Sedition, Syndicalism, Sabotage, and Anarchy

HEARINGSBEFORLN TI|1

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARYHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

SIXTY-SIXTII CONGRESS•:ECON! SESSION

ON

H. R. 10210, 10235, 10379, 10614, 1061610650, and 11089

Serial 10

DECEMBER II AND 16, 1919

WASHINGTONGOVERNMENT 111INTINs' OFFICE

1019

CONTENTS.

Page.Hon. James F. Byrnes., Member of Congre.s --.......... 3Mr. Jtmes A. Horton, Washington, D. G --.............. 18Hon. Martin L. Davey, Member of Congress --------------------------- 33Hon. John W. Summers, Member of Congress ----------------------- 37Hon. Isaac Siegel, Member of Congress ---------------------------- 44Hon. Thomas L. Blanton, Member of Congress ---------------------- 50Hon. Clarence Mac4Jregor, Member of Congress ---------------------- 50Hon. LIndley H. Hadley, Member of Congress ----------------------- 58

2

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS.

ANDREW J. VOLSTEAD, Minnesota, Chairman.DICK T. MORGAN, Oklahoma.GEORGE S. GRAHAI, Pennsylvania.LEONIDAS C. DYER, Missouri.JOSEPH WALSH, Massachusetts.C. FRANK REAVIS, Nebraska.JAMES W. IIUSTED, New Yoix.GILBERT A. CURRIE, Michigan.DAVID 0. CLASSON, Wisconsin.W. D. BOlES, Iowa.CIIARLES A. CIRISTOPIIEISON, South

Dakota.

RICHARD YATES, Illinois.WELLS GOODYKOONTZ, West Virginia.ROBERT Y. THOMAS, JR., Kentucky.WILLIAM L, IGOE, Missouri.i';ARREN GARD, Ohio.RICHARD S. WHALEY, South Carolina.THADDEUS I. CARAWAY, Arkansas.M. I. NEELY, West Virginia.HENRY 3. STEELE, Pennsylvania.HATTON W. SUMNERS, Texas.

W. C. PREES, Clerk.

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

SERIAL 10.

Coi3IIrrEE ON THE JUDICIARY,HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

Thursday, December 11, 1919.The conunittee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., Hon. Andrew J. Vol-

stead (chairman) presiding.The CJhAIRM.AN. The committee will come to order.

STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES F. BYRNES, A REPRESENTATIVE INCONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

The CHAIMAI. What is the number of your bill, Mr. Byrnes?Mr. BYRlNES. 10379.The CHAIRMAN. How much time do you want?Mrl BYRNEoS. Only so much time as is necessary for the commit-

tee to agree to report the bill.Tle CxIAIR.IFA.. You may proceed and make your statement.Mr. BYnlNES. Mr. Chairlman, in addition to "what. I have to say,

I want to ask the committee to also hear Mr. Horton, from the De-partment of Justice.

The CHAIAN'. Is he here?Mr. BYINES. He is here; yes. He is more familiar with this sub-

ject than anybody connected with the Government at this time.

4 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM., SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

My bill is II. R. 10319. Mr. Chairman. It has for its object unik-ing unlawful the advocacy of the doing of an unlawful act. Unlikethe espionage bill and similar statutes which seek to make unlawfulcriticism of(overnment, which tends to obstruct the activities ofthe Government, this measure has for its purpose the making unlaw-ful the encouragement of or tile incitement to am unlawful act. Isay this because it only makes unlawful the advocacy by word ofmouth or by writing or by pictures of the use of ph'sictil violence,either to overflow the governmentt. to resist the authority of the Gov-ernment. or to accomplish the destruction of G(overnnent and pri-vate propery.

I am not going to take tile time of this committee to discuss tilepower of Congress to pass such a bill, because, having studied tilequestion when you were considering tihe espionage act, vou arefamiliar with all phases of this question and the Himitati~nis of tileconstitutional restriction as to freedom of speech. While that con-stitutional restriction may have had considerable bearing upon theespionage act, it certainly could not be raised here. because this, mIsI have heretofore said. ap)l)lies only to the advocating of the doingof an unlawful act. It does not, a4, the espionage act did, make un-lawful criticism of tile Government which tended to obstruct an.activity of the Government. This makes unlawful tile advocatingof a timing aimedl at tile Government itself.

As to the Constitution of the United States. it is inconceivable thatwe ever enacted a constitution that did not give to the Governmentthe power to defend itself against those who would destroy it, whowould overthrow it. It provides for an orderly method by whichchanges in the policy or in the structure of the Constitution itselfcan be effected. and n~o sane man would argue in favor of the restric-tion of discussion of changes in either the policy or the structure ofthe United States Government. This section one only seeks to intakeunlawful those acts which outside and beyond that lale, seek to (le-slrov the Government itself.

rf. Husm). How nch further does your bill go than the existinglaw against anarchy enacted after the assassination of PresidentMcKinley?

Mr. llit.-Es. I am frank to say that I looked for it. but I failedto find that law. And this is a fact as to existing law-tile onlystatute which applies at all is section 6 of the Federal Penal Code,and tile Government umade a test. case of that in a case known as tileEl Ariete Society case, an anarchistic organization in Buffalo, X. Y.The act provides first that there shall be a conspiracy between twoor moe persons. It demands proof of conspiracy to begin with. andwe all know as lawyers the difficulty of ever proving conspiracy. Alindividual could not be touched by it: there is no way of touchinghim. The result of that case which the Government "made for thevery purpose of ascertaining the effectiveness of that section was thatthe court ordered a verdict of acquittal.

With your permi.-ion, I wouhT like to *read this manifesto of tileEl Ariete Society: •

Cannibals. your hour of reckoning ha.a arrived. You have fattened beforehaving your throats cut like hogs. Yoll hiavell't lived 111 s n1tcluetly (a11 maittile decently like men. You tare tt your wits' end at the iroseet of millions ofhuman beings everywhere rising and not only asking but demanding anti exact-

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM0 SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. b

lug vengeance for the lpromtih of your usurped Interests. Yes, they will over-whelm you. We tire convinced that rebellion Is the noble vlimlncation of slaves;1hat fromi generatlitm to generations the shamneful reproach of slavery h1s nowctome. Make way for Bolshevlsm, for the department of labor, ttites. rall-wuys. fields. factories. mid shops. Let the Soviets be organized promptly. TheIdeal Is int convertedl Into fact until It liag cOlie to coiuisioisle. s. after havingbeen acquired by the sacrifice of iuumertible voluntary victims. Pear reader,men or womnivi, whoever youi may lie the erat iif social vliicatlon has arrived;tit Iln relalil pIass Ive: root out onvie for till superstition ; forward, forwardl, attiiece. for the tie for parley! ig with wolves of the chamber anti the amilihilllouscreatures (of tlle SWalili.IS has jImseti.

Prochlaii yourself openly im imaiilrhst. Let the revolution come. Hall toIhe iiliiatie mid releeliiig iairchy.

