Segmented Clocks

24
7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 1/24 Uknbkhpk` Ecaelu o} Oao Fdbmcpah M dep{dcc} updrpk` a{p pa eckdh b} ufaz( _kdcc}$ [hgarp{hdpkc}# mh pfk gmrup earhkr M updrpk` pa eckdh M `mueawkrk` d odn eahpdmhmhn fdcg d `aykh ecael lmpu pfdp M `ah”p kwkh rkbkbokr o{}mhn( Uabkfa~# bdlmhn d gk~ ecaelu ua{h`k` ^D] bark mhpkrkupmhn pfdh eckdhmhn( Zfapa %49 Ahk ag pfk ecael lmpu

Transcript of Segmented Clocks

Page 1: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 1/24

Uknbkhpk` Ecaeluo} Oao Fdbmcpah 

M dep{dcc} updrpk` a{p pa eckdh b} ufaz( _kdcc}$ [hgarp{hdpkc}# mh pfk gmrup earhkr M updrpk` pa eckdh M `mueawkrk` d odneahpdmhmhn fdcg d `aykh ecael lmpu pfdp M `ah”p kwkh rkbkbokr o{}mhn( Uabkfa~# bdlmhn d gk~ ecaelu ua{h`k` ^D] barkmhpkrkupmhn pfdh eckdhmhn(

Zfapa %49 Ahk ag pfk ecael lmpu

Page 2: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 2/24

Pfmu mu d zmep{rk ag ahk ag pfk ecael lmpu M ga{h`( Mp mu eabzckpk ~mpf gdek# fdh`u# bawkbkhp# dh` pfk odppkr} MU mhec{`k`(Pfk ufrmhl ~rdz zdeldnmhn ~du d omp ag d zraockb ~fkh mp edbk pa nkppmhn pfk fdh`u a{p# pfa{nf( M db ncd` pfdp M `m` hap~dhp pa {uk pfk ukeah` fdh`u ah pfkuk ecaelu# oked{uk M `ah”p pfmhl M bdhdnk` pa nkp kwkh ahk ag pfkb a{p ~mpfa{p`dbdnmhn mp( M fd` uabk ~dch{p dh` bdzck dra{h`# ua pfdp mu ~fdp M efauk pa bdlk pfk ecaelu grab( M bmcck` uabk ag pfk~dch{p pa ¸‒ pfmel dh` uabk pa ²‒ pfmel( Pfk bdzck M bmcck` pa d omp awkr 4!6‒ pfmel( Dcc ag mp ~du rmzzk` pa ?‒ ~m`pf(

Zfapa %?9 Ukppmhn {z pa e{p pfk bmprku Zfapa %59 Gmrup kh` prmbbk`

M bd`k d upaz ocael gar b} bmprk ud~ ~mpf pfk kh` prmbbk` pa pfk ??(;º dhnck rkt{mrk` gar pfk aepdnahu( M e{p pfk kh`ag pfk upael pa pfk dhnck# pfkh gcmzzk` mp k`nk gar k`nk# ucm` mp `a~h pa pfk upaz dh` bd`k pfk ukeah` e{p(

Page 3: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 3/24

Zfapa %09 Upael gcmzzk` dh` ucm` pa upaz Zfapa %;9 Gmrup uknbkhp e{p

 Dgpkr kdef e{p pfk upael ~du gcmzzk` dh` ucm` `a~h pa pfk upaz gar pfk hkvp e{p( Mp `m`h”p pdlk cahn pa nkp d zmck ag uknbkhpu(

Page 4: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 4/24

Zfapa %79 Zdrpu e{p gar ukwkrdc ecaelu

M `m` `a d pkup duukboc} dgpkr e{ppmhn pfk gmrup kmnfp zmkeku pa wkrmg} b} dhncku ~krk rmnfp( Dcc ag pfk bmprku ~krk pmnfp# ua M

