Lecture #5 Plant Diversity I: Non-vascular plants & Seedless Vascular plants.
Seedless Vascular Plants Plants with a vascular system but no seeds.
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Transcript of Seedless Vascular Plants Plants with a vascular system but no seeds.
Seedless Vascular Seedless Vascular PlantsPlants
Plants with a vascular system Plants with a vascular system
but no seedsbut no seeds
Seedless Vascular PlantsSeedless Vascular Plants
Phylum PterophytaPhylum Pterophyta Phylum LycophytaPhylum Lycophyta Phylum SphenophytaPhylum Sphenophyta Phylum PsilophytaPhylum Psilophyta
Phylum PterophytaPhylum PterophytaFernsFerns
11,000 species11,000 species habitat = wetlands, habitat = wetlands,
especially in tropicsespecially in tropics dominant generation is dominant generation is
the the sporophytesporophyte plant plant
Phylum PterophytaPhylum PterophytaFernsFerns
StructuresStructures vascular systemvascular system =xylem and phloem =xylem and phloem tracheidstracheids (water conducting cells) (water conducting cells)
reinforced therefore can grow reinforced therefore can grow taller taller than than non-vascular plantsnon-vascular plants
roots, stems (roots, stems (rhizomesrhizomes) ) leaves (leaves (frondsfronds)) fiddleheads= coiled baby frondsfiddleheads= coiled baby fronds
Phylum PterophytaPhylum PterophytaFernsFerns
ReproductionReproduction Alternation of generationsAlternation of generations Dependent on water for sperm to swim to eggDependent on water for sperm to swim to egg use use sporesspores to reproduce to reproduce reproductive spores in reproductive spores in sporangiasporangia, on , on
undersides of frondsundersides of fronds Clusters of sporangia = Clusters of sporangia = sorisori (singular = sorus) (singular = sorus)
Fern Life CycleFern Life Cycle
gametophytesgametophytes are are small, flat and small, flat and independent independent (bearded heart)(bearded heart)
gametophytegametophyte dies as dies as sporophytesporophyte
growsgrows
gametophyte
sporophyte
Fern ReproductionFern Reproduction
sporangium
fiddlehead
frond underside with sori
Phylum PterophytaPhylum PterophytaFernsFerns
Examples:Examples: leather leafleather leaf MaidenhairMaidenhair
Boston fern
leatherleaf
maidenhair
Phylum PterophytaPhylum PterophytaFernsFerns
Phylum PterophytaPhylum PterophytaFernsFerns
Phylum LycophytaPhylum LycophytaClub mossesClub mosses
have vascular tissue have vascular tissue roots, stems and leavesroots, stems and leaves leafy green stems leafy green stems
branch from branch from underground underground rhizomerhizome
(stem)(stem)
Phylum LycophytaPhylum LycophytaClub mossesClub mosses
HabitatHabitat wetlandswetlands
ExampleExample : : LycophytaLycophytaDominant generationDominant generation
sporophytesporophyte★★Ancient species Ancient species (now extinct) very (now extinct) very successful during successful during dinosaur daysdinosaur days
Phylum LycophytaPhylum LycophytaClub mossesClub mosses
LepidodendronLepidodendron was a giant was a giant tree-like club moss. It towered tree-like club moss. It towered to 45 m in height and flourished to 45 m in height and flourished in the swamp forests of the in the swamp forests of the Carboniferous.Carboniferous.
Phylum LycophytaPhylum LycophytaClub mossesClub mosses
ReproductionReproduction alternation of alternation of
generationsgenerations use spores (no use spores (no
seeds)seeds) spores develop in spores develop in
sporangiasporangia on on specialized leaves of specialized leaves of sporophyte in sporophyte in conescones
(clubs)(clubs)Club moss reproductive structures
Phylum SphenophytaPhylum SphenophytaHorsetails / snakegrassHorsetails / snakegrass have vascular tissue = have vascular tissue =
roots (rhizomes),roots (rhizomes),
leaves, jointed stemsleaves, jointed stems seedlessseedless habitathabitat = wetlands = wetlands
especially common especially common
along along
stream banks stream banks
Phylum SphenophytaPhylum SphenophytaHorsetails / snakegrassHorsetails / snakegrass
alternation of generationsalternation of generations sporesspores form in form in
cones at tips of stemscones at tips of stems
Phylum SphenophytaPhylum SphenophytaHorsetails / snakegrassHorsetails / snakegrass
Example = Example = EquisetumEquisetum
Phylum SphenophytaPhylum SphenophytaHorsetails / snakegrassHorsetails / snakegrass
Dominant generationDominant generation= =
sporophytesporophyte
UseUse
During Colonial & Frontier During Colonial & Frontier
times, used to scour, or times, used to scour, or
scrub, pots and pans. scrub, pots and pans.
Nature”s own Brillo Pad. Nature”s own Brillo Pad.
Phylum PsilophytaPhylum PsilophytaWhisk fernsWhisk ferns
•seedless•habitat= wetlands•most closely resemble earliest vascular plants•vascular tissue= have branched stems and roots (no leaves)
Phylum PsilophytaPhylum PsilophytaWhisk fernsWhisk ferns
Interesting factInteresting factamong the among the earliest known earliest known vascular vascular plants found in plants found in fossil record, fossil record, and are the and are the simplest living simplest living vascular vascular plants plants
Cooksonia
Phylum PsilophytaPhylum PsilophytaWhisk fernsWhisk ferns
Reproduction spores form in sporangia at
tips of short branches
Use Hawaiians often collect the spores and use them as talcum powder
Phylum PsilophytaPhylum PsilophytaWhisk fernsWhisk ferns
ExampleExample:: PsilotumPsilotum