$(3!'3 ('& e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e
1
![Page 169: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 169/228
)h(+()%e+!(%!*'.
8.1I'@"e')e * *)(!e& "e+ (%ehe%e+*3e'e!% *' e!$*3e'e!
8.1.1Ue+ (%e &e'!% ('*$(!e
I' Ch(%e+ T*, e &e)+!#e& %he !&e +('3e * )("e * h!)(he%e+*3e'e!% !' "#&")%!*' *'e ('& %he!+ /(+!'3 !'@"e')e *'e!$!) *"+)e +*)ee. F+*$ ( 3*#( (e$e'% * "#&")%!*'*'e !' Ch(%e+ T*, %he+e ! *$e &e#(%e ( %* he%he+he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he "e+ *+ *e+ (%e ( %he $*+e &*$!'('%+*e !' $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'e!. T* +e*/e *$e * %hee !"e*+ %he S*"%h A$e+!)(' "#&")%!*' *'e, e 3e'e+(%e&%*$*3+(h!) $*&e * %he )e'%+( Ch!e $e3(%h+"% !' Ch(%e+
F*"+ ('& F!/e. <e )*$(+e& %hee !$(3e !%h %he e!$!)#eh(/!*"+ * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e %* +e/e( *$e *%he %+")%"+e %h(% 3*/e+' $e3(%h+"% e3$e'%(%!*' !' %he +e3!*'.O"+ +e"%!'3 =>D e!$!) /e*)!% $*&e h!3h!3h% %* (+3e h!3h/e*)!% #*&!e %h(% !e #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e !' %he +"%"+e (+e(,('& "% (#*/e %he (%e !'%e+()e 4e.3. F!3"+e .1 ('& 7.105. <e)*'?+$e& %he +ee')e * %hee !$(3e& %+")%"+e # %he!&e'%!?)(%!*' * +*$!'e'% +e3!*'( 3+(/!% ('*$(!e 4F!3"+e 7.115.I' *"+ !'!%!( e!$!) /e*)!% $*&e, e !'%e++e%e& %he (+3e% *%hee h!3h e!$!) /e*)!% ('*$(!e ( ( "#&")%e& e($*"'%4Ch(%e+ F*"+5. <e )*"& '*% +e*/e he%he+ *+ '*% %he e($*"'%
( %! (%%()he& %* %he &*'3*!'3 (%e. H*e/e+, !%h %he#e'e?% * ( $*+e ())"+(%e =>D e!$!) /e*)!% $*&e 4Ch(%e+F!/e5, %h! %+")%"+e ( e!$!)( (%e+ 4v p " %* 8 6$5 ('&3e*$e%+!)( (+3e+ 4" %* 0 6$ !&e5 %h(' +e/!*" %h*"3h%.G!/e' %he ()6 * e/!&e')e *+ +ee'%>&( "!% !' %he */e+!'3*+e(+) 4Z(+(>M"k* e% (., 20175, ( e($*"'% %! (%%()he& %* %he&*'3*!'3 (%e )(''*% ("!# e;!% !' %he +e3!*'.<!%h %he ()6 "*+% * *+ ( "#&")%e& e($*"'%, e %"+'e& *"+(%%e'%!*' !' Ch(%e+ F!/e %* !&e'%!!'3 %he *+!3!' * %he h!3he!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e %h(% e '* #e!e/e !e !%h!' %he "e+
(%e. H!3h e!$!) /e*)!%!e 4v p .7 6$5 ('& ( *!%!/e 3+(/!%('*$( (+e )*'!%e'% !%h ( )*$*!%!*' * e+!&*%!%e $('%e. The )*'%e$*+(+ )*'%!'e'%( $('%e !e "+%he+ %* %he e(%4F!3"+e 7.105, * e *"'& !% ee'%!( %* "'+(/e %he (% h!%*+ *%he *+e(+) # (e!'3 "+()e 3e**3 (*'3 %he )*(%!'e. B(e&*' *"%)+*!'3 $(?) !'%+"!/e &!+e)% (#*/e %he C*#-"e)"+( ('&P!)h!e$" /e*)!% ('*$(!e 4F!3"+e 7.15, e #e!e/e %h(% %hee#*)6 * e+!&*%!%e $('%e e+e e$()e& &"+!'3 ( $('%e"e!'3 e/e'% !' %he T+!(!). The+e ! e/!&e')e %h(% !$!(+e!$!)( (% ('& &e'e #*)6 e;!% !' %he "e+ (%e !' *%he+"#&")%!*' *'e. The A'%*(3(%( +e3!*' * '*+%he+' Ch!e 4H"e'
e% (., 2000 T((+(, 20105 ('& %he K!! e'!'"( !' %he N('6(!"#&")%!*' *'e 4K*&(!+( e% (., 2005 +*/!&e %he )e(+e%
18
![Page 170: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 170/228
e;($e. Be'e(%h A'%*(3(%(, ( h!3h v p #*& * .0.= 6$ !'%he "e+ (%e ! !'%e++e%e& ( ( +e!&"( $(3$(%!) !'%+"!*'4H"e' e% (., 20005. Be'e(%h %he K!! e'!'"(, h!3h v p 4" %* .276$5 ! !'e++e& %* +e+ee'% "%*'!) +*)6 4K*&(!+( e% (., 2005.I' )*'%+(%, %he e!$!) /e*)!% * %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$( !
$")h h!3he+ 4.8.0 6$5, !'&!)(%!'3 ( )*$*!%!*' * &eee+>*"+)e& $(?) $(%e+!( ('& '*% !'%+"!/e +*)6 %h(% e+e e$()e&(% h(*e+ e/e ( !' %he )(e * %he A'%*(3(%( ('& N('6(!%+")%"+e.Re3(+&e * %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(9 e;()% e%+**3, ( (+3e,&e'e #*)6 * "%+($(?) $(%e+!( !'3 (#*/e %he (%e !'%e+()e&+($(%!)( !'@"e')e &'($!) #eh(/!*"+ * %he $e3(%h+"%. Th!+e(%!*'h! ! )e(+ /!!#e (% &!Je+e'% %(3e * %he e!$!) ))e!' %he M("e e3$e'% 4F!3"+e 7.1=5. The +*;!$!% * %he M("ee(+%h-"(6e9 h*)e'%+e %* %he ">&! e&3e * %he C*#-"e)"+(('*$( "33e% %h(% +he**3!)( &!)*'%!'"!%!e $( )*'%+!#"%e %*+"%"+e !'!%!(%!*'. A !$!(+ +e(%!*'h! h( #ee' !'e++e& *+ *%he+(+3e e/e'% (*'3 %he S*"%h A$e+!)(' "#&")%!*' *'e. O'ee;($e ! %he 17 A'%*(3(%( e(+%h-"(6e %h(% (e(+ %* h(/e'")e(%e& (% %he e&3e * %he *+e(+) #(%h*!%h 4T((+(, 20105.Rhe**3!)( &!)*'%!'"!%!e ())"$"(%e h!3h he(+ %+ee %h(% (+e)*'&")!/e %* 3e'e+(%!'3 $( e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3. L("%( ('& R!)e,200=5, *'e * h!)h $( h(/e *+$e& %he '")e(%!*' %(3e * %heM("e e(+%h-"(6e, e/e'%"( e(&!'3 %* %he " +"%"+e.B(e& *' %he h(+ 3+(&!e'% * ! (% %he )*(%!'e &"+!'3 %heM("e e(+%h-"(6e 4Y. N. L!' e% (., 201= M*+e'* e% (., 20125, e
!'e+ %h(% %he C*#-"e)"+( ('& P!)h!e$" ('*$(!e !'h!#!%e& %he&*'>&! ('& (*'3>%+!6e +"%"+e e;%e'% 4F!3"+e 7.1=#5. H*e/e+,%he $**%h!'3 )*'%+(!'% (!e& !' ! !'/e+!*' )(''*% ('e+he%he+ %hee ('*$(!e ()%e& ( ( (+%!( *+ )*$e%e #(++!e+.Ne/e+%hee, *'e !$*+%('% !e)e * e/!&e')e )*$e +*$ %he+e$(+6(#e (%%e+' * h!3h +e-"e') +(&!(%!*' 4F!3"+e 7.1=#54K!e+ ('& Ih!!, 2011 P(* e% (., 2015. H!3h +e-"e')!e (+e+(&!(%e& # (% )h('3e !' +"%"+e ee& *+ !' ! 4Me'3 e% (.,20115 &"e %* /(+!(%!*' !' +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e (*'3 %he (%e!'%e+()e 4P(* e% (., 2015. <e #e!e/e %h! &e%h &ee'&e')e *h*+%>e+!*& +(&!(%!*' &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e +e"% +*$
%*!'3 h(e 4M(&(+!(3(, 15 he' %he +"%"+e +*'% !'%e+()%!%h %he #(e * *+e(+) &e'!% ('*$(!e. The &e)*"!'3 * h!3h+e-"e') +(&!(%!*' +*$ h!3h ! (%)he ('& !% &e%h&ee'&e')e ! ( )*$$*' e(%"+e * e>+e)*+&e& (+3e $e3(%h+"%e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3. L(, 20175. A%h*"3h &!+e)% e/!&e')e *+ %heh!)( +*e+%!e %h(% "'&e+!e %h! (%!( &!%+!#"%!*' h( * (++e$(!'e& (+e, *"+ +e"% +*/!&e %+*'3 e/!&e')e * h!)(%+")%"+e (Je)%!'3 %he *)(!(%!*' * h!3h +e-"e') +(&!(%!*'.I' )*'%+(% %* %he M("e +"%"+e, %he 10 Mw .7 (&!/!(, Ch!ee(+%h-"(6e %* %he *"%h +*&")e& !3'!?)('% ! !'('& * %he
)*(%!'e 4B(++!e'%* ('& <(+&, 10 M*+e'* e% (., 2005 ('& ((+ ( %he )*'%!'e'%( M*h* (%e !'%e+()e !'%e+e)%!*'. The*+e(+) !' %he (&!/!( e3$e'% ! '*% )h(+()%e+!e& # h!3h e!$!)
1
![Page 171: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 171/228
/e*)!% 4D!e+$( e% (., 2012( H(#e+('& e% (., 2005 ('& *!%!/e3+(/!% ('*$(!e 4l/(+e e% (., 2015. F"+%he+$*+e, %he+e ! '*e/!&e')e *+ $(?) !'%+"!/e *"%)+*!'3 (% %he "+()e4Se+'(3e*$!', 200=5. The+e*+e, e e)"(%e %h(% %he ()6 *%hee &e'e "%+($(?) ('*$(!e (% %he #(e * %he "e+ (%e !'
%he (&!/!( +e3!*' )*'%+!#"%e& %* %he (+3e (+e( * %he (%e!'%e+()e %h(% ( (*e& %* +"%"+e &"+!'3 %he 10 e(+%h-"(6e.G!/e' %h(% %he (%e !'%e+()e #e'e(%h %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(e;e+!e')e& $!'!$( )*e!$!) ! &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e 4^ $5, e 'ee& %* )*'!&e+ %he $e)h('!)( #eh(/!*"+ * %he"'&e+!'3 $e3(%h+"% ("%. The h!3h>*)6e& '(%"+e * %h!*+%!*' * %he $e3(%h+"% 4M*+e'* ('& R*e'(", 20105 )*$#!'e&!%h %he ()6 * (%e+h*)6 ()%!/!% 4L('3e e% (., 2012 P(* e% (.,201 R!e%#+*)6 e% (., 20125 ('& (%e+! 4Be&*+& e% (., 201= Y.N. L!' e% (., 201=5, !'&!)(%e %h(% !% ! #eh(/!'3 (e!$!)(, e%&*e '*% )+ee 4F!3"+e 7.1=5. I' !'e !%h T((+( 420105, e #e!e/e%h(% %he h!3h &e'!% * %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$( e;e+% (+3e'*+$( %+e, e(&!'3 %* ( %+*'3, h!3h>)*"e& (%e !'%e+()e (%!% #(e. E(%!) e'e+3 ! +(!& (%%e'"(%e& # *+%!*' * ("%!%h h!3h he(+ %+e'3%h 4T((+(, 20105. The+e*+e, %he +"%"+e+*'% * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e &!& '*% h(/e e'*"3h e'e+3 %* "*/e+)*$e %he *+%!*' * %he ("% !%h h!3h he(+ %+e'3%h (% %he#(e * %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(.
The h!3h *)6e&, e% "'+"%"+e& $e3(%h+"% #e'e(%h %heC*#-"e)"+( ('*$( $"% +e$(!' !' ! &e?)!% !')e %he M("ee(+%h-"(6e. M*+e'* e% (. 420125 ?'& %h(% %h! (+% * %he (%e
!'%e+()e )*++e*'& %* ( &e?)!% * $*+e %h(' 7 $ **!'3 %he2010 +"%"+e. I% ! %he+e*+e /!%( %* "'&e+%('& %he %+e)*'&!%!*' * %+*'3 $e)h('!)( he%e+*3e'e!%!e *+ "%"+e e!$!)h((+& !' )e'%+( Ch!e. <e *+eee %* *!#e "%"+e +"%"+e)e'(+!*. F!+%, %he ())"$"(%e& &e?)!% #e'e(%h %he C*#-"e)"+(('*$( $( #e +ee(e& &"+!'3 ( $*&e+(%e%+*'3 e(+%h-"(6e!%h (' (+*;!$(%e $(3'!%"&e * Mw .78.0 4( "33e%e& !'Ch(%e+ F*"+5. S")h (' e(+%h-"(6e $( #e !$!(+ %* %he 200 Mw . T*)*!( e/e'% !' '*+%he+' Ch!e, h!)h !e& (*'3 ( &eee+*+%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e 4=077 6$ &e%h5 !' ( +e3!*')h(+()%e+!e& # ( h!3h 3+(/!% ('*$( 4L*/ee e% (., 2010
T((+(, 20105. A%e+'(%!/e, ! %he +"%"+e +*'% h( e'*"3h e'e+3%* */e+)*$e h!3h he(+ %+e'3%h #e'e(%h %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(,%he' (+3e ! )*"& *))"+ &*' %* 7 6$ &e%h, ( e ( (*'3%he h(*e+ ('& e(6e+ *+%!*' * %he $e3(%h+"% %h(% +"%"+e&!' 2010. I' %h! )(e, ( (+3e (+e( * ! )*"& *%e'%!( +e"% !'(' Mw .0 e(+%h-"(6e, #"% h*"& *))"+ e *%e' )*$(+e& !%h( +"%"+e (*'3 %he e(6e+ *+%!*' * %he )e'%+( $e3(%h+"% (*'e4T((+(, 20105.
The e!$*3e'!) #eh(/!*"+ * *+e(+) &e'!% ('*$(!e $(%he+e*+e /(+ +*$ *'e e!$!) ))e %* ('*%he+, ( !'e++e& *+ %he
K!! e'!'"( !' %he N('6(! "#&")%!*' *'e 4K*&(!+( e% (., 2005.I' *+&e+ *+ !3'!?)('% ! %* *))"+ (*'3 %he &eee+ +e3!*' * %he)e'%+( Ch!e $e3(%h+"%, e!%he+ %he (%e !'%e+()e *"& h(/e %*
10
![Page 172: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 172/228
e(6e' &"e %* (' e(+!e+ * ! e/e'% 4K*&(!+( e% (., 2005 *+%he !'!%!( +"%"+e *"& 'ee& %* #e ")!e'% (+3e %* &'($!)(e(6e' %he ("% 4K('($*+! ('& B+*&6, 200 S)h*, 18
T((+(, 20105. The %!$e>&ee'&e'% ('& #!$*&( e!$*3e'!)+e*'e, !' h!)h %he #eh(/!*"+ * %+")%"+e (%e+'(%e #e%ee' (
#(++!e+ ('& (e+!% !' &!Je+e'% e!$!) ))e, $( $('!e% !%e( (' e(+%h-"(6e "e+))e 4e.3. S!eh e% (., 20085.
8.1.2Ue+ (%e ("%!'3
A h*' (#*/e, &e'!% ('*$(!e !' %he "e+ (%e )('!3'!?)('% !'h!#!% +"%"+e * %he $e3(%h+"% (%e !'%e+()e. Thee%+")%"+e (* (Je)% "e+ (%e e!$!) ()%!/!%. A% %he '*+%he+'!$!% * %he M("e +"%"+e (+e(, %he+e ! ( +*'*"')e& *'e *(%e+h*)6 (*)!(%e& !%h %* (+3e '*+$( ("%!'3 e/e'% 4Mw . ('& .5 !' %he P!)h!e$" (+e(. O"+ %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e +e/e(
%h(% ( #*)6 * +e!) $('%e !e !' %he "e+ (%e, h!)h ()% ( (%+*'3 +he**3!)( &!)*'%!'"!% ('& ! )*'&")!/e %* ()%!/e ("%!'3(% !% e+!he+ 4F!3"+e 7.15. The P!)h!e$" ('*$( $( h(/e()%e& ( (' (*'3>%+!6e +"%"+e #(++!e+ %* %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e #(+%!%!*'!'3 (%e !'%e+()e %+(!' (*'3 "e+ (%e ("%. Se!$!)! (*'3 %hee ("% ( "#e-"e'% %+!33e+e& &"e %* %(%!)%+e )h('3e 4R&e+ e% (., 20125. Th! ?'&!'3 (3+ee !%h A+*' e%( 4201=5, h* "33e% %h(% *+e(+) '*+$( ("% $( #e !e'%&"+!'3 %he !'%e+e!$!) e+!*& ('& #e)*$e ()%!/e (%e+ ( (+3e$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e. I' )*'%+(% %* %he P!)h!e$" ('*$(,
"e+ (%e ()%!/!% &!& '*% *))"+ (% %he e&3e * %he C*#-"e)"+(('*$( 4F!3"+e 7.15. <e e)"(%e %h(% %h! &!Je+e')e $( #e&"e %* /(+!(%!*' !' e(%!) e'e+3 * %he +"%"+e ( !% e')*"'%e+e&%hee %* %+")%"+e.E;%e'!*'( ("%!'3 (%e+ (+3e ! *' %he $e3(%h+"% ! '*% "'!-"e%* M("e. I'%e'e "e+ (%e '*+$( ("%!'3 (* *))"++e& !' %he(%e+$(%h * %he 2011 T*h*6", Z((' $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3.K(%* e% (., 20115 %h! e-"e')e h( e/e+( !$!(+!%!e ('& *$e&!Je+e')e !%h %he P!)h!e$" (%e+h*)6. I' #*%h )(e, %he(+3e% "e+ (%e e/e'% !'/*/e& $"%!e +"%"+e, !%h ( 17 $!'3( *+ %he P!)h!e$" $(!' (%e+h*)6. F"+%he+$*+e, ("%!'3
*))"++e& he+e ()%!/e ("% e+e +e/!*" ("$e& %* #e (+e.I' (&&!%!*', "e+ (%e ("%!'3 *))"++e& )*e %* %he )*e!$!)+"%"+e !$!% * %he +e)e&!'3 $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e ('& (!'&")e& # (*)!(%e& %(%!) %+e )h('3e 4R&e+ e% (., 2012
T*&( ('& T"%"$!, 201=5. H!3h v p ('*$(!e (* e;!% !' %he/!)!'!% * %he "e+ (%e (%e+h*)6 !' Z((' 4K(%* e% (., 201=5.H*e/e+, *'e !$*+%('% &!Je+e')e e;!% #e%ee' %hee %* )(e.
