LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF CEMENT CONCRETE ROADS Vs BITUMINOUS CEMENT CONCRETE ROADS Vs BITUMINOUS

ROADSROADS

ByBy

--M.SrinivasanM.Srinivasan..

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND 6% of India’s economy for next 20 years depends on efficient 6% of India’s economy for next 20 years depends on efficient

roadsroads..

NH carry 40% traffic on barely 2% length of total road network.NH carry 40% traffic on barely 2% length of total road network.

Development programme (NHDP) for upgrading arterial roadsDevelopment programme (NHDP) for upgrading arterial roads..

In next 5 years, projects worth 1,75,000 crores proposed by In next 5 years, projects worth 1,75,000 crores proposed by G.O.I.G.O.I.

So, right choice to choose comparatively more beneficial to So, right choice to choose comparatively more beneficial to nationnation

India’s arterial road systemIndia’s arterial road system::

I.I. Golden quadrilateral -6300km–Phase 1Golden quadrilateral -6300km–Phase 1

II.II. North-south and East West corridors-7300km –Phase 2North-south and East West corridors-7300km –Phase 2

III.III. High density corridors of NH to give connection to ports and High density corridors of NH to give connection to ports and state capitals -10000km-Phase 3state capitals -10000km-Phase 3

IV.IV. All remaining NH to be made 2 lanes -phase 4All remaining NH to be made 2 lanes -phase 4

V.V. Expressways-1000km –phase 5Expressways-1000km –phase 5

VI.VI. Widening of GQ road project from 4 lane to 6 lane –Phase 6Widening of GQ road project from 4 lane to 6 lane –Phase 6

VII.VII. Construction by-passes and bridges upto 2012 –Phase 7Construction by-passes and bridges upto 2012 –Phase 7

Types of pavementsTypes of pavements

Flexible pavementFlexible pavement -layers of granular materials and -layers of granular materials and

bituminous materials on top.bituminous materials on top.

Rigid pavementRigid pavement -cement concrete pavement laid on a -cement concrete pavement laid on a

prepared subbase.prepared subbase.

COMPARISIONCOMPARISION

According to this paper:According to this paper:

Currently Flexible pavement has been preferred choice due Currently Flexible pavement has been preferred choice due to low initial costto low initial cost

But, there is Scarcity and rising prices of bitumenBut, there is Scarcity and rising prices of bitumen

70% of crude oil has to be imported70% of crude oil has to be imported

Initial cost of concrete pavement is more by 10-20% over Initial cost of concrete pavement is more by 10-20% over flexible pavementflexible pavement

In life cycle, concrete is proved to be economicalIn life cycle, concrete is proved to be economical

CONTINUATION…CONTINUATION…

Selection criteria of type of pavement Selection criteria of type of pavement should not based on the initial cost of should not based on the initial cost of construction.construction.

But, also consider the life cycle cost But, also consider the life cycle cost (maintenance &overlay cost)(maintenance &overlay cost)

And also, vehicle operating cost (voc) and And also, vehicle operating cost (voc) and fuel saving on rigid pavement compared to fuel saving on rigid pavement compared to flexible pavementflexible pavement

INITIAL COSTINITIAL COST Cost of construction depends on pavement Cost of construction depends on pavement

thicknessthickness Then governed by the strength of sub grade soil Then governed by the strength of sub grade soil

& traffic loading, cost of materials and execution & traffic loading, cost of materials and execution of the workof the work

MAINTENANCE COSTMAINTENANCE COST Cost includes maintenance of pavement Cost includes maintenance of pavement

during design period to keep the during design period to keep the pavement at the specified level.pavement at the specified level.

LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSISLIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS Carrying out by life cycle cost (LCC) analysisCarrying out by life cycle cost (LCC) analysis

Includes initial investment cost & maintenance Includes initial investment cost & maintenance costcost

Economic analysis includes presents worth, Economic analysis includes presents worth, annualized cost, and rate of returnannualized cost, and rate of return

More sensitive to the inflations, discount rate, and More sensitive to the inflations, discount rate, and analysis periodanalysis period

Comparative cost of one kilometer of each Comparative cost of one kilometer of each pavement at current market ratepavement at current market rate

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND COST FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND COST OF CONSTRUCTION PER KM:OF CONSTRUCTION PER KM:

Design depends on Design depends on

CBR value of sub grade CBR value of sub grade

cumulative number of commercial number cumulative number of commercial number that will use the roadthat will use the road

15-20 years for NH and Expressways15-20 years for NH and Expressways

Based on Based on IRC:37-2001IRC:37-2001 and its cost for and its cost for 2-lane road having 2-lane road having CBR CBR value 5 & traffic of value 5 & traffic of 75 75 msamsa::

The cost of the above payment will thus be The cost of the above payment will thus be about Rs.80 lakh per km.about Rs.80 lakh per km.