Thit was some of the literature of this society on which they

sought to bring these people into court, and the result was that thecourt directed an acquittal. The decision is quite long, but it. saysthat this section was based upon a statute enacted in 1861, duringthe Civil Warit. which wits never intended to cover this situation, andafter reading it I an satisfied that the court was right. I can notbelieve that anvone call read it without concluding that the courtwas right and ihat. the let does not reach this situation. And evenif it, did apply to this situation. we know that it does not reich theact of tn individual.

It provides:If two or nai.e piermis. li imy Stite (f 'ferrltrry, or lit iny place subject

to the jiirilslictiiiim of thIe Umilti d States, conspire to) overthrow. put down, ortot destroy y Iy force the (loverniuet of thm Umiltel States. or to levy war againstthemi. or tit oplm.se by force the aitlirity thereof, or by force to prevent,hilder, or delay tMe execulloi of ain.%* law of the IUiitedl Stiltes. for by force toseizi,. take, or ji.m-psse mity proi erly of the lilteol Stat, contrary to thl au-thorilty there, they slill each lie hied IOt more tihnl $5,00, or imipri-Anieollit inerr, thiMan six years. or liotli.

It demands roof of colspir~e- land it certainly does not apply toan individuall. Then its to tile lct itself. tile lDeii-rtieit of Justiceiii found itself unlaible to lliko anyi, headWilv,

11','. ,ALli,1 Whlere wits that eli-.' tried: t, Byrnes?Mr'. llpmi. lit Biutffalo, X.%' Y,

1'. W'.-,41. How much did it undermine the (1overnment-whlitthis man said?

1Mr. IIYINrs. That. of course would be a question for the decisionof each of us. It Would depend entirely upon the extent of tile eir-eilation of the particular article and ihe effect it had upon thosewho read it.

Mr. WAsTA. Do -onl think that the most rabid of these circularswhich are spread airouid are seriously endangering our Government?

Mr1'. ]liixs. I think this, that the experience -abroad, in RussiallAustria Hungary. ain( Germany, where these very tactics were jur-

si.e(] hIas (1lnonstrated that it was siccessful tliere and that it iswise for us to stop them now.

Mr. WAL.il IS there as great i percentage of illiteracy in theunited States as there is in Russia?

Mr'. ]lyniFxs. No, the exact percentage there I lont know, I know

it is hlrger than it is here. But of course if they were illiterate andcouldnt iead this literatire, it would have no effect at all, but it didhave an effect. upon those people who were not illiterate and couldread this stuff.

SEDITIOXp SYNDICALISMI, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Mr. WALSH. Would this act apply to people undertaking to takethe law into their own hands?

Mr. BYRN-ES. It would apply to those who incite men to violate thelaw for the purposes mentioned in the bill.

Mr. 1'ALSHI. You mean those who urged others to joint the mob?Mr. BYR.-Es. Yes, and I think it ought to. Most of our States

have laws to punish mob violence. In South Carolina a county isliable in damages to the estate of a man who is lynched by a mob,and only this week the presiding udge in York 'County ordered averdict in favor of the plaintiff. I never before heard of a court insuch a case ordering a verdict in favor of a plaintiff.

Mr. WHALEY. That was a verdict for the benefit of the wife forthe death of her husband who was killed by a mob?

Mr. BYR.NYs. Yes, by a mob of whites ana negroes combined.Mr. HuSTED. Now.'this bill is limited to cases where force and

violence are advocated to accomplish the work.Mr. BYR.,s. Exactly, and is specifically so limited because I

did not want to raise in any way the question of freedom of speech.It is limited to the advocating of the doing of an unlawful act. Theuse of force and violence-except in self.defense--would be anunlawful act. It has this additional feature: It has that one ideaof making the doing of that thing unlawful; then it provides inanother section, section 3. that every document, book, circular, orpicture advocating the doing of an unlawful act shall be declarednoninilable, just- as tile postal laws now declare nonnailable thecirculation of obscene matter or of other matter which is declarednonmailable.

Now. the second section I know would be difficult of enforce-men. It makes unlawful the displaying of a flag, banner, -r em-blem intended by tile peon displaying or exhibiting it. Lm sym-bolize or indicate a purpose to overthrow the Government of theUnited States by force or violence.

And the only case in which that could be enforced would bewhere a society, by its literature. and by its published manifestos,states its purpose to overthrow the Government. If the flag of thatsociety should be dis played in a parade. a flag symbolic of the asso-ciation which declares for a revolution in this country and the de-struction of all government. then it would come within the pro-visions of this section.

I can conceive of no other way in which yol can get at. it.Section 4 nmkes unlawful the iunporting into this country of any

of the literature declared to be unlawful. Now much of ihe revo-lutionary literature in circulation is coming into the country fromEurope." Since tie armistice, as Mr. Horton call tell you more indetail. 66 newspapers in this country have been published in alllanguages. advocating the overthrow 'of this Government, advocat-ing thie destruction of all government in most instances. Thosenewspapers have been circulated in this country, and I believe theircirculation will run up into hundreds of thousands now. They areshipped by express. They are also sent through the mail. Thenthey sent out innumerable pamphlets. I have lots of them here.Of'course. the reading of any of these would have no effect uponthe illiterate man who could not read, but upon the discontented

SEDITIONj, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. -

man who thinks he is not possessed of as much of the the goods ofthis world as lie ought to have, it produces a state of mind that un-doubtedl" leads to anarchy and revolution in the country.

Mr. WAtsn. Do you think that they can work up a sentintent in thiscountry to get an organization, to really attempt to overthrow theGovernment?

Mr. BYRN". Well, I say this, they have an organization here nowstarted for that purpose.

Mr. W. sr. lave thev tried to overthrow tile Government?Mr. Bvli.ms. No: theyvhave not. so far as I know.Mr. w.sll,. Will thins stop them. even if they have an ormaniza-

tion I'Mr. Bvim:s. This -will seriously hinder them. because it will stop

the general propagation of the docttrines of discontent that the organ-ization is attempting to disseminate in this country.

Mr. A.sn. Are iltere any American citizens ini that organization?Mr. BNF-s. Well. of course. I am not familiar with the citizenship

of the various men, hut I haven't the slighteA doubt that thee aremany American citizens among them. And we were just now speak-ing about lynching. There are no more law-abiding people in thecountry tha'n our negro citizens. and the earnest effort of these radi-cals now is to induce them to join this movement, playing npon thereal and imaginary grievances of the negro. The I. W. W. organiza-tion is making anl earnest effort to induce the negroes to join theI. W. W. They hold out the hope of tying up the railroads if they%can get the negro firemen to jeom. Tiey state they could then tieup the railroads. which they sav is necessary to a successful revolu-tion. because then they could! stq;) the transportation of troops neces-sary to quell the riots and the revolution.

.Mhr. Il-srm.. As a matter of fact. do you find tile I. W. W. makingany headway with the negro in the ,"oulh

Mr. BvnNEs. Well. I mt frank to say that while at home a weekor so ago I inquired, and I do not think'they have made any headwayin the Sotith. Burt. unfortunately for the accuracy of my statement.when I looked to see who was sup)porting the Messenger Magazine.I found one of the few advertisements was from my own State. Agentleman was in my olfice at the tine. who is secretllrv and treasurerof the Cotton Seed'('rushes. A."sciation. lie had ju-t told tie liewas satisfied they were making no headway down there. and thenwhen I showed hiun that advertisement of Owen & Pal. (olumbia.3. C.. the said: " Those fellows made this suit and I just paid then$4.5 for it last week." This magazine is The Messenger. supportedby tle I W. W.. published on Seventh Avenue. New York. It urgesthe negroes to join the I. V. W.. and they talk of the " ma's attackof the proletariat." "direct action of the mI',ses." and "tile classstruggle."1 While they have made Io great headway aniong nemgroesin the South there is evidence that they have made headway am.longnegroes in Xorthern States.

