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Guide to Products
and Services
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Guide to Products and Services
The Sotware Engineering Institute 1
Strategy 2
Areas o Work 3
Put The SEI to Work For You 4
How to Use This Guide 5
Acquisition 6
Architecture, Product Lines, and Predictable Assembly 10
Process Improvement and Perormance Measurement 18
Security 25
Interoperability, Dependability, and Misson Success 31
Special Programs
Afliate Program 37
SEI Credentials Program 37
SEI Membership Program 37
SEI Ofce in Europe 38
SEI Partner Network 38
Sotware and Systems Process
Improvement Network (SPIN) 38
Index 39
Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms and Index 44
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Since 1984, the Carnegie Mellon SotwareEngineering Institute (SEI) has served thenation as a ederally unded research anddevelopment center. The SEI sta hasadvanced sotware engineering principlesand practices and has served as a national
resource in sotware engineering, computer
security, and process improvement. As parto Carnegie Mellon University, which iswell known or its highly rated programs incomputer science and engineering, the SEIoperates at the leading edge o technicalinnovation.
Today, sotware continues to grow in impor-tance and signicance in nearly all aspectso our society, including deense systems,transportation, nance, medicine, manuac-turing, and entertainment.
Sotware aects us all. More than ever, weneed sotware that is built with quality, isdeveloped on time and within budget, and is
usable, maintainable, and capable o evolv-ing to meet evolving needs.
The Software Engineering Institute
The SEI works with deenseand government organizations, industry,and academia to continually improve oursotware-intensive systems.To accomplish this, the SEI
perorms research to explorepromising solutions to sotwareengineering problems
identies and codies technological andmethodological solutions
tests and renes the solutions throughpilot programs that help industry andgovernment solve their problems
widely disseminates proven solutionsthrough training, licensing, andpublication o best practices
The SEIs core purpose is to help
organizations such as yours to improve theirsotware engineering capabilities and todevelop or acquire the right sotware, deectree, within budget and on time, every time.
The SEIs core purpose is to help organizations such as yours improve theirsotware engineering capabilities and develop or acquire the right sotware,deect ree, within budget and on time, every time.
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Create
The SEI addresses signicant andpervasive problems in sotware engineering
and related disciplines by
motivating and perorming research
developing innovative new technologies
identiying and ostering the
development and improvement o emerg-ing or underused technologies
improving and adapting existing solutions
SEI tools and methods are suitable or allorganizations that commission, build, or usesystems that depend on sotware.
The SEI collaborates with innovators and
researchers to implement these activities.
Apply
Because application and validation arerequired to prove eectiveness, applicabil-
ity, and transition potential, the SEI applies,validates, renes, and extends new andimproved technologies and solutions in real-world government and commercial contexts.Rening and extending technologies andsolutions is an intrinsic part o application.
Government and commercial organizationsdirectly benet rom these engagements.
In addition, the experience that SEI stamembers gain through these engagementshelps to identiy
real-world problems that warrant urtherinvestigation in the Create phase
needed transition artiacts andstrategies or encouraging and supportingadoption in the Ampliy phase
The SEI works with early adopters to applypromising tools and methods.
Strategy
Ampliy
The SEI works through the sotwareengineering community and organizations
that depend on sotware to encourage andsupport the widespread adoption o new andimproved technologies and solutions through
courses
licenses or use and delivery
authorizations and certications
workshops and conerences
leadership in proessional organizations
Web-based communication
books and publications
advocacy
Proessionals throughout the world acceler-ate the adoption and impact o sotwareengineering improvements through direct
interaction with the SEI and with SEIPartnersorganizations and individualslicensed by the SEI to deliver SEI services.
The SEI achieves its goals through technology innovation and transition.The SEI creates usable technologies, applies them to real problems, andamplies their impact by accelerating broad adoption.
Create Apply Ampliy
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Areas of Work
For nearly 25 years, the SEI has servedthe nation as a ederally unded researchand development center. The SEI sta hasadvanced sotware engineering principlesand practices and has served as a nationaland international resource in sotware
engineering, computer security, and process
improvement. As part o the world-renownedCarnegie Mellon Universitya globalresearch university o more than 10,000students and more than 4,000 aculty andstathe SEI and its sta operate at theleading edge o technical innovation.
The SEIs technical ocus areas together withits outreach activities are aimed at meetingthe dened sotware engineering needs othe U.S. Department o Deense. Withinthese areas o work, the SEI collaborates
with deense, government, industry, and aca-demic institutions to continuously improvesotware-intensive systems.
The SEI technical programcreated and carried out by world-recognizedleaders in sotware engineering, security, and process improvementconsistso ve technical ocus areas. The SEI also conducts new research into emerging
topics in sotware and systems engineering.
AcquisitionSupport or the DoD, ederal
agencies, and others in
institutionalizing and continuously
improving their ability to acquire,
deploy, and sustain systems
that meet cost, schedule, andtechnical objectives
Architecture, Product Lines,and Predictable AssemblyPractices and techniques or
predictably and efciently
designing, constructing,
and guiding the evolution osotware-intensive systems with
the qualities needed to meet
business and mission goals
Process Improvement andPerformance MeasurementProcess-management practices
and perormance-improvement
and measurement techniques or
sotware and related disciplinesin support o the management,
development, and acquisition o
sotware and systems
SecurityTechnologies, system-development
practices, and system-management
practices that can signifcantly
improve networked systems
security and survivability; includes
CERT, a center o Internet securityexpertise
Interoperability, Dependability,and Mission SuccessTechnology and practices to
achieve system-o-systems
interoperability and to predict and
improve the perormance anddependability characteristics o
embedded and large systems
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Put the SEI to Work for You
By working with the SEI, you benet rom more than two decades o governmentinvestment and participation rom your peers in advancing the practice o sotwareengineering.
Congress established the SEI becausesotware is vital to the national interest.By working with the SEI, you benet roma government investment o more than$800 million and more than two decades oparticipation rom your peers and competi-
tors in advancing the practice o sotware
engineering.
The SEI creates, tests, renes, and dissemi-nates a broad range o technologies andmanagement techniques. These techniquesenable organizations to improve the resultso sotware projects, the quality and behav-
ior o sotware systems, and the security andsurvivability o networked systems.
As an applied research and developmentcenter, the SEI brings immediate benets to
its research partners and long-term benetsto organizations that depend on sotware.The tools and methods developed by the SEIand its research partners are applied daily in
organizations throughout the world.
How the SEI Works with Government
SEI sta members help the U.S. Departmento Deense (DoD) and other governmentagencies solve sotware engineering andacquisition problems. SEI direct support isunded through task orders or governmentwork. Engagements with the SEI are o
particular benet to government programmanagers, program executive ocers, and
senior acquisition executives, particularlythose with long-range programs that willbenet rom strategic improvements that theSEI osters.
The SEI has a well-established process orcontracting with government agencies andwill work with you to meet your needs. Thisprocess is described in more detail atwww.sei.cmu.edu/collaborating
/contracting.html.
For more inormation, write to the SEI [email protected].
How the SEI Works with Industry
The SEI works with commercial organiza-tions that want to develop a strategic advan-tage by rapidly applying improved sotwareengineering technology. The SEI also workswith organizations that want to combinetheir expertise with the SEIs expertise to
mature new technology or the benet o theentire sotware industry. The SEI also sup-
ports a select group o SEI Partnersorga-nizations and individuals that are trained andlicensed by the SEI to deliver SEI productsand services.
For more inormation, write to the SEI [email protected].
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TOOLS & METHODSwww.sei.cmu.edu/tools-methods
Many SEI solutions to the problems
associated with sotware-intensive systemsare available as tools and methods to help
developers and acquirers improve theirpractices.
CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENTSwww.sei.cmu.edu/services
The SEI accepts a limited number o undedengagements to help organizations apply
best practices.
EDUCATION & TRAININGwww.sei.cmu.edu/products/courses
SEI courses, available rom the SEI and romlicensed SEI Partners, are based on matured,validated, and documented solutions topervasive problems.
CONFERENCESwww.sei.cmu.edu/events
The SEI sponsors or cosponsors many
technical conerences, workshops, anduser-group meetings throughout the year.
PUBLICATIONSwww.sei.cmu.edu/publications
Addison-Wesley has published more than 30books by SEI sta members and others in theSEI Series in Sotware Engineering. SEI stamembers have also written books published
by other publishing companies. In addition,the SEI Web site provides ree downloads oalmost 1,000 SEI research reports.