~khp dfkd` dh` e{p a{p pfk rkup ag pfk uknbkhpu(

Page 5: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 5/24

Zfapa %>9 @r} gmp ag pfk uknbkhpu Zfapa %69 Gmrup rmhn ecdbzk`

Umhek M fd` hap nappkh du gdr du eckdrmhn agg b} ~arlokhef mh b} ormkg eckdhmhn uzrkk# M {uk` pfk paz ag b}

pdock ud~ du d gcdp u{rgdek pa nc{k {z pfk rmhnu( M zrapkepk` b} ud~ grab nc{k ut{kkyk a{p ~mpf d zcdupme ufazzmhn odn( M

{uk` uabk ag b} e{upab odh` ecdbzu pa dzzc} zrkuu{rk ~fkh nc{mhn {z pfk rmhnu(

Page 6: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 6/24

Zfapa %=9 Ahk ag pfk ²‒ pfmel rmhnu

M gmrup dzzcmk` ahc} d cmppck zrkuu{rk pa pfk odh` ecdbz# i{up kha{nf pa `rd~ pfk uknbkhpu pankpfkr( Pfkh M {uk`

d `kd` oca~ bdcckp pa pdz kdef uknbkhp `a~h gmrbc} dndmhup pfk ud~ pdock okgark gmhdc pmnfpkhmhn ag pfk ecdbz# pa khu{rk

pfdp pfk duukboc} ~a{c` ok gcdp(

Page 7: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 7/24

Zfapa %4:9 I{boa id~u mhupdcck` ah cdpfk ef{el

M mhupdcck` pfk i{boa id~u ah b} Ahk~d} ueracc ef{el pa dcca~ ba{hpmhn pfk rmhnu( Pfk r{ookr `anu ah pfk

 i{boa id~u drk d`i{updock pa dcca~ nrmzzmhn ag bdh} `mggkrkhp `mdbkpkru# kmpfkr mhpkrhdcc} mh –kvzdhumah‒ ba`k ar kvpkrhdcc}

mh –eabzrkuumah‒ ba`k( Pfkuk id~u drk mhpkh`k` gar cmnfp e{pu ah odcdhek` ~arlzmkeku p{rhmhn dp 4::: rzb ar ckuu(

Page 8: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 8/24

Zfapa %449 Gmrup rmhn ba{hpk` Zfapa %4?9 Pr{mhn pfk gdek

Ahek pfk nc{k fd` e{rk`# M ba{hpk` pfk gmrup rmhn ah pfk cdpfk( M ~du mhmpmdcc} rdpfkr fkumpdhp pa pr{up pfk

uprkhnpf ag pfk nc{k` bmprku# o{p M fd` ha zraockbu ~mpf dh} ag pfk 4? rmhnu M p{rhk`( Pfk nc{k iamhpu upaa` {z pa oapf pfkkvzdh`mhn zrkuu{rk ag pfk ef{el id~u dh` pfk uprkuuku ag p{rhmhn ~mpfa{p d umhnck gdmc{rk( Umhek pfkuk rmhnu drk dcc gdek

nrdmh M ~du dock pa nkp d naa` u{rgdek {umhn uerdzmhn pkefhmt{ku pa ckwkc dh` pr{k {z pfk gdeku ag pfk rmhnu(

Mh ar`kr pa nkp d naa` nc{k oah` okp~kkh pfk cd}kru pfdp bdlk {z pfk ecaelu M hkk`k` pa bdlk pfk gdeku ag pfk rmhnu

gcdp(

Page 9: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 9/24

Zfapa %459 Efkelmhn pfk gdek Zfapa %409 Gcdp dh` pr{k

Ahek M fd` pfk iamhpu dcc ckwkcck` M efkelk` gar gcdphkuu o} cd}mhn d uprdmnfpk`nk derauu pfk g{cc gdek ag pfk rmhn( Mpufa{c` bdlk g{cc eahpdep ah oapf um`ku( Mh pfk ckgp fdh` zmep{rk doawk pfkrk mu d ndz hkdr pfk mhhkr zkrmbkpkr ag pfk rmhn#

mh`medpmhn pfdp M b{up rkbawk bark bdpkrmdc grab pfk a{pkr zarpmah ag pfk gdek( Mh pfk rmnfp fdh` zmep{rk pfk uprdmnfpk`nk mu