The P!)h!e$" '*+$( ("% !6e e;%e'& %* %he $e3(%h+"% (%e!'%e+()e (% (+*"'& =0 6$ &e%h 4F(+f( e% (., 2011 R&e+ e% (.,20125 4F!3"+e 7.15, he+e( %he $(;!$"$ &e%h * "e+ (%e()%!/!% !' Z((' 410 6$5 ! $")h h(*e+ %h(' %he (%e !'%e+()e(% (+*"'& 70 6$ &e%h 4T*&( ('& T"%"$!, 201=5.I' Ch(%e+ Se/e', e (* &e$*'%+(%e& h* *+e(+) ("% (% %he
11
![Page 173: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 173/228
*"%he+'$*% e'& * %he +"%"+e (+e( !'@"e')e e!$*3e'e!. <e%"&!e& %he &e%(!e& *"+)e )h(+()%e+!%!) * %he %+*'3e%!'%e+(%e (%e+h*)6 * %he M("e e-"e')e: %he 2011 Mw .1A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e. O"+ +e"% h* %h! e(+%h-"(6e ()*$*e& * %* )*e>()e& "#>e/e'%: ( (+3e (%e !'%e+()e
+"%"+e **e& # e;%e'!*'( ("%!'3 !' %he "e+ (%e 4F!3"+e.15. <e #e!e/e %he '*+$( ("% +"%"+e ( &'($!)(%+!33e+e& # S>(/e e$('(%!'3 +*$ %he ?+% "#>e/e'%.
The+e*+e, %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e ! %he ?+% &*)"$e'%e& )(e* &'($!) %+!33e+!'3 4F!3"+e .175 !$$e&!(%e +e()%!/(%!'3 ('"e+ (%e ("% &"e %* e!$!) ! *' %he (%e !'%e+()e. The)h(+()%e+!%!) * %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e (+e +(%he+ &!Je+e'% %*%he P!)h!e$" e-"e')e. F!+%, %he P!)h!e$" e-"e')e *))"++e& !'%he )e'%+( (+% * %he *+e(+) #e'e(%h %he )*(%!'e, he+e('*+$( ("%!'3 !' %he A+(")('!( (+e( ! *)(%e& !' %he *e+ $(+!'e*+e(+). F"+%he+$*+e, "e+ (%e ("% !' %he A+(")* e'!'"(+e3!*' h(& +e/!*" #ee' $(e& (% %he "+()e 4Me'!)6 e% (.,200 Me'!)6 ('& E)h%e+, 200#5.A &!)"e& !' Ch(%e+ T*, %he $(+!'e *+e(+) !' "#&")%!*'*'e h( #ee' h*' %* h*% ( !&e +('3e * ("%!'3 %+")%"+e.F*+ %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e, %he+e ! (' !$*+%('% -"e%!*' %*('e+ +e3(+&!'3 %he h!%*+ * %he '*+$( ("%. D!& %he "e+(%e ("% %h(% +"%"+e& e;!% ( ( '*+$( ("% !' %he *'3>%e+$ *+( !% ( +e/!*">$(e& )*$+e!*'( ("% 4Me'!)6 e% (.,2005 4F!3"+e .11(5 %h(% #e)($e !'/e+%e& ( (' e;%e'!*'(%+")%"+e\ S%+e !'/e+!*' h(/e #ee' h*' %* *))"+ (%e+ (+3e
$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e 4H(+&e#e)6, 2012 H(e3(( e% (., 20125.F"+%he+$*+e, "e+ (%e ("% %h+*"3h*"% %he Ch!e "#&")%!*'*'e h(/e ()%e& ( '*+$( ('& +e/e+e ("% &"+!'3 %he!+ *'3>%e+$ h!%*+ 4A$e'&!'3e+ ('& G*'e, 2010 A+*' e% (., 201=Me'!)6 e% (., 2005. The A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e ! !%"(%e& !' ("'!-"e *!%!*' #e%ee' %he +"%"+e (+e( * %* * %he (+3e%$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e e/e+ +e)*+&e& 4F!3"+e .15 ('& e(6 (%e!'%e+()e )*"!'3 * e %h(' 77 4M*+e'* e% (., 20115.
The+e*+e, %* "'&e+%('& e!$!) h((+& (*)!(%e& !%h"#&")%!*' *'e "e+ (%e ("%!'3, !$*+%('% -"e%!*' %* (6(+e, !')"&!'3: 15 I "e+ (%e ("% +e()%!/(%!*' $*+e !$!%e& %*
$e3(%h+"% e3$e'% #(++!e+\ 25 I "e+ (%e ("%!'3 !$!%e& %*(+3e $(3'!%"&e e(+%h-"(6e, *+ &* $(e+ e/e'% (* *))"+\ T*('e+ %hee -"e%!*', e h(/e )()"(%e& &e%(!e& !'3e *!'%>*"+)e $*$e'% %e'*+ *"%!*' *+ 77 $*&e+(%e !e&(%e+h*)6 4Mw =.77.85 * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e. I' (&&!%!*' %* *"+*' ('(!, e "e& "#!he& $*$e'% %e'*+ )(%(*3"e *A3"+%* e% (. 420125 ('& H(e e% (. 4201=5, ( e ( %h*e +*$%he GCMT +*e)% 4E6%+$ e% (., 20125.
Thee ("%!'3 $e)h('!$ *"%!*' (+e h*' !' F!3"+e 8.1. F+*$*"+ $*$e'% %e'*+ *"%!*', !% (e(+ %h(% %he+e (+e $('
'*+$( ("%!'3 e/e'% (% %he *"%he+' e'& * %he +"%"+e ('&*Jh*+e * C*')e)!X', )*e %* S('%( M(+!( I('&. B*%h * %hee(+e( (+e he+e %he+e ( +e&")e& )*e!$!) !. H*e/e+, %he
12
![Page 174: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 174/228
(+3e+ )(%(*3"e * A3"+%* e% (. 420125 "33e% %h(% e/e+(e;%e'!*'( e(+%h-"(6e (* *))"++e& !' %he +e3!*' * 3+e(%e% !.M*+e*/e+, (!&e +*$ %he (+3e 3+*" * '*+$( ("%!'3 e/e'% !'%he P!)h!e$" (+e(, H(e e% (. 4201=5 h* '*+$( ("%!'3e(+%h-"(6e %h+*"3h*"% %he +"%"+e (+e(. I e +e$*/e %he
!'%e+(%e %h+"% ("%!'3 e/e'% ('& )*$#!'e %hee )(%(*3"e, !% !)e(+ %h(% e;%e'!*'( e/e'% (+e !&e+e(& 4F!3"+e 8.25. F+*$ %he)+*>e)%!*', $*% e;%e'!*'( e(+%h-"(6e (+e *)(%e& !' %he"e+ (%e 4F!3"+e 8.25. The+e*+e, !% ! )e(+ %h(% "e+ (%e'*+$( ("% (+e '*% *' !$!%e& %* +e3!*' !%h *e+ )*"!'3('& &* '*% (e(+ %* *e ()% ( +"%"+e #(++!e+ ( *+ *"%he+'Pe+" 4A"&!' e% (., 20085 ('& '*+%he+' Ch!e 4/*' H"e'e ('&R('e+*, 200= !)%*+ e% (., 20115. N*+$( ("%!'3 e(+%h-"(6e*)(%e& !' %he h(* $(+!'e *+e(+) (#*/e %he +e3!*' * h!3h)*e!$!) ! $( #e ('(*3*" %* %he (+3e e;%e'!*'( %+")%"+e!$(3e& !' %he +"%"+e (+e( * %he 2011 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e 4T"! e%(., 201=5. F"+%he+$*+e, he' e ?%e+ *"% (%e !'%e+()e %h+"%e/e'%, !% #e)*$e ((+e'% %h(% "e+ (%e +e/e+e ("% e+e(* ()%!/(%e&, (+%!)"(+ !' %he A+(")* e'!'"( (+e(. Thee$e)h('!$ !$ ( )*$e; (%%e+' * )*'"3(%e +e/e+e ('&'*+$( ("% !' %he "e+ (%e 4F!3"+e 8.25.
1=
![Page 175: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 175/228
Figure 8.1: Comparison of our preliminary aftershock moment tensor catalogue
(top left) with those already published for the period ending December 2010(Agurto et al., 2012; Hayes et al., 2013). Solutions from the global CMT project
(Ekström et al., 2012) are also shown (bottom right). Faulting mechanisms are
classified based on the plunge angle of principal stresses (Frohlich, 1992). Reverse
faulting style is chosen from the minimum rotation angle with respect to a
reference solution representing pure plate interface thrusting based on slab
geometry (Chapter Five).
O/e+(, +*$ (!/e "#"+()e !$(3!'3 * ( "#&")%!*' *'e, (&e%(!e& %"& * +"%"+e )*$e;!% (*)!(%e& !%h ( (+3e
!'%e+(%e e(+%h-"(6e, ('& $e)h('!$ * $(e+ (%e+h*)6, eh(/e h*' %h(% e!$!) *"+)e +*)ee !' )e'%+( Ch!e (+e
1
![Page 176: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 176/228
%+*'3 !'@"e')e& # "e+ (%e 3e**3!)( %+")%"+e. S* (+, eh(/e *' )*'!&e+e& *)(!e& he%e+*3e'e!% ('& !% eJe)% *'(*'3>%+!6e /(+!(%!*' !' (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!%. I% ! *+%h #+!'3!'3*"+ "'&e+%('&!'3 * h* */e+( (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!% %+")%"+e+e(%e %* e!$!) )h(+()%e+ * %he $e3(%h+"% !' ( $*+e 3*#(
)*'%e;%, ('& h* e )(' #e3!' %* !'%e++e% ")h %+")%"+e.
8.2Ph!)( +*e+%!e * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e:+e)*')!!'3 3*#( *#e+/(%!*'
I' %he +e/!*" e)%!*', e )*'!&e+e& %he eJe)% * *)( %+")%"+(he%e+*3e'e!% !' %he "e+ (%e *' "#&")%!*' *'e e!$*3e'!))h(+()%e+. N* e )*'!&e+ #+*(&e+ )(e /e*)!% %+")%"+e * %he(%e !'%e+()e !%e, h!)h e +ee'%e& *+ %he M("e +e3!*' !'Ch(%e+ F!/e. A%h*"3h 3e*h!)!% h(/e #ee' (#e %* $( %he&e%h /(+!(%!*' !' e'e+3 +ee(e ('& e!$!) ! (*'3 %he
$e3(%h+"% 4L( e% (., 20125, 6'*e&3e ! ()6!'3 *' %he h!)(+*e+%!e )*'%+*!'3 %h! e3$e'%(%!*'. U!'3 *"+ &e%(!e& /e*)!%$*&e * %he (%e !'%e+()e !' %he )e'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e,e h(/e #ee' (#e %* )*'%+(!' %he h!)( ()%*+ %h(% 3*/e+' %he&e%h e3$e'%(%!*' * ( $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e. I' "$$(+, e*"'& %h(% %he +e3!*' * h!3h )*e!$!) ! ! !$!%e& %* ( *+%!*' * %he (%e !'%e+()e !%h h!3h v p 3+(&!e'%, +!!'3 +*$ .2.0 6$+*$ 182 6$ &e%h, ('& $*&e+(%e ee/(%e& v p $v s * 1.8=.B(e& *' *"+ +e"%, e $( #e (#e %* )*'%+(!' +"%"+e *%e'%!("!'3 e!$!) /e*)!%!e. H*e/e+, %* /e+! %h! +e(%!*'h!, e'ee& %* )*$(+e *"+ ?'&!'3 *+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e !%h *%he+e>+e)*+&e& $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e. F*+ %h! "+*e, e %"& %he'*+%h>e(% Z((' "#&")%!*' *'e !' %he +e3!*' * %he 2011 T*h*6"e(+%h-"(6e, h!)h ! !"$!'(%e& # %he h!3h>+e*"%!*' =>D /e*)!%$*&e * Y($($*%* e% (. 42015.
The+e (+e !$!(+!%!e ('& &!Je+e')e #e%ee' %he (%e !'%e+()e/e*)!% +*?e %h+*"3h %he +e3!*' * 3+e(%e% ! *+ %he M("e('& T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e 4F!3"+e 8.=5. The v p 3+(&!e'% * %he T*h*6"(%e !'%e+()e ! +e$(+6(# !$!(+ %* %h(% * M("e !' %he &e%h+('3e 17=7 6$. U'&e+%('&!'3 %he $e)h('!$ * %h! /e*)!%3+(&!e'% ! !$*+%('% #e)("e !% (e(+ %* #e )*++e(%e& !%h %he
&e%h * $(;!$"$ ! !' #*%h )(e 4F!3"+e 8.=5, h!)h $( he%* e;(!' h %he (+3e% $e3(%h+"% +"%"+e %e'& %* ! !'D*$(!' B * %he (%e !'%e+()e 4L( e% (., 20125.
17
![Page 177: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 177/228
F i g u r e 8 . 2 : M a p a n d c r o s s - s e c t i o n s o f i n t r a p l a t e a f t e r s h o c
k m e c h a n i s m s c o m b i n e d f r o m
t h e d i f f e r e n t c a t a l o g u e s s h o w n
i n F i g u r e 8 . 1 .
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f p o s s i b l e
u p p e r p l a t e f a u l t g e o m e t r i e s a r
e i l l u s t r a t e d i n t h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n s . F A P = f r o n t a l a c c r e t i o n a r y p r i s m ; P A W =
n t l e .
1
![Page 178: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 178/228
Figure 8.3: Comparison of the relationship between plate interface structure (left:
v p, centre: v p / vs and megathrust slip for the Maule, Chile and Tohoku, Japan
earthquakes. The Maule profiles are drawn in a similar way to Figure 5.12, using
the coseismic slip model of Moreno et al. (2012). Seismic velocities for theTohoku megathrust come from Yamamoto et al. (2014) and coseismic slip is from
Gusman et al. (2012). The arrows indicate the depth offset in maximum v p / vs and
coseismic slip between both rupture zones.
G!/e' %he &!Je+e')e !' #+*(&>)(e )h(+()%e+!%!) #e%ee' %he)e'%+( Ch!e ('& '*+%h>e(% Z((' "#&")%!*' $(+3!', e ?'& %h!!$!(+!% !' (%e !'%e+()e /e*)!% %+")%"+e "++!!'3. F*+!'%(')e, %he (3e * %he P()!?) (%e (% %he T*h*6" %+e')h ! 1=0M(, he+e( %he N()( (%e *Jh*+e * )e'%+( Ch!e ! 100 M(
*"'3e+ 4e.3. M`e+ e% (., 20085. G!/e' %he (3e &!Je+e')e, ('&he')e, %he+$( &!%!')%!*' * %he )+"% !' %hee %* e;($e, e"33e% %h(% %he %ee v p 3+(&!e'% ! '*% %he+$( )*'%+*e&. A'(%e+'(%!/e e;('(%!*' ! !')+e(!'3 )*'?'!'3 +e"+e, h!)h $(+e"% !' $e%($*+h!) h(e )h('3e * *)e('!) )+"% $(%e+!(")h ( #((% ('& 3(##+*. H*e/e+, %he *)e('!) )+"% ! '*%e;e)%e& %* "'&e+3* $(*+ $e%($*+h!) h(e )h('3e "'%! %hee)*3!%e %+('!%!*' (% (+*"'& 7 6$ &e%h 4e.3. B*%*)6, 201=H()6e+ ('& A#e+, 2005. A'*%he+ $e)h('!$ $( (+!e +*$ *+e+e"+e )h('3e !' *)e('!) )+"%. P+e/!*" %"&!e 4e.3. A"&e% e%(., 200 K(%* e% (., 2010(5 !'e+ h!3h @"!& +e"+e !%h!'
"#&")%!'3 *)e('!) )+"%. M*+e e/!&e')e * %h! !'%e++e%(%!*' !h*' # ee/(%e& v pv s * 1.8= (% 1217 6$ &e%h 4F!3"+e 8.=5v pv s +e$(!' +e(%!/e )*'%('%, !'&!)(%!'3 *+e +e"+e ! h!3h('& )*e %* )*'?'!'3 +e"+e, #(e& *' Ch+!%e'e' 4185 ('&$*&e!'3 * e!$!) +e+()%!*' &(%( # S"&!)h ('& O+)"%% 41805.A e ( *$e !$!(+!%!e, %he /e*)!% +*?e +*$ %hee %*$e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e h* ( +e$(+6(#e &!Je+e')e. A% 18 6$&e%h, v pv s * %he M("e (%e !'%e+()e "&&e' &e)+e(e +*$2.1 %* 1.8=. A !$!(+ &e)+e(e *))"+ !' %he T*h*6" +"%"+e*'e, (%h*"3h (% ( h(*e+ &e%h * 10 6$ 4F!3"+e 8.=5. <e )('
)*++e(%e %h! &!)+e(') ( %* %he /(% &!Je+!'3 +"%"+e %e*+ %hee %* e(+%h-"(6e. M*% )*e!$!) ! $*&e *+ %he
1
![Page 179: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 179/228
M("e e(+%h-"(6e h* %h(% %he +"%"+e &!& '*% e;%e'& %* %he%+e')h $*% ! %*e& (% (+*"'& %he ($e &e%h * %h! h(+)h('3e !' v pv s. The ">&! !$!% * +"%"+e ! (* /e+!?e& # %he()6 * (%e !'%e+()e (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!% (% %hee &e%h 4F!3"+e7.125. I' )*'%+(%, !3'!?)('% ! * =0 $ e;%e'&e& %* $")h
h(*e+ &e%h 481 6$5 &"+!'3 %he T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e 4L( e%(., 2011 O(( e% (., 2011 S!$*' e% (., 20115. The (#*/e ?'&!'3 !'&!)(%e ( &!+e)% +e(%!*'h! #e%ee' h!)(+*e+%!e 4( e;+ee& # e!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e5 !%he!$*3e'!) *%e'%!( * %he "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"%. The "&&e'&e)+e(e !' v pv s ! &!+e)% +e(%e& %* %he ($*"'% * @"!& (%"+(%e&e&!$e'% (% %he #(e * $(+!'e *+e(+) ('& (*'3 %he "#&")%!*')h(''e. Thee &!Je+e')e !6e +e"% +*$ %he e&!$e'%(%!*'%e * e()h $(+3!'. The )e'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e ! ('())+e%!*'(+ $(+3!' !%h ( %h!)6 %+e')h ? * 2.02.2 6$4G+e/e$ee+ e% (., 200=5 ('& ( e>&e?'e& "#&")%!*' )h(''e%h(% ! " %* 1 6$ %h!)6 4C*'%+e+( Ree e% (., 2008 G+e/e$ee+e% (., 200=5. I' )*'%+(%, %he '*+%h>e(% Z((' "#&")%!*' $(+3!' !e+*!/e, !%h =70 $ * e&!$e'% (% %he %+e')h 4K*&(!+( e% (.,2012 N(6($"+( e% (., 201=5. Th! &!Je+e')e "33e% %h(% ( !&e+/*"$e * */e++e"+e& ('& /e*)!%>%+e'3%he'!'3 e&!$e'%*/e+!e %he M("e $e3(%h+"%. F"+%he+$*+e, %he )*$e%e'% +*)6+($e*+6 ('& #()6%* * M("e +e3!*' ! (% ( 3+e(%e+ &!%(')e+*$ %he %+e')h. The+e*+e, e !'e+ %h(% %he h!)( +*e+%!e *%he T*h*6" $(+3!' (* h(*e+ #+!%%e (!"+e (*'3 %he (%e!'%e+()e, !')+e(!'3 !% %"'($!3e'!) *%e'%!(. F*+ %he )e'%+(
Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e, e(@**+ 3e*&e%!) *#e+/(%!*' 4B`+3$(''('& Ch(&e, 2015 (+e +e-"!+e& %* )*'?+$ %he +!)%!*'()h(+()%e+!%!) * %he h(*e% (+% * %he $e3(%h+"%.