How to Use This Guide
This Guide to Products and Services is organized by the SEI areas o work. It is intended to helpyou and your organization determine how to put the SEIs resources to work or you.
CREDENTIALSwww.sei.cmu.edu/credentials
Participants are guided through a series oSEI courses that help them to develop exper-tise in specic technical areas. Participantsreceive SEI certications or certicates atercompleting the courses.
RESEARCHwww.sei.cmu.edu/collaborating
By investing in technology developmentwith the SEI, organizations contribute to andrapidly adopt the results o research beorethose results are widely available.
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Acquisition
Acquiring systems that meet cost, schedule, and technical objectives
www.sei.cmu.edu/acquisition
Acquiring systems that deliver mission capa-bilities on their promised date is a nationalimperative. However, acquisition programsrequently have diculty meeting aggressivecost, schedule, and technical objectives.
Acquisition program managers are chal-lenged to grasp practical business concernsand to understand topics as diverse as riskmanagement, use o commercial o-the-shel (COTS) components, use o processesand their application, program management,architecture, survivability, interoperability,source selection, and contract monitoring.The SEI has spent more than two decades
developing solutions in these areas.Unortunately, mastery o this inormationand know-how can be daunting or an acqui-sition program manager.
The SEI works directly with acquisition pro-grams to help them achieve their objectives.Teams o SEI experts work in acquisitioncontexts in the Army, Navy, Air Force, andintelligence agencies, as well as other DoDand civil agencies, applying SEI products and
services.
The SEI vision is to acilitate the rapid orma-tion o agile teams composed o acquirers,developers, and operators using SEI tech-nologies to provide high-quality, cutting-edgecapabilities.
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TOOLS & METHODSSolutions to the problems associated with
sotware-intensive systems that help develop-
ers and acquirers improve their practices
Acquisition Strategy Development ToolThe SEI Acquisition Strategy Development
Tool (ASDT) can be used to prole a pro-
grams sotware-acquisition characteristics,
identiy key strategy drivers, identiy specic
strategic choices, and evaluate how those
choices mitigate the programs sotware
risks. Program management oces can
use this Excel-based workbook to ormulate
acquisition strategies or a new program or
to evaluate the appropriateness o strategies
being executed. In addition, an accompanying
technical report, Techniques or Developing
an Acquisition Strategy by Profling Sotware
Risks, provides ASDT users in-depth back-ground inormation and instructions on how to
use the tool to achieve optimal results.
Capability Maturity Model Integration
(CMMI) Acquisition ModuleOne way to improve acquisition practices is to
ensure that the acquisition processes needed
or a technically sound project are dened,
implemented, measured, and maintained.
The Capability Maturity Model Integration
(CMMI) Acquisition Module is a condensed
orm o the CMMI ramework that denes
eective and ecient acquisition practices,
directed both internally toward the acquisition
project and externally toward project monitor-
ing and control o the selected contractors and
suppliers. These practices provide a basis or
acquisition process discipline while balancing
the need or agility.
The CMMI Acquisition Module (CMMI-AM),
Version 1.1 and related materials are available
on the CMMI-AM Web page at
www.sei.cmu.edu/programs
/acquisition-support/cmmi-am.html.
CMMI or Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ)For organizations that want to apply a com-
prehensive suite o CMMI principles to their
acquisition activities, CMMI or Acquisition
(CMMI-ACQ) provides a set o widely
accepted acquisition practices within a proven
improvement structure.
The initial ramework grew out o a col-
laboration between General Motors and the
Sotware Engineering Institute. The CMMI-
ACQ constellation now refects the results o
extensive piloting with other government and
commercial acquirers.
CMMI or Acquisition and related materials are
available on the SEI Acquisition Web page at
www.sei.cmu.edu/acquisition.
CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENTSFunded engagements to help organizations
meet their business and mission objectives
Direct Support
Acquisition Process ImprovementWhether youre using Lean, Six Sigma, Theory
o Constraints, AFSO 21, CMMI, or otherprocess improvement methods, the SEI can
help. The SEI works directly with acquisition
programs and organizations to help dene a
set o measurable improvement objectives,
analyze or improvement, and implement
changes and control mechanisms or long-
term improvement.
Support or Sotware Acquisition and
Systems Engineering ActivitiesThe SEI works directly with program managers
and their stas to help them achieve their
objectives. Teams o SEI technical experts
work in acquisition environments in the Army,
Navy, and Air Force, as well as with other DoDand civil agencies, applying SEI products and
services as well as other industry best prac-
tices. The SEI supports a wide range o activi-
ties that include identiying and mitigating risk,
benchmarking and improving acquisition pro-
cesses, implementing sotware and systems
engineering best practices, and more.
Strategic Planning
Acquisition Strategy Planning
WorkshopDeveloping an acquisition strategy is a
crucial component o acquisition planning.
Acquisition-improvement experts rom theSEI help workshop attendees gain a deeper
understanding o a programs sotware-acqui-
sition characteristics and the drivers that aect
that programs strategic choices. In addition,
participants learn how to use the Acquisition
Strategy Development Tool to either ormulate
acquisition strategies or a new program or
evaluate the appropriateness o strategies that
a program is already executing.
IT Strategic PlanningA well-ounded inormation technology (IT)
strategic plan communicates the mission,
vision, objectives, values, and critical success
actors or the organizations enterprise archi-
tecture and uture products and services.The SEI helps organizations dene and articu-
late an eective IT strategy rom a systems
perspective. SEI experts also consider the
mechanisms or governance and ocus on
aligning the IT strategy with organizational
business objectives.
Pre- and Post-Contract Award
WorkshopsSEI sta members help a programs person-
nel prepare or the request-or-proposal (RFP)
process, reviewing and discussing potential
pitalls and problems. Ater contract award,
the SEI can acilitate workshops between
the government and the selected contractorteam as they dene program-specic pro-
cesses in areas that are key to the success o
the program, such as engineering practices,
program management, communications, and
risk and issue management.
Assessments, Reviews, andEvaluations
Independent Technical AssessmentsIndependent technical assessments (ITAs)
uncover the root causes o problems aect-
ing sotware-intensive programs, and provide
recommendations that maximize a programs
strengths and minimize and mitigate itsrisks. ITAs are typically initiated by a system
program director, program executive ocer,
or other acquisition ocial. ITA teams
comprise SEI sta members and visiting
scientists with a mix o expertise who
conduct a series o interviews with program
stakeholders and deliver a brieng and
recommendations.
Sotware Risk EvaluationsA sotware risk evaluation provides program
managers with a mechanism to anticipate and
address program risks. This evaluation is used
to identiy and categorize specic program
risks emanating rom products, processes,management, resources, and constraints.
The programs sta members participate in
the identication, analysis, and mitigation o
risks that could aect their development eort
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Process AppraisalsA process appraisal is an objective review
o the processes used by a program team
(acquirers, contractors and subcontractors)
to execute a project. Reviews examine engi-
neering, acquisition, integrated product andprocess development, project management,
and support processes. The SEI provides the
Standard CMMI Appraisal Method or Process
Improvement (SCAMPISM) amily o appraisal
methods to identiy strengths, weaknesses,
and risks to assist government programs in
process improvement activities.
Additionally, the SEI oers the SEI Process in
Execution Review (PIER), a SCAMPI appraisal
that helps acquirers evaluate the process
capability o their contractor or contractor
team, and identiy risks and ways to mitigate
them. A PIER can also look at the processes
employed by the acquirer, and at the intersec-tion o processes between the contractor and
the acquirer.
Request or Proposal (RFP) Preparation
and ReviewsThe language used in a ormal request or
proposal (RFP) makes a critical dierence in
the quality o the proposals received and ulti-
mately the success o an acquisition program.
The SEI is adept at developing RFP language,
including sample language or a variety o
specic clauses relevant to sotware-inten-
sive acquisition. For example, some proposals
should specically address the importance
o sotware architecture, process improve-ment, the sotware test and evaluation
approach, sotware measurement needs, and
requirements.
Additionally, the SEI works directly with acquir-
ers to improve RFP processes and capabili-
ties, conducting pre-award workshops to help
identiy and mitigate risks by evolving the RFP
package. Ater the award, the SEI helps estab-
lish expectations and process interactions
between the acquirer and developers.
Source-Selection ReviewsThe SEI supports the proposal-evaluation
phase o the source-selection process by pro-
viding technical reviews o the submissions,
with an emphasis on sotware-related issues.