bdlmhn g{cc eahpdep# mh`medpmhn pfdp pfk gdek ag pfk rmhn mu gcdp(

Page 10: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 10/24

Zfapa %4;9 Lhaelmhn agg pfk earhkru Zfapa %479 Gmrup rmhn eabzckpk

Pfk bdzck aepdnah mu paa pfmh pa nc{k {z ah mpu a~h# ua M ~mcc ok nc{mhn mp {z du pfk –bkdp‒ mh pfk udh`~mef garbk` o}

pfk p~a ~dch{p rmhnu( Mh ar`kr gar pfk odh` ecdbz pa z{cc pfk bdzck uknbkhpu pankpfkr M hkk` pa lhael pfk earhkru agg pfk

p~a ~dch{p aepdnahu ua pfk} ~mcc hap mhpkrgkrk ~mpf pfk ecdbz( Fkrk M db {umhn d na{nk pa rkbawk pfk earhkru( M `ah”p pdlk

pfk rmhn dcc pfk ~d} `a~h pa ra{h` dp pfmu zamhp# i{up nkp pfk earhkru a{p ag pfk ~d}(

Page 11: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 11/24

Zfapa %4>9 Pfmh rmhn ba{hpk` gar ̀ rkuumhn Zfapa %469 Pfmhhkr rmhn eabzckpk

^fkh M ba{hpk` pfk ²‒ pfmel rmhnu pa pfk ef{el M ga{h` pfdp pfk `anu up{el a{p paa gdr dh` mhpkrgkrk` ~mpf okmhn dock

pa `rkuu pfk gdek ag pfk rmhnu( M pdzk` uabk ufmbu pa pfk odel ag pfk aepdnahu ua pfdp pfk} upaa` a{p d omp grab pfk gdek ag 

pfk ef{el dh` pfk `anu ~krk ha cahnkr mh pfk ~d}( P~a pfmelhkuuku ag Zazumeck upmelu ~du i{up rmnfp( M `rkuuk` pfk gdeku

dh` lhaelk` agg pfk earhkru i{up pfk udbk du pfk pfmelkr rmhnu(

^mpf pfk gdeku ag pfk rmhnu `rkuuk` gcdp dh` pfk earhkru lhaelk` agg mp ~du pmbk pa nc{k pfk udh`~mef pankpfkr(

Page 12: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 12/24

Zfapa %4=9 Zdrpu gar ahk ecael Zfapa %?:9 Gmrup ecael mh ecdbzu

M uzrkd` nc{k ah pfk `rkuuk` gdeku ag pfk ~dch{p rmhnu dh` ah pfk kh`u ag pfk bdzck uknbkhpu# pfkh ecdbzk`

kwkr}pfmhn pankpfkr( Pfk odh` ecdbz ~du z{p ah gmrup# o{p hap pmnfpkhk` {hpmc M fd` dzzcmk` d omp ag zrkuu{rk pa pfk odr 

ecdbzu pa bdlk u{rk kwkr}pfmhn ~du gcdp( Pfk odh` ecdbz ~du pmnfpkhk` {umhn dh kvpkhumah h{p `rmwkr uaelkp mh d ear`ckuu

`rmcc# pfkh pfk odr ecdbzu ~krk pmnfpkhk`( Bd}ok awkrlmcc# o{p M {uk` d ecdbz ah kwkr} uknbkhp ag pfk aepdnahu(

Page 13: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 13/24

Zfapa %?49 %5 id~u dh` ~aa`~arb uerk~ Zfapa %??9 Zc}~aa` odelkr ba{hpk`

M efauk pa {uk ³‒ zc}~aa` odelkru gar pfk gdeku ag pfk ecaelu( Pfk bawkbkhp pfdp eabku mh pfk lmp mu dep{dcc}

mhpkh`k` pa ok ba{hpk` `mrkepc} pa pfk ecael gdek dh` fdu d wkr} ufarp upkb# ua mh d``mpmah pa p{rhmhn pfk zc}~aa` `mueu

ra{h` M hkk` pa bdlk d rkekuu gar pfk bawkbkhp pfdp naku dcbaup dcc pfk ~d} pfra{nf pa pfk odel gdek wkhkkr( M u~mpefk`

awkr pa pfk %5 id~u ah b} ef{el dh` mhupdcck` pfk ~aa`~arb uerk~ pa ba{hp pfk zc}~aa` `mueu pfdp fd` okkh ra{nfk` a{p

ah pfk odh` ud~(

Page 14: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 14/24

Zfapa %?59 Cd}a{p ag barpmuk Zfapa %?09 _kekuu e{p

Ahek pfk a{pkr k`nk ag pfk `mue fd` okkh p{rhk` pa umyk M {uk` `mwm`kru pa cd} a{p pfk barpmuk gar pfk bawkbkhp( Pfk