8.=F"%"+e *"%**6: A!)(%!*' * %+")%"+(he%e+*3e'e!% %* =>D e!$!) (/e+*(3(%!*' !$"(%!*'
A &!)"e& !' Se)%!*' .7, %he "e * (/e*+$ !$"(%!*' !'h!3h he%e+*3e'e*" $e&!( )(' !$+*/e *"+ !$(3!'3 * #*%he(+%h-"(6e *"+)e $e)h('!$ ('& "#"+()e %+")%"+e. I'
Ch(%e+ Se/e', e h(/e (+e(& h*' %he /("e * %hee'"$e+!)( !$"(%!*' # &e$*'%+(%!'3 h* %+")%"+(he%e+*3e'e!% )(' #!( *"+)e (+($e%e+ !' $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e$*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*'. The )e'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e+e+ee'% (' e;)ee'% %e% #e& *+ "#&")%!*' *'e =>D ">(/e*+$ !'/e+!*' &"e %* %he **!'3 +e(*':
1 The+e ! (' e;)ee'% )*/e+(3e * #+*(&#('& e!$!)!'%+"$e'% +*/!&e& # %he I'%e+'(%!*'( M("e A%e+h*)6De*$e'%.
2 A (+3e &(%(#(e * +e)*+&e& e!$!) (/e*+$ +*$'"$e+*" $*&e+(%e>!e& (%e+h*)6 e;!%.
= A &e%(!e& %+")%"+( $*&e * %he "#"+()e ! (/(!(#e+*$ %he *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h %"&!e &*)"$e'%e& !'
18
![Page 180: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 180/228
%h! %he!. Re!(#e $*$e'% %e'*+ *"%!*' (+e (/(!(#e *+ $('
(%e+h*)6 4Se)%!*' 8.1.25.I' %he )*'%e;% * %he *+6 )(++!e& *"% !' %h! +*e)%, )()"(%!'3 %hee'!%!/!% 6e+'e (*)!(%e& !%h (&*!'% *"+)e )(' he h!3h!3h%
%he %+e'3%h ('& *!#e e(6'ee * *"+ =>D /e*)!% $*&e('& $*$e'% %e'*+ *"%!*'. T* $(6e ( +e!$!'(+ (e$e'% * %he *%e'%!( *+ ( &e%(!e&">(/e*+$ %"& !' )e'%+( Ch!e, e 3e'e+(%e& =>D (/e*+$!$"(%!*' *+ (%e+h*)6 * %he M("e e-"e')e. D"e %* e;%e'&e&*"+)e eJe)%, e )(++!e& *"% !$"(%!*' *+ $( %* $*&e+(%e!e& e/e'% 4Mw ^ 7.75 * *"+ $*$e'% %e'*+ )(%(*3"e 4F!3"+e8.1, %* e%5 %* (/*!& e;%e'&e& *"+)e eJe)%. He+e, e +ee'%+e"% +*$ %he !$"(%!*' * *'e * %hee (%e+h*)6 !% *"+)e(+($e%e+ (+e h*' !' T(#e 8.1 ('& !% *)(%!*' ! h*' !'F!3"+e 8..
1
![Page 181: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 181/228
Brigin
ti$e
;U(C<
LatitudeLongitu
de
Centroi
d
depth
Mo$ent tensor
Mw
Mrr Mtt M pp Mrt Mrt M pp
EGponen
t
;dyne.c
$<
=00=201008:12:7.
=.7S =.00< 18 6$ .0 >0.10.=
>0.20.=0
1.18
0.2
22
Table 8.1: Source parameters of the test event used for the 3-D waveform
simulation described in this section.
The =>D !$"(%!*' ! )()"(%e& *' ( $eh )+e(%e& "!'3 %heGEOCUBIT *%(+e, ( *"%!'e& !' Se)%!*' .7.2. The $eh !!$!(+ %* %h(% &e!3'e& *+ %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e 4Se)%!*'
.05 !'%e(&, e "e ( (+3e+ /*"$e %* !')*+*+(%e %he 700 6$*'3 +"%"+e (+e( * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e. F"+%he+$*+e, e "e (?'e+ $!'!$"$ ee$e'% ()!'3 * 2000 $ 4F!3"+e 8.75, (*!'3%(#e (/e +*(3(%!*' !$"(%!*' %* #e )(++!e& *"% " %*+e(%!/e h!3h +e-"e')!e * 0.7 H.
Figure 8.4: Location and faulting mechanism of the event described in Table 8.1
that has been used to simulate seismic wave propagation the central Chile
subduction zone. Red triangles denote stations with high-quality broadband
recordings of this event (Figure 8.6).
180
![Page 182: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 182/228
Figure 8.5: 3-D image of the mesh (as viewed from the south) that is used to
generate the high frequency 3-D waveform simulations inside the entire rupture
zone of the Maule earthquake.
<e %he' )*$(+e '%he%!) %+()e %* %he )*++e*'&!'3 *#e+/e&(/e*+$ %h(% h(/e h!3h !3'(>%*>'*!e +(%!* 4 =5 4F!3"+e 8.5.<e ?'& e;)ee'% ?% (% $(' %(%!*' " %* h!3h +e-"e')!e40.7 H5, h!3h!3h%!'3 %he +e!(#!!% * *"+ =>D /e*)!% $*&e ('&$*$e'% %e'*+ *"%!*' * %h! e(+%h-"(6e. H*e/e+, *+ $('%+()e, %he+e ! ( h(e h!% #e%ee' %he S>(/e * %he +e&!)%e&('& *#e+/e& (/e*+$, he+e %he *#e+/e& S>(/e (++!/ee(+!e+ )*$(+e& %* %he '%he%!). Th! ?'&!'3 !'&!)(%e %h(% *e+S>(/e /e*)!%!e $( #e +ee'% !' %he "#"+()e, h!)h (+e '*%&e)+!#e& # %he *+!3!'( /e*)!% $*&e.
T* !'/e%!3(%e %h! &!)+e('), e "e %he (&*!'% $e%h*& 4e.3. T+*$ e% (., 20075 %* )()"(%e %he /*"$e%+!) e'!%!/!% *+e)!?) e!$!) (+($e%e+ "!'3 ?'!%e>+e-"e') 6e+'e. Thee6e+'e (+e ( "')%!*' * %he !'%e+()%!*' #e%ee' %he e(+%h-"(6e('& (&*!'% (/e?e& %he (%%e+ ! 3e'e+(%e& # )*'!&e+!'3 %!$e>+e/e+e& !3'( (% %he %(%!*' ( *"+)e 4e.3. L!" ('& T+*$,
200 M(3'*'! e% (., 2015. <e )()"(%e (&*!'% %+()e # "!'3 (!$e (/e*+$ $!?% 4T+*$ e% (., 20075, h!)h ! %he -"(+e&&!Je+e')e #e%ee' %he *#e+/e& ('& '%he%!) &(%( 4e.3. K+!)he+e% (., 20175, *+ ( !'&* %(+%!'3 (% %he P>(/e *'e% 4F!3"+e 8.5('& e'&!'3 27 e)*'& (%e+ %he %he*+e%!)( S>(/e (++!/( %!$e.
181
![Page 183: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 183/228
Figure 8.6: Representative velocity waveform fits comparing 3-D synthetics with
observed waveforms for the simulated test event. Waveforms are bandpass filtered
at 0.05–0.45 Hz. Locations of these stations are shown in Figure 8.4. Orange lines
indicate P-wave onset times.
The (/e+(3e& ?'!%e>+e-"e') 6e+'e * he(+ $*&"" e'!%!/!% !h*' !' F!3"+e 8.. Be*+e &e)+!#!'3 ('& !'%e++e%!'3 e(%"+e *%he 6e+'e, !% ! !$*+%('% %* %(%e %h(% %he /*"$e%+!) e'!%!/!%h*' !' F!3"+e 8. ! '*% $**%he&, * h!3h +e-"e') @")%"(%!*'&"e %* '"$e+!)( '*!e (+e +ee'%. Ne/e+%hee, *'e * %he $(!'e(%"+e !' %he ee)%e& +e-"e') #('& 40.070.7 H5 ! h!3he'!%!/!% )*e %* #*%h %he +e)e!/e+ ('& %he e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e !'%he )*'%!'e'%( *+e(+). Th! *"+)e>+e)e!/e+ e'!%!/!% (%%e+' !)*$$*' %* ?'!%e>+e-"e') 6e+'e 4M(3'*'! e% (., 2015. H!3he'!%!/!% %* "#"+()e %+")%"+e (% h(* &e%h 4!%h!' %he"e+ 7 6$5 ! !6e ( )*'e-"e')e * %he ()6 * +e*"%!*' !' *"+%*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*', &"e %* %he ()6 * h(* e!$!) *"+)e.
182
![Page 184: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 184/228
L* +e!&"( e'!%!/!% !' %he )e'%+( )*'%!'e'%( *+e(+) +e"%+*$ %he h!3h +e*"%!*' !' *"+ %*$*3+(h!) !'/e+!*' 4Ch(%e+F!/e5. The *%he+ $(!' e(%"+e * %he 6e+'e ! h!3h +e!&"(e'!%!/!% !%h!' %he "e+ *+%!*' * %he $(+!'e *+e(+). <ee)"(%e %h(% %h! (%%e+' $( #e &"e %* !$!%(%!*' !' *"+ e!$!)
/e*)!% $*&e &"e %* $e(+!'3 )("e& # $*% *"+)e !'3 (*'3%he (%e !'%e+()e. Th! h!3h e'!%!/!% $( $('!e% !%e ( %heh(e *Je% #e%ee' *#e+/e& ('& '%he%!) (++!/( !' F!3"+e 8..O/e+(, %hee +e!$!'(+ +e"% h* %h(% %he "e * " =>D(/e*+$ !'/e+!*' "!'3 $"%!e (%e+h*)6 )*"& he %* +e?'e!$(3e * "#&")%!*' *'e %+")%"+e ('& (%e !'%e+()e +*e+%!e(% (' "'+e)e&e'%e& )(e * !$(3!'3.
Figure 8.7: Unfiltered isotropic sensitivity kernel of shear modulus (normalised),
as viewed from the south, with a vertical slice through the hypocentral region of
the studied event. Elevation exaggeration = 2:1.
Ch(%e+
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE <ORK
Th! %"& e% *"% %* "'&e+%('& %he h!)( ()%*+ %h(% 3*/e+'*$e * %he (+3e% e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e !' %he *+&. T* !'/e%!3(%e%h! %*!), e *)"e& *' !$(3!'3 h!)( +*e+%!e ('& )*$e;
+"%"+e +*)ee !' %he (+e( * %he 2010 Mw 8.8 M("e e(+%h-"(6e!' Ch!e. He+e, e +e*'& %* %he 6e +*e)% (!$ ('& +ee(+)h
18=
![Page 185: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 185/228
-"e%!*' *e& !' Ch(%e+ O'e. <e %he' e;(!' *$e * %he 6e)*'%+!#"%!*' *+ %he (&/(')e$e'% * "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e)!e')e, ('& %* (!% *!)$(6e+ !' (e!'3 "%"+e e(+%h-"(6eh((+&. F!'(, "33e%!*' (+e 3!/e' *+ "%"+e )!e'%!?) +*3+e!' %he ?e&.
.1Re*'e %* +*e)% (!$ The ?+% h( * %h! %he! )*')e+'e& !%e !%h "!'3 *)(e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h %* &e%e+$!'e %+")%"+( ('& )*$*!%!*'(he%e+*3e'e!% (*'3 ('& (+*"'& %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e. The+e"% +*$ %h! (+% * %he +*e)% (!% %he !'e+e')e * h!)(+*e+%!e %h(% !'@"e')e e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+.A' *'>3*!'3 &e#(%e ($*'3 e(+%h-"(6e )!e'%!% ! he%he+h!)( +*e+%!e * %he "e+ (%e *+ "#&")%!'3 (%e (+e $*+e&*$!'('% !' !'@"e')!'3 $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'!) +*)ee. A&e$*'%+(%e& !' Ch(%e+ F*"+ ('& F!/e, *'e * %he $(!' ?'&!'3* *"+ %"& ( )e'%+e& *' %h! &e#(%e. The C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(! ( (+3e h!3h /e*)!% %+")%"+e 4v p .7 6$5 #e'e(%h %he)*(%!'e !' %he )e'%+e * %he +"%"+e. A%h*"3h %he C*#-"e)"+(('*$( (e(+ ( ( )e(+ e!$!) /e*)!% ('*$( !' #*%h$*&e, e h(/e h*' %h(% ("%*$(%!)( &e%e+$!'e& (++!/( %!$e&(%(e% $( e(& %* #"++e& %*$*3+(h!) !$(3e, ('& he')e %he*!#e $!!'%e++e%(%!*' * ('*$(*" %+")%"+e. I' *"++e!$!'(+ %*$*3+(h %"& 4Ch(%e+ F*"+5, e !'%e++e%e& %h!e(%"+e ( ( "#&")%e& e($*"'%, %he+e# (%%+!#"%!'3 !% %* %he&*'3*!'3 (%e. N*'e%hee, e (&/*)(%e& %h(%, ! !% ( (
e($*"'%, !% ! "'!6e %* +e$(!' (%%()he& %* %he *)e('!) (%e. I'Ch(%e+ F!/e, !%h %he #e'e?% * ( h!3he+ -"(!% e!$!) &(%(e%,!')"&!'3 *Jh*+e *#e+/(%!*', ('& (&&!%!*'( )*'%+(!'% *'"+()e 3e**3, e !'%e++e%e& %he *+!3!' * %h! %+")%"+e ( ('(')!e'% $('%e "e!'3 e$()e& (% %he #(e * %he *+e(+).B(e& *' %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, !% (e(+ %h(% h!3h /e*)!%%+")%"+e !' %he *+e(+) !'@"e')e %he e!$!) )h(+()%e+ * %he$e3(%h+"%. I' (+%!)"(+, %he e+!he+!e * *+e(+) ('*$(!e (+e)*'&")!/e %* %he '")e(%!*' * $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e, e% )('!'h!#!% */e+( +"%"+e e;%e'%. Th! #(++!e+ $e)h('!$ +e"%e& !' (&!%!')%!/e &!%+!#"%!*' * h!3h +e-"e') +(&!(%!*' &"+!'3 %he M("e
+"%"+e. T* *"+ 6'*e&3e, %h! ?'&!'3 ! *'e * %he ?+%&*)"$e'%e& e;($e * ( h!)( %+")%"+e &+!/!'3 &e%h>&ee'&e'% h!3h +e-"e') +(&!(%!*', h!)h ! ( *$eh(%"#!-"!%*" e(%"+e * (+3e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e 4e.3. L(,20175. I% ! *!#e %h(% %h! eJe)% (+!e +*$ %he !')+e(e !''*+$( %+e e;e+%e& *' %he (%e !'%e+()e # ")h %+")%"+e, ("33e%e& # T((+( 420105. H*e/e+, e )(''*% +"e *"% *%he+!'@"e')!'3 ()%*+ ")h ( )h('3e !' +!)%!*'( #eh(/!*"+, *+*!%('& e+$e(#!!% %h(% $( (* ())*$(' h!3h /e*)!% %+")%"+e.O"+ *+6 %he+e*+e &e$*'%+(%e %h(% h!3h /e*)!% %+")%"+e *
(')!e'% *+!3!' !' %he *+e(+) $( !'@"e')e *$e +ee'%>&("#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e. Th", !%h &e%(!e& 6'*e&3e * *+e(+)
18
![Page 186: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 186/228
%+")%"+e ('& %he *)(%!*' * h!3h /e*)!% ('*$(!e, e $( #e(#e %* (e %he e!$!) )h(+()%e+ * "%"+e (+3e $e3(%h+"%+"%"+e.
Th! )*')"!*' h( !$*+%('% !$!)(%!*' *+ e(+%h-"(6e h((+&(e$e'%. Se)!?)(, +"%"+e e;%e'% ! *'e * %he )*'%+* *'
%he $(;!$"$ $(3'!%"&e * e(+%h-"(6e, ('& h!3h +e-"e')e!$!) +(&!(%!*' )(' )("e %+*'3 h(6!'3 !'%e'!% (% %he "+()e.S!$!(+ %* %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(, e !'e+ ( $('%e>&e+!/e&*+!3!' * %he P!)h!e$" ('*$(, h!)h (* 3e'e+(%e ( 3( !'(%e !'%e+()e (%e+h*)6 e!$!)!%. Th! %+")%"+e $( h(/e #ee'( ()%*+ )("!'3 %he (#+"% %e+$!'(%!*' * %he M("e +"%"+e (% !%'*+%he+' e'&, +*$*%!'3 )*'&!%!*' *+ %+*'3 4Mw .5 "e+(%e '*+$( ("%!'3 (%e+h*)6 4R&e+ e% (., 20125. S!')e (+3e(%e+h*)6 !' %he "e+ (%e )(' +*&")e h!3h h(6!'3 !'%e'!%!e,%h! ?'&!'3 (&& "+%he+ )+e&!#!!% %* *"+ )*')"!*' %h(% *)(%!'3"e+ (%e &e'!% ('*$(!e $( he %* )*'%+(!' "#&")%!*'*'e e!$!) h((+&.I% ! *!#e, %h*"3h, %h(% %he +e(%!*'h! #e%ee' h!)(+*e+%!e ('& e!$*3e'!) )h(+()%e+ $( '*% +e$(!' ?;e& */e+%!$e. T* !"%+(%e %h! *!'%, %he +ee!$!)( *)6e& C*#-"e)"+(('*$( &!& '*% !3'!?)('% +"%"+e &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e('& "'&e+e'% $!'!$( *%e!$!) &e*+$(%!*'. Th!!'%e++e%(%!*' #e3 (' !$*+%('% -"e%!*' ( %* %he +"%"+e*%e'%!( * h!3h /e*)!% ('*$(!e !' %he *+e(+): &* %hee%+")%"+e ()% ( (e+!%!e *+ #(++!e+\ A &!)"e& !' %he+e)e&!'3 )h(%e+, !% ! e'%!+e *!#e %h(% %he #eh(/!*"+ *
h!)( %+")%"+e $( )h('3e +*$ *'e e!$!) ))e %* ('*%he+.F*+ e;($e, &"+!'3 %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, %he C*#-"e)"+(('*$( ()%e& ( ( #(++!e+, e% !% $( #eh(/e ( (' (e+!% !' ("%"+e +"%"+e. C*'e-"e'%, %he+e +e$(!' *%e'%!( *+ (' Mw .7 e(+%h-"(6e #e'e(%h %he )*(%( +('3e * )e'%+( Ch!e.H*e/e+, %he +e)!e e!$!) #eh(/!*"+ &ee'& )+!%!)( *' %he($*"'% * %+(!' ())"$"(%e& #, ('& %+e %+('e++e& %*, %heC*#-"e)"+( ('*$(.A!&e +*$ %he $*+e *)(!e& eJe)% * *+e(+) h!3h /e*)!%('*$(!e, * e!$!) /e*)!%!e 4v p ^ .27 6$ v pv s 1.875)*++e(%e !%h $!'!$( ! (% %he ">&! e'& * %he (%e !'%e+()e
&"+!'3 %he M("e +"%"+e. The+e*+e, e )*')"&e %h(% ( !&e &*'>&! e;%e'% 4 80 6$5 * @"!&>(%"+(%e& e&!$e'% (% %he #(e * %he"e+ (%e $( !'h!#!% (+3e ! (% %he %+e')h. Thee e&!$e'%+e"$(# &!( /e*)!%>%+e'3%he'!'3 +!)%!*'( #eh(/!*"+.Se!$!) /e*)!%!e !' %he '*+%h>e(% Z((' "#&")%!*' *'e ('& %he)h(+()%e+!%!) * %he 2011 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e "*+% %h!+e(%!*'h!. He+e, @"!&>(%"+(%e& e&!$e'% &* '*% e;%e'& ( (+('&(+& ( *+ %he M("e +"%"+e *'e. Th! &!Je+e')e h(!$!)(%!*' *+ %he %"'($! *%e'%!( * *$e "#&")%!*' *'e,(&&!'3 "+%he+ /("e %* %he "e * e!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e !'