Experienced SEI sta members help programs
prepare to evaluate proposals, judge them
against the criteria set orth in the solicitation,
assist with past perormance and cost evalua-
tions, and more.
Measurement-Plan EvaluationsEectively monitoring a contract requires that
a program have in place an eective, custom-
ized measurement system. When a programs
measurement system includes consistent
collection o metrics and analysis or decisionmaking and act-based planning, it can operate
as an eective early-warning system or
program problems. The SEI helps programs
create a system or recording metrics data so
that they can use reliable historical data as a
basis or more accurate program estimates.
System and Sotware Requirements
Architecture ReviewsThe SEI works with project stakeholders to
ensure that customer requirements, product
and architecture requirements, and analysis
and validation processes refect the un-
damental needs that drive programs, rom
both mission and business perspectives. Inaddition, the SEI advises programs on how
to manage requirements and architecture
changes, maintain traceability and change
history, and evaluate the impact o changes
rom the viewpoint o the stakeholders.
Quality Assessments o System
Architectures and their Requirements
(QUASAR)The SEI Quality Assessment o System
Architectures and their Requirements
(QUASAR) assessment method provides
a practical way to determine i a systems
architecture, including its subsystems, meets
quality requirements. SEI technical stamembers help architects ormulate claims,
build arguments, and gather evidence to
demonstrate to the program oce and other
stakeholders that their architectures possess
sucient quality.
Testing-Approach EvaluationThe testing approach or a sotware-inten-
sive system has a signicant impact on the
ultimate quality o the delivered system.
SEI experts help to ensure an appropriate
approach to sotware testing by reviewing
the system-test approach. Conducting an
evaluation ensures appropriate test coverage,
traceability to requirements, testing or COTSproducts, visibility into contractor testing,
testing o both quality and unctional require-
ments, and integration o sotware testing into
the overall test strategy.
Sustainment-Readiness ReviewA sustainment-readiness review can help an
organization determine its overall sotware
maintenance plan, whether its sotware is
ready or sustainment, and whether sucient
artiacts exist. Technical experts rom the SEIconduct sustainment-readiness reviews to
identiy potential issues with a project entering
into sustainment and to recommend actions
or preparing a project or sustainment.
Document ReviewsThe quality, completeness, and level o detail
o milestone document deliverables have a
substantial impact on a programs ability to
execute sotware development. Experts in
many dierent areas o systems and sotware
expertise can provide or augment the techni-
cal review o documents produced by both
the program oce and the contractor. Types
o documents that can be reviewed includethose emanating rom the acquisition strategy
as well as the transition and operations plans.
EDUCATION & TRAININGAvailable rom the SEI and licensed SEI
Partners, based on matured, validated, and
documented solutions to pervasive problems
Continuous Risk ManagementThis two-day course introduces project
managers, lead engineers, sotware engi-
neers, quality-assurance sta, hardware
engineers, and sotware engineering process
group members to the concepts and appli-
cation o continuous risk management. The
course provides participants with practical
experience, methods, and tools that help them
implement risk-management practices in their
organizations.
COTS-Based Systems or Program
ManagersThis one-day course covers the major chal-
lenges and opportunities associated with the
use o COTS products in sotware-intensive
systems rom the perspective o the program
manager. It covers practices based on real-
world case studies or establishing a COTS
business case, vendor and supplier rela-
tionships, architecture, license negotiation,
requirements, evaluation, risk management,
and more.
Acquisition, continued
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COTS Sotware Product Evaluation or
PractitionersThis two-day course covers undamental de-
nitions, an overview o some o the basic prin-
ciples o COTS product evaluation, a process
ramework or COTS sotware product evalua-tion, and some useul techniques. Instructors
describe experiences and practices based
on real-world case studies or COTS product
evaluation.
Introduction to the CMMI Acquisition
ModuleThis one-day course is designed or program
managers and their sta members. It
presents the important role that process
and process improvement play in the acqui-
sition o sotware-intensive systems. This
course eatures comprehensive discussion
o the CMMI Acquisition Module, actionable
methods and tips or attendees, and ampleopportunity or questions.
Sotware Acquisition Survival SkillsThis three-day course is designed or program
managers and their sta members and
provides a broad overview o the skills needed
in a program oce to manage sotware
acquisition. It presents a unique acquisition
perspective on key topics in sotware system
acquisition, including risk management,
requirements management, pre-award activi-
ties, systems engineering, sotware architec-
ture, technical evaluation, project metrics, and
process management.
Patterns o Failure in Sotware
AcquisitionThis workshop, designed or acquisition prac-
titioners, is a acilitated exploration o recur-
ring patterns o counter-productive behavior in
sotware acquisition. Led by SEI experts with
experience observing common types o ailure
in actual programs, the workshop employs key
concepts rom systems thinking. Participants
will learn the warning signs and techniques to
recognize and prevent these ailure modes.
PUBLICATIONSSEI reports are available or ree download at
www.sei.cmu.edu/publications.
CMMI Acquisition Module (CMMI-AM),Version 1.1. 2005
Techniques or Developing an Acquisition
Strategy by Profling Sotware Risks. Mary
Catherine Ward, Joseph P. Elm, Susan
Kushner, 2006
Sustaining Sotware-Intensive Systems. Mary
Ann Lapham, Carol Woody (contributor), 2006
QUASAR: A Method or the QUality
Assessment o Sotware-Intensive System
ARchitectureshandbook. Donald Firesmith,
2006
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Using proven practices or predictably and eciently designing, constructing,and guiding the evolution o sotware-intensive systems with the qualitiesneeded to meet business and mission goals
www.sei.cmu.edu/programs/pls
The SEI works in the areas o sotwarearchitecture, sotware product lines, andpredictable assembly to eect widespreadproduct line practice, architecture-centricdevelopment and evolution, and predictableconstruction throughout the global sotware
community. The SEI is also studying how
to build and maintain the ultra-large-scalesystems o the uture.
Architecture
Sotware architecture is the key or ensuringthat a system serves an organizations busi-ness and mission goals. The SEI can help you
solve specic architecture problems
create leading-edge architecture tech-niques and methods
improve your organizations architecture
capabilities
The SEIs architecture products and servicesserve as a starting point or establishing a
working relationship to help you answer theollowing questions:
Does your architecture meet your long-termsystem-evolution needs?
Do you have architecture development andevolution strategies that will address long-term uncertainty in your business climate,mission goals, and technology?
Is your system/sotware architecture tacti-cally well positioned or the coming years?
Do you have an approach or improvingarchitectural deciencies?
Is there a seamless connection betweenyour system and sotware architectureapproaches?
Do you know how to measure and improve
the architecture competence o your orga-nization and its key individuals?
Product Lines
Sotware-intensive systems are otenacquired, developed, tested, and maintainedas separate products, even i they have asignicant amount o common unctionalityand code. Such an approach wastes technicalresources, takes too long, and costs
more than necessary. A product line approachto sotware can dramatically reduce devel-
opment cycles, improve return on sotwareinvestments, improve sotware systemintegration, and give an organization more op-tions in the uture.
Making the move to product lines, however,is a business and technical decision andrequires considerable changes in the wayorganizations practice sotware engineering,
technical management, and organizational
management.
The SEIs sotware product line products andservices serve as a starting point or estab-lishing a working relationship to help youanswer the ollowing questions:
What is a systematic way to transition tothe use o sotware product lines?
What are your organizations strengthsand weaknesses with respect to sotwareproduct line development?
Which products in your product line willachieve the highest production savings?
What is your business case or product linedevelopment?
How do you transition rom a amily o ex-isting systems to a sotware product line?
How can you improve your ongoing sot-ware product line eort?
Predictable Assembly
Our condence in sotware architecturalanalysis can be only as high as our condencethat the developed sotware implements thearchitecture.
The SEIs groundbreaking work in predictable
assembly combines the strengths o sot-ware architecture and product lines so that
sotware implementations exhibit predictablequality, by construction, or whole classes osystems. This work enables organizations to
dene design and implementation
standards that, when ollowed, result inpredictable runtime quality
use automation to enorce these standards
dene objective and predictive qualitystandards and measures or sotware com-
ponents developed internally or provided bythird-party suppliers
Ultra-Large-Scale (ULS) Systems
Many systems o the uture will be ultra-large on one or many dimensionsnumbero lines o code; number o people employingthe system; amount o data stored, accessed,manipulated, and rened; number o connec-tions and interdependencies among sotwarecomponents; number o hardware elementsto which they interace. They will be ultra-
large-scale (ULS) systems.