3[r. HSTED. Is there any statement. published in that magazine thatyon happened to notice tlat would not be permitted under the pro-visions of this bill'?

Mr. Bynss. Yes; because it. aims at revolution. That is their pur-pose. It. encourages armed resistance to constituted authority and tothe execution of our laws.

8 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGEp AND ANARCHY.

You might take that cartoon [indicating]. That is a picture en-couraging mob violence. It shows negroes shooting down soldiersand sailors of this Government.

Mr. WALsit. If we had this act word for word on the statute booksin 1801, it would not have prevented what happened, would it?

Mr. Briu%-s. I don't know. I ant not certain as to whether litera-ture was then distributed urging the overthrow of the Govenmeint byforce of arms or whether those who believed that under the Constitui-tion a State had the right to secede hoped it could be done withoutviolence. But that. situation is in no way comparable with the condi-tions sought to be remedied by this bill.

Mr. Wu.sns. If there are a sufficient number of people in this coun-try to-day who believe that this Government ought to be overthrown,if 'they are in the majority this act would not do any good.

Mr. BYRNE$S. No; if a majority of the people believed that, it wouldnot.

Mr WALSh. If that movement has got sufficient momentum youcan l)hss all lie laws yan want to and it isn't going to stop it.

Mr. BYiNEs. But no man argued that it has any such momentumnow. I know you don't. Certainly I don't. You don't attributethat opinion to me because of anything I have said.

Mr. WALSh. Oh, no.Mr. ByR.NF,. But I know that I don't. want. it to get such a nonen-

tun, and I know certainly that it woul do us no harm to make un-lawful at this time the urging and the advocacy of anybody to dothese unlawful acts against the Government of tl'ie Irnited States.

Mr. NEI.,v. And isn't there evidence. Mr. Byrnes, that this move-nment is gaining momentum very rapidly throughout time country?

Mr. Bvir.ns. There is, undoubtedlv." I want to ask you to hearMr. Horton, who has been connected \vith the Departmet of Justicein charge of the investigation of matters along these lines and isfamiliar with all of these publications tnrd knows the scope of thisradical propaganda. I am satisfied that lie will interest the com-umittee if you will listen to him on this subject for a few minutes.

'rhe ('mIAmrImA.. We will be glad to hear him.(OFFIC OF TIlE Ar yORNF:Y|.tL,

11hlInflton. I). C.. lh' 'mlhcr 12, 119.IlOlm. JAmmI.q 1. IY¥RNE.S.

louse of Repre-cinatuirw. Washigulon. I). V.31h l),:MAl 3H. Ioxom' sM.AN: I heg to iekiowihlge receipt f your conmuminlln-

tioi of tile 10h iIIstammt ininmittiihg tpy if II. It. 119371 aimd askilng liy oplilonas to whether or not this 1ill meets with lmy njproval.

i, reply I ieg to state that tii hill covers prlctieclily tile 4illt grouml mis thebillt IruIols m lit it my letter of Y'oveier 14. 1919, tniismilttilng report ontile clih. of lIht, IefIea of ilveit-gig.luiom. i)epmrtmnemt of Jusllte. Ini rs lspmseti tie selllite reolution of October 17. 1919, mimul ineetis wilh ity mtlprovtal.

Siletrey.Ai.r~x. V-. IKuo.

Alin~g Atlor aelj (iwral.

TO .AUlIO. ('011RADMS.

Ttiu andi igtin .vOu line elien foolish etmough to isk o1" Ito exmttt time luisemtexloiting s.ystell to gm Out of existie(V IAe( fllly.

Imily after dlay timi p iulduhr. of tils eXphmttiiton-tii UumVermlmmmemlt-mavt' miair-dered, crippled, Sumd Ilmlprisoleld timousautdis of our tigliters wimlie you wereaiswerig with your paper protests.

SEDITION, SYNDIWALTIM9 SABOTAOE, AND ANARCHY. 9But what Its happened all over tihe country on Frlday, November 7, 1919,

wheln hundreds of our comntrades wen, brutally crippled, assaulted, beaten itp, andthen arrested Iy tite wolfishm, degrading, cowardly, dirty, tilug-arnted beasts oftime Governument ought to openm tiMe eye. of every rebel worker who strugurles forthe overthrow of this system that it Is time to change time methods of fighting ourmimurderouts ememnles.

Openm meelings of revolutionary orgmizations inust stop, Instead of which tllmust resort to conspirative meetings it Czaristically Itussla lized America, as littie olden days of czard|on.

We mUst also le prepared so Plat ihen our conspinative gatherings tireattacked no such horrible smne its on the bloody Friday of November 7, 1919,should be repeated without blooly-yes, bloody revenge. We must speni ourist money oil i olulirlng g is lind maimmunitlon ind learn how to shot, lid to

shoot Into tie beasts, who would iare attllck u-.We trust that our comnirmles of llu-.Ii willl relte ite on Amnerican olhclaihs and

ti hill manner avenge the murderous attacks oli their IiuIsiI brothers who tirekept by force Ii this country and are not pernllted to return lhone.4VW, llit united secretly, call strikes lit all Indnu trhe. begin to seize till foodm tortk.4 landl fllt.lorle.,t, Iittllck with tilny wellloll you camll e°lltpte.lslll atilt] itsupldhers.

('arry ll time struggle of tiMe .ocial revolution until cupitlihisui's exploitationsy.xtell, gove~rlnlmelnt%; llluler rulle, religho's hylocrlhal as.selnt to these out.

rages, together with the dilly kept lre.' of the entire country, are all destroyedforever andl in IIN plo, .ldlsh the Anarcllst immunene society, based ol rvtfr'elu'lml.

(':lltmlismn, through Its government, h s iby Its bloody Prihmmy started the sparkof the sociall revolultfill In Americai, mmlld It Is up to us, the rebellilng workers, tokkvp the spiark burning ulilll victory l ou.rs, lammd victory will only come by ouritiglullig tt ul.se mall weapollms of force wlIIc we can lay hold of in lghting ourmemlles.To artn., relmllllng wirkersm.of Amierica.

A.mi.Ix ANARCIII.T FIF11uIATEI) ('O$1MI rUN SoVI .rS.

I i'tinpmhlet plckol_ nu by one of the Iran.-l4mors h( tIhe corridr " of the New York postoffice. First rlnte In 11 flritto, Ntew York, N. V.. Italian ilolstevik-Anarchlstlc pub-lication. Issue of Mar. 8, 11191.I

TO TIM WOIIKmI\ POPI: OF A3FmRICA.

'ill, wailr I. oeir. Your expl-lterx have qulekhly placied tleir lqm)fts itsafely.