&e%e+$!'!'3 +"%"+e (%%+!#"%e.
187
![Page 187: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 187/228
The e)*'& (+% * %h! %he! *)"e& *' !$(3!'3 *"+)e)*$e;!% * $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e. S%+e %+('e+ #e%ee''e(+# ("% ! +e*'!#e *+ e/e+( e(+%h-"(6e he'*$e'(, #"%!% ! '*% 6'*' h* ! *' %he (%e !'%e+()e !'%e+()% !%h ("%!' %he "e+ (%e (% h*+% %!$e)(e. I' (+%!)"(+, %he &*$!'('%
%+e %+!33e+!'3 $e)h('!$ (+e &!)"% %* +e*/e, ('& ! ("#e)% * $")h &e#(%e 4e.3. F+ee&, 2005. B )(++!'3 *"% ($"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' * *)( (/e*+$ +e)*+&!'3 +*$%he 2011 Mw .1 A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e, e *"'& %h(% %h! e/e'%( )*$*e& * +"%"+e *' %he (%e !'%e+()e 4Mw .85 **e&# ($*% !'%('%('e*" +e()%!/(%!*' 4 11 5 * ( '*+$( ("% !'%he */e++!&!'3 (%e 4Mw .5. T* *"+ 6'*e&3e, %h! ?'&!'3 ! %he?+% &!+e)% e/!&e')e *+ +(!& %+!33e+e& ! *' (' "e+ (%e ("%&"e %* (%e !'%e+()e !. The "e * =>D (/e*+$ !$"(%!*'+*/!&e e/!&e')e %h(% %he e)*'& e/e'% +e"%e& +*$ &'($!)%+!33e+!'3 # S>(/e +*$ %he !'!%!( %h+"%!'3 +"%"+e. B +e(%!'3%he *"+)e )*'?3"+(%!*' %* e!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e, e ?'& %h(%'*+$( ("% $( +ee+e'%!( *))"+ (*'3 %+")%"+(&!)*'%!'"!%!e !' %he $(+!'e *+e(+), ")h ( %he #()6%*. Sh(*&!>! +"%"+e )*"& 3e'e+(%e ( *)(!e& %"'($!. F"+%he+$*+e,3!/e' %h(% %he "e+ (%e e(+%h-"(6e &*e '*% (e(+ %* h(/e h(&( !3'(%"+e !' %eee!$!) (/e*+$, !% ! *!#e %h(% *$e%+!33e+e& e/e'% $( '*% #e &e%e)%(#e # +e(>%!$e %"'($!(+'!'3 %e$.I' e!$!) !$(3!'3, *"+ %+(%e3 * )*$#!'!'3 *Jh*+e !%h *'h*+e&(%( !' *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h ( 6e %* e!$!)(
!$(3!'3 %he Ch!e(' "#&")%!*' *'e. <e h(/e h*' %h(%!')*+*+(%!'3 *#e+/(%!*' +*$ e;%e'!/e *)e('>#*%%*$e!$*$e%e+ 'e%*+6 )(' !"$!'(%e %he e'%!+e e!$*3e'!) *'e* %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e. I' Ch(%e+ F*"+, e &e$*'%+(%e&%h(% "!'3 *'h*+e &(%( (*'e e(& %* #"++e& !$(3e * %he"#"+()e, (+%!)"(+ !' v s, ('& **+ )*'%+(!'e& h*)e'%+(*)(%!*' * *Jh*+e e(+%h-"(6e. He')e, e +e)*$$e'& %he "e * "%"+e OBS &e*$e'% ('& e+$('e'% )(#e& *#e+/(%*+!e %*!"$!'(%e h!)( +*e+%!e !' "#&")%!*' *'e. The '%he%!)%e% *' (/e*+$ !'/e+!*' !' Ch(%e+ Se/e' (+e ( &e$*'%+(%!*'* h* )e+%(!' *)(%!*' * "#>e/e'% ! '*% #e +e*/e& "'&e+
)!+)"$%(')e * **+ %(%!*' )*/e+(3e. F"+%he+$*+e, e h* %h(%%+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% )(' #!( *"+)e (+($e%e+ * *Jh*+ee(+%h-"(6e. The !$"(%!*' * =>D (/e*+$, %he+e*+e, ! (/("(#e %** %h(% )(' ())"+(%e +e*/e $*$e'% %e'*+(+($e%e+ "!'3 *'h*+e %(%!*' (*'e *+ $(' "#&")%!*' *'e+"%"+e.O/e+(, %he $(!' )*')"!*' * %h! %he! (+e %h(% *+ )e'%+(Ch!e, "e+ (%e %+")%"+e e;e+% ( %+*'3 )*'%+* *' %he +"%"+e)h(+()%e+!%!) * (+3e "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e. I' (+%!)"(+, eh(/e !&e'%!?e& /!%( !'%e+( * %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e
!%h *+e(+) ('*$(!e ('& "e+ (%e ("%. B(e& *' *"++e!$!'(+ ('(! * $($*&e+(%e e(+%h-"(6e $e)h('!$4Se)%!*' 8.1.25, "e+ (%e ("% $( *))"+ %h+*"3h*"%
18
![Page 188: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 188/228
$e3(%h+"% e3$e'%. F"+%he+$*+e, 3!/e' %h(% %hee %+")%"+e (+e+ee'% !' *%he+ (+% * %he S*"%h A$e+!)(' "#&")%!*' *'e 4e.3.A"&!' e% (., 2008 T((+(, 20105 ('& *%he+ )*'/e+3e'% $(+3!'4e.3. K*&(!+( e% (., 200 T"! e% (., 20115, %he $"% #e +e3(+&e&( h(/!'3 !$*+%('% !'@"e')e *' $(' (+3e e(+%h-"(6e.
.2L!$!%(%!*' * %h! %"& ('& !&e( *+ "%"+e+ee(+)h
A e;(!'e& (#*/e, %h! %he! h( h!3h!3h%e& *$e !3'!?)('%!$!)(%!*' *+ %he )!e')e * "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e, ('&"'&e+%('&!'3 * %he!+ h((+&. S%!, &"e %* !$!%(%!*' * %h! %"&('& %he ('(e )h*e', %he+e (+e $(' *!#e "+%he+ !'e *!'/e%!3(%!*', ( &e%(!e& #e*.F!+%, e h(/e e)"(%e& %h(% #(e& *' *"+ 6'*e&3e * %heM("e +"%"+e *'e ('& %he )*$(+!*' $(&e !%h %he T*h*6"
e(+%h-"(6e, e!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e $( he %* )h(+()%e+!e"%"+e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e. H*e/e+, !' *+&e+ %* 3e'e+(%e ( "'!?e&$*&e * %h! +e(%!*'h!, $*+e %"&!e * "#&")%!*' $(+3!' !%hh!3h>+e*"%!*' /e*)!% $*&e ('& &e%(!e& +e)*+&!'3 *$e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+ h*"& #e )*'!&e+e&. F*+ e;($e, *'e)*"& !')"&e %he )*$#!'(%!*' &e%(!e& /e*)!% $*&e * %heH!6"+('3! "#&")%!*' *'e 4e.3. E#e+h(+%>Ph!! ('& Re'e+,20125 !%h 6'*e&3e 3e('e& *' %he &!%+!#"%!*' * !'%e+e!$!)*)6!'3 ('& %he )h(+()%e+!%!) * * ! e/e'% 4e.3. <(()e ('&Be(/(', 20105. F*+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, e h(/e '*% )*'!&e+e&%+('!e'% "#&")%!*' he'*$e'(, ")h ( * ! e/e'% ('&e!$!) %+e$*+, * %he !')"!*' * %he H!6"+('3! )(e %"& )*"&he %* !&e' %he (!)(#!!% * ( "'!?e& $*&e.A !$!(+ !$!%(%!*' ! (%%()he& %* *"+ )*')"!*' * )*e>()e&&*"#e% ('& &'($!) %+!33e+!'3 * ! !' %he "e+ (%e. A%h*"3h*"+ !'3e %"& * %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e ! ( "'!-"e*#e+/(%!*', e h(/e ("&e& %* +e&")e& !$(3!'3 )((#!!% *)*$e; *"+)e # "!'3 %+(&!%!*'( %eee!$!) *"+)e !'/e+!*'.C*'e-"e'%, e )(''*% +"e *"% %h(% %he A+(")('!( e(+%h-"(6e !(' !*(%e& e;($e. I' *"+ *!'!*', !% ! *!#e %h(% !$!(+)*e>()e& &*"#e% h(/e *))"++e& !' *%he+ +e3!*'. He')e, e
"33e% %h(% ( " (e$e'% ! 3!/e' %* $*&e+(%e (+3e 4Mw .8.75 *Jh*+e "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e he+e *)( ('& +e3!*'(%+*'3>$*%!*' (/e*+$ &(%( ! (/(!(#e. F*+ e;($e, !' %heS*"%h A$e+!)(' "#&")%!*' *'e, %he 270201= Mw .1 A)(+!, Pe+"e(+%h-"(6e $( "? %hee )+!%e+!(. F*+ %h! !e * e(+%h-"(6e, !% !*!#e %h(% %he+e (+e '*% e'*"3h (+3e (%e+h*)6 %* +e*/e+"%"+e *' $"%!e ("% "!'3 %eee!$!) CMT *"%!*'. I% $"%#e '*%e&, %h*"3h, %h(% #(e& *' *"+ '%he%!) %e% *' %he+e*/(#!!% * $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e !'/e+!*' "!'3 *'h*+e%(%!*' *', ")h +e"% h*"& #e )(+e" !'%e++e%e&. I(/(!(#e, 3e*&e%!) *#e+/(%!*', *+ e;($e GPS ('& I'SAR, $(
he %* )*'%+(!' $"%!e *!'%>*"+)e ("%!'3 *"%!*'.I&e'%!!'3 %he A+(")('!( &*"#e% +*$ %eee!$!) (/e*+$ (
18
![Page 189: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 189/228
'*% !%h!' %he )*e * *"+ %"&. Ne/e+%hee, e "33e% %h(%&e%(!e& '%he%!) %e% *' %he (#!!% * %eee!$!) $*$e'% %e'*+!'/e+!*' %* !&e'%! )*e>()e& &*"#e% !' "#&")%!*' *'e.A%h*"3h e h(/e h*' %he /("e * (!/e e!$!) !$(3!'3 !%h%he !')"!*' * *)e('>#*%%*$ &(%(, %he+e (+e !'he+e'% !$!%(%!*'
!%h %h! (+*()h. F*+ e;($e, # $(6!'3 !'%e++e%(%!*' *' %he+e(%!*'h! #e%ee' e!$!) /e*)!%!e ('& $e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+,e !$!)!% ("$e %h(% e!$!) /e*)!%!e +e$(!' ?;e& */e+ %!$e.I' ()%, !% ! *!#e %h(% %!$e>&ee'&e'% /e*)!% )h('3e $( #e+e/(e'%, (+%!)"(+ !' %he (%e+$(%h * ( (+3e $e3(%h+"%e(+%h-"(6e. H"e' ('& K!!'3 420015 "e& ( >D %*$*3+(h!)!'/e+!*' %* h* ( !3'!?)('% !')+e(e !' v pv s &"e %* !')+e(e !')+()6 &e'!% ('& )h('3e !' *+e @"!& +e"+e **!'3 %he 17A'%*(3(%( e(+%h-"(6e. F*+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e, !% *"& #e%he*+e%!)( *!#e %* )()"(%e e/e+( %*$*3+(h $*&e *+&!Je+e'% e+!*& * %he (%e+h*)6 e-"e')e. H*e/e+, /(+!(#!!% !'%(%!*' )*/e+(3e */e+ %!$e, (+%!)"(+ !%h OBS 'e%*+6, ('& %he)h*!)e * &($!'3 /("e *+ e()h $*&e )*"& $(6e ")h (+*)e&"+e )*$e;. The+e ! *'e "+%he+ !'he+e'% !$!%(%!*' %* %he(!)(#!!% * LET !$(3!'3 !' *%he+ "#&")%!*' *'e, '($e %he()6 * e/e'>&!%+!#"%e& *"+)e !' ( e!$!) 3(. F*+ e;($e,%he C()(&!( "#&")%!*' *'e h( !%%e $e("+e(#e *Jh*+e#()63+*"'& e!$!)!%, $(6!'3 LET &!)"%. The+e*+e, e+e)*$$e'& %he )*'%!'"e& !'/e%$e'% !'%* *Jh*+e ()%!/e>*"+)ee!$!) e;e+!$e'%, ('& &e/e*$e'% * (!/e e!$!) !$(3!'3,")h ( ($#!e'% '*!e %*$*3+(h "!'3 OBS %(%!*'.
Th+*"3h*"% *"+ !'%e++e%(%!*' * /e*)!% $*&e, e h(/e'e3e)%e& %he *!#e +ee')e * ( "#&")%!*' )h(''e (% 3+e(%e+&e%h 4!.e. 27 6$5, &"e %* %he !$!%(%!*' *' '*&( ()!'3 !' %he!'/e+!*' )he$e. G+e/e$ee+ e% (. 4200=5 ('& C*'%+e+(>Ree e%(. 420085 "33e% %h(% %he "#&")%!*' )h(''e !' %he M("e +e3!*'$( #e " %* 1 6$ %h!)6. A&*!'% ">(/e*+$ %*$*3+(h $(he %* +e*/e v s * ")h %h!' (e+. O"+ +e!$!'(+ *+6 *' ?'!%e>+e-"e') e'!%!/!% 6e+'e 4F!3"+e 8.5 h* %he e!$!)(/e?e& ! &ee'&e'% *' /e*)!% %+")%"+e )*e %* %he e!$!)*"+)e 4!.e. %he "#&")%!'3 (%e !'%e+()e *+ $(' (%e+h*)65.A*, !')e e h(/e h*' !' Ch(%e+ Se/e' %h(% %+")%"+(
he%e+*3e'e!% $!3h% #!( *"+)e (+($e%e+, =>D ">(/e*+$!'/e+!*' )*"& !$+*/e %he +e)!!*' * e!$!) *"+)e !'/e+!*'# "!'3 $*+e ())"+(%e G+ee'9 "')%!*'. S")h =>D ">(/e*+$%*$*3+(h h( #ee' )(++!e& *"% *' ( +e3!*'( )(e *+ )*'%!'e'%(("% *'e, ")h ( %he *"%he+' C(!*+'!( +e3!*' 4T(e e% (.,2005, e% '* ")h %"& h( e% #ee' "#!he& *+ ( "#&")%!*'$(+3!'. F">(/e*+$ !$"(%!*' )(' (* #e /("(#e *+ e!$!)h((+& (e$e'%. Thee $*&e )(' +e&!)% e(6 3+*"'&/e*)!%!e ('& ())ee+(%!*' *+ &!Je+e'% +"%"+e )e'(+!* !')e'%+( Ch!e, (+%!)"(+ he+e %**3+(h!) eJe)% (+e !$*+%('%
%* )*'!&e+ 4Se)%!*' .75.A%h*"3h e h(/e -"(!%(%!/e !'%e++e%e& /!"( )*++e(%!*'#e%ee' h!)( +*e+%!e ('& $e3(%h+"% +*)ee, e ()6
188
![Page 190: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 190/228
6'*e&3e *' %he h!) %h(% )*'%+* ("% #eh(/!*"+. F"+%he+$*+e,*"+ !$e +e(%!*'h! #e%ee' ! ('& e!$!) /e*)!% &*e '*%())*"'% *+ &'($!) +*)ee %h(% )(' )("e #+!%%e (!"+e, ")h( e(6e'!'3 &"e %* +(!& %he+$( +e"+!(%!*' 4F("6'e+ e% (.,20115. A "'!?e& $*&e * e!$!) /e*)!%!e ( ( +*; *+
$e3(%h+"% +"%"+e )h(+()%e+!%!) *"& +e-"!+e )*'%+(!'% *'+!)%!*'( ( 4e.3. S)h*, 185. L(#*+(%*+ &e*+$(%!*'e;e+!$e'% *' +*)6 ($e (% h!3h %+e )*"& he %* +*/!&e(&&!%!*'( )*'%+(!'% *' +!)%!*'( #eh(/!*"+. M*+e*/e+, %he+e ! (3+*!'3 'ee& %* &e/e* %!$e>&ee'&e'% '"$e+!)( !$"(%!*' *$e3(%h+"% #eh(/!*"+ 4e.3. D!'%he+ e% (., 201=5 */e+ $(' e+!*&* %he e!$!) ))e. Thee $*&e *"& 'ee& %* "e +e(!%!) =>D"#&")%!*' *'e %+")%"+e, ")h ( %h(% +ee'%e& !' %h! %he!,h!)h )*"& +*/e /("(#e %* %hee !$"(%!*'. <h!% e ()66'*e&3e * *'3>%e+$ ! h!%*+!e !' "#&")%!*' *'e,!$"(%!*' )*"& -"('%! %+e ())"$"(%!*' ('& +ee(e */e+$(' e!$!) ))e, ( e ( &e)!he+!'3 %he %+e %(%e * h!3h/e*)!% %+")%"+e, ")h ( %he C*#-"e)"+( ('*$(.A%h*"3h e h(/e !$(3e& )*$e; %+")%"+( he%e+*3e'e!% (*'3 ("#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"%, 3e*&e%!) !'/e+!*' *+ !'%e+e!$!) *)6!'3('& )*e!$!) ! %e'& %* "e +(%he+ !$!%!) (+($e%e+!(%!*'* "#"+()e +*e+%!e 4")h ( Y*"'39 $*&"" ('& P*!*'9+(%!* Se)%!*' 1.1.25. F*+ !'%(')e, %he (%e !'%e+()e #e'e(%h %he*"%e+ $(+!'e *+e(+) !' )e'%+( Ch!e ! )h(+()%e+!e& # ( h!3hP*!*'9 +(%!* * 0.=7 4F!3"+e 7.125 h*e/e+, '* "#!he& !!'/e+!*' *+ %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e !')*+*+(%e ")h h!3h /("e.
The+e*+e, e +e)*$$e'& %h(% %hee !'/e+!*' ())*"'% *++e(!%!) %+")%"+( +*e+%!e !' *+&e+ %* (e %he eJe)% *' *)6!'3('& ! &!%+!#"%!*' )*e %* %he %+e')h.
REFERENCES
A#e+)+*$#!e, R.E., A'%*!6, M., Fee+, K., E6%+$, G., 2001. The1 Z(/( %"'($! e(+%h-"(6e: S! */e+ ( "#&")%!'3e($*"'%. Z. Ge*h. Re. 10, 770.