`mue mu rapdpmhn mh d ea{hpkr"ecael~muk `mrkepmah# ua ahc} pfk ckgp ckn ag pfk `mwm`kru ~fmef mu u{zzarpk` o} pfk paacrkup mu

dcca~k` pa pa{ef pfk uzmhhmhn zc}~aa`( Mg pfk rmnfp fdh` ckn ag pfk `mwm`kru pa{efku mp ~mcc ok edrrmk` {z dh` p~mup a{p ag }a{r 

fdh`( Pfk rmnfp fdh` ckn mu aggkrk` {z ~mpfa{p pa{efmhn pa ukk pfdp pfk uermok` cmhk mu dp pfk earrkep rd`m{u( Pfk rkekuu mu

Page 15: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 15/24

pfkh kvedwdpk` {umhn d ut{drk kh` uerdzkr# ckdwmhn d up{o ag bdpkrmdc khndnmhn pfk ekhprk uerk~( Pfk up{o ~mcc ok

rkbawk` ~mpf d okhef efmukc dgpkr pfk zmkek mu agg pfk cdpfk(

Ahek pfk nc{k ~du `rmk` ah pfk ecael ocdhlu M u~mpefk` odel pa pfk i{boa id~u ah b} cdpfk ef{el( M ba{hpk` pfk

ecael ~mpf pfk odel gdek a{p mh ar`kr pa e{p pfk rkekuu gar pfk odelkr ̀ mue dh` bawkbkhp(

Zfapa %?;9 Ocdhl ba{hpk` Zfapa %?79 Mhhkr emreck e{p

Page 16: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 16/24

M {uk` b} Zazumeck upmel ufmbu dndmh umhek pfk grahp rmhn mu pfmhhkr pfdh pfk zrapr{umah ag pfk `anu( Gmrup M p{rhk` pfk

gdek ag pfk odel rmhn gcdp dh` pr{k# pfkh M updrpk` p{rhmhn d~d} pfk mhhkr `mdbkpkr {hpmc M fd` pfk mhum`k ag pfk ~dch{p rmhn g{cc}

ra{h` `a~h du gdr du pfk bdzck cd}kr(

Zfapa %?>9 Bkdu{rmhn gar ̀ mue Zfapa %?69 Pkup rkekuu e{p

Page 17: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 17/24

M ukp dh mhum`k edccmzkr pa pfk `mdbkpkr ag pfk zc}~aa` `mue pa nmwk bk dh m`kd doa{p fa~ b{ef bdpkrmdc M fd` pa

rkbawk( ^fkh M updrpk` garbmhn pfk rdookp gar pfk `mue M ahc} e{p doa{p ³‒ `kkz {hpmc M fd` d naa` gmp( Pfdp ~d} M fd` d

efdhek pa rkeawkr mg M bd`k pfk gmrup rdookp paa ~m`k(

Zfapa %?=9 Pkup gmppmhn pfk `mue Zfapa %5:9 _dookp e{p

Page 18: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 18/24

M mhupdcck` pfk bawkbkhp ah pfk `mue pa nmwk bk uabkpfmhn pa fac` ah pa ~fmck pkup gmppmhn( Ahek M ~du udpmugmk` ~mpf

pfk rdookp ~m`pf M e{p mp ah `a~h pa pfk bdzck cd}kr(

M {uk` d eabomhdpmah ut{drk pa wkrmg} pfdp pfk um`k ~dccu ag pfk rkekuu ~krk ut{drk pa pfk odel dh` pfk cmz ag pfk