Youm IMe' worklimg shives, will simnt fimid yourselves on time streets-, facing atInrd wilmer, looking for work for it Is your only means to supply yourselveswith time1 Imresent nmeessites of lift. Ie mwiuse you lck tie courage to useother mmilmlhms.

You imtve tole ated mill tile mmmorah llmmd plyscul slaiveries durilmg thls wir.Wimt-it ym ilmel oliII yommr mull. hlt protest, you were quIckly railroadedIts J.111.Wiat were your lrolllts. out of tll. war? Yot lost till the lutile liberty you

lmm. andmm gave your sowm, brotler.s, land fathers iwiy to lite shot down likeng d amlmll left tm rot hmm tie filetis of Friame!

Fomr what?For the glory of the Anmerhan hlag!S that your llmstel. lllly hlve tugger mmlrkets to sell their melrcaIndise and

exploit other people like yon.Th worker-s 4if Umslmi, (lerlilmmy, Austri mamnd other countries lmave rlsen

1m141 hmave overirowm tllelr rulers.Not by ballots, hut by mrmlnmg tlhemuselves, u.4 It I your only meals. You

miolme do inot ludg. A- ymou mfrmhl to follow their exmmple? Are yomu afraidto tike by force wht rightly belong. to you?

Will you lbe ileek, amid slaivish? Will you w h-llow under the Iron heel of yourill.ters.?

01r will you ear your wamy by the revolutlom to a better and limppler life?which will yot cllmoose?

A (IRour oF Wommi.x\o Mrx.

10 SEDITIONi SYNDICALTS31, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

IDer Kiassen Kampf, New York, N. Y., Jewish 1. W. W., October, 1919, p. 5, col. 3.1

THE REVOLUTIONARY T. IV. W.

The preamble of the 1. W. W. constitution In its last paragraph containsthe following:

"Organizing ourselves industrially we are building the structure of theniew system within the shell of the old. That is the chief aim of the 1. W. W.We are not sat sfiled with 'a good day's wages for a good day's work,' thatis impossible. The workers produce all riches and are therefore entitled to it.We are going to abolish capitalism, taking Into our possession the earth andthe machinery of production. We do not Intend to buy it but to take it. Therich clas has seized it, because they had the power to control and the brainof the workers in the Industry."

GROVES H. FERRY.

[Der Klassen Kampt, New York, N. Y., Jewish I. W. W., September, 1910, p. 1. Cols. 1-4.1

THE RED WAVE O" REVOLT.

In every center strikes are tile order of the day. It is the udawn of a newday, and the red flag of revolution and freedom has begun to wave. Now,more titan ever the workers of America have taken to solve tills s, sial problemby direct action in an econoilcal struggle against the capitalistic dictatorship.

Strike-this Is the new solution. This Is tihe forerunner, anl spreader ofthe great revolution of tie proletariat which is to come.

Only by direct action, strike, general strike, and nmi s -revolt will they gainbetter living conditions.

Itather than bother with the waigted energy of electing any candidate toCongress or assembly, who betray the laboring class nd ."serve the money bog,the only thing left for the workers Is direct notion oil the economical battlefield, which Is the best weapon against the weapon of capital.

The time for cheap demands Is gone. Now is tipe tine to tlike lm.oste.'lonof tile earth under tile control of the work,.-s. The Presidents, nihlslers. Con-gres nen. Senator.% and their agent, thevy all seek to fool tle workers, to makecompromises, but when tihe workers will have sense enough not to let tlemiselvesbe misled and take control of the fields. ani woio, shop, nlls, railro:uls. etc.,the entire production, and conimerce lit their bonds, then we would not live ivain till this earth. We would till it'r tUse somid i of the stfirin hell ,of r-volu-tion. which reports tile birth of a new, free, humane society.

'A. Kelszabadulas, Chicago, M11., flung-arin 1. W. W., June 21, 1919, p. 3. col. 0.1

Time time of Idle talk has passed. The tie for action Ist at handi. Let itsact. If everyone of its will do his share caillsmlla will lie lit our feet fit shortorder. Poke the flattie of tililli-filetiont until It vivelolies this Iotell ctlpitalls-tie world.

[Felpstaaduias, Chicago, IM., Hungarian I. W. W., Nov. 22, 1010, p. 2, eels. 1-2.1

TIlE 1 V. WV, PERIL.

If tie I. W. W. were to renoutm- Its ideals, It Could live In petvme with th'ruling class and its Institutions. itt we 410 not make a secret of our aims.We want to abolish wage slavery. We proclalin it openly, that we wflnt to gaincontrol over the Industries of tile country; we are carrying our strenugtl Intobattle in order to gain swvay over society. We wanlt the eilrth alnd till that Is itit fi( above it. And for this we are renly to make all kinds of sacrifices.

[The Mesenger, New York, Sept., 1010, pp. 1-1.)

STRIKER,

The present order of strikes ought to Impress the millions of Negro workersIn tle South. Cotton is used lit every conceivable forth of nanufacture. Itis the basis of the great clothing Industry. Tie progress of scelmlee has beenmaterially accelerated by King Cotton. Millions of bales are produced byN egro labor yearly out of which millions of dollars of profits are realized, and

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGEj AND ANARCHY. 11

yet the large majority of Negro cotton plantation workers are In 'dire povertyon account of the starvation wages they receive. What Is the remedy is thequestion coming from the mouths of millions of black workers.

The answer Is contained in one word--" Strike!" Piteous appeals are ofno avail. Positive demands enforced by the strike are tile only things thatcount. If the Negro cotton workers were to strike, the great cotton mills ofEngland that rely upon the cotton exported from the South would be forcedto close down. Now, since these cotton mills are owned by the capitalists ofEngland, who, in turn, control Parliament, representations would be madeimnlmiately to Anmerica with a view to influencing the action of the (lovern-mait with respect to the cotton strike. When the Negro understands hisimiwer to cripple the main Industry of tile Souith by arresting production, andthereby stopping tile creation of profits, he shall have reached the point wherehe will be able to secure a respIetful hearing in time highest court of Amerteamnpublic opinion itn general, as well as an attentive audience from Southern cot-ton plantation owners In particular.

The exploiting cla.,-Nes iln all palrts of the world canl appreciate a blow Inthe pocketbook. Negroes must form cotton workers' unions and present theirdemands to the masters of tile cotton Industry In the South. There is no needfor fear. Not a sign of cotton can be raised without Negro labor. Southernwhite capitalists know that Negroes can bring the white bourbon South to itskneees by one strike at the source of production. So, go to it.

(The Messenger, New York, 'May-June. 1919. p. 9.1

NEGRO 31ASS MOVEMENT.

F 'ourth, mnd last, Negroes must get into the Socilist Party. Politics shouldreflect tile economic condition of a people. Socialism Is tht, political party ofthe working people. Now, 99 per cent of tile Negroes are working people,so they should Join the working people's party. Tile Republican Party Is aparty of monopoly, big httsiness, and wealth. It represents plutocracy. Negroplutoerats should belong to the ltepublician Party, but Negro working peopleshould join and support the workingmen's party. Tat Is the Socialist PartyIn nil countries. It draws no race, creed, color, or nationality lines. All arefreely welcome into its ranks.