&*!:10.1022000ZB000=
A&($*/(, P., S!e', Z., 2010. N*'>D*"#e>C*"e E(+%h-"(6eMe)h('!$ ( (' A+%!()% * %he P*!'%>S*"+)e A+*()h A!e&%* ( F!'!%e>E;%e'% F*)". B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 100, 7.&*!:10.1870120000
A&($*/(, P., S*6*, E.N., V(h+(&'!6, Z., 2008. P+*#e$(%!) '*'>&*"#e>)*"e $e)h('!$ * %he 2002 A$?*)h!( M7e(+%h-"(6e, <e%e+' G+ee)e. Z. Se!$*. 1=, 112.&*!:10.1001070>008>112>
A3"+%*, H., R!e%#+*)6, A., R&e+, I.M.A., M!e+, M., 2012. Se!$!)m
18
![Page 191: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 191/228
![Page 192: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 192/228
A/*"(), Z.>P., 2011. E(+%h-"(6e: The e*' * T*h*6">O6!. N(%"+e7, =00=00. &*!:10.10=8'(%"+e1027
l/(+e, O., N()!, S., G!$e'e, M., F*3"e+(, A., B+(!%e'#e+3, C.,201. GOCE &e+!/e& /e+%!)( 3+(/!% 3+(&!e'% &e!'e(%e 3+e(%
e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e (*'3 %he )h!e(' $(+3!'. Te)%*'*h!). &*!:10.101.%e)%*.201.0=.011
B()6", G., G!#e+%, F., 18. The Re*/!'3 P*e+ * G+* E(+%hD(%(. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 1, 1207. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.18.%#0021.;
B('3, N.L.B., M**+e, G.F., G"!)6, S.P.S., P('3#*+', E.M., T*#!', H.Z.,K"+($*%*, S., T(!+(, A., 200. B+*(&, e(6 +e3!*' * %he N('6(!Me3(%h+"% ('& !$!)(%!*' *+ h(* )*e!$!) !. E(+%hP('e%. S)!. Le%%. 28, . &*!:10.101.e.200.0.02
B(++!e'%*, S.E., 18. I %he P!)h!e$">T()(h"('* 4Ch!e5 ( e!$!)3(. Se!$*. Re. Le%%. 1, =8.
B(++!e'%*, S.E., <(+&, S.N., 10. The 10 Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e:!'/e+!*' *+ ! &!%+!#"%!*' +*$ "+()e &e*+$(%!*'.Ge*h. Z. I'%. 10=, 7878. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.10.%#07=.;
B(e%%, D., S"%he+('&, R., He'+, S., S%e+', T.A., S)he+(%h, M.,
Be'*', A., T*"$!', S., He'&e+*', M., 2010. Th+eem&!$e'!*'(/e*)!% %+")%"+e * %he '*+%he+' H!6"+('3! $(+3!', R("6"$(+(,Ne Ve(('&: I$!)(%!*' *+ %he 3+*%h * )*'%!'e'%( )+"% #"#&")%!*' e+*!*' ('& %e)%*'!) "'&e+(%!'3. Ge*)he$.,Ge*h., Ge*%. 11, Q1001=. &*!:10.1022010GC00=1=
Be)6, S., B(++!e'%*, S.E., K("e, E., Ree, M., 18. S*"+)e)h(+()%e+!%!) * h!%*+!) e(+%h-"(6e (*'3 %he )e'%+( Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e. Z. S. A$. E(+%h S)!. 11, 11712.&*!:10.101S087>81148500007>
Be)6, S.L., R!e%#+*)6, A., T!$('', F., B(++!e'%*, S.E., Me%e+, A.S.,Oe'he!$e+, D.H., B(%(!e, K., R*e)6e+, S.<., !*%%e, Z.>P.,R"*, R.M., 201. A&/(')!'3 S"#&")%!*' V*'e S)!e')e A%e+ (B!3 Q"(6e. E* T+('. A$. Ge*h. U'!*' 7, 1=1.&*!:10.1002201EO2=0001
Be&*+&, Z., M*+e'*, M., B(e, Z.C., L('3e, D., T!$('', F., R*e'(",M., He!&#()h, O., B(+%)h, M., T((+(, A., Be/!, M., !3', C.,201=. A h!3h>+e*"%!*', %!$e>/(+!(#e (%e+! $*&e *+ %he2010 M("e M 8.8, Ch!e $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e. E(+%h
P('e%. S)!. Le%%. =8=, 2=. &*!:10.101.e.201=.0.020Be, R., H*&e', C., P*e+, <., <('3, [., D*'e, G., 201.
11
![Page 193: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/193.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 193/228
H!6"+('3! $(+3!' %"'($! e(+%h-"(6e 3e'e+(%e& # *e!$!) +"%"+e */e+ ( "#&")%e& e($*"'%. E(+%h P('e%. S)!.Le%%. =, 1. &*!:10.101.e.201.0.007
Be+*(, G.C., I&e, S., 2011. S* E(+%h-"(6e ('& N*'/*)('!)
T+e$*+. A''". Re/. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. =, 212.&*!:10.11(''"+e/>e(+%h>0080>1727=1
B!e6, S.L., 2010. The +*e * "#&")%!*' e+*!*' *' e!$!)!%.Ge**3 =8, 80. &*!:10.11=0*)"072010.1
B!e6, S.L., L(, T., 2002. T"'($! e(+%h-"(6e *!# !&e+e(&$('!e%(%!*' * +!)%!*'( )*'&!%!*'( %(#!!%. Ge*h. Re.Le%%. 2, 18118. &*!:10.1022002GL017217
B!e6, S.L., L(, T., 1. R!3!&!% /(+!(%!*' !%h &e%h (*'3!'%e+(%e $e3(%h+"% ("% !' "#&")%!*' *'e. N(%"+e 00,=. &*!:10.10=822=
B!e6, S.L., S)h(+%, S.Y., DeSh*', H.R., 200=. C*'%+* * e(@**++*"3h'e *' e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e #eh(/!*+. Ge**3 =1, 7778. &*!:10.11=0001>1=4200=50=1^077:COSROE2.0.CO2
B('!e&, M.L., L*)6'e+, D.A., Be+ee, Z.D., 17. F+!)%!*'( ! *3+('!%e (% h&+*%he+$( )*'&!%!*'. Z. Ge*h. Re. 100, 1=07.
&*!:10.1027ZB0082B(e+, L., K+`3e+, F., Oh+'#e+3e+, M., S)he+#("$, F., 2010. S)(!'3
Re(%!*' * E(+%h-"(6e S*"+)e P(+($e%e+ E%!$(%e !%hSe)!( F*)" *' S"#&")%!*' E'/!+*'$e'%. B. Se!$*. S*). A$.100, 2122. &*!:10.1870120100111
B*h$, M., 200. =>D L*6(#e#e'%*$*3+(h!e &e+ "&!)he' A'&e'!)he' =* "'& 0*S. F+e!e U'!/e+!%(% Be+!', Ge+$('.
B*%*)6, M.G., 201=. The M*h* !' "#&")%!*' *'e. Te)%*'*h!)
0, 777. &*!:10.101.%e)%*.2012.0.00
B*%*)6, M.G., H'&$(', R.D., R*'&e'(, S., Pe()*)6, S.M., 2002.A' !'/e+%e& )*'%!'e'%( M*h* ('& e+e'%!'!(%!*' * %he *+e(+)$('%e. N(%"+e 1, 7=7=8. &*!:10.10=817=(
B*")h*', M., 181. A !$e $e%h*& %* )()"(%e G+ee'n "')%!*'*+ e(%!) (e+e& $e&!(. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 1, 71.
B`+3$('', R., Ch(&e, D., 201. Se(@**+ Ge*&e. A''". Re/.
E(+%h P('e%. S)!. 2, 707=. &*!:10.11(''"+e/>e(+%h>00=1=>077=
12
![Page 194: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 194/228
B`+3$('', R., K*3(', M.G., S%e#*/, G.M., H!e, G., Le/!', .E.,Ae, E., 2007. I'%e+e!$!) )*"!'3 ('& (e+!% &!%+!#"%!*'(*'3 %he K($)h(%6( "#&")%!*' *'e. Z. Ge*h. Re. 110,B007. &*!:10.1022007ZB00=8
C(/e+%, A., S('&/*, E., Se#e+, D., B(+(('3!, M., R*e)6e+, S.<.,M*"+(#!%, T., !&(, F., A3"()!, G., Z(#*"+, N., 2000. Ge*&'($!)e/*"%!*' * %he !%h*he+e ('& "e+ $('%e #e'e(%h %heA#*+(' +e3!*' * %he e%e+' Me&!%e++('e(': C*'%+(!'% +*$%+(/e %!$e %*$*3+(h. Z. Ge*h. Re. 107, 10811088.&*!:10.1022000ZB0002
C($*, Z., H(%e&, D., M(&(+!(3(, R., L*e, G., K("e, E., V**,A., I(''()*'e, G., F+*$$, R., B(++!e'%*, S.E., L*'>C(e', H.,2002. A e!$**3!)( %"& * %he 18=7 e!$!) 3( !' *"%h>)e'%+( Ch!e. Ph. E(+%h. P('e%. I'%e+. 1=2, 117.&*!:10.101S00=1>201402500071>1
C($", P., S"h(&*), P., P('(, G.F., S!e', Z., 1. C*$e%e$*$e'% %e'*+ +e%+!e/( *+ e(6 e/e'%: (!)(%!*' %**+*3e'!) ('& /*)('!) (+e(. Te)%*'*h!) 21, 11=.&*!:10.101000>17145000=>
C(+*', R.L., M!e+, D.Z., 200=. M('%e e&3e (%e+ )*'%e'%e%!$(%e& +*$ e!$!) /e*)!%!e !' (+%!( e+e'%!'!e&e+!&*%!%e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =0, 1270.
&*!:10.1022002GL0100C((+*%%!, E., S%"(!'!, M., Lee, S.Z., K*$(%!%)h, D., P!e+('%!, A.,
T+*$, Z., 2008. CUBIT ('& Se!$!) <(/e P+*(3(%!*' B(e&U*' %he Se)%+(>Ee$e'% Me%h*&: A' A&/(')e& U'%+")%"+e&Mehe+ *+ C*$e; =D Ge**3!)( Me&!(, !': P+*)ee&!'3 * %he1%h I'%e+'(%!*'( Meh!'3 R*"'&%(#e. S+!'3e+ Be+!'He!&e#e+3, Be+!', He!&e#e+3, . 77. &*!:10.1008>=>70>710=>8o=2
Ce'%+* S!$*X3!)* N()!*'(, 2011. Ce'%+* S!$*X3!)* N()!*'(,
U'!/e+!&(& &e Ch!e p<<< D*)"$e'%q. URLh%%:.!$**3!(.) 4())ee& 7.2.175.
Ce+/e', ., M**%6*/, I. A., Pe')!6, I., 1. R( $e%h*& !'e!$**3. U'!/e+!% * K(+*/( P+e, Ce)h**/(6!(.
Ch("h(', A.P.S., S!'3h, S.C., H('('%*, N.D., C(+%*', H.,K!'3eh*ee+, F., De(, Z.[., Pe+$('(, H., <h!%e, N.Z.,G+(!'&*+3e, D., Te($, S.S., 200. Se!$!) !$(3!'3 * *+e(+)#()6%h+"% (% '*+%he+' S"$(%+( "#&")%!*' *'e. Ge*h. Z.
I'%. 1, 12180. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.200.0=8.;Che', A.T., F+*h!)h, C., L(%h($, G.., 182. Se!$!)!% * %he *+e(+)
1=
![Page 195: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/195.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 195/228
![Page 196: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/196.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 196/228
C**, M., Sh+e/e, R.L., 188. S"#&")%!*'>)h(''e $*&e * +!$())+e%!*', $e('3e *+$(%!*', e&!$e'% "#&")%!*', ('&"#&")%!*' e+*!*' (% )*'/e+3e'% (%e $(+3!': 1. B()63+*"'&('& &e)+!%!*'. P"+e. A. Ge*h. 128, 77700.&*!:10.100BF00878
C*!'3, R., L('3e, D., R!e%#+*)6, A., T!$('', F., N(%(!&((, D.H.,S"(+3(&!, B.<., M!e+, M., S(", Z., 2012. S%+")%"+e ('&e!$*3e'!) +*e+%!e * %he Me'%((! e3$e'% * %heS"$(%+( "#&")%!*' *'e +e/e(e& # *)( e(+%h-"(6e%+(/e%!$e %*$*3+(h. Z. Ge*h. Re. 11, B01=12.&*!:10.1022011ZB008
C**%, Z.Y., A3"&e*, <., R!#*&e%%!, A., M(+)(!*", B., 2008. O+!3!' *( )+"%( ( ("% ('& !% +e(%!*' %* %he e!$*3e'!) *'e ('&"'&e+(%!'3 (% %he e+*!*'( '*+%h E)"(&*+*"%h C**$#!(*)e('!) $(+3!'. Z. Ge*h. Re. 11=, B12102.&*!:10.1022008ZB0071
C**%, Z.Y., M(+)(!*", B., S(3e, F., M!)h("&, F., A3"&e*, <., Ch(+/!,P., G+(!'&*+3e, D., G"%)he+, M.A., Se')e, G., 200. A+e +"%"+e*'e !$!% * 3+e(% "#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e )*'%+*e& # "e+(%e %+")%"+e\ E/!&e')e +*$ $"%!)h(''e e!$!) +e@e)%!*'&(%( ()-"!+e& ()+* %he '*+%he+' E)"(&*+*"%he% C**$#!($(+3!'. Z. Ge*h. Re. 10, B1110=.&*!:10.102200ZB00=00
C*'%+e+( Ree, E., Be)e++(, Z., K*, H., Re!)he+%, C., Df( N(/e(, Z., 201. Se!$!) %+")%"+e * %he '*+%hm)e'%+( Ch!e(')*'/e+3e'% $(+3!': S"#&")%!*' e+*!*' * ( (e*$(3$(%!) (+).Ge*h. Re. Le%%. 1, 172=172.
C*'%+e+( Ree, E., G+e/e$ee+, I., F"eh, E.R., Re!)he+%, C., 2008.Ue+ !%h*he+!) %+")%"+e * %he "#&")%!*' *'e *Jh*+e **"%he+' A+(")* e'!'"(, Ch!e, (% a=8S. Z. Ge*h. Re.11=, B0=0=. &*!:10.102200ZB0077
C*'%+e+(>Ree, E., F"eh, E.R., G+e/e$ee+, I., 2010. Te)%*'!))*'%+* *' e&!$e'% ())+e%!*' ('& "#&")%!*' *J *"%h )e'%+(Ch!e: I$!)(%!*' *+ )*e!$!) +"%"+e +*)ee * %he 10('& 2010 $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e. Te)%*'!) 2.
C*'%+e+(>Ree, E., Z(+(, Z., G+e/e$ee+, I., R"!, S., C(++!*, D.,2012. A#+"% )h('3e !' %he &! * %he "#&")%!'3 (%e #e'e(%h'*+%h Ch!e. N(%"+e Ge*)!. 7, =2=7. &*!:10.10=8'3e*1
C*'%+e+(>Ree, E., Z(+(, Z., M(6$*!), A., <e!'+e#e, <., 201=.
Se&!$e'% *(&!'3 (% %he *"%he+' Ch!e(' %+e')h ('& !% %e)%*'!)!$!)(%!*'. Z. Ge*&'. , 1=17.&*!:10.101.*3.201=.02.00
17
![Page 197: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 197/228
D(he', F.A., S"e, Z., D(/!, D., 18. Me)h('!) * *&m('&m%h+"%#e% ('& ())+e%!*'(+ e&3e: C*he!/e C*"*$# The*+. Z.Ge*h. Re. 8, 100810101. &*!:10.102ZB08!B121008
D(''*6!, A., G+e/e$ee+, I., K+(%, H., A++**, I., 201=. C+"%(
%h!)6'e ('& $('%e e&3e %+")%"+e +*$ +e)e!/e+ "')%!*' !'%he Ch!e(' M("e +e3!*' (% =7 S. Te)%*'*h!).&*!:10.101.%e)%*.201=.02.017
D(+!', C., 1871. Ge**3!)( *#e+/(%!*' *' )*+( +ee, /*)('!)!('&, ('& *' S*"%h A$e+!)(: Be!'3 %he 3e**3 * %he /*(3e* %he Be(3e, "'&e+ %he )*$$('& * C(%(!' F!%+*, RN, &"+!'3%he e(+ 18=2 %* 18=, Ge**3. S$!%h, E&e+.&*!:10.11=0G2018.2
D(/!, D., S"e, Z., D(he', F.A., 18=. Me)h('!) * *&m('&m%h+"%#e% ('& ())+e%!*'(+ e&3e. Z. Ge*h. Re. 88, 117=112.&*!:10.102ZB088!B020117=
De(', S.M., M)Ne!, L.C., He'%*)6, T.Z., B", Z.M., G"!)6, S.P.S.,A"%!', Z.A., B('3, N.L.B., D((&!h(+&(, Y.S., Pe+$('(, H., 2010.C*'%+(%!'3 &)*e$e'% ('& +!$ +*e+%!e */e+ %he S"$(%+(200>2007 e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e #*"'&(+. S)!e')e =2, 20210.&*!:10.112)!e')e.118==
DeMe%, C., G*+&*', R.G., A+3", D.F., 2010. Ge**3!)( )"++e'%
(%e $*%!*'. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 181, 180. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.200.01.;
DeSh*', H.R., S)h(+%, S.Y., 200. E/!&e')e *+ e+e'%!'!(%!*' *%he *+e(+) $('%e e&3e (*'3 %he N!)*( Pe'!'"(, C*%(R!)(. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =1, L2111.&*!:10.102200GL0211
DeSh*', H.R., S)h(+%, S.Y., Ne$(', A.., G*'e, ., P+*%%!, M.,D*+$(', L.M., D!;*', T.H., S($*', D.E., F"eh, E.R., 200.Se!$*3e'!) *'e %+")%"+e #e'e(%h %he N!)*( Pe'!'"(,
C*%( R!)(, +*$ %h+eem&!$e'!*'( *)( e(+%h-"(6e Pm('& Sm(/e %*$*3+(h. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 1, 1012.&*!:0.1111.1=7>2[.2007.0280.;
De(, Z.[., K!'3eh*ee+, F., G+(!'&*+3e, D., A'&+e, C., Pe+$('(, H.,G"%)he+, M.A., Ch("h(', A., S!'3h, S.C., %he SUMATRA>OBSS)!e'%!?) Te($, 200. Me3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e )(' '")e(%e !'%he *+e(+) $('%e: E/!&e')e +*$ %he 200 S"$(%+( e/e'%.Ge**3 =, 72. &*!:10.11=0G277=A.1
D!'%he+, Y., Ge+(, T.., D(3"e+, L.A., M(!, P.M., M*++(, G., G!(+&!'!,D., 201=. The e!$!) ))e (% "#&")%!*' %h+"%: I'!3h% +*$e!$*m%he+$*m$e)h('!)( $*&e. Z. Ge*h. Re. S*!& E(+%h
1
![Page 198: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 198/228
118, 18=202. &*!:10.1002201=ZB010=80
D*$!'3"e, S., M((/!e!e, Z., L(e$('&, S.E., 2000. De*+$(%!*' * ())+e%!*'(+ e&3e !' +e*'e %* e($*"'% "#&")%!*':I'!3h% +*$ ('&#*; e;e+!$e'%. Te)%*'!) 1, 1821.
D+e3e+, D., S(/(3e, B., 1. A%e+h*)6 * %he 172 Ke+' C*"'%,C(!*+'!(, e(+%h-"(6e e-"e')e. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 8, 101108.
