Seed germination and crop establishment in relation to moisture content
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Transcript of Seed germination and crop establishment in relation to moisture content
SEED GERMINATION AND CROP
ESTABLISHMENT IN RELATION TO MOISTURE
CONTENT
ASSIGNED BYPROF. V. S. SURKUD
SUBMITTED BYBISWANATH BEHERA
Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap,but by the seeds that you plant.
- Robert Louis Stevenson
WHY TO KNOW ABOUT THIS SUBJECT
Total arable land- 143.8 Million haTotal irrigated land-30.5%
Dry Land -69.5%
Rainfall in these area is <750
SCENARIO OF DRYLAND AREAS
WHAT IS SEED…..?
Seed is a fertilized mature ovule containing an embryonic axis (embryo) stored food material (endosperm) and a protective covering (seed coat or testa).
TYPES OF SEEDS
Today two major classes of seed are
recognized (Roberts 1973):
Orthodox. Seeds which can be dried down to a low MC of around 5% (wet basis) and successfully stored at low or sub-
freezing temperatures for long periods.
Recalcitrant. Seeds which cannot survive drying below a relatively high moisture content (often in the range 20–50% wet basis) and which cannot be successfully stored for long
periods.
On the basis of Moisture Content
What is Seed Germination & Crop establishment…?Seed germination is the
resumption of active growth of embryo that
results in the rupture of seed coat and
emergence of young plant
Factors Responsible For Seed Germination
External
Water Air Temperature Light
Soil Conditio
n
Internal
Seed Reserve Dormancy Impermeabl
e Seed Coat
*
Forms Of Water Availability
Liquid
Vapor
Moi
stur
e Moisture
MoistureM
oist
ure
Available Not Available
1st Case
2nd Case
Similarly…….
1st Case
2nd Case OR DORMANCY
Effect of Moisture content
In orthodox seeds, moisture content is probably the most important single factor in determining seed longevity (Holmes and Buszewicz 1958).
Reduction in MC causes a reduction in respiration and thus slows down ageing of the seed and prolongs viability.
Harrington (1959), cited by Barner (1975b), has related MC to various processes within and around the seed as follows:
Seed moisture content %
(wet weight)
Effect
Above 45 – 60 % Germination begins
Above 18 – 20 % The seed may heat (due to a rapid rate of respiration and energy release)
Above 12 – 14 % Fungus growth can occur
Below 8 – 9 % Insect activity much reduced
4 – 8 % Sealed storage is safe.
CAUSE AND EFFECT
SOURCE- http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad232e/ad232e07.htm
Moisture content of some seeds for storage
Crops Moisture content in %Rice 12-25
Wheat 14-23Cereals 10-12Oilseeds 7-9Legumes 14-18
MC% 1 Month 2 Months 3 Months 4 Months
6.0 98 92 96 94
9.5 94 88 76 4
18.6 81 22 0 0
Fully Imbibed
96 95 98 96
Germination % After Storage Periods Indicated
PRECAUTIONS WE TAKE BEFORE SEED SOWING FOR GOOD
GERMINATION….
•Sowing of Pregmented seed
•Scarification
•Rabbing
• Application Of Hormones
Moisture conservation for better germination & Seedling Development
Tillage• Better structure• Increase Water
Holding capacity• Provide better
Condition For seed Germination
• Zero tillage
Fallowing• Stores excess
Moisture• Destroys harmful
pathogen
Mulching• Conserve moisture• Retards excessive
evaporation from soil
Further…..
INSITU MOISTURE CONSERVATION PRACTICES
BBF
Dead Furrow
Opening Ridge & Furrow
Tie Ridging
Bedding system
*
*
*
*
Have A Nice Day
“The ultimate goal of farming is not the
growing of crops, but the cultivation and
perfection of human beings.”
― Masanobu Fukuoka