[The Messenger, New York, Aug., 1919.1

TIlE NEGRO AND TIE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR.

The Messenger magazine, tile only magazine of scientific radicalism it theworld, published by Negroes, has been carrying on relentless and widespreadpropagatdai among Negro workers In this country for nearly two years. It Isbeing read this month by over 33,000 Negro workers and a few thousand radl-eal whites. It has struck such alarm in the breasts of the reactionaries wihodominate the American American Federation of Labor's machine that theUnion League Clh askel the New York State Legislature to probe its agita-tion among the Negroes of the United States.

Industrially, let the farmers organize farmers' protective unions. Let tilelumber workers, holders, masons, Idasterers. anid otier Negro workers onrailroads and in mines organize into unions, quietly antid unostentatlously.Be prepared to walk out ili concert, every mamil atid wotmain who does oilyform of work. Let It be known that we are down to plan busmlaess, free frontany foolishness or play.

Let every Negro In the South begin to work oil thils program by agitatingfor It In the lodges, churches, schools, parlor, ani home conversation. antiwhile at work In factory or field. Write also to its about any detail in enter-Ing upon this work. If this program Is presed, u year from now we can callout of the fields, the factories, lnd tie nines between a million lnd two millionNegroes. wio will Imitimte tile true work of making Amnerlca a real "Land oftime free and home of the brave."

12 SEDITION, SYNDICALISMp SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

IThe Messenger, Thanksgiving number.)

TH*ANKSGIVING.

This Is tie 3lesengers Thunksgiving nullier, and we wl.qh to give thanks.We do not thank God for anything. nor io our tlhanks Include gratitude for thethings for which most lOrsons usually give thanks sit thil. period. With us wennr tiankful for different things aind to a different leity. Our deity Is thetoiling msses. of the world, itd the things for which we thank lire theirachleveients. What tire some of them?

First. We ire especially thmikful for the itiluan revolution, tie greatestachievement of the twentleth century.

Second. 'e are thankful for tile (lersin revolution, the Austrian revolution,the Hungirlan revolution, nid the Bulgarian revolution.

Third. We are thankful for the world unrest, which Ins nianlifestel Itself Intihe tltatle strikes which tire s-eepig and have bseenl xweepislg Great Britain,France, Italy, lhe iVsiteid States, Jplaln, and, in faict, every country il theworld.

Fourth. We tire thankful for tlie molidnrity of Inhor, for the growth of Ildus,.rill ulloisislU, for thes relegation of trailde-ulllolilsin, for lii triple illianes of

the ralliway, tranisport, sand Ilne workers Ili Engladil 11nil Asneric.Fifth. We tire especially thankful that ratilIlhi ll lis piileteid America.

giving rise- to lmilny of till' greatest strikes in history, . u(i Is ur present steelsrike alnd our lnijienilig ralroa l strike.

Sixth. We alre thankful for the tirst succe..ful general strike ilt Asnericel,which lifted its nwful head lawful tIo (apitilt) li .e*attle, W'lsl.

Seventh. We ire tlhanlkful for till' t"ew crowd Ilejro, who hIta. Iilen Ills In-fluelce, felt In every telohl-ecoilloille, political, so1i1l, eflutsiolinall, 1iald lhysicaliforce. Tie slew negro Inas lhees it tille froi ranks of strikes, lie hiss take nhi1 il4lllMS in Scilis8t lIoilies. He is sts integral part of nearly every greatsoelal iovemient. IIi tihe' i l of elcallon the fl ,,siger Mlgazine allt fileCrusader have lsecouie fixel parts t (lie life of negro Asiericansi, while theMeiss ,ger iltelprlts tilt ngro's new ioilnt of view to fairly 18,40) witereaders every snlonth. ()i tile Held of iliysiul force tie iegro la.% heen rightoil till Job for the protectli n of his hIon', is life. ailIl his loved one5,s. ThIll'Washington, (icagio, 1.lisgview, Knostxvlle. Blaine, susd )nialin riots art. brllitsiolts lis fhe liew sgro's tltlitule tsswalil tow dAiricin lavhlii,-z s iili lllrhy.'lley reiisvtvIli hew Il egrut lioll hig Ihe itily f ite liw sit lilotlhthe white hoidlinl4 s iansl 1 t,4 (loverimenet, Iite hlatte' of whili should have seellIlt lw wit. illehil.Eighth. %%' ire thainnkfsul for uhe fliainig litilllee if tie old erowil Isegs". ill

white leaders uil es chilly 1141iha41 t) see ftit- nleele l e ratehilt ntby wvhhh theirimver ailn11 lisluelee ire ilelisiig every dayl, will the siew lyse osf lieaderslhiliof the lienw crowd Isegro lt liealslll, iecme liular wilh tlit- isi."es In every noosk isilcorner (of fint world.

Lusily, we sire thankful for the lietly lincoingl of the new order of societyin which Thliksg-ivlsig will lie rileve l of its cynsleihn mil hyis 'risy, when

people ilsiy he thankful every ihay is tie year Isasteait or ifs siiw Ul0i lie dty,which Is iisirt, lli lianks thin real tisnllk,. 'rie sleephilg gliaut-laiisr-hanawakened, inl for th I here shoilldh lie tinsiks andl reJohlllg, lideed.

(The Melting i'ot, 1. louls, Mt., English nonthly an expoille of inirnallonal com-muil sm. May, 1IN9.1

TI 111 EXl'PIA)ITKI MA.,. OF AICk WA.

A woldh-wid criIsis % ul nl it1.flIII if tilt, ililil's oif Ie Worlh Will, 1lnt' ix-lk(, 1.I ri.iig list' world revolhl-

tilil.Tht xlohilte Ill-,e's of Euriie tire unllthsg 11I111 struggling for tl t linlslili-il

tio (f tlhelir chlisu.They tirt' ove.rturninsg tlroies, drIillsg thi irotl'inerhig classes fros lower,

Relzinig f1e rl'il.s of govelllnet. 111i11l eststlsillng working-eliss g4overiniellsis,to lie milltdi into one wvrking-cilas Ii.terllliion.

'Ther. ile ler'llillilI that till, iiA ' of ililtorship of ti(,l proliteelling (lil., Itsivllttlol ,if the tools of lsro uetion. for till ' purpose of exploliihin if the workerswho Olperate' thes e tols. shll eid aid hiat the age of workilng-cllass govern-

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. is

iiient, wvithm Its control of tile tools of jirotillctton fo~r tile piurposz of proiv1iig fortile worker, 1111( not for tile lprofiteersi, shall begin.

lit tits historic hour of %voihl-wwle, working-&class revolution yolt cll jiot-you shill not prove faithless to tile vall thatt shall burst your clitilis and14 gain)for yel it world.

Tile expuititeot inuises of Aniericat must an1d4 %ha]] staud shoulder to shld~uerwilli their exiitnittil couarmilte of l'uroie. hind-, relied tand hearts rt'solvedtht f lie wouE iii lam(Iis re'voltiont, itest iit' to br11ing IndcustilI ieiiiotraicy titrehei the wortl front thle tiirahioin (if walge slavery. shalno!ltt full lIn thishistoric hour, but $11111 airise Irilumphait over till the maitchinaiutionis anid 11cr-1141oo bus alitbadis. of thle p~rofiteerinug t'htiss.