D+e3e+, D., <**&, B., 2002. Re3!*'( &!%(')e e!$!) $*$e'%%e'*+ * '")e(+ e;*!*'. Te)%*'*h!) =7, 1=17.&*!:10.101S000>171402500=81>7
D+e3e+, D.S., He$#e+3e+, D.., 1=. De%e+$!'(%!*' * *"+)e(+($e%e+ (% +e3!*'( &!%(')e !%h %h+ee>)*$*'e'% (+e'e%*+6 &(%(. Z. Ge*h. Re. 8, 810. &*!:10.102=ZB0002=
D!e+$(, Y., R(##e, <., Th*+(+%, M., K*"(6*/, I., <eh+$('', H.,H*e+'e, K., C*$%e, D., 2012(. Se!$!) /e*)!% %+")%"+e * %he(# ('& )*'%!'e'%( (%e !' %he +e3!*' * %he 10 (&!/!(4Ch!e5 ! $(;!$"$ r I'!3h% !'%* @"!& +ee(e ('& (%e)*"!'3. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. ==1>==2, 11.&*!:10.101.e.2012.02.00
D!e+$(, Y., Th*+(+%, M., R(##e, <., 2012#. M*h* %**3+(h ('&
"#&")%!'3 *)e('!) (# * %he Ch!e(' )*'%!'e'%( $(+3!' !' %he$(;!$"$ ! e3$e'% * %he 10 M .7 (&!/!( 4Ch!e5e(+%h-"(6e +*$ P>+e)e!/e+ "')%!*'. Te)%*'*h!) 7=0>7=1,18012. &*!:10.101.%e)%*.2011.12.01
D!e*'6!, A.M., H(3e+, B.H., OnC*''e, R.Z., 1. L(+3em)(ehe%e+*3e'e!%!e !' %he *e+ $('%e. Z. Ge*h. Re. 82, 2=277. &*!:10.102ZB082!002002=
D!e*g6!, A.M., Ch*", T.A., <**&h*"e, Z.H., 181. De%e+$!'(%!*'* e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e (+($e%e+ +*$ (/e*+$ &(%( *+
%"&!e * 3*#( ('& +e3!*'( e!$!)!%. Z. Ge*h. Re. 8,28272872. &*!:10.102ZB08!B002827
D!e*g6!, A.M., <**&h*"e, Z.H., 18=. S%"&!e * %he e!$!)*"+)e "!'3 '*+$(>$*&e %he*+, !': K('($*+!, H., B*)h!, E.4E&.5, E(+%h-"(6e: O#e+/(%!*', The*+ ('& I'%e+e%(%!*'.E(+%h-"(6e: O#e+/(%!*', %he*+ ('& !'%e+e%(%!*',A$%e+&($, . 71=.
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., 1=. L*)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h:
e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e +e3!*', !': Ie+, H.M., H!+(h(+(, K. 4E&.5,Se!$!) T*$*3+(h > The*+ ('& P+()%!)e. L*'&*', . 1==.
1
![Page 199: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 199/228
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., 10. Th+eem&!$e'!*'( P ('& S /e*)!%%+")%"+e !' %he C*(!'3( Re3!*', C(!*+'!(. Z. Ge*h. Re. 7,17==17==. &*!:10.102ZB07!B1017==
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., 18. A)%!/e ("%!'3 ('& &e*+$(%!*' * %he
C*(!'3( A'%!)!'e ( !'%e++e%e& +*$ %h+eem&!$e'!*'(/e*)!% %+")%"+e ('& e!$!)!%. Z. Ge*h. Re. , 17771778. &*!:10.102ZB0!B111777
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., 18. Th+ee>&!$e'!*'( /e*)!% %+")%"+e !''*+%he+' C(!*+'!( C*(% R('3e +*$ !'/e+!*' * *)(e(+%h-"(6e (++!/( %!$e. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. , 10271072.
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., M!)h(e, A.Z., 18. Se!$*%e)%*'!) * %heL*$( P+!e%(, C(!*+'!(, +e3!*' &e%e+$!'e& +*$ %h+ee>&!$e'!*'( , , ('& e!$!)!%. Z. Ge*h. Re. 10=,210. &*!:10.1028ZB018
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., Re'e+, M., 2012. I$(3!'3 %he H!6"+('3! P(%e!'%e+()e +e3!*', !%h !$+*/e& *)(me(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h.Ge*h. Z. I'%. 10, 1221122.
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., Re'e+, M., 1. P(%e !'%e+()e +*e+%!e !'%he N*+%he(% H!6"+('3! S"#&")%!*' V*'e, Ne Ve(('&, +*$)*'/e+%e& e!$!) (/e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. 2, 277278.&*!:10.1021GL007
E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., Re'e+, M., Ch(&!)6, M., Ch!", Z.M., 2007.C+"%( he%e+*3e'e!% ('& "#&")%!*' +*)ee: =mD , ('& Q !' %he *"%he+' N*+%h I('&, Ne Ve(('&. Ge*h. Z.I'%. 12, 20288. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.2007.027=0.;
E6%+$, G., Ne%%e, M., D!e*g6!, A.M., 2012. The 3*#( CMT+*e)% 2002010: Ce'%+*!&>$*$e'% %e'*+ *+ 1=,01e(+%h-"(6e. Ph. E(+%h. P('e%. I'%e+. 200>201, 1.&*!:10.101.e!.2012.0.002
E*+%h, <.L., 1. Th+ee>&!$e'!*'( %+")%"+e * %he )+"% ('&$('%e #e'e(%h %he !('& * H((!!. M(()h"e%% I'%!%"%e *
Te)h'**3, C($#+!&3e.
F(+f(, M., C*$%e, D., R*e)6e+, S.<., C(++!*, D., P(+&*, M., 2011.C+"%( e;%e'!*'( ("%!'3 %+!33e+e& # %he 2010 Ch!e('e(+%h-"(6e: The P!)h!e$" Se!$!) Se-"e')e. Te)%*'!) =0.&*!:10.1022011TC002888
F("6'e+, D.R., M!%)he, T.M., Beh'e', Z., H!+*e, T., Sh!$($*%*, T.,
2011. S%")6 !' %he $"&\ E(+%h-"(6e '")e(%!*' ('& +*(3(%!*'%h+*"3h ())+e%!*'(+ *+e(+). Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =8.&*!:10.1022011GL08772
18
![Page 200: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 200/228
![Page 201: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 201/228
*'e% * *)6!'3 !' %he Pe+"Ch!e %+e')h !%h GPS ('& ()*"%!)$e("+e$e'%. N(%"+e =, 207208. &*!:10.10=8'(%"+e0=12
G(*/!), F., V(h+(&'!6, Z., 2012. C*$e;!% * %he M .= 200LnA-"!( 4)e'%+( I%(5 e(+%h-"(6e: 1. M"%!e ?'!%eme;%e'%
*"+)e !'/e+!*'. Z. Ge*h. Re. 11, B0=0.&*!:10.1022011ZB0080
G(+%h, T., R!e%#+*)6, A., 201. O+&e+ * $(3'!%"&e !')+e(e !'"#&")%e& H2O &"e %* h&+(%e& '*+$( ("% !%h!' %he <(&(%!>Be'!*J *'e. Ge**3 2, 20210. &*!:10.11=0G==0.1
Gee+e', Z., Beh+$('', Z.H., 6e+, D., K+(%e, S., R('e+*, C.R.,D!( N(/e(, Z., <e!'+e#e, <., 2011(. A)%!/e %e)%*'!) * %heS*"%h Ch!e(' $(+!'e *+e (+) 4=7 S0 S5. Te)%*'!) =0.
Gee+e', Z., 6e+, D., Beh+$('', Z.H., Re!)he+%, C., K+(%e, S.,2011#. Pe!%*)e'e 3!('% *e (!"+e *Jh*+e A+(")*Pe'!'"(, S*"%he+' Ch!e. Z. Ge*. S*). L*'&*' 18, 12=128.&*!:10.11001>2011>02
Gee+e', Z., M)Ne!, L., He'%*)6, T.Z., G(e&!)6e, C., 201=, The 200A)eh>A'&($(' E(+%h-"(6e: E(+ )( &eh&+(%!*' )*'%+*h(* e!$!) +"%"+e, Ge*)he$. Ge*h. Ge*%., 1,==17==2=. &*!:10.1002333e.201=
Gee+, R.Z., 2011. Sh(6e>" %!$e *+ Z(('ee e!$**3. N(%"+e2, 00. &*!:10.10=8'(%"+e10107
G!#e+%, F., 1=. De+!/(%!*' * S*"+)e P(+($e%e+ +*$ L*>F+e-"e') Se)%+(. Ph!. T+('. R. S*). L*'&. A 2, ==1.&*!:10.108+%(.1=.007
G*&', Z., E)h%e+, H., C*(*, S., A+&!e, M., B"+X', P., F!3"e+*(, O.,2008. D!Je+e'%!( L(%e P(e**!) ()%!/e $(+3!' e/*"%!*' !'S*"%h>Ce'%+( Ch!e 4=S0S5 %he L('(h"e F("% V*'e. Z. S.A$. E(+%h S)!. 2, =11. &*!:10.101.($e.2008.0.001
G*&', Z., G+te, K., E)h%e+, H., R*e'(", M., 200. Me**!) %*Q"(%e+'(+ )*'%!'e'%( $(+3!' &'($!) !' S*"%h>Ce'%+( Ch!e4=2S5: %he ((%!%e ('& !+)*' ?!*' %+()6 e+e)%!/e. I'%. Z.E(+%h S)!. , 121121. &*!:10.100007=1>00>020=>1
G*&?'3e+, C., K"$, L.D., Ye(%, R.S., M)Ne!, L.C., H"$$*', C.,1. O#!-"e %+!6em! ("%!'3 * %he )e'%+( C()(&!("#$(+!'e *+e(+). Z. Ge*h. Re. 102, 82182=.&*!:10.102ZB0277
G*'e, G., S(((+, P., L*/ee, Z.P., A$e'&!'3e+, R.<., A+*', F.,Sh+!/(%(/(, M., 2017. Ue+ (%e +e/e+e ("% +e()%!/(%!*' ('&
200
![Page 202: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 202/228
%he "')($!'3 * %he $e3(%h+"% &"+!'3 %he 201 '*+%he+'Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e e-"e')e. Ge**3 G=0=.1=, 1>.&*!:10.11=0G=0=.1
G+(e#e+, F.M., A)h, G., 1. Th+ee>&!$e'!*'( $*&e * P(/e
/e*)!% ('& P>%*> S/e*)!% +(%!* !' %he *"%he+' )e'%+( A'&e# !$"%('e*" !'/e+!*' * *)( e(+%h-"(6e &(%(. Z. Ge*h.Re. 10, 202=. &*!:10.1021ZB000=
G+e/e$ee+, I., D!(>N(/e(, Z.L., R('e+*, C.R., !!'3e+, H.<.,200=. He(% @* */e+ %he &e)e'&!'3 N()( (%e !' )e'%+(Ch!e, =2S %* 1S: *#e+/(%!*' +*$ ODP Le3 202 ('& %he*))"++e')e * '(%"+( 3( h&+(%e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. 21=,28728. &*!:10.101S0012>821[40=500=0=>0
G+*d, K., M!)6)h, U., TIPTEQ Ree(+)h G+*", Se!$!) Te($, 2008. The +e@e)%!*' e!$!) "+/e * +*e)% TIPTEQr%he !'/e'%*+ * %he Ch!e(' "#&")%!*' *'e (% =8.2 S. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 12,7771. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.200.0=80.;
G"$(', A.R., T('!*6(, Y., S(6(!, S., T"h!$(, H., 2012. S*"+)e$*&e * %he 3+e(% 2011 T*h*6" e(+%h-"(6e e%!$(%e& +*$%"'($! (/e*+$ ('& )+"%( &e*+$(%!*' &(%(. E(+%h P('e%.S)!. Le%%. =1>=, 2=22. &*!:10.101.e.2012.0.00
H(#e+('&, C., R!e%#+*)6, A., L('3e, D., B(%(!e, K., D(h$, T., 200.
S%+")%"+e * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e * %he *"%h)e'%+( Ch!e('$(+3!' +e/e(e& # *)( e(+%h-"(6e %+(/e%!$e %*$*3+(h. Z.Ge*h. Re. 11, B01=1. &*!:10.1022008#007802
H(#e+('&, C., R!e%#+*)6, A., L('3e, D., B(%(!e, K., H*$('', S.,200. I'%e+()%!*' #e%ee' *+e(+) ('& *)e('!) (%e (% %he*"%hm)e'%+( Ch!e(' $(+3!' ( ee' !' *)( e!$!) &(%(.Ge*h. Re. Le%%. ==. &*!:10.102200GL02818
H()6e+, B.R., A#e+, G.A., 200. S"#&")%!*' F()%*+ =: A' E;)e*+6hee% ('& $()+* *+ )()"(%!'3 %he &e'!%!e, e!$!) (/e
ee&, ('& H2O )*'%e'% * $!'e+( ('& +*)6 (% +e"+e ('&%e$e+(%"+e. Ge*)he$., Ge*h., Ge*%. 7, Q01007.&*!:10.102200=GC0001
H(+&e#e)6, Z.L., 2012. C*e!$!) ('& *%e!$!) %+e +*%(%!*'&"e %* 3+e(% "#&")%!*' *'e e(+%h-"(6e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%.=, L21=1=. &*!:10.1022012GL07==8
H(+&e#e)6, Z.L., She(+e+, P.M., 2002. A Ne Me%h*& *+ De%e+$!'!'3F!+%>M*%!*' F*)( Me)h('!$. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 2, 22
22. &*!:10.1870120010200H(+!+!, E, M., B!e6, S.L., DeSh*', H.R., E'3&(h, E.R., B!+(%, S.,
201
![Page 203: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/203.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 203/228
201=. A*'3m%+!6e /(+!(#!!% * +"%"+e &"+(%!*' !' "#&")%!*'*'e e(+%h-"(6e. Z. Ge*h. Re. S*!& E(+%h 118, .&*!:10.1022012ZB0078
H(++!, R.N., C*'&e+, Z.A., He"+e%, A., 201. The %he+$( %+")%"+e *
%he "#&")%!*' %h+"% !%h!' ())+e%!*'(+ ('& e+*!/e $(+3!'. Te)%*'*h!) ==, 2212=1. &*!:10.101.%e)%*.201.0.00
H(e3((, A., Y*h!&(, K., A('*, Y., O6(&(, T., I!'"$(, T., I%*, Y.,2012. Ch('3e !' %+e ?e& (%e+ %he 2011 3+e(% T*h*6">O6!e(+%h-"(6e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. =77>=7, 2=12=.&*!:10.101.e.2012.08.02
H(e, G.P., Be+3$(', E., Z*h'*', K.L., Be', H.M., B+*', L.,Me%e+, A.S., 201=. Se!$*%e)%*'!) +($e*+6 * %he 2010Fe#+"(+ 2 M 8.8 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e e-"e')e.Ge*h. Z. I'%. 17, 10=1071. &*!:10.10=3!33%2=8
H(e, G.P., <(&, D.Z., 200. De/e*!'3 +($e*+6 %* )*'%+(!'%he 3e*$e%+ * %he e!$!) +"%"+e ('e *' "#&")%!*'!'%e+()e ( +!*+!( +*#(#!!%!) (+*()h. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 1,71.
H(e, G.P., <(&, D.Z., Z*h'*', R.L., 2012. S(#1. 0: A %h+eem&!$e'!*'( $*&e * 3*#( "#&")%!*' *'e 3e*$e%+!e. Z.Ge*h. Re. 11. &*!:&*!:10.1022011ZB00872
He$h*%>Ve'%+"$ > P*%&($ De"%)he Ge*F*+)h"'3Ve'%+"$4GFV5, 2011. GEOFON P+*3+($ GFV P*%&($ :: 32011(&p<<< D*)"$e'%q. URL h%%:3e**'.3>*%&($.&ee-!'*e/e'%.h\!&32011(& 4())ee&7.2.175.
He'%*)6, T.Z., M)Ne!, L.C., T(!', D.R., 200. Se(@**+$*+h**3 * %he S"$(%+(' "#&")%!*' *'e: S"+()e +"%"+e&"+!'3 $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e\ Ge**3 =, 8788.&*!:10.11=0222.1
He++$('', R.B., Be', H.M., A$$*', C.Z., 2011. M*'!%*+!'3 %heE(+%h-"(6e S*"+)e P+*)e !' N*+%h A$e+!)(. B. Se!$*. S*).A$. 101, 20227. &*!:10.187012011007
He"+e%, A., C*'+(&, C.P., F"'!)!e*, F., L(e$('&, S., S('&+!, L.,2012. Re(%!*' #e%ee' "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"% e(+%h-"(6e,%+e')h e&!$e'% %h!)6'e ('& "e+ (%e %+(!'. Ge*h. Re.Le%%. =, L07=0.
He"+e%, A., L(e$('&, S., F"'!)!e*, F., P!+*$(*, C., F())e''(, C.,2011. Ph!)( )h(+()%e+!%!) * "#&")%!*' !'%e+()e %ee!$*3e'!) *'e +e/!!%e&. Ge*)he$., Ge*h., Ge*%. 12,
202
![Page 204: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/204.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 204/228
Q0100. &*!:10.1022010GC00=2=0
H!)6, S.P., N!+e, S.E.Z., 2012. S"#>(# $('%e ('!*%+*#e'e(%h *"%h>)e'%+( Ch!e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. =7, 20=21=. &*!:10.101.e.2012.0.01
H", Y.>Z., S!$*', M., A/*"(), Z.>P., G(e%6(, Z., S!eh, K., Ch!eh, M.,N(%(!&((, D.H., P+(!+*&!+&*, L., B*)6, Y., 200. F+!)%!*'((%e+! **!'3 %he 2007 N!(>S!$e""e e(+%h-"(6e, S"$(%+(.S)!e')e =12, 12112.
H"e'e, *', R., K(e)he', D., C+*, B., M!e+, Z., 1. Te)%*'!)%+")%"+e ()+* %he ())+e%!*'(+ ('& e+*!*'( (+% * %he
Z((' T+e')h $(+3!'. Z. Ge*h. Re. , 22=22=1.&*!:10.102ZB0118
H"e'e, *', R., R('e+*, C.R., 200=. S"#&")%!*' e+*!*' ('& #((+!)%!*' (*'3 %he e&!$e'%>%(+/e& )*'/e+3e'% $(+3!' *JA'%*(3(%(, Ch!e. Z. Ge*h. Re. 108, 20.&*!:10.1022001ZB0017
H"e'e, *', R., R('e+*, C.R., S)h*, D.<., 200. C*'/e+3e'% M(+3!'S%+")%"+e !' H!3h>Q"(!% Ge*h!)( I$(3e ('& C"++e'%K!'e$(%!) ('& D'($!) M*&e, !': L(e$('&, S., F"'!)!e*, F.4E&.5, S"#&")%!*' V*'e Ge*&'($!), F+*'%!e+ !' E(+%hS)!e')e. S+!'3e+ Be+!' He!&e#e+3, Be+!', . 1=17.
&*!:10.1008>=>70>8>o8H"e'e, *', R., R('e+*, C.R., (''"))h!, P., 200. Ge'e+!) $*&e *
"#&")%!*' e+*!*'. Ge**3 =2, 1=1.&*!:10.11=0G207=.1
H"e'e, *', R., S)h*, D.<., 11. O#e+/(%!*' (% )*'/e+3e'%$(+3!' )*')e+'!'3 e&!$e'% "#&")%!*', "#&")%!*' e+*!*',('& %he 3+*%h * )*'%!'e'%( )+"%. Re/. Ge*h. 2, 2.&*!:10.1021RG00
H"e', S., K!!'3, E., 2001. P*%e!$!) @"!& @* (%e+ %he (+3e"#&")%!*' e(+%h-"(6e * A'%*(3(%(, Ch!e. Ge**3 2, 8870. &*!:10.11=0001>1=42001502^08:PFFATL2.0.CO2
H"e', S., K!!'3, E., F"eh, E., A)h, G., 1. A))"+(%eh*)e'%+e &e%e+$!'(%!*' !' %he e!$*3e'!) *'e * %he"#&")%!'3 N()( P(%e !' '*+%he+' Ch!e "!'3 ( )*$#!'e&*'>*Jh*+e 'e%*+6. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 1=8, 801.&*!:10.10.1=7>2;.1.008=.;
H"e', S., K!!'3, E., F"eh, E.R., 2000. L*)( e(+%h-"(6e%*$*3+(h * h(* "#&")%!*' !' '*+%h Ch!e: A )*$#!'e&*'h*+e ('& *Jh*+e %"&. Z. Ge*h. Re. 107, 2818=2818.
20=
![Page 205: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/205.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 205/228
&*!:10.1022000ZB0022
H"e', S., K!!'3, E., Q"!'%e+*, R., 2002. T*$*3+(h!) e/!&e')e *+( "#&")%e& e($*"'% #e'e(%h %he G" * N!)*(, C*%( R!)(:
The )("e * %he 10 M .0 G" * N!)*( e(+%h-"(6e.