GSBGSB 300MM300MM @Rs. 800@Rs. 800 Rs.240 /sq.mRs.240 /sq.m

WMMWMM 250MM250MM @Rs. 1200@Rs. 1200 Rs.300 /sq.mRs.300 /sq.m

DBMDBM 150MM150MM @Rs. 3100@Rs. 3100 Rs.465 /sq.mRs.465 /sq.m

BCBC 40MM40MM @Rs. 3500@Rs. 3500 Rs.140 /sq.mRs.140 /sq.m

TOTALTOTAL 740MM740MM Rs.1145/sq.mRs.1145/sq.m

MAINTENANCE COST OF FLEXIBLE MAINTENANCE COST OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTPAVEMENT

Assumed, bituminous overlays will be on Assumed, bituminous overlays will be on 1010THTH,20,20thth & 30 & 30thth years after construction of years after construction of road having 75 mm DBM +40 mm BCroad having 75 mm DBM +40 mm BC

As per MORTH, surface renewals once in 5 As per MORTH, surface renewals once in 5 years of 25 mm BCyears of 25 mm BC

Repairs for 2 lane NH road @1.20 lakh per Repairs for 2 lane NH road @1.20 lakh per year as per MORTH normsyear as per MORTH norms

RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN AND COST RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN AND COST OF CONSTRUCTION PER KM:OF CONSTRUCTION PER KM:

Depends uponDepends upon

CBR value of sub gradeCBR value of sub grade

Design axle loadDesign axle load

Cumulative repetition of commercial Cumulative repetition of commercial vehicles during design life(30 years)vehicles during design life(30 years)

As perAs per IRC:58-2002 IRC:58-2002 for a 2-lane NH road for a 2-lane NH road

TYPE OF TYPE OF LAYERLAYER

THICKNESSTHICKNESS RATERATE TOTAL RATETOTAL RATE

GSBGSB 150mm150mm @Rs.800@Rs.800 Rs.120/sq.mRs.120/sq.m

DLC DLC (M10)(M10)

100-150mm100-150mm @Rs.2000@Rs.2000 Rs.250/sq.mRs.250/sq.m

PQC PQC (M40)(M40)

280-300mm280-300mm @Rs.3500@Rs.3500 Rs.1050/sq./mRs.1050/sq./m

TOTALTOTAL 530-600mm530-600mm Rs.1420/sq.mRs.1420/sq.m

MaintenanceMaintenance Cost Of Rigid PavementCost Of Rigid Pavement

Maintenance cost is rigid pavement will be Maintenance cost is rigid pavement will be Rs.50,000/km for a 2-lane NHRs.50,000/km for a 2-lane NH

Includes to cover filling of sealing Includes to cover filling of sealing compound in the jointscompound in the joints

Repairs of concrete spallingRepairs of concrete spalling

Surface retexturing once in 15 yearsSurface retexturing once in 15 years

USERS COSTUSERS COST It consists of VOCIt consists of VOC

Time costs of passengersTime costs of passengers

Commodities in transitCommodities in transit

Accident costAccident cost

In this analysis, only VOC is consideredIn this analysis, only VOC is considered

VOC consist of wear & tear of vehicles, fuel, VOC consist of wear & tear of vehicles, fuel, lubricants, depreciation and fixed costslubricants, depreciation and fixed costs

Roughness index of bituminous Roughness index of bituminous surface is 2000mm/kmsurface is 2000mm/km

Riding deteriorates with traffic and Riding deteriorates with traffic and reaches 4000mm/kmreaches 4000mm/km

But, cement concrete surface is But, cement concrete surface is maintained almost throughout the maintained almost throughout the lifelife

VEHICLE OPERATING COST (VOC) is VEHICLE OPERATING COST (VOC) is calculated:calculated:

VOC per year (Rs) = (No. of vehicle VOC per year (Rs) = (No. of vehicle per day * 365*VOC) (Rs/km) for per day * 365*VOC) (Rs/km) for roughness value of 2000 and 3000 roughness value of 2000 and 3000 mm/km for rigid and flexible mm/km for rigid and flexible pavementpavement

Applying a factor of 1.22(updated Applying a factor of 1.22(updated from Road user cost data, New delhi)from Road user cost data, New delhi)

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

Initial cost of concrete pavement is Rs.20lakh/km(25%) Initial cost of concrete pavement is Rs.20lakh/km(25%) higher over the initial cost of flexible pavementhigher over the initial cost of flexible pavement

Life cycle cost of concrete pavement for maintenance cost Life cycle cost of concrete pavement for maintenance cost is Rs.18lakh/km (16%) less compared to flexibleis Rs.18lakh/km (16%) less compared to flexible

Life cycle cost includes maintenance, VOC and fuel saving Life cycle cost includes maintenance, VOC and fuel saving cost is Rs.252.62lakh/km (16%) less compared to flexible cost is Rs.252.62lakh/km (16%) less compared to flexible pavementpavement

From above advantages about 30% length of new From above advantages about 30% length of new pavement of GQ under NHDP has been constructed with pavement of GQ under NHDP has been constructed with concrete pavement & 15% in NSEW corridorsconcrete pavement & 15% in NSEW corridors

THANK YOUTHANK YOU