The characteristics o ULS systems, alreadyevident in some o todays largest systems,imply changes in the undamental assump-tions that underlie todays sotware engineer-ing approaches. The SEI led a team o expertsin a study o ULS systems and continues tonurture a community interested in exploring
the associated challenges and promisingresearch to address those challenges.
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TOOLS & METHODSSolutions to the problems associated with
sotware-intensive systems that help develop-
ers and acquirers improve their practices
Architecture
Active Reviews or Intermediate
Designs (ARID)The SEI Active Reviews or Intermediate
Designs (ARID) method is a low-cost, high-
benet method or reviewing a preliminary
sotware design (such as or a component or
subsystem) or suitability in its intended usage
context and environment. The ARID method
relies on assembling the designs stakehold-
ers to articulate what the important usage
scenarios are and then exercising the design
to make sure those scenarios are satised by
the design.
Architecture-Based System EvolutionSEI Architecture-Based System Evolution
methods are used to ensure that a system
continues to serve its business and mission
goals throughout its lietime. These methods
are used or redesigning architectures to
improve deciencies relative to quality attri-
bute and business and mission goals and to
evaluate and design architecture evolution
strategies.
Architecture Competence AssessmentThe SEI Architecture Competence
Assessment instrument is used to determinean organizations competence to perorm
architecture-centric development and evolu-
tion. It determines whether an organization
possesses the ability to grow, use, and sustain
the necessary skills and knowledge to eec-
tively use architecture-based development
practices.
Architecture Expert (ArchE)The SEI Architecture Expert (ArchE) is a rule-
based architecture design assistant that has
knowledge o quality attribute models, how
to analyze an architecture or its quality attri-
bute properties, and how to manage tradeos
among the quality attributes. ArchE makes this
knowledge accessible to every sotware archi-
tect to generate sotware architectures with
predictable quality attribute properties.
Architecture Tradeo Analysis Method
(ATAM) and the System ATAMThe SEI Architecture Tradeo Analysis Method
(ATAM) evaluation process is used or evalu-
ating sotware architectures relative to quality
attribute goals. The ATAM exposes architecturalrisks that potentially inhibit the achievement o
an organizations business goals. The ATAM is
so named because it not only reveals quality-
attribute-specic risks but also provides insight
into how those quality goals interact with, or
tradeo against, each other. A variant o the
ATAM, known as the System ATAM, is used to
evaluate system architectures.
Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) MethodThe SEI Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) method
is a systematic approach to designing a
sotware architecture. It is based on knowing
both the unctional and quality requirements
o systems and knowing the architecturalapproaches that have proven to be successul in
other systems.
Cost Beneft Analysis Method (CBAM)The SEI Cost Benet Analysis Method (CBAM)
is an architecture-centric method or analyzing
the cost benet implications o architectural
decisions while managing uncertainty in uture
business and mission goals. It provides a basis
or inormed decision making about architectural
design and evolution. The CBAM builds on the
ATAM, though an ATAM evaluation is not an
absolute prerequisite.
Mission Thread WorkshopThe SEI Mission Thread Workshop is used to
elicit quality attribute considerations associated
with the existing mission threads o a system
or system o systems (SoS). The resulting aug-
mented mission threads can then be used by
SoS and system architects during the develop-
ment and evaluation o the SoS, system, and
sotware architectures. This workshop is based
on the SEI Quality Attribute Workshop (QAW).
Quality Attribute Workshop (QAW)The SEI Quality Attribute Workshop (QAW) is
used to elicit key quality attribute goals and
architecture-development plans. It can be con-
ducted prior to the development o a sotwarearchitecture.
Views and Beyond Approach to
Architecture DocumentationThe SEI Views and Beyond approach to archi-
tecture documentation is based on the concep
o architectural views. This approach involves
selecting a set o relevant views based on thearchitecture and its stakeholders, documenting
those views, and then documenting inormatio
that applies across views. The approach covers
practical inormation such as how to choose th
set o views to document, how to document a
view, how to document the inormation beyon
views, how to judiciously combine views in th
documentation to increase understanding and
decrease the workload, and how to document
architectural constructs using popular notation
and languages, including the Unied Modeling
Language (UML).
Product Lines
Framework or Sotware Product Line
PracticeThe SEI Framework or Sotware Product Line
PracticeSM Web-based reerence model aids
organizations in sotware product line endeav-
ors. It provides comprehensive inormation
about essential activities and practices as
gleaned rom studies o organizations that hav
built product lines; rom direct collaborations o
sotware product lines with customer organiza
tions; and rom leading practitioners in sotwa
product lines. There is also an Acquisition
Companion to this ramework that was devel-
oped to aid acquirers in the Department o
Deense. The ramework is available atwww.sei.cmu.edu/productlines
/ramework.html . The acquisition companion
is available at www.sei.cmu.edu
/productlines/companion.html.
Sotware Product Line Acquisition:
A Companion to a Framework or
Sotware Product Line PracticeThis Web-based reerence model complements
the SEI Framework or Sotware Product Line
Practiceby adding acquisition-specic inorma-
tion. It is a description o the technical and man-
agement areas in which an organization must
be competent to successully acquire and eld
a product line o sotware or sotware-intensivesystems. The acquisition companion is available a
www.sei.cmu.edu/productlines
/companion.html. The ramework is available
at www.sei.cmu.edu/productlines
/ramework.html .
Adoption Factory PatternAs one o the SEIs product line practice
patterns, the Adoption Factory pattern provide
a generic product line adoption roadmap to
guide an organizations transition to a product
line approach. This roadmap is dened in
terms o phases, ocus areas, and product line
practice areas.
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Product Line AnalysisThe SEI Product Line Analysis method is
requirements engineering or a product line;
it is the link between the recognition o a
business opportunity and the design o a
product line architecture. It incorporates theviews o multiple product line stakeholders in
a requirements model that includes the unc-
tional eatures o products and the sotware
quality attributes (e.g., perormance, modiabil-
ity) o both the product line and its products.
The requirements model created by Product
Line Analysis identies common requirements
across the product line and their allowed
variants. It also serves as a undamental com-
munications mechanism between developers
and other stakeholders o a product line.
Product Line Technical Probe (PLTP)The SEI Product Line Technical ProbeSM
(PLTPSM
) method is a comprehensive diag-nostic method or examining an organizations
readiness to adopt or ability to succeed with
a sotware product line approach. The PLTP
uses a series o structured interviews o small
peer groups within the organization ollowed
by data analysis and results reporting. The data
collection, analysis, and reporting are based on
the SEI Framework or Sotware Product Line
Practice.
Product Line Quick Look (PLQL)The SEI Product Line Quick Look (PLQL)
method is used to gather initial inormation
about an organizations readiness to adopt or
ability to succeed with a sotware productline approach. The PLQL provides a high-level
raming o the organization and its product line
eort. The inormation gathered can then be
used to plan more specic assistance rom the
SEI or other activities needed to progress in
product line adoption. The PLQL can also serve
as the onsite portion o the preliminary phase
o the SEI Product Line Technical Probe.
Structured Intuitive Model or Product
Line Economics (SIMPLE)The SEI Structured Intuitive Model or Product
Line Economics (SIMPLE) method is an
easy-to-use aid or calculating the costs and
benets o various sotware product line alter-natives. Dierent strategies and approaches
can be compared and the most advantageous
one chosen.
Options Analysis or Reengineering
(OAR)The SEI Options Analysis or ReengineeringSM
(OARSM) method is a systematic, architecture-
centric approach or identiying and mining
reusable sotware components within large,complex sotware systems. OAR enables
users to screen candidate sotware compo-
nents; identiy the best candidates or reuse;
analyze, isolate, and aggregate candidate com-
ponents; and estimate the level o diculty,
cost, and eort required to mine and rehabili-
tate the sotware components selected.
Predictable Assembly
ComFoRT Model-Checking Reasoning
FrameworkThe SEI ComFoRT model-checking reasoning
ramework can veriy whether a system will
satisy key behavioral invariants expressed asclaims. I a claim is not preserved, ComFoRT
displays the execution trace that violates the
claim. ComFoRT is based on Copper, a state-
o-the-art sotware model checker, and can be
applied to SEI Construction and Composition
Language (CCL) specications or suitably
restricted C-language code.