Ge*h. Re. Le%%. 2, 1 .
H"e', S., Q"!'%e+*, R., K!!'3, E., H()6e+, B., 200=. S"#&")%!*'>*'e %+")%"+e ('& $(3$(%!) +*)ee #e'e(%h C*%( R!)()*'%+(!'e& # *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h ('& e%+**3!)($*&e!'3. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 177, 11=2. &*!:10.10.1=7>2[.200=.018.;
H'&$(', R.D., Pe()*)6, S.M., 200=. Se+e'%!'!(%!*' * %he *+e(+)$('%e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. 212, 1=2.&*!:10.101S0012>821[40=5002=>2
H'&$(', R.D., <('3, K., Y($('*, M., 17. The+$( )*'%+(!'%*' %he e!$*3e'!) *+%!*' * %he *"%he%e+' Z(('"#&")%!*' %h+"%. Z. Ge*h. Re. 100, 17==17=2.&*!:10.1027ZB0017=
H'&$(', R.D., Y($('*, M., Oe6e/!)h, D.A., 1. Thee!$*3e'!) *'e * "#&")%!*' %h+"% ("%. I('& A+) , 220. &*!:10.1111.10>1=8.1.%#0017.;
Ih!!, M., She(+e+, P.M., H*"%*', H., !&(e, Z.E., 2007. E;%e'%,&"+(%!*' ('& ee& * %he 200 S"$(%+(A'&($(' e(+%h-"(6e!$(3e& # %he H!>Ne% (++(. N(%"+e. &*!:10.10=8'(%"+e0=7
I%*, A., F"!e, G., M!"+(, S., K*&(!+(, S., K('e&(, Y., H!'*, R., 2007.Be'&!'3 * %he "#&")%!'3 *)e('!) (%e ('& !% !$!)(%!*' *++"%"+e +*(3(%!*' * (+3e !'%e+(%e e(+%h-"(6e *J M!(3!,
Z((', !' %he Z((' T+e')h "#&")%!*' *'e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%.=2, L07=10. &*!:10.102200GL022=0
Z(+(>M"k*, Z., Me'!)6, D., B+!, D., S%+e)6e+, M.R., 2017.
Se3$e'%(%!*' * %he 2010 M("e Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e +*$( *!'% ('(! * "!%e& $(+!'e %e++()e ('& e!$!)>))e&e*+$(%!*' (%%e+'. Q"(%. S)!. Re/. 11=, 1112.&*!:10.101.-"()!+e/.2017.01.007
Ze)h"$%*/, V., B"('%, P., 201. EJe)% * 1>D /e+" =>D /e*)!%$*&e *' $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*' !' %he D*#+ *&( (+e( !'%he L!%%e C(+(%h!(' +e3!*', S*/(6!(. Z. Se!$*. 18, 7117=1.&*!:10.1001070>01>2=>
Ze)h"$%*/, V., fe'i, Z., 2007. A$!%"&e +(%!* *+ )*$e%e$*$e'% %e'*+ +e%+!e/(. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =2, L22=0=.&*!:10.1022007GL02=
20
![Page 206: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/206.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 206/228
Z*%, M.L., He++$('', R.B., 18. A S%"&e'%9 G"!&e %* ('& Re/!e* M*$e'% Te'*+. Se!$*. Re. Le%%. 0, =7.&*!:10.1873+.0.2.=
Z"!(', B.R., G"##!', D., 1. Th+ee>&!$e'!*'( e!$!) +(
%+()!'3. Z. Ge*h =, 711.
Z"!(', B.R., M!e+, A.D., F*"3e+, G.R., 18. N*'m&*"#em)*"ee(+%h-"(6e 1. The*+. Re/. Ge*h. =, 7277.&*!:10.1028RG001
K(3(', Y.Y., 11. =>D +*%(%!*' * &*"#e>)*"e e(+%h-"(6e *"+)e.Ge*h. Z. I'%. 10, 01. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.11.%#0==.;
K(3(', Y.Y., Z()6*', D.D., 17. Ne e!$!) 3( h*%he!: F!/ee(+ (%e+. Z. Ge*h. Re. 100, ===7.&*!:10.102ZB0=01
K(3(', Y.Y., Z()6*', D.D., Gee+, R.Z., 2012. Ch(+()%e+!%!)E(+%h-"(6e M*&e, 1882011, R.I.P. Se!$*. Re. Le%%. 8=, 717=. &*!:10.187022012010
K('($*+!, H., 12. Me)h('!$ * %"'($! e(+%h-"(6e. Ph.E(+%h. P('e%. I'%e+. , ==7. &*!:10.10100=1>2014250078>1
K('($*+!, H., B+*&6, E.E., 200. The h!) * e(+%h-"(6e. Re.P+*3. Ph. , 121. &*!:10.108800=>8878R0=
K('($*+!, H., Th!*, H.>K., D+e3e+, D., H("6*', E., He(%*', T.,12. I'!%!( !'/e%!3(%!*' * %he L('&e+, C(!*+'!(, E(+%h-"(6e* 28 Z"'e 12 "!'3 TERRA)*e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. 1,22220. &*!:10.1022GL02=20
K(%*, A., I3(+(h!, T., O#(+(, K., S(6(!, S., T(6e&(, T., S(!3(, A.,I!&(6(, T., I((6!, T., H!+(%(, N., G*%*, K., M!($()h!, H.,
M(%"h!$(, T., K"#*, A., K(%(*, H., Y($('(6(, Y., Te+(6((, T.,N(6($!)h!, H., O6"&(, T., H*+!6((, S., T"$"+(, N., U$!'*, N.,O6(&(, T., K*"3(, M., T(6(h(h!, H., Y($(&(, T., 201=. I$(3!'3%he *"+)e +e3!*' * '*+$( ("%!'3 e-"e')e !'&")e& # %he2011
M.0 T*h*6"mO6! e(+%h-"(6e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. 0, 2=28. &*!:10.10023+.7010
K(%*, A., I!&(6(, T., I6"%(, R., Y*h!&(, Y., K(%"$(%(, K., I((6!, T.,S(6(!, S., Th"+#e+, C.H., T"$"+(, N., Y($(*6(, K., <(%('(#e, T.,K"'!%*$*, T., Y($((6!, F., O6"#*, M., S""6!, S., H!+(%(, N.,
2010(. (+!(%!*' * @"!& +e"+e !%h!' %he "#&")%!'3 *)e('!))+"% ('& * e(+%h-"(6e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =, L1=10.&*!:10.1022010GL0=2=
207
![Page 207: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/207.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 207/228
K(%*, A., M!(%(6e, T., H!+(%(, N., 2010#. Ae+!% ('& B(++!e+ * %he200 M!&>N!!3(%( P+ee)%"+e E(+%h-"(6e Re/e(e& # H!3hDe'e Se!$!) O#e+/(%!*'. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 100, 28=0. &*!:10.187012000218
K(%*, A., S(6(!, S., O#(+(, K., 2011. A '*+$(>("%!'3 e!$!)e-"e')e %+!33e+e& # %he 2011 *J %he P()!?) )*(% * T*h*6"E(+%h-"(6e: <h*e(e %+e +e3!$e )h('3e !' %he "e+(%e. E(+%h P('e% S()e.
Keehe+, Z., M)C('', <., 1. B"*('% *'e, 3+e(% e(+%h-"(6e,('& "'%(#e #*"'&(+!e * "#&")%!*'. Z. Ge*h. Re. 81,8878. &*!:10.102ZB081!020887
Keehe+, Z.A., 12. R"%"+e *'e * (+3e S*"%h A$e+!)('e(+%h-"(6e ('& *$e +e&!)%!*'. Z. Ge*h. Re. , 208210=. &*!:10.102ZB0!0110208
K!6")h!, M., K('($*+!, H., 11. I'/e+!*' * )*$e; #*& (/erIII. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 81, 2==72=70.
K!$"+(, G., K!%($"+(, Y., H(h!$*%*, Y., Y($(3")h!, A., Sh!#(%(, T.,U!!e, K., O6($*%*, S., 200. T+('!%!*' * ())+e%!*'(+ e&3e%+")%"+e (+*"'& %he ">&! !$!% * %he e!$*3e'!) "#&")%!*'*'e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. 277, 18.&*!:10.101.e.200.01.007
K!e+, E., Ih!!, M., 201=. The 2010 M("e, Ch!e, C*e!$!) G( ('&I% Re(%!*'h! %* %he 27 M(+)h 2012 M .1 E(+%h-"(6e. B.Se!$*. S*). A$. 10=, 118117=. &*!:10.187012012020
K!e+, E., Ih!!, M., 2011. The 2010 M 8.8 Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e: T+!33e+!'3 *' $"%!e e3$e'% ('& +e-"e')>&ee'&e'%+"%"+e #eh(/!*+. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =8, L0=01.&*!:10.1022011GL010
K!!'3, E., 188. Ge*%*$*3+(h !%h *)( e(+%h-"(6e &(%(. Re/.
Ge*h. 2, 7. &*!:10.102RG02!00007
K!!'3, E., E*+%h, <.L., E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., K+(&*e+, U.,1. I'!%!( +ee+e')e $*&e !' *)( e(+%h-"(6e %*$*3+(h. Z.Ge*h. Re. , 1=71. &*!:10.102=ZB0=1=8
K!!'3, E., K+(&*e+, U., M("+e+, H., 17. P+*3+($ ELEST USERSGUIDE > Sh*+% I'%+*&")%!*'.
K!!'3e+, C., 180. E/("(%!*' * S %* P ($!%"&e +(%!*' *+
&e%e+$!'!'3 *)( $e)h('!$ +*$ +e3!*'( 'e%*+6*#e+/(%!*'. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 0, 101.
20
![Page 208: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/208.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 208/228
![Page 209: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/209.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 209/228
![Page 210: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/210.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 210/228
![Page 211: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/211.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 211/228
![Page 212: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/212.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 212/228
![Page 213: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/213.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 213/228
![Page 214: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/214.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 214/228
M**+e, Z.C., S(Je+, D.M., 2001. U&! !$!% * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e#e'e(%h %he ())+e%!*'(+ +!$ * *"%he% Z((': A' eJe)% *&!(3e'e%!) %* *>3+(&e $e%($*+h!) +*)ee ('& !')+e(!'3eJe)%!/e %+e. Ge**3 2, 18=18. &*!:10.11=0001>1=42001502^018=:ULOTSV2.0.CO2
M*+e'*, M., B*%e, Z., K*%, Z., Me'!)6, D., 200. I$()% *$e3(%h+"% 3e*$e%+ *' !'/e+!*' * )*e!$!) ! +*$3e*&e%!) &(%(: A!)(%!*' %* %he 10 Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e.Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =, L1=10. &*!:10.102200GL0=2
M*+e'*, M., H(#e+('&, C., Oe'he!$e+, D.H., R!e%#+*)6, A.,A'3!#*"%, S., He!&#()h, O., 201. L*)6!'3 * %he Ch!e"#&")%!*' *'e )*'%+*e& # @"!& +e"+e #e*+e %he 2010e(+%h-"(6e. N(%"+e Ge*)!. , 222. &*!:10.10=8'3e*2102
M*+e'*, M., Me'!)6, D., R*e'(", M., B(e, Z.C., K*%, Z.,Oe'he!$e+, D.H., T((+(, A., Che', Z., B(%(!e, K., Be/!, M.,S*)-"e%, A., B*%e, Z., !3', C., B+**6, B., R&e+, I.M.A., G+"'&,., S$(e, R., C(++!*, D., B(+%)h, M., H(e, H., 2012. T*(+&"'&e+%('&!'3 %e)%*'!) )*'%+* *' %he M 8.8 2010 M("e Ch!ee(+%h-"(6e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. =21=22, 17217.&*!:10.101.e.2012.01.00
M*+e'*, M., Me'!)6, D., R*e'(", M., B*%e, Z., K*%, Z., E)h%e+, H.,B(e, Z.C., B(%(!e, K., Che', Z., Be/!, M., H(e, H.,
Oe'he!$e+, D.H., 2011. He%e+*3e'e*" (%e *)6!'3 !' %heS*"%hCe'%+( Ch!e "#&")%!*' *'e: B"!&!'3 " %he 'e;% 3+e(%e(+%h-"(6e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. =07, 1=2.&*!:10.101.e.2011.0=.027
M*+e'*, M., R*e'(", M., 2010. 2010 M("e e(+%h-"(6e !)*++e(%e !%h +e>e!$!) *)6!'3 * A'&e(' "#&")%!*' *'e.N(%"+e , 18202. &*!:&*!:10.10=8'(%"+e0=
M*++*, C.A., Sh!, L.Q., Be+ee, Z.D., 182. S%+(!' h(+&e'!'3 ('&%+e'3%h * )(>+!)h ("% 3*"3e. Z. Ge*h. Re. 8, 1.
&*!:10.102ZB08!B0801
M*)**, E., G+e/e$ee+, I., C*'%+e+(>Ree, E., F"eh, E.R.,D!e+$(, Y., R(##e, <., Th*+(+%, M., 2011. Re/e(!'3 %he &ee%+")%"+e ('& +"%"+e ('e * %he 2010 M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e4M 8.85 "!'3 !&e ('3e e!$!) &(%(. E(+%h P('e%. S)!.Le%%. =0, 1177. &*!:10.101.e.2011.0.027
M`e+, R.D., L('&3+e#e, T.C.<., 2012. The !'6 #e%ee' 3+e(%e(+%h-"(6e ('& %he "#&")%!*' * *)e('!) +()%"+e *'e. S*!&
E(+%h =, 7. &*!:10.71e>=>>2012M`e+, R.D., S&+*!(, M., G(!'(, C., R*e%, <.R., 2008. A3e,
21=
![Page 215: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/215.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 215/228
![Page 216: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/216.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 216/228
&*!:10.10=8'(%"+e1022
P()he)*, Z.F., S6e, L.R., 12. Se!$!) $*$e'% )(%(*3 * (+3eh(* e(+%h-"(6e, 100 %* 18. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 82,1=01=.
P(*, M., T!$('', F., K+`3e+, F., Ehe+%, L., L('3e, D., 201. H!3h>+e-"e') e!$!) +(&!(%!*' +*$ M("e e(+%h-"(6e 4M 8.8,2010 Fe#+"(+ 25 !'e++e& +*$ h!3h>+e*"%!*' #()6+*e)%!*'('(!. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 1, 107810.&*!:10.10=3!33"=11
P(+(&(, M.A., N%+$, Z.O., Le/!, B., 1. M"%!e *"+)e *+ %heC*(%( B(%h*!%h * )e'%+( Ch!e 4=1=S5: 3e*)he$!)( ('&S+N& !*%*!) e/!&e')e ('& %e)%*'!) !$!)(%!*'. L!%h* ,707721. &*!:10.101S002>=48500080>2
P(+6, Z.>O., F"!e, G., <!e+(%h'e, L., H*+!, T., K*&(!+(, S., F"6(*, Y.,M**+e, G.F., B('3, N.L.B., K"+($*%*, S., T(!+(, A., 2010. A *>/e*)!% *'e !%h e(6 +e@e)%!/!% (*'3 %he N('6(! "#&")%!*'*'e. Ge**3 =8, 28=28. &*!:10.11=0G=0207.1
P(+6, Z.>O., M**+e, G.F., T"+", T., K*&(!+(, S., K('e&(, Y., 200. A"#&")%e& *)e('!) +!&3e !'@"e')!'3 %he N('6(! $e3(%h+"%e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. 21, 8.&*!:10.101S0012>821[40=50077=>=
P(+6, Z.>O., T"+", T., K*&(!+(, S., C"$$!', P.R., K('e&(, Y., 2002.S( F("% B+(')h!'3 A*'3 %he N('6(! S"#&")%!*' V*'e.S)!e')e 2, 117110. &*!:10.112)!e')e.10111
P(/!, G.L., B**6e+, Z.R., 180. The $!;e& &!)+e%em)*'%!'"*"!'/e+e +*#e$: A!)(%!*' %* %he !$"%('e*" &e%e+$!'(%!*'* e(+%h-"(6e h*)e'%e+ ('& /e*)!% %+")%"+e. Z. Ge*h.Re. 87, 801810. &*!:10.102ZB087!B00801
P(/!, N.K., H*$e, S.A., Ke'*', S.C., F()%*+, Z.K., 2008. A' e(+%h
3+(/!%(%!*'( $*&e %* &e3+ee 210: EGM2008. Ge*h. Re.A#%+. 10.
Pe()*)6, S.M., 2001. A+e %he *e+ ('e * &*"#e e!$!) *'e)("e& # e+e'%!'e &eh&+(%!*' !' "#&")%!'3 *)e('!)$('%e\ Ge**3 2, 2=02. &*!:10.11=0001>1=42001502^02:ATLPOD2.0.CO2
Pe+e+(, ., Lee, <.H.K., Kee+, H.B., 180. S*/!'3 %*>*!'%e!$!)>+( %+()!'3 +*#e$ !' ( he%e+*3e'e*" $e&!"$ P(+% 1.
A 3e'e+( (&(%!/e ?'!%e &!Je+e')e $e%h*&. B. Se!$*. S*).A$. 0, .
217
![Page 217: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/217.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 217/228
![Page 218: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/218.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 218/228
![Page 219: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/219.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 219/228
R"J, L.Z., K('($*+!, H., 180. Se!$!)!% ('& %he "#&")%!*'+*)e. Ph. E(+%h. P('e%. I'%e+. 2=, 20272.&*!:10.10100=1>2014805011>[
R"J, L.Z., T!)he((+, B.<., 1. <h(% C*'%+* %he Se!$*3e'!)
P(%e I'%e+()e !' S"#&")%!*' V*'e\, S"#&")%!*' T* %* B*%%*$,Ge*h!)( M*'*3+(h Se+!e. A$e+!)(' Ge*h!)( U'!*',<(h!'3%*', D. C. &*!:10.102GM00107
R"!, S., G+('&!', R., D!*'!)!*, ., S(%+!('*, C., F"e'(!&(, A., !3',C., K!+(, E., Mee+, C., B(e, Z.C., R!-"e$e, S., M(&(+!(3(, R.,C($*, Z., 201=. The C*'%!%")!X' e(+%h-"(6e * 27 M(+)h2012: A (+3e (%e+h*)6 * %he M("e e(+%h-"(6e 'e(+ %he#*%%*$ * %he e!$*3e'!) *'e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%.&*!:10.101.e.201=.0.01
R&e+, I.M.A., Ke*', K., B`+3$('', R., F*&, M., S*)-"e%, A.,!3', C., C(++!*, D., 2012. L(+3e e;%e'!*'( (%e+h*)6 !' %he)*'%!'e'%( *+e(+) %+!33e+e& # %he 2010 M("e e(+%h-"(6e,Ch!e. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 188, 880. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.2011.07=21.;
S(Je+, D.M., M(+*'e, C., 200=. C*$(+!*' * $e)%!%e> ('& !!%e>+!)h 3*"3e +!)%!*'( +*e+%!e: (!)(%!*' %* %he "&! !$!% *%he e!$*3e'!) *'e (*'3 "#&")%!*' $e3(%h+"%. E(+%hP('e%. S)!. Le%%. 217, 212=7. &*!:10.101S0012>
821[40=5002>2S(Je+, D.M., T*#!', H.Z., 2011. H&+*3e**3 ('& Me)h('!) *
S"#&")%!*' V*'e F*+e(+): F"!& F* ('& P*+e P+e"+e. A''".Re/. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. =, 1718. &*!:10.11(''"+e/>e(+%h>0010>1==08
S(3e, F., C**%, Z.Y., R('e+*, C.R., 200. I'%e+(%e (%)h!'e ('&"#&")%!*'>e+*!*' $e)h('!$: E/!&e')e +*$ &e%h>$!3+(%e&e!$!) !$(3e (% %he )e'%+( E)"(&*+ )*'/e+3e'% $(+3!'.Ge**3 =, . &*!:10.11=0G220A.1
S((+], ., 2007. S%+")%"+e ('& %e)%*'!) * %he e+*!*'()*'/e+3e'% $(+3!' *J A'%*(3(%(, '*+%h Ch!e 42==0′S5. Z.Ge*h. Re. 110, B0101. &*!:10.102200ZB00=18
S(%(6e, K., 187. EJe)% * %(%!*' )*/e+(3e *' $*$e'% %e'*+!'/e+!*'. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 7, 171.