Your brothers overseats tire ighting your battles, aire inakIng unldh stierikes,tire siedlilg their heart's lood.il Ititt thoe txildouit' Iiises of till countriesulolit e-coii free; they tire listenhing for your riillhii, resjiolseawaiting your fraternalbell); let yoiur oveits lhe hea~rdi; let your clas hlytilty heu express;ed lIn ietloti ; let liofaltering fti dte.r vout; hilt, uiili tunit uniompiiroising, suitliedI by therIgiittiuisuiesN Ef your eit'. may your wtchwtiordl liet tnwnurt to victory! ()in-ward tii it worldly reoheeineil from) tit' EII(titilrshlip of the pirofiteerinig clas.s!

Bound together lii umiireaitile honiitls, let tlit- t'Xpiolteii imzes of Amierimallke (lolillioli cuse with their exploited brothers of Elroile!

[The Soviet World. P'hladelphia, Ila., iulIshed by locn1 P'hiladelphia Socialist l'arty,Flp. 13, 1018, p. 2', vois. 2, 3.1

"NIX~lUTIEX N D ~I THE PRO'~tITAEIAT.

'file lrE litlirilit luit noi t oilly conidulict it rt'vdioltiliry hpit1iaugu1 1111.

To lll(ve, tiowai it revoluitioni does~ mntt necessarily lean to fix it date forltilit irrt'ctloii andl to) lireitirt fill tlip' (lily. You never (-lilt fix it dlay aind nithour for i re'voluitionl. 'Tit', iieeiik have inevter 1111141 it rtvolitioit by t'oiiiiit.

Whait till) lie ihiiiit' Is. III viewV of the fluttlyv itliendiIg vtaitroplit'. to (iloltlAttue 111415 miproorlite iiositlilliS to 11111 1104 Inlspire flhe imses with a revotluion.lily sligili), to leelil A11111lulilo~usly lill thle reserves i thep liel for hattie, toiake themll iiriitltN' hi tilt' lalt f fightiing. to keep them ready under airis, and11

to1 *w'flI lil liri till over the hunes whlen tlit' tit', hags arrived.Would thiat Illeit'ia serli's of exerc'lvi onlly andi lnt it decisive voinbat with

Yes;: thit woldb llieie lilie]it'uvtrs. Thtere' Is it ditferenee. however, lie-

tie iEoig.Erawni rt'viiiillilury worii. Mot onliy (-.l11 It lie so It mulst lit. 'F'lits-Is VoluchteoI for bly fltn lcuivtelt's oif tilet present judiilil SAtultoli. wich holds.5Ill its lehlhithli it trt'liliiu ildolso illit of revointlouliry t'xpiedveP.

tilie lilllt 111111 the revluitiiiiliy (011111,101t0-N (If tilt' tItiVOse. upon1 thle lit-lllnsil're Elf lolinhlir myliiaithly wvhichi tirroiiliEI themli. aiu 11111 tit- uttitiltitElf14 l1iii toPil- which ft- (li~lllli't Ilive.% ElgAitlist tilt% jlole.

Thosei thiret' ehetilelt% f sucess 111must determuinet our work Elf lirelirtithoni.h~t'~illtl~illr iettiint ul11151s a~'ill-t In 'xistt'l. We olughlt to tie 11ilde tol

&-all tiit'iii Into tflt' stiet lit at givt'ii tnie till over tie i' oiutry: we olughlt to lieItIii1 to 1illlto tililli by a1 gt'iieri slEoglill. rxTio m

iFeisAlidultus, Chicago. lit.. Hlugarian I. W. W extract from lrsii of Aug. 10, 1919,1). 2 , cots. i-L.i

EII'l V(*.TIEN.

'Flt' onily worthl-whlt' organlizationl of tin. shaves, worikinig lit the laniit-c oflte truis, Is tile' 1. W. W. It Is flti. orgaizai~tionl whict slrnath tilt' siit oftitiss soiilhllrity niuolk ft% siiij'. only tiite fltwt'lopliieut Elf this sloirlt lilikesIt Imissibie foll tilts workt'i tol ittitlili Ilinlfititt 1and gratlatil lrvlllt oftheir coillition., 11111 illilly. through comllete controll of tile Industries. theyshall bie hornls of their ownl dlestinly.

It i-- tit' 11111in IEIctiili of tlip revolitlfoil lry workers to iunite thep aves of[lie trusts ilitotile 1. W'. W. 11141 to ltted thleml undier Its iloluier to revtiioni 11111lit revoltioni to tritlllili.

14 SEDITIONp SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

(La Jaquerle (place of publication unknown). Nov. 1, 1919.]

Fight against Ignorance, against the lie of religion, against prejudice, andhate of race and nationality: tight against the dontluntlon of one class and thesubmission of another; fight against the present political and economical i.situtions; moral and practical preparation of the masses to tle adventuresof a society !in which everyone will have free access to the land. to riw ma-terials and working Implements. In such a manner that no one shall Ile com.pelled to sell the fruits of his labor and cause himself to be exploited by dmwho holds the means of producing and does not put then% in use directly by lie.himself working, and a society in which each Individual Is completely frvewithout anyone, Individual or coolperative, to foreibly'llilmpse ll will oln hint1.

Therefore:Abolition of capitalism, with Its system of production, created for the benefit

of a few and not to satisfy the neeIs of all, with the coneluent misery anddegradation of tie proletariat mass.

Aboltion of state, however concealed by its legislative, judicial, anti militaryInstitutions.

E.stablishIng of free conmmunes (anarchistle community) uilted voluntarilyIn brotherhood and cooperating with all the peoples of the earth. Anti prac-tically, on the day whien the Government will be overthrown.

Takei possession. on the part of the people tit rebellion, of all riches., dwellings,raw materials, and other articles and to be distributed among till, proportionateto the need and the quantity at disposal.

Confiscation of office, means of transportation, machinery, iind other workingImplements by the workers of the land, and imnedlate organization of pro-duction and exchange for the benefit of ill, In a manner always ready to bemodified and improved, judged best by those most Interested.

Rapid organization of public Instruction, open to all and tit till grades, ofmedical services and hyglctie, and for the most urgent benefit to tile territoriesin revolution, for the Increase of production, for the adaptatio of the needsand for the welfare of the community.

Organized resistence against the possible attempts of reaction to restoretile fallen r~gime.

Opposition to every attempt at the establishing of new governments, of newdespotic and oppressive organizations.

[ILa Frusta, Wilmington, Del., radical Socialist, February, 1919. p. 2, col. 3.1

LOOK OUT.

Comrades. workingmen, look out, shake off your traditional lethargy, shakehands, strengthen our lines, everybody to lia fighting post, not to be desertedby anyone, everybody to his duty, support our own forces.

Workingmen, do not forget that the hour of elevation of the proletariat hascome. Time tine of talk hits passed. We must act now.

Onward, against the economical, political, and religious tyranny.Workingmen arise, have no pity with those who have none with you.Long live socialistic Russia.Long live the social revolution.

SPAITACO.