Lambda-star Perormance Reasoning
FrameworkThe SEI Perormance Reasoning Framework
(Lambda-star) can be used to predict the
timing behavior o assemblies in hard, rm,
and sot real-time settings. Perormance
models draw on generalized rate monotonicscheduling theory and queuing theory and are
constructed automatically rom CCL specica-
tions. Timing predictions have validated statis-
tical condence intervals.
Pin Container TechnologyPin is a simple but robust container technol-
ogy designed or embedded and hard real-
time applications. It supports a strict orm o
container-based component encapsulation,
deployment, and composition. Pin supports
a zero-coding, assembly-through-connection
style o development and is implemented
using nonproprietary real-time operating-
system services specically adapted tosupport UML statechart semantics.
Construction and Composition
Language (CCL)The SEI Construction and Composition
Language (CCL) is used to speciy Pin compo-
nents and assemblies. It supports the syntac-
tic and behavioral specication o components
in an executable subset o UML statecharts,
generates complete component and assembly
implementations, and provides tool developers
with C, Java, and XML access to annotated
abstract syntax trees.
Predictable Assembly Starter KitThe SEI Predictable Assembly Starter Kit is an
Eclipse-based interactive development environ-
ment that provides a user-riendly integration
o CCL, Pin, and reasoning rameworks. In
addition, the starter kit denes plug-in interacesand conventions or the development and intro-
duction o new reasoning rameworks, code
generators, simulators, documentation genera-
tors, and other such tools. It provides users
with a unctional prediction-enabled component
technology (PECT). The starter kit can be used
to learn about or teach predictable assembly, to
explore the easibility o predictable assembly
in nontrivial application settings, or to serve as a
model or building a custom PECT.
CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENTSFunded engagements to help
organizations apply best practices
Architecture
Architecture ReconstructionsSEI architecture experts use the ARMIN recon-
struction tool and a dened architecture-recon-
struction process to develop graphical illustra-
tions o architectural views rom input source
code.
Architectural Assistance and CoachingSEI architecture experts use the tools and
methods itemized above to provide technical
assistance and coaching in sotware architec-
ture requirements, design, documentation, evo-
lution, and cost/benet analysis.
Sotware and System Architecture
EvaluationsSEI teams conduct sotware and system archi-
tecture evaluations using the ATAM. The SEI
team documents the results in a report provided
to the customer organization.
Product Lines
Product Line Executive SessionDuring the hal-day Product Line Executive
Session, a product line expert rom the SEI
provides an overview o sotware product lines
to a designated group o managers rom the
organization. The SEI expert acilitates a dis-
cussion about sotware product lines and the
potential or the organizations adoption o the
approach.
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Customized Product Line SolutionThe SEI collaborates with organizations to
develop a customized product line solution,
tailoring existing methods and approaches as
necessary to t specic product or organiza-
tional needs.
Product Line Diagnosis Using the
PLQL or the PLTPThe SEI perorms product line diagnostics
using either the Product Line Quick Look
(PLQL), which is a one-day high-level exami-
nation, or the more extensive Product Line
Technical Probe (PLTP), which takes a week.
The SEI team documents the results o
the diagnostics in a report provided to the
customer organization.
Product Line Adoption/Action
Planning WorkshopThe Product Line Adoption/Action PlanningWorkshop is a natural ollow-up to the
Product Line Technical Probe (PLTP). The PLTP
produces a portrayal o the state o an orga-
nizations product line practices. The planning
workshop helps translate that portrayal into
a plan o action. The workshop is a tailored,
acilitated work session in which an SEI team
works with a customer team, typically over
two days, to produce a product line adoption
plan or an action plan.
Tailored Management Assistance on
Product Line EortsThe SEI provides tailored management
assistance to support developing a productline adoption plan, business case, operating
concept, acquisition strategy, training plans,
and appropriate data collection, metrics, and
tracking mechanisms. The ollowing services
are among those oered:
Product Line Concept o Operations
Workshop: During this two-day working
session, SEI product line experts work with
product line managers to develop a product
line concept o operations (CONOPS).
Product Line Business Case Workshop:
During this two-day working session, SEI
product line experts use the Structured
Intuitive Model or Product Line Economics(SIMPLE) to help product line managers
develop a product line business case.
Product Line Acquisition Support: SEI
experts work with an acquisition organization
to develop requests or proposals; an acqui-
sition strategy; statements o work; and
contractor planning, tracking, and monitoring
that are specic to a product line eort.
Product Line Measurement Workshop:
This three-day working session guides par-
ticipants in dening meaningul measures
aligned with their sotware product line goals
and developing an action plan or obtaining
these goals within the context o the pro-cesses in their product line eorts.
Tailored Technical Support on Product
Line EortsThe SEI provides tailored technical assistance
to support scoping and product line analysis,
architecture denition, architecture evaluation,
mining assets, migration planning, component
development, and testing.
Product Line Analysis and Scoping
Workshop: During this one-week working
session, SEI experts guide an organization
through a product line analysis that results in
a preliminary set o product line artiacts that
include a use case model, a eature model,
an object model, a domain- and organization-
specic dictionary, and a preliminary scoping
document.
Product Line Architecture Support: SEI
product line experts help an organization to
dene a product line architecture with appro-
priate variation mechanisms as well as to
document and evaluate the architecture.
Product Line Variability Management
Workshop: During this two- to three-day
session, SEI product line experts guide an
organization in understanding the goal o
variability in a product line approach and
help the organization determine appropriatevariation points, variation mechanisms, and
variability-management strategies and tool
support.
Product Line Production Planning Workshop:
During this two-day session, SEI product line
experts guide an organization through the
initial development o a product-production
strategy and provide tools and directions or
applying that strategy to the creation o a
production method and a production plan.
Conguration Management Practice
Workshop: During this two-day session, SEI
product line experts lead a product line orga-
nization through the initial steps in develop-
ing or rening its conguration managementpractices or its sotware product line eort.
Predictable Assembly
Quality by Construction ClinicThis clinic is a ocused, two-day interac-
tive workshop or gathering initial inorma-
tion about an organizations readiness toadopt methods and technology or predict-
able assembly. The goal o the clinic is to
help organizations identiy the strengths and
weaknesses o their current methods and
technologies vis--vis predictable assembly
and to identiy specic opportunities to pilot
predictable assembly technology in a practical
setting.
Predictable Assembly Starter
EngagementsThe SEI provides tailored technical assis-
tance to organizations interested in adopting
the methods and technology or predictable
assembly. Examples o the kinds o assistanceoered include
upgrading legacy systems to enable predict-
able assembly: The SEI can help organiza-
tions evolve existing sotware systems and
product lines to support the predictable
runtime behavior o new (and possibly third-
party) system congurations.
dening standards or trust and certica-
tion o third-party sotware: The SEI can
help organizations understand the value o
achieving a specied level o condence in
third-party sotware behavior and introduce
standards and technologies to achieve that
level o condence. introducing sotware model checking to
obtain up-to-provable trust in sotware: The
SEI can help organizations introduce model
checking technology to analyze, validate, and
potentially certiy the correctness o execut-
able design specications and source code.
introducing state-o-the-art perormance
analysis or a spectrum o real-time per-
ormance requirements: The SEI can help
organizations introduce perormance analysis
techniques to make systems predictable or
a range o sot to hard real-time perormance
requirements.
developing analysis models and construc-
tion rules to guarantee predictable runtime
quality: The SEI can help organizations intro-
duce comprehensive solutions or specic
runtime quality attributes or high-criticality
systems. These solutions range rom predic-
tive models to coding rules and their enorce
ment mechanisms.
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EDUCATION & TRAININGAvailable rom the SEI and licensed SEI
Partners, based on matured, validated, and
documented solutions to pervasive problems
Architecture
ATAM Evaluator TrainingThis two-day course prepares sotware archi-
tects to conduct a sotware architecture evalu-
ation using the Architecture Tradeo Analysis
Method (ATAM), a proven, highly eective
method or systematically evaluating sotware
architectures or tness o purpose.
ATAM Leader TrainingThis two-day course ocuses on the social and
leadership skills needed to successully lead
an architecture evaluation using the ATAM.
The course presents ATAM acilitation require-ments and challenges and, to meet those
challenges, general acilitation and consulting
principles.
Documenting Sotware ArchitecturesThis two-day course provides in-depth
coverage o eective practices or document-
ing sotware architecture that meet the needs
o the entire architecture stakeholder commu-
nity. It presents the inormation in the context
o prevailing prescriptive documentation
models.