S(/(3e, Z.C., 17. I'%e+e!$!) "!% (% %he N('6(! "#&")%!*'*'e, *"%he% Z((', 17110. Z. Ge*h. Re. 100, ==
=70. &*!:10.1027ZB0022S)h*, D.<., H"e'e, *', R., (!e+, T.L., H*e, D.G., 180.
218
![Page 220: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/220.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 220/228
Se&!$e'%(+ $(e ('& )*')e% (#*"% %e)%*'!) +*)ee (%"'&e+%h+"% *)e(' $(+3!'. Ge**3 8, 778.&*!:10.11=0001>1=418058^7:SMACAT2.0.CO2
S)h*, C.H., 18. E(+%h-"(6e ('& +!)%!*' (. N(%"+e =1, =
2. &*!:10.10=8=0
S)h*, C.H., S$(, C., 1. The eJe)% * e($*"'% "#&")%!*' *'e!$!) )*"!'3. Ge**3 27, 80. &*!:10.11=0001>1=415027^08:TEOSSO2.=.CO2
S)h(+%, S.Y., R*6*6, Z.M., 200. S* ! e/e'% ('& e!$!)%+e$*+ (% )!+)"$mP()!?) "#&")%!*' *'e. Re/. Ge*h. 7,RG=00. &*!:10.102200RG000208
Se+!('!, G., C(+)!*'e, Z.M., P+!**, E., 12. N"$e+!)( !$"(%!*' *!'%e+()e (/e # h!3h>*+&e+ e)%+( $*&e!'3 %e)h'!-"e. Z.A)*"%. S*). A$. 2, 27. &*!:10.11211.0728
Se+'(3e*$!', 200=. M(( Ge*X3!)* &e Ch!e: /e+!X' &!3!%(.Se+/!)!* N()!*'( &e Ge**3f( M!'e+f(, S('%!(3*, Ch!e.
S!eh, K., N(%(!&((, D.H., 2000. Ne*%e)%*'!) * %he S"$(%+('("%, I'&*'e!(. Z. Ge*h. Re. 107, 282728=2.&*!:10.1022000ZB00120
S!eh, K., N(%(!&((, D.H., Me%'e+, A.Z., She', C.C., Che'3, H., L!,K.S., S"(+3(&!, B.<., G(e%6(, Z., Ph!!#*!(', B., E&(+&, R.L.,2008. E(+%h-"(6e S"e+))e I'e++e& +*$ Se(>Le/e Ch('3eRe)*+&e& !' %he C*+( * <e% S"$(%+(. S)!e')e =22, 118. &*!:10.112)!e')e.11=78
S!$*e, M., A/*"(), Z.>P., C(%%!', R., He'+, P., 200. The S"$(%+("#&")%!*' *'e: A )(e *+ ( *)6e& ("% *'e e;%e'&!'3 !'%*%he $('%e. Z. Ge*h. Re. 10, B1002.&*!:10.102200=ZB00278
S!$*', M., M!'*', S.E., S(&e', A., O+%e3(>C"()!(%!, F., Z!('3, Z.,Oe', S.E., Me'3, L., A$"e+*, Z.>P., <e!, S., Ch", R.,He$#e+3e+, D.., K('($*+!, H., He%('&, E., M**+e, A.<., <e##,F.H., 2011. The 2011 $(3'!%"&e .0 T*h*6">O6! e(+%h-"(6e:$*(!)6!'3 %he $e3(%h+"% +*$ e)*'& %* )e'%"+!e. S)!e')e==2, 121127. &*!:10.112)!e')e.120=1
S!'3h, S.C., H('('%*, N., M"6%!, M., R*#!'*', D.P., D(, S.,Ch("h(', A., C(+%*', H., G+(%()*, B., M!&'e%, S., D((&!h(+&(,
Y., H(+*'*, H., 2011(. Ae!$!) *'e ('& e(+%h-"(6e
e3$e'%(%!*' (*)!(%e& !%h ( &ee "#&")%e& e($*"'% !'S"$(%+(. N(%"+e Ge*)!. , =08=11. &*!:10.10=8'3e*111
21
![Page 221: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/221.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 221/228
S!'3h, S.C., H('('%*, N.D., Ch("h(', A.P.S., 2011#. E'h(')e&+e@e)%!/!% * #()6%h+"% !' %he +e)e'% 3+e(% S"$(%+('e(+%h-"(6e +"%"+e *'e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =8, L0=02.&*!:10.1022010GL022
S!'3h, S.C., H('('%*, N.D., Ch("h(', A.P.S., Pe+$('(, H., De'*e,M., He'&+!('(, A., N(%(!&((, D.H., 2010. E/!&e')e * ()%!/e#()6%h+"%!'3 (% %he NE M(+3!' * Me'%((! I('&, S<S"$(%+(. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 180, 0=1. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.200.078.;
S!6!', S.A., 18. I'%e++e%(%!*' * '*'m&*"#em)*"e e(+%h-"(6e$e)h('!$ &e+!/e& +*$ $*$e'% %e'*+ !'/e+!*'. Z. Ge*h.Re. 1, 7=17. &*!:10.102ZB01!B01007=1
S$!%h, G. L., M)Ne!, L. C., <('3, K., He, Z., He'%*)6, T.Z., 201=. The+$( %+")%"+e ('& $e3(%h+"% e!$*3e'!) *%e'%!( * %heM(6+(' "#&")%!*' *'e, Ge*h. Re. Le%%., 0, 172817==.&*!:10.10023+.70=
S'*6e, Z.A., 200=. FOCMEC: *)( $e)h('!$ &e%e+$!'(%!*', !':Lee, <.H.K., K('($*+!, H., Ze''!'3, P., K!!'3e+, C. 4E&.5,I'%e+'(%!*'( H('&#**6 * E(+%h-"(6e E'3!'ee+!'3 Se!$**3,P(+% B. A)(&e$!) P+e, S(' D!e3*, S(' D!e3*, . 121=0.
S*#!e!(6, M., Mee+, U., S)h$!&%, S., G%e, H.Z., K+()6, C.M.,
200. Ae+!% 3e'e+(%!'3 "e+ )+"%( *"+)e +e/e(e& # #/("e ('& !*%(%!) +e!&"( ('*$( 3+!& !' %he (+e( *A'%*(3(%(, Ch!e. Z. Ge*h. Re. 112, B12=08.&*!:10.102200ZB00
S*6*, E.N., V(h+(&'!6, Z., 201=. E/("(%!'3 Ce'%+*!&mM*$e'%m Te'*+ U')e+%(!'% !' %he Ne e+!*' * ISOLA S*%(+e.Se!$*. Re. Le%%. 8, 77. &*!:10.18702201=0002
S*6*, E.N., V(h+(&'!6, Z., 200. ISOLA ( F*+%+(' )*&e ('& ( M(%(#GUI %* e+*+$ $"%!e>*!'% *"+)e !'/e+!*' * e!$!) &(%(.
C*$"%. Ge*)!. =, .
S*6*, E.N., V(h+(&'!6, Z., 200. A M(%(# GUI *+ "e !%h ISOLAF*+%+(' )*&e. Ue+n 3"!&e.
S*6*, E.N., V(h+(&'!6, Z., K!+(%!, A., Z('6i, Z., G(*/!), F., N*/*%',O., K*%ee)6i, Z., Se+e%!&(6!, A., Tee'%!, G.>A., 2012. The
Z('"(+ 2010 E(!* e(+%h-"(6e e-"e')e !' %he e%e+'C*+!'%h G" 4G+ee)e5. Te)%*'*h!) 7=0>7=1, 2=0.&*!:10.101.%e)%*.2012.01.007
S*'3, T.>R.A., S!$*', M., 200=. L(+3e %+e')h>(+(e 3+(/!%/(+!(%!*' +e&!)% e!$*3e'!) #eh(/!*+ !' "#&")%!*' *'e.
220
![Page 222: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/222.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 222/228
S)!e')e =01, =0. &*!:10.112)!e')e.108777
S(+6e, R., T!$('', F., H*/!", N., H!!e+, Z., 2010. S"#&")%e&e(@**+ +e!e %* +"%"+e !' S*"%h A$e+!)(' 3+e(%e(+%h-"(6e: I$!)(%!*' *+ +"%"+e #eh(/!*"+ !' %he 2010
M("e, Ch!e e(+%h-"(6e. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. 28, 8.&*!:10.101.e.2010.0.02
Se')e+, C., G"##!', D., 180. T+(/e>%!$e !'/e+!*' *+!$"%('e*" e(+%h-"(6e *)(%!*' ('& /e*)!% %+")%"+e&e%e+$!'(%!*' !' (%e+( /(+!'3 $e&!(. Ge*h. Z. I'%. =, 711. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.180.%#0212.;
S!'e!, G.A., S(Je+, D.M., U'&e+**&, M.B., 200. H&+*3e**3!)+e*'e %* %h+eem&!$e'!*'( %e$e+(%"+e /(+!(#!!%, C*%(R!)( "#&")%!*' $(+3!'. Z. Ge*h. Re. 111, B00=.&*!:10.102200ZB00==
S"&!)h, P., O+)"%%, Z., 180. Pe%+**3 ('& *+*!% * (' *)e('!))+"%( !%e: Re"% +*$ (/e *+$ $*&e!'3 * e!$!)+e+()%!*' &(%(. Z. Ge*h. Re. 87, 101==.&*!:10.102ZB087!B0=010
S%e+', T.A., D(/e, F.Z., 10. Dee e!$!) e;+e!*' * ( *+e('&#(!': T(+('(6! #(!', Ne Ve(('&. Ge**3 18, 82.&*!:10.11=0001>1=4105018^0:DSEOAF2.=.CO2
S%+(e+, M., M**+e, G.F., K!$"+(, G., K!%($"+(, Y., K*, A.Z.,L(e$('%, S., P(+6, Z.>O., S)+e(%*', E.Z., S", [., U'&e+**&, M.B.,Vh(*, [., 200. O+!3!' ('& e/*"%!*' * ( ( ("% !' %heN('6(! ())+e%!*'(+ e&3e. N(%"+e Ge*)!. 2, 872.&*!:10.10=8'3e*0
S6e, L.R., 11. A%e+h*)6 *'e * 3+e(% e(+%h-"(6e, e!$!)!%3(, ('& e(+%h-"(6e +e&!)%!*' *+ A(6( ('& %he Ae"%!('. Z.Ge*h. Re. , 8021801. &*!:10.102ZB0!0=208021
fe'i, Z., M!e/, A., 2008. S*"+)e $e)h('!$ * $!'!'3 !'&")e&e!$!) e/e'% r Re*"%!*' * &*"#e )*"e ('& '*' &*"#e)*"e $*&e. Te)%*'*h!) 7, =17.&*!:10.101.%e)%*.200.0.021
T(e, C., L!", Q., M(33!, A., T+*$, Z., 2010. Se!$!) %*$*3+(h *%he *"%he+' C(!*+'!( )+"% #(e& *' e)%+(>ee$e'% ('&(&*!'% $e%h*&. Ge*h. Z. I'%. 180, ==2.
T(e, C., L!", Q., M(33!, A., T+*$, Z., 200. A&*!'% %*$*3+(h *
%he *"%he+' C(!*+'!( )+"%. S)!e')e =27, 882.&*!:10.112)!e')e.11728
221
![Page 223: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/223.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 223/228
![Page 224: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/224.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 224/228
&*!:10.102ZB0!B121
T+eh", A.M., B(6e, R.Z., <!!($, M.C., 2012. S"#&")%e&e($*"'% ('& +e)e'% e(+%h-"(6e #e'e(%h %he )e'%+(C()(&!( *+e(+). Ge**3 0, 10=10. &*!:10.11=0G=20.1
T+*$, Z., T(e, C., L!", Q., 2007. Se!$!) %*$*3+(h, (&*!'%$e%h*&, %!$e +e/e+( ('& #('('(>&*"3h'"% 6e+'e. Ge*h.
Z. I'%. 10, 1721. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.200.027=.;
T(!, .C., Ne%%e, M., E6%+$, G., D!e*'6!, A.M., 2007. M"%!eCMT *"+)e ('(! * %he 200 S"$(%+( e(+%h-"(6e. Ge*h.Re. Le%%. =2, L1=0. &*!:10.1022007GL02=81=
T"!, T., I%*, Y., K!&*, M., O(&(, Y., F"!$*%*, H., Ah!, Z., K!'*h!%(,M., M(%"*6(, T., 2011. P*%e'%!( %"'($!3e'!) ("% * %he 2011*J %he P()!?) )*(% * T*h*6" E(+%h-"(6e. E(+%h P('e% S()e=, 8=18=. &*!:10.70e.2011.07.028
T"!, T., K(($"+(, K., K('($(%", T., K(((, T., F"!6"+(, K., I%*, Y., T"+", T., K!'*h!%(, M., 201=. E;%e'!*' * )*'%!'e'%( )+"%# ('e(%!) &e*+$(%!*' &"+!'3 %he 2011 T*h*6">*6!e(+%h-"(6e: The +*e * e;%e'!*'( ("%!'3 !' %he 3e'e+(%!*' *( 3+e(% %"'($!. E(+%h P('e%. S)!. Le%%. =, 78.&*!:10.101.e.2012.12.0=8
T"!, T., T*6"($(, H., C*%( P!('!, P., M**+e, G.F., 2008. EJe)%!/e%+e ('& *+e +e"+e !' %he N('6(! ())+e%!*'(+ +!$ *J%he M"+*%* Pe'!'"(, *"%he%e+' Z(('. Z. Ge*h. Re. 11=,B1101. &*!:10.102200ZB007002
U&f(, A., M(&(+!(3(, R., B"*+', E., 201. S*"+)e $e)h('!$ *e(+%h-"(6e. C($#+!&3e U'!/e+!% P+e, C($#+!&3e.
Ue'*, T., Sh!#"%('!, T., I%*, K., 2008. C*'?3"+(%!*' * %heC*'%!'e'%( M*h* ('& Ph!!!'e Se( S(# !' S*"%he% Z(('De+!/e& +*$ Re)e!/e+ F"')%!*' A'(!: Re(%!*' %* S"#)+"%(
E(+%h-"(6e. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. 8, 2122.&*!:10.187012008001
U$, Z., Th"+#e+, C.H., 18. A (% (3*+!%h$ *+ %*>*!'% e!$!)+( %+()!'3. B. Se!$*. S*). A$. , 28.
U'!%e& S%(%e Ge**3!)( S"+/e N(%!*'( E(+%h-"(6e I'*+$(%!*'Ce'%e+, 2011. M.2 > A+(")('!(, Ch!e p<<< D*)"$e'%q. URLh%%:e(+%h-"(6e."3.3*/e(+%h-"(6ee/e'%(3e"000h-u)!e'%!?)o%e'*+ 4())ee& 7.2.175.
U'!%e& S%(%e Ge**3!)( S"+/e N(%!*'( E(+%h-"(6e I'*+$(%!*'Ce'%e+, 201. E(+%h-"(6e !%h 1,000 *+ M*+e De(%h 100>
22=
![Page 225: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/225.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 225/228
![Page 226: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/226.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 226/228
<(()e, L.M., Be(/(', Z., 2010. D!/e+e * ! #eh(/!*+ (% %heH!6"+('3! "#&")%!*' $(+3!', Ne Ve(('&. Z. Ge*h. Re.117, B1202. &*!:10.1022010ZB001
<(()e, L.M., Re'e+, M., C*)h+(', U., B(''!%e+, S., B(+'e, P.M.,
Be++$(', K., D*'e, G., E#e+h(+%>Ph!!, D., F(3e+e'3, A.,E!, S., N!)*, A., M)C(J+e, R., Be(/(', R.Z., He'+, S.,S"%he+('&, R., B(+6e+, D.H.N., L!%)h?e&, N., T*'e'&, Z.,R*#!'*', R., Be, R., <!*', K., P*e+, <., 200. Ch(+()%e+!!'3%he e!$*3e'!) *'e * ( $(*+ (%e #*"'&(+ "#&")%!*'%h+"%: H!6"+('3! M(+3!', Ne Ve(('&. Ge*)he$., Ge*h.,Ge*%. 10, Q1000. &*!:10.102200GC00210
<('3, D., M*+!, Z., 2011. F+e-"e')>&ee'&e'% e'e+3 +(&!(%!*' ('&("% )*"!'3 *+ %he 2010 M8. 8 M("e, Ch!e, ('& 2011M.0 T*h*6", Z((', e(+%h-"(6e. Ge*h. Re. Le%%. =8,L22=08. &*!:10.1022011GL072,
<('3, K., 2010. Ge*h!). F!'&!'3 ("% !' ("% *'e. S)!e')e=2, 17217=. &*!:10.112)!e')e.11222=
<('3, K., B!e6, S.L., 201. I'/!%e& +e/!e (e+: F("% )+ee )("e&# "#&")%!*' * +*"3h e(@**+ +e!e. Te)%*'*h!) 10, 12.&*!:10.101.%e)%*.201=.11.02
<('3, K., B!e6, S.L., 2011. D* "#&")%!'3 e($*"'% 3e'e+(%e *+
%* (+3e e(+%h-"(6e\ Ge**3 =, 81822.&*!:10.11=0G=187.1
<('3, K., H", Y., 200. A))+e%!*'(+ +!$ !' "#&")%!*'e(+%h-"(6e ))e: The %he*+ * &'($!) C*"*$# e&3e. Z.Ge*h. Re. 111, B010. &*!:10.1022007ZB000
<(%%, A.B., K*e+, A.A., R*#!'*', D.P., 2010. Se($*"'%"#&")%!*' ('& e(+%h-"(6e.
<e, R.E., B(6e, R.Z., S"3!($(, Y., S)h*, D.<., D!'%e+$(', P.A.,
200=. B(!'m)e'%e+e& (e+!%!e !' 3+e(% "#&")%!*' *'ee(+%h-"(6e: A !'6 #e%ee' !, "#!&e')e, ('& "#&")%!*'e+*!*'\ Z. Ge*h. Re. 108, 270. &*!:10.1022002ZB00202
<h!%e, D.Z., 18. T*>D!$e'!*'( Se!$!) Re+()%!*' T*$*3+(h.Ge*h. Z. I'%. , 22=27. &*!:10.1111.1=7>2[.18.%#008.;
<!33e+, P.Z., S)h$!%, M., A+('e&(, M., A)h, G., B(&"h', S., G!ee,P., He!'*h', <.>D., M(+%f'e, E., R!)(&!, E., Re+, P., 1.
(+!(%!*' !' %he )+"%( %+")%"+e * %he *"%he+' Ce'%+( A'&e&e&")e& +*$ e!$!) +e+()%!*' !'/e%!3(%!*', !': Te)%*'!) *%he S*"%he+' Ce'%+( A'&e. S+!'3e+, . 2=8.
227
![Page 227: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/227.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 227/228
![Page 228: Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062600/56d6beaa1a28ab3016931712/html5/thumbnails/228.jpg)
7/25/2019 Seismic properties and processes along the Subduction Plate Interface: the Februrary 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile E…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/seismic-properties-and-processes-along-the-subduction-plate-interface-the 228/228