rdookp ~du ut{drk pa pfk um`k(

Zfapa %?=9 Ufdzmhn pfk odel Zfapa %5:9 Odel udh`k` dh` gmhmufk`

Page 19: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 19/24

^fmck pfk ecael mu upmcc ba{hpk` ~mpf pfk odel gdek a{p M updrp ufdzmhn pfk zragmck# umhek M ~mcc ok {hdock pa nkp dp pfmu

drkd ~fkh mp mu rkwkruk` ah pfk ef{el( ^fkh M db fdzz} ~mpf pfk ufdzk M udh` mp pa 0:: nrmp dh` dzzc} pfk gmhmuf( M {uk` d

zra`{ep edcck` Ecdzfdb”u Udcd` Oa~c Gmhmuf ~fmef mu d ockh` ag bmhkrdc amc dh` okku~dv mh pfk garb ag d uagp zdupk( M dzzc}

mp ~mpf pfk cdpfk upazzk` dh` o{gg mp a{p ~mpf pfk cdpfk p{rhmhn(

Zfapa %549 Grahp gdek a{p Zfapa %5?9 Azkhmhn e{p pa umyk

Page 20: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 20/24

Fkrk M fdwk rkwkruk` pfk ecael ua pfdp pfk grahp gdek mu a{p( M fdwk pfk edccmzkr ukp pa pfk `mdbkpkr ag pfk ecael gdek mh

pfk lmp( M ~dhp pfk azkhmhn pa ok pfk udbk umyk du pfk ecael gdek# ua pfdp hahk ag pfk gdek ~mcc ok fm``kh mh pfk rdookp( Pfmu

~mcc dcca~ bk pa mhupdcc pfk gdek grab pfk grahp dgpkr pfk odelkr zc}~aa` mu nc{k` mhpa pfk rdookp( M e{p pfk azkhmhn pa pfk gmhdc

umyk pfra{nf oapf pfk ~dch{p dh` bdzck cd}kru(

Zfapa %559 Ufdzmhn pfk grahp Zfapa %509 Grahp gdek rkd`} gar udh`mhn

Page 21: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 21/24

Ha~ M edh gmhmuf ufdzmhn pfk grahp zragmck( M e{p pfk ~dch{p cd}kr odel mh pfk bm``ck pa kvzauk d rmhn ag bdzck dh`

ufdzk d nkhpck e{rwk ah pfk um`k pa bkkp pfk e{rwk ah pfk odel(

Zfapa %5;9 Grahp udh`k` Zfapa %579 Grahp gmhmufk`

Pfk p{rhmhn upkzu drk ha~ eabzckpk( M udh` dh` gmhmuf pfk grahp ~fmck mp mu upmcc ah pfk cdpfk# pfkh rkbawk mp gar 

mhupdccdpmah ag pfk odelkr dh` gdek(

Page 22: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 22/24

Zfapa %5>9 Nc{k dzzcmk` mh rdookp Zfapa %569 Odelkr uzrd}k` ~mpf d`fkumwk

M r{h d okd` ag bk`m{b wmueaump} e}dhader}cdpk nc{k &Fap Up{gg ardhnk cdokc- mhpa pfk earhkr ag pfk rdookp# dh` dcua

uzrd} pfk grahp ag pfk odelkr `mue ~mpf 5B U{zkr>> uzrd} d`fkumwk( Pfk uzrd} d`fkumwk ~mcc rkbdmh pdel} cahn kha{nf gar 

bk pa z{p pfk zc}~aa` mh pfk rdookp# uzrd} deekckrdpar ah pa pfk e}dhader}cdpk iamhp# dh` pfkh mhupdcc pfk ecael gdek grab pfk

grahp(

Page 23: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 23/24

Zfapa %5=9 Odel gmhmufk` Zfapa %0:9 Gmhmufk` ecael

Ha~ M edh dzzc} dh` o{gg a{p pfk gmhmuf ah pfk odel ag pfk zc}~aa` `mue dh` pfk um`k ~dccu ag pfk rdookp( M mhupdcc pfk

bawkbkhp dh` fdh`u dh` pfk ecael mu eabzckpk(

Page 24: Segmented Clocks

7/31/2019 Segmented Clocks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/segmented-clocks 24/24

Zfapa %049 Odpef eabzckpk` Zfapa %0?9 Zragmck wmk~