Sotware Architecture Design and
AnalysisThis two-day course provides in-depth
coverage o the concepts needed to design
and analyze a sotware architecture eectively.
The essential considerations or dening
any architecture are careully examined and
then illustrated through application o the
Attribute-Driven Design method or sotware
architecture.
Sotware Architecture: Principles and
PracticesThis two-day course emphasizes the impor-
tance o the business or mission context in
which systems are designed and introduces
participants to sotware architectures in a real-world setting.
Product Lines
Sotware Product LinesThis two-day course introduces sotware
product lines and the basic concepts behind
them. It covers the essential technical and
management practices needed to succeed
with sotware product lines and provides
guidelines and patterns or applying product
line techniques. Case studies illustrate the
concepts.
Adopting Sotware Product LinesThis two-day course describes a practical,
phased, pattern-based approach to planning
and orchestrating sotware product line
adoption. The goal o the course is or partici-
pants to know what is involved in product lineadoption and how to plan or it.
Developing Sotware Product LinesThis two-day course provides participants
hands-on experience in understanding and
applying the practice areas needed or
sotware product line mastery. It provides
an in-depth treatment o the concepts and
essential ideas covered in the Sotware
Product Lines course, through the use o a
comprehensive sotware product line example
that includes a complete set o assets and
artiacts.
PLTP Team TrainingThis two-day course prepares participants to
be team members on a Product Line Technical
Probe (PLTP). The course involves hands-on
exercises so that participants learn the PLTP
process and practice the skills necessary to be
a contributing PLTP team member.
PLTP Leader TrainingLeading a PLTP requires an in-depth under-
standing o product line technical and man-
agement practices, a thorough understanding
o the PLTP process, excellent organizational
skills, and superior acilitation skills. This two-
day course uses several hands-on exercises to
prepare participants to lead a PLTP.
Predictable Assembly
Principles o Predictable AssemblyThis two-day course introduces participants
to the undamental concepts o predictable
assembly. The course covers the relationships
between sotware architecture and sotware
component technology and between predict-
ability by construction and sotware product
lines. Course participants explore a practice
model or predictable assembly that spans
design, implementation, analysis, prediction,
and validation activities. Participants learn how
to impose smart constraints on developersthat guarantee that system runtime behavior
will be analyzableand predictableby
construction.
CONFERENCESEvents sponsored or cosponsored by the SEI
Sotware Architecture Technology
User Network (SATURN) WorkshopThe SEI Sotware Architecture Technology
User Network (SATURN) Workshop is an
annual two-day conerence that brings
together engineers, architects, technical
managers, and product managers who are
using the architecture-centric methods and
approaches developed and promulgated by
the SEI. Attendees exchange their experiences
and best practices and discuss ideas, issues,
and needs with regard to sotware architec-
ture practices.
Sotware Architecture Workshop
or Educators
The SEI Sotware Architecture Workshopor Educators is a three-day gathering or
educators who teach college and university
computer science and sotware engineering
courses and who would like to teach and use
sotware architecture principles and prac-
tices. SEI instructors present the Sotware
Architecture: Principles and Practices course.
Attendees then jointly determine ways to
incorporate these concepts and methods into
academic courses.
Architecture Tradeo Analysis Method
(ATAM) Lead Evaluator WorkshopThe annual SEI ATAM Lead Evaluator
Workshop provides an update on the ATAMand its application. The workshop is mandatory
or all certied SEI ATAM Lead Evaluators.
DoD Product Line Practice WorkshopThis workshop is a orum or sharing
Department o Deense (DoD) product line
practices and experiences and or discussing
ways in which specic product line practices
are accomplished within the DoD.
Sotware Product Line Conerence
(SPLC)The annual SEI Sotware Product Line
Conerence (SPLC) eatures a rich and
varied program, with ample opportunities oreveryone rom sotware product line novices
to experts. Recent conerences ocused on
critical issues in product line engineering
such as architecture, quality assurance, and
business and economics. Tracks include dedi-
cated tutorials, workshops, panels, and paper
sessions. The conerence also includes the
induction o organizations into the Sotware
Product Line Hall o Fame, as well as birds-o-
a-eather sessions.
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PUBLICATIONSBooks are available rom Addison-Wesley
(www.awproessional.com/seiseries) and
book retailers. SEI reports are available or ree
download at www.sei.cmu.edu/publications.
Architecture
BooksSotware Architecture in Practice, Second
Edition. Len Bass, Paul Clements, and Rick
Kazman, Addison-Wesley, 2003
Documenting Sotware Architectures: Views
and Beyond. Paul Clements, Felix Bachmann,
Len Bass, David Garlan, James Ivers, Reed
Little, Robert Nord, and Judith Staord,
Addison-Wesley, 2002
Evaluating Sotware Architectures: Methods
and Case Studies. Paul Clements, Rick
Kazman, and Mark Klein, Addison-Wesley,
2001
ReportsUsing the SEI Architecture Tradeo Analysis
Method to Evaluate WIN-T: A Case Study. Paul
Clements, John Bergey, and Dave Mason,
2005
Attribute-Driven Design (ADD), Version 2.0.
Rob Wojcik, Felix Bachmann, Len Bass, Paul
Clements, Paulo Merson, Robert Nord, and Bill
Wood, 2006
System Architecture Evaluation Using theATAM. Mike Gagliardi and Bill Wood, 2007
Quality-Attribute-Based Economic Valuation
o Architectural Patterns. Ipek Ozkaya, Rick
Kazman, and Mark Klein, 2007
Evaluating and Improving Architecture
Competence. Len Bass, Paul Clements, Rick
Kazman, and Mark Klein, 2007
Progress Toward an Organic Sotware
Architecture Capability in the U.S. Army.
Stephen Blanchette Jr. and John Bergey, 2007
Making Architecture Design Decisions: An
Economic Approach. Rick Kazman, Jai Asundi,
and Mark Klein, 2002
ATAM: Method or Architecture Evaluation.
Rick Kazman, Mark Klein, and Paul Clements,
2000
Product Lines
BooksSotware Product Lines: Practices and
Patterns. Paul Clements and Linda Northrop,
Addison-Wesley, 2001
ReportsProduct Line Acquisition in a DoD
Organization: Guidance or Decision Makers.
John Bergey and Sholom Cohen, 2006
The Structured Intuitive Model or Product
Line Economics (SIMPLE). Paul C. Clements,
John D. McGregor, and Sholom G. Cohen,
2004
Sotware Product Line Adoption Roadmap.
Linda M. Northrop, 2004
Product Line Analysis or Practitioners. GaryChastek and Patrick Donohoe, 2003
Sotware Process Improvement and Product
Line Practice: CMMI and the Framework or
Sotware Product Line Practice. Lawrence G.
Jones and Albert L. Soule, 2001
Testing a Sotware Product Line. John D.
McGregor, 2001
A Case Study in Successul Product Line
Development. Lisa Brownsword and Paul
Clements, 1996
Preparing or Automated Derivation o
Products in a Sotware Product Line. John D.
McGregor, 2005
Guidelines or Developing a Product Line
Production Plan. Gary Chastek and John D.
McGregor, 2002
Predictable Assembly
BooksBuilding Systems rom Commercial
Components. Kurt Wallnau, Scott Hissam, and
Robert Seacord, Addison-Wesley, 2001
ReportsPackaging Predictable Assembly with
Prediction-Enabled Component Technology.
Scott Hissam, Gabriel Moreno, Judith Staord,
and Kurt Wallnau, 2001
Predictable Assembly o Substation Automa-
tion Systems: An Experiment Report. Scott
Hissam, John Hudak, James Ivers, Mark
Klein, Magnus Larsson, Gabriel Moreno, Linda
Northrop, Daniel Plakosh, Judith Staord, Kurt
Wallnau, and William Wood, 2002
Sotware Component Certifcation: 10 Useul
Distinctions. Kurt Wallnau, 2004
Perormance Property Theories or Predictable
Assembly rom Certifable Components. Scott
Hissam, Mark Klein, John Lehoczky, Paulo
Merson, Gabriel Moreno, and Kurt Wallnau,
2004
Overview o ComFoRT: A Model Checking
Reasoning Framework. James Ivers and Nata-
sha Sharygina, 2004
Certifed Binaries or Sotware Components.