(11 Refrattarlo, 311 East One hundred and slith Street. New York, N. Y., Italiananarchistic, November, 1919, pp. 1, 2, cols. 1, 3, 4.1

IN THE REIGN OF PHANTONS.

Socialism with its naterialistic prejudices. with Its visions of ail easy life.is the true doctrine of the masses. For this reason socialism is about totritnnph.

This is the gray background of the picture. Who detaches himself frontthe penumbra. Tile Individual anarchist. Anarchist, I say, because in myolilnon the anarchist is lie who does not obey hut his own law. This Is whythe atarchist is I.olated and not understood. This is why lie is a magnificentegoist and a formidable enemy. For this reason anarchy must open its wayby the use of bombs and machine guns, like Bonnot front a red automobile.And It must be a fierce battle, without quarter.

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 15

I expect nothing from the revolution. This Is for the multitudes. To-day asto-ilnorrow I must continue to assert myself, humanity will be my enemy. Ido not get my Ideas from the same source as the Socialists.

[Anarchistic leaflet.J

GO--HEAP.

The senile fossils ruling tile United States see red.Smelling their destruction, they have decided to check the storm by passing

the deportation lttw affecting all foreign radicals.We, tile American anarchists, do not protest, for it Is futile to waste any

energy on feeble-minded creatures led by Ills Majesty, Phonograph Wilson.Do not think that only foreigners are anarchists; we are a great number

right here at home.Deportation will not stop the storm front reaching these shores. Tie storm

Is within an1d very soon will leap and (-raish aind annihilate you in blood andfire.

You have shown no pity to us ! We will do likewise.And delort us! We will dynanite you !Eilher delort us or free all!

TilE AMERICA- ANARCIhIST.

(Cronaca Sovwerslva, Washington, D. C., Italian anarchistic, Issue of March, 1019. p. 2.col. 4.1

WnET YOUR ARMS!

If yoU believed in revolution, if It Is true, that you entrusted her with yourdestiny, that you Invoked her, thiit you have been waiting for her, whet yournarifs..

Bind yourself with pledges s thint the executioni of them will penetrate like*the lay e, of the lasting pasAlon.

Strengthen your haired, invigorate your blood, drop your tears., purge yourclothes of every stigma, every smut, every talent, every Ill, every corruption,every dishonor. Join the countless egloi of the deluded, of the rejected, ofthe parishes, the witnesses of martyrdom.

Pledge yourself to the inexorable common purpose, to free yourself, andto free labor from penury and from slavery, to liberate the mind from super-stition, the hearts from falsehood and from rowardice, to free the life frombondage and fromn blemish for a new baptism under the uncorrupted shieldof truth mid justice for the triumph and pride of liberty.

Whet the arms moulded in hatred, that they may not know fear nor mercy;the revolution is here.

Long live tile social revolution.

(Freedom. New York, N. Y., a revolutionary Journal (English anarchist), Mar. 15, 1910,p. 1, colt 1.1

WHAT KIIALL TlE ANSWER RE?

How long are we going tot tolerate the tyranny of lawnikers of this country?Are we going to stand silently by, while our eoifrades are being thrown aroundtie , ari like cattle?

Iy lfter day we see til- representatives of law and order, nianhaindlingtile agitators, leaders, nd lItellects off the revolutionary movementt. At thisvery hour, all unestitmuble number of our comrads tire heing, mutilated in theIllttlllolls of alilll lsil-while lit tile N-llie title couitle, thonlanhs ih, ]llll-tied. awaliting deirlation.

They are all comrades in the tight-they stailu solidified with one idela, viz.,"tile IIholition of the present order." Their tight Is our fight-we-e lire withthell I

Do you eahlliz that It Is essentially the duly (if tile working ililsses to over-throW every systell li whih the muaintenlallne of such vailts for one-fifth ofthe Population to lie dutifully employed its, stool-pigeols, spies, 111111s, dicks, aindblack-hand glligs.

16 SEDITION, SYNDWCATISIMS SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

11111l thlt revolution that will jurorie th(Ne fer-oiiu tmeams'ts Wii mo1re eon1-genial mspilrtionl..

'1'Ie exliiotiim of num iky wan inust ceaise! Andi iII order to) bring this tot: speuy terimlnlatiimm, we sumitl carry oil our firt-le.N anid fesmriess mgititlin,ilesllte tHeP ioiiing tind tt'rrorsim onl the part oif I h vermmiIts..

(birm ainiswer to yon anid your laws Is ms ioiiliu its ever, we' arts mimimrtiists,andii ai. stich we will proimgmte tile liliilimsi'iulmy f iiiizi1iliisii 1iiit1l Ilii t'stmmtisim'itmit f tme Froe %Socieiy 1is mssulivit.

Youmr Iiiis fi) licit piertuirbits-the umore lows you Illake, time welikei' tneeimue

You threaten us wiMilel ortili, we gladly mcppt your vimvllenge-whitt'simmre we art, rendy, noisi tter Wher' we gi-we tire muimrtIilst-s Juqt the- saime.

(lo'ermiuimts ire (ioernmnits, 1no mater whlere they t'xlst-3miiii It Is thedluty of every usirchist wherever lie urny be, to work fAir time mliilii ofsuc'h.

M~vt look your lirelijs fin thet fave manmi cluallemige tmemin to) deport its.

IKleb 1. Volia. New York, N. Y. Broad anid Frexionil, ttusslmtn Blsh~evik nna~rchitstic,Ap~r. A., 1919. p. 2, cols. 1-:1.1

STATE LAW ANDi ORDiER.

Thus im revodlutiOnl is 1ILmeedm'd! Top irote-t uts frii shavery, from pjre:siiimi,Yfront ime( meces.N~tt of mimiilmtion omf meiv, frti tOme rtelom flint fimleiws lih~id-shie-hed mmruht .1 change at time I-mit. fte lest rut Jll)oft (if ' torr(of things that iin-1gs, i'Vll-tlie ttestmtiilm (of plii'tmte plrily mi Stltit.

Anmi tip hime im right ft tiatihleJ jiem'ssomi 11111111ii1y without risk fill. ime revoimil-tioti, out, nust lie imercitess tiowmmtrds things mid iistItlit lomi-irst limivit pirop-'trly imimi her coiijrnilom, ftin Xtmme-imust he- 41tnlie ilwa*~' ill. Yes! Thie

cvi(.('N forftime i'ei'o~llthiim Is III thiut sit' falls. biiil not omil 1M.wm liut fill [istttimslintell im.V erevteii

Then'i itth 11m lrt' fiiieuir 's fof time stotman utist'! IA-t 11mm' t'm'.';mtiv JMIWe-develop. * * * Let thme stfirmi start.

I.Novy Mir. New York, N. Y.. BoIt-vis-lt raihleul., Jaim. 20. 1919, is. 2, cols. 1-7.1

FROMi~ i'i9MimAMi 1iF TIl M MNIST P'ARTY (11I~h.Sttril i.

'i'lii' unirty orftme plih'irat so) ih-eoihd flit- qejmtstimmm convmermmImij lii't ilt'm 'msiii* fuitf'eit- mmm141ii hum 0liwmi witimimi hIt' im't'i's of liv rinmi y. .% grent'm' itob-Ivin tuuhin i s lmefum'' liit.r limmmmy 11iiil that is Its lItm'I thimmmii lirfobleima. Ifi-tvime way Is i'htimr. Th'lis wily is. miivt'r.-ml suimirt ti) the lidart'im lal mevimtilai,smliport tim mepmtiim r i'i imuigi sirmik'ts andii umiimlslng.% III iiiiiet'imllstit

'lii 1, ii. p il41 (of flit- im t re'imlille i; mmmi u't-milindz I (lit. It Is iMe wiily piro.h'titi iit Sltt, orgitii III ii lt' Wuilm'idI mmmmmuiig 111-44111111'. IIm'gimi',11101mt Ouf III('IIlmmgeolIb;1 Tefr. Tlt ftfii'',iiiy It has mm mlIht fil-or mot-11om. It must lit' ltsiki'iiati is nit 6i tiiiii't if III'. wtoi'li's Ii'Vih'Iiil'hu stimiggm' 1tgmimst l111. uviii'hmts11iimmmgMISIPsu. ThlIt' s41igi111 f this st m'mmJ.gle I. c~li'ar. 'Tlitlv i''imilmim si'gmm of1ims tiigli Is " tls mt'mmtlii il viet m'viimi11lii."

'T'e iivi'm'h1fo hii or~ lm'ilmlst :1IS1' (bothwrmmmmms thrmi u n tami'meii uioisiig amidhet' olirgmizaihl olf mmii imteri'imimlia relluibik' iof stiil' is fiil' wily lemmtillifm"towiiri flit mtrimutie iminl ihlsttmtorsllli fof 1Mob wirkimig ('hiss.IThe One Big Union Monthly, ('tit'mgo. Ill., oft-icil 1. W. W. pulcautionz, M.%ar. 1, 101%.

p'. 2. vot. 1. 1

TIM .t IE I IiM14Ai'Y.

Tme SfK'IillSt revlultionl ('ummeg litu'ulmst iiit'm't Is4 a rift tfo c'imses-hmstt'dthrough fln- lmm'mrt fof 41ttm lift'. II comaes Ilecalise there is ai tige-bung vo)iiiletlttmvet'i flt' n1Uiash'S 1amid lime liutlmmrlmtt. it is hit' (iti f tis t'immtil'.

N timilst rt'vummiists flii limit, likeb fit'- pimrlianmitim lilts. denly thme ciumihil1ci.They doo nmot siiftem Its itilimic. Ratherr. timey mieeoit' Its hlits; timey imtrmiiemm itsebminulit's; they. 94e1 thmemimSeIVx hit' goalmi t the iiexmrmlh' ]ii mli fit' world there,ire only tw'it i'hiss-s--iii. ilprtssel imi them ojilir'ssiirs. Theiy stimmmli Mit oil.

ia-ews )i t tfrmu-'less, warmm. Snmell Is Meit spirit if tin' tSoe-iist revoldutionists.Slmeim Is tlmms spirit ii! fIt' I. W. W.

1,lu 4iml 1ua V.msm'.

SEDITIONp SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 17[Kileb I. Volha. New York, N. Y. (Bread and Frcdom). Itusslan Bolshevik anarchistic,

Apr. 3, 1019. p. 4, cols. 1-3. Translation No. 3.1

TillK DAMSINED TRINITY.

State--It I, Ite rule of ai few over the majority. Tio .ystlemm of it State Issuch tliat thrigh grft, tIlS'OuhgI time stll yiln' g h.ylpnotisiI of reli Ioll, tlllelastly Ilir*ogih _omserpiltiohi the entire iopuiilmtlaoln Is being lragged in to fightlagilli.st Iltself.

'riTe real cause (of the war) wits lhe samimne-4111IM 1d trillity: f1li1it ilw).owitershils, luld Stale (rule-Imower) Ili tit- imm t' of whldh Ilvolle go omi killingleach other turnilng limt wr hl Whiclhi ium IhemItllolid toll m111i 'sweat 111a1 al lif ruills.The pl'ole haive begun nit lt to understand that ilie obstlach, to freedom aid

lisimlios.e1 s to their Joy elf life ire tI.se three Instituloins. h'iher'fore they mustbe thriwin dowti anid their very rosts nmust le extracted.

Their lmoolS have lolng enmulim been h el feeing (il th, blood ,of our forefathersauil fallie s. It is our lisk 4 or rather it great honor to defeat this nmio.strosity.this dilmmd trinity to imilfihlate It and scatter its dusl to tie wins.

IPowi with rights! lMown with owinersiip! Ilown with the 'tlte! IA, tIhlSbe flit- death of tihl. three-lvaldel niisler. 1,t live aiarchism! It is itumiarehmy that huaniammty will fid ltimppinc'-s and eternal well-beming.Illus lir, New York, N. Y.. Estholan radial Socialist, Apr. 11. 1010. L'ublished

translatlom No. T.1

OUR FLAG.

Or flig Is r'dI. It l tile Ihlag of tile life, it bit battle thig, iel a. the blloold,hill ais f liii loul. Tile blood of tlose who have died ill time battle for libertyhave made it ri lt I'd. Ni, It shines as tie Iline.I', time lorigands lf aill flit lands comue With theIr wile. violet-yellow, rod.

blue, yello'-lihick, or gr'ein lag.They slandl not for tite Ibrollierhoil of tie lilliml hut for time hositlltles.

Tiey call not for lte uion bill for division. None of their tlugs -all beouiime tlheflag (of ll tihe lievllhs.

Oily tile fhag of tile Ilmhusui 48oliilist felerative soviet republic calls mill tep-ille to uite lho it aIreat ilVViNrsl 1mn1Omi (Of tile workers, where there wouldbe ino war a1n(d wiitmre everyone mIght wvork flm litl 'm accordllg to is Ililits and

Our flag Is mot lte hlg of these billimlld by their rulers, wimo ltigit inot igaiisttie iltes btill time house, of tlite lor.

I~llrsr--tiinirelT ! Te soldier elf it, red irimiy I !o yo)u p l. thiat oirree llag will lesinie time ailing lf till the world?Y.'i., youn wi.4h illt. 'A'ie hiild your lhg; ulefemd It: din' mot let It fill ; ih imot

dtslmil- it ly votitrlillie andl ilifli'.Youll wtorke~r anld lieaill. hold firmlly lt ritlh idl remembeilir tluat you deofend

tile ml batle flg!St Iep flurther" brlylli idq sllig flilt- iouil l till l it,, wtor~, flit- sillllg (if tile

rel tiattlh flag! UIeiundml our .simg mis mimghly wind, It, thunder over lite world IUlifold liroudliy tour ting over fi ti' toillhig IKeile; call tme lmroies to tile battle!11Ow lbrlght It wiii lililk he ti islmd f oimr bmthers !

Itemiemlher wlire that Ihig Iles there limits time red llimie of revllt.It iI5 go after time red fhlg!hiravely mmnd ihringly forward!(Fromi lml' ltrhe liiimallt i f lite wiar deilamrlit, li of tme eitral executive m.

lltitee (if tie xovhet government.)

lThe Itevoluloary Age, Bo oton