Sagar Chaki, James Ivers, Peter Lee, Kurt
Wallnau, and Noam Zeilberger, 2007
Ultra-Large-Scale Systems
BooksUltra-Large-Scale Systems: The Sotware
Challenge o the Future. Linda Northrop, Peter
Feiler, Richard P. Gabriel , John Goodenough,Rick Linger, Tom Longsta, Rick Kazman, Mark
Klein, Douglas Schmidt, Kevin Sullivan, and
Kurt Wallnau, Sotware Engineering Institute,
2006
CREDENTIALSSEI certifcates and certifcations awarded
on the completion o qualifcation criteria
established by the SEI
Sotware Architecture Certicates
Sotware Architecture Proessional
A sotware proessional earns the SEISotware Architecture Proessional Certicate
by completing the courses Sotware
Architecture: Principles and Practices,
Documenting Sotware Architectures,
Sotware Architecture Design and Analysis,
and Sotware Product Lines. This our-course
sequence provides both the needed breadth
and depth in sotware architecture concepts
and practices. Beginning with an introduction
to sotware architecture undamentals, partici-
pants gain experience in eective architecture
documentation, design, and analysis tech-
niques and then learn how these techniques
can be used when adopting a product line
approach to sotware.
Architecture Tradeo Analysis Method
(ATAM) EvaluatorA sotware proessional earns the SEI ATAM
Evaluator Certicate by completing the
courses Sotware Architecture: Principles and
Practices and ATAM Evaluator Training. This
two-course sequence prepares a qualied
sotware proessional to perorm SEI-autho-
rized ATAM architecture evaluations.
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ATAM Lead EvaluatorA sotware proessional becomes a certied
SEI ATAM Lead Evaluator by completing the
courses Sotware Architecture: Principles
and Practices, Documenting Sotware
Architectures, Sotware Architecture Designand Analysis, ATAM Evaluator Training, and
ATAM Leader Training and by successully
leading an ATAM architecture evaluation
observed by an SEI ATAM expert. This ve-
course sequence and eld exercise provide
qualied sotware proessionals with the tech-
nical depth and social techniques needed to
lead an SEI-authorized ATAM evaluation o a
sotware architecture. SEI-authorized ATAM
Lead Evaluators must attend yearly ATAM
Update Workshops to maintain their skills and
status.
Sotware Product Line Certicates
Sotware Product Line ProessionalA sotware proessional earns this certicate
by completing the courses Sotware Product
Lines, Adopting Sotware Product Lines, and
Developing Sotware Product Lines. This three-
course sequence provides the needed breadth
and depth in sotware product line concepts
and practices to apply sotware product line
practices proessionally.
Product Line Technical Probe (PLTP)
Team MemberA sotware proessional earns this certicate
by completing the courses Sotware Product
Lines, Adopting Sotware Product Lines,Developing Sotware Product Lines, and
Product Line Technical Probe Team Training.
This our-course sequence prepares a qualied
sotware proessional to perorm SEI-autho-
rized Product Line Technical Probes.
PLTP LeaderA sotware proessional becomes a certied
SEI PLTP Leader by completing all ve courses
in the SEI Product Line curriculum and by
successully leading a PLTP observed by an
experienced PLTP Leader. This ve-course
sequence and eld exercise provide quali-
ed sotware proessionals with the technical
depth and social techniques needed to eec-tively lead SEI-authorized PLTPs.
RESEARCHEngagements in technology
development with the SEI
ArchitectureArchitecture-Based System EvolutionSEI architecture-based system evolution
methods are based on understanding the
orces that drive system evolution, evaluat-
ing the evolvability o an architecture, and
managing the uncertainty associated with an
organizations uture business and mission
needs and technology capabilities. The SEI
architecture team is looking or industrial
collaborators to explore these areas, includ-
ing applying economic theories (such as the
theory o real options) and multi-attribute
analysis methods (such as conjoint analysis) to
understand architecture evolution rom a cost/benet perspective.
Connection o Architecture-Centric
Methods with Other Sotware
Technologies and ParadigmsThe SEI is now integrating its sotware archi-
tecture methods and connecting them with
other sotware development paradigms and
emerging technologies. The SEI architecture
team is looking or industrial collaborators to
pilot the integrated methods and to explore
the connections with existing sotware and
system development paradigms. The SEI is
also looking or collaborations exploring con-
nections with aspects, service-oriented archi-tecture, open source, model-driven architec-
tures, J2EE, or .net.
Experiments with ArchEThe SEI is looking or collaborators interested
in using ArchE to architect small- to medium-
sized sotware systems. ArchE currently has
demonstrated its utility or small architectures.
The SEI team is eager to apply ArchE to larger
scale problems. The SEI is also looking or
collaborators who are interested in extending
ArchE with new reasoning rameworks.
Architecture Competence
The SEI is looking or collaborating organiza-tions to investigate what it means or an orga-
nization to have architecture competence and
how this competence can be evaluated.
Quality Attribute ModelsThe SEI is looking or partners to develop
and use quality attribute models in reliability,
security, scalability, usability, and testability.
Also o interest is the exploration o the rela-
tionship between quality attribute models,
business goals, and architecture and design
patterns.
Architecture, Product Lines, and Predictable Assembly, continued
Product Lines
Product Line Adoption StrategiesThe SEI seeks partners to explore eective
product line adoption strategies and to apply
SEI pattern-based adoption approaches. Alsoo interest are adoption strategies that exploit
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI),
architecture-centric, and Six Sigma initiatives.
Product Line Economic ModelsThe SEI is developing product line economic
models and looking or organizations that
would like to pilot or contribute to their
development.
Production Planning and Product
DerivationDeveloping core assets is only part o the
product line equation. Products in a sotware
product line are developed rom the core
assets according to the dictates o a produc-
tion plan. Product planning and product deri-
vation practices are oten immature, even or
experienced product line organizations. The
SEI is seeking industrial partners engaged
in product line eorts to perect production
planning and product derivation approaches.
Product Line Variability Mechanisms
and Automated Support or VariabilityTo accommodate the varying eatures and
quality attributes o the products in a sotware
product line, the core assets must have vari-
ability mechanisms. Choosing appropriate
variability mechanisms and tracing, and auto-
mating their use are among the most dicult
technical challenges in a product line approach.
The SEI is seeking collaborators to conduct
applied research on real systems in the area o
variability mechanisms.
Connection o Sotware Product Lines
with Other Sotware Technologies and
ParadigmsSotware product lines happen in the context
o other sotware development and business
paradigms. The SEI product line team is
looking or industrial collaborators to explore
and pilot sotware product lines in the context
o any o the ollowing: open source, aspect-
oriented programming, model-driven develop-
ment, service-oriented architectures, global-
ization strategies, systems o systems, agile
development, and ultra-large-scale systems.
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Predictable Assembly
Developing or Validating Automated
Methods or Predicting Sotware
QualityAlthough the SEI develops novel theories or
sotware quality, its preerred approach is
to adapt (that is, restrict) existing theories to
new settings and, in this way, leverage domain
knowledge to achieve greater automation.
The SEI is interested in collaboration on com-
bining runtime verication (including binary
sandboxing) with static program analysis
and verication (including certiying model
checking) to obtain certiable trust that
sotware components satisy saety, security,
and resource-consumption policies.
Developing PECTsA prediction-enabled component technology
(PECT) is a sotware manuacturing inrastruc-
ture or enorcing quality standards that lead to
predictable sotware systems. The SEI is inter-
ested in developing and documenting practi-
cal techniques or incrementally building and
deploying PECTs.
Developing High-Integrity
Trust Mechanisms or Sotware
ComponentsHow can sotware components be specied,
packaged, and distributed in a way that yields
an objective basis or trust? The SEI is investi-
gating technologies such as certiying model
checking and practical variations o proo-
carrying code and seeks research collabora-
tions to develop and demonstrate these and
related technologies.
Developing Proos o Feasibility o
Predictable AssemblyPredictable assembly seeks to achieve
predictable sotware quality by construction.
Achieving this goal will require signicant
investment in tool inrastructure. The SEI is
interested in working with collaborators to
develop and demonstrate a staged rollout
o PECT.
Ultra-Large-Scale Systems
ULS System Research AreasThe SEI seeks partners to explore some o
the promising research areas and topics
related to ULS systems. The SEI is especiallyinterested in continuing its work in computa-
tional mechanism design, which uses game
theory and economic models; in understand-
ing the role o architecture in ULS systems;
and in exploring eective human involvement
in ULS systems.
ULS Systems Research RoadmapThe SEI seeks partners in completing a
roadmap that details the published ULS
system research agenda.
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Process Improvement and Performance Measurement
Enabling organizations to guide the development and acquisition o products and services throughquantitatively managed processes that are repeatable, predictable, and continuously improving interms o cost, schedule, process perormance, and product and service quality
www.sei.cmu.edu/programs/sepm
Capability Maturity Model Integration
(CMMI)
When organizations want to improve theway they do business, they oten ocus onsecuring the best people, methods, andtools. Processes are the means or coor-dinating those resources. Improving an
organizations processes provides an eec-tive way to lower costs, improve quality, anddeliver products and services predictably on
budget and on time. Developed by a teamwith members rom industry, government,and the SEI, the Capability Maturity ModelIntegration (CMMI) approach comprisesbest practices that organizations can useto improve their processes. CMMI orDevelopment (CMMI-DEV) is or organiza-tions that develop products or services.
CMMI or Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ) is or
organizations that acquire products and ser-vices. CMMI-DEV integrates disciplines suchas sotware and systems engineering andcan dovetail with the use o other processimprovement methods, such as the SEI TeamSotware Process(TSP) methodology, thePeople CMM, ISO 9000, agile methods, andSix Sigma. CMMI-ACQ integrates acquisition
best practices rom industry and governmentacquisition standards and experience.
People CMM
Todays organizations must develop and man-age their human capital in an environment orapid change and increased competition. ThePeople Capability Maturity Model (PeopleCMM) enables organizations to develop andmanage their workorces in a structured waywith clearly dened work commitments andperormance objectives. Organizations expe-
rience a smoother transition to CMMI whenthey also use the People CMM because theyocus on improving the capability and com-petencies o the organization, developing an
eective ramework to support work groups orteams, motivating improved perormance, anddetermining critical emerging competenciesneeded to accomplish uture business plans.
Team Sotware Process (TSP) and
Personal Sotware Process (PSP)
Improving organizational perormancerequires a bottom-up as well as a top-downocus. The SEI Team Sotware ProcessSM
(TSPSM) methodology is transorming cost,schedule, and perormance quality or builderso sotware and systems. Organizations meettheir critical business needs by deliveringessentially deect-ree sotware on time andwith substantial increases in productivity. TheTSP also serves as a powerul accelerator orthe CMMI approach. Through the applicationo TSP, organizations have advanced their
maturity in much less time than reported aver-ages. The TSP couples with the SEI PersonalSotware ProcessSM (PSPSM) methodology toprovide a strategy and operational proce-dures or using disciplined sotware processmethods at team and individual levels. ThePSP brings substantive changes to the peror-mance o individual engineers. Their deect-
injection rates, or example, decline signi-cantly as they progress through the processlevels. PSP-trained engineers plan their workbased on personal data, measure their work,
and use their results to continually improve.
Sotware Engineering Measurement
and Analysis
The SEIs work in measurement and analysisprovides organizations with qualitative andquantitative tools and techniques to measureand analyze the results they are achieving atthe project, process, program, and enterprise
levels. Used in conjunction with other SEItechnologies, in particular CMMI and TSP, andmeasurement best practices, perormance
measurement enables organizations to char-acterize their current state, how well projectsare perorming, and the impact their improve-ment eorts produce. Most sotware mea-surement programs ail within the rst twoyears o operation, usually rom organizational
shortcomings: poor planning, lack o manage-
ment buy-in, and excessive data collection.Measurement and analysis techniques helporganizations identiy problems, track theireorts to improve sotware processes, lowercosts, reduce deects, maintain schedule, andgather return-on-investment inormation.
International Process Research
Consortium (IPRC)
The International Process ResearchConsortium (IPRC) is a orum or members othe sotware and systems process community
to jointly explore tomorrows challenges andleverage their knowledge and resources todevelop solutions more quickly and eec-tively. IPRC members come rom around theworld to meet with experts rom a varietyo infuencing disciplines. They explore theprocess implications o emerging technologi-cal, societal, environmental, political, eco-
nomic, and business trends. The IPRCs threestrategic goals provide long-term guidanceor the consortiums activities: (1) to provideresearch leadership in response to emerging
trends, (2) to generate real-world impact, and(3) to have international relevance. Currently,IPRC members are developing cost-eectivemethods or achieving process improvementin small settings, where organizations oten
lack resources and expertise. On the horizonis the development o guidance or navigatingthe multiple-standards environment, whereorganizations must simultaneously conorm tomultiple improvement standards and regula-tions, such as ISO, Six Sigma, CMMI, andSarbanes-Oxley.
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TOOLS & METHODSSolutions to the problems associated with
sotware-intensive systems that help develop-
ers and acquirers improve their practices
CMMI
CMMI ModelsCMMI models comprise best practices that
organizations can use to improve their pro-
cesses. CMMI or Development (CMMI-DEV)
integrates disciplines such as sotware and
systems engineering and can dovetail with the
use o other improvement methods such as
the SEIs Team Sotware Process (TSP) meth-
odology, the People CMM, ISO 9000, agile
practices, and Six Sigma techniques. CMMI
or Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ), which is sched-
uled to be published in November 2007, inte-
grates acquisition best practices rom industry
and government acquisition standards and
experience. CMMI models can also enable
organizations to achieve benchmark ratings
that can be used to compare one organiza-
tions process capability with the capabilities
o its competitors.
CMMI ModulesCMMI modules build on relevant best prac-
tices extracted rom CMMI and dene eec-
tive and ecient practices or an area o
interest in a specic environment. The CMMI
Acquisition Module contains eective and
ecient acquisition practices specically
designed or government acquisition projects.
Unlike CMMI models, CMMI modules do not
contain inormation to help guide implementa-
tion o the best practices nor can they be used
to achieve benchmark ratings.
Standard CMMI Appraisal Method orProcess Improvement (SCAMPI)
SCAMPI Class A MethodThe Standard CMMI Appraisal Method or
Process Improvement (SCAMPISM) Class A
method is the CMMI appraisal method that
provides the most reliable and repeatable
rating results o the three SCAMPI methods.
SCAMPI Class A is the only class o SCAMPI
method that can produce ratings against the
goals o a CMMI model.
SCAMPI Class B and C MethodsSCAMPI Class B and C appraisal methods are
CMMI appraisal methods that provide inorma-
tion about the strengths and weaknesses o
an organization. These methods require ewer
resources, smaller teams, and less evidence
than the SCAMPI Class A appraisal method.
The Class B and C methods can help an organi-
zation analyze its processes and plan a process
improvement approach. They do not produce a
rating against the goals o a CMMI model.
People CMM
People CMMThe People Capability Maturity Model (People
CMM) is a collection o best practices that
enables organizations to address success-
ully their critical people issues. Based on the
best current practices in elds such as human
resources, knowledge management, and
organizational development, the People CMM
comprises the practices that organizations canuse to improve their processes or managing
and developing their workorces.
Sotware Engineering Measurementand Analysis
Goal-Question-Indicator-Measure
(GQIM) MethodThe SEI Goal-Question-Indicator-Measure
(GQIM) method helps organizations dene
measures and indicators that are aligned with
the organizations business processes and
support the measurement requirements o
the CMMI Measurement and Analysis process
area. GQIM also helps organizations produce
action plans or implementing the measure-
ment and analysis activities that will produce
the measures they need. The GQIM method
is used to determine success, progress, and
analysis indicators that show traceability rom
an organizations high-level business goals
down to the precise data collected, ensuring
relevance and traceability rom goals to the
data collected.
Sotware Engineering Inormation
Repository (SEIR)The Sotware Engineering Inormation
Repository (SEIR), available at
seir.sei.cmu.edu/seir , is a ree, community-
based Web site that provides a orumor its 38,000 members to access materials
on product development and acquisition
methods and technologies and to exchange
inormation concerning development and
acquisition improvement activities. Registered
members exchange questions and tips and
contribute experiences and examples to help
each other with their implementation eorts.
Measurement and Analysis
Inrastructure Diagnostic (MAID)The SEI Measurement and Analysis
Inrastructure Diagnostic (MAID) tool can be
used by organizations to help improve the
quality o the data generated by their measurement and analysis activities and increase its
value to the organization. Based on the CMMI
Measurement and Analysis process area, ISO
15939, and Six Sigma methodologies, MAID
characterizes the perormance o a measure-
ment system and identies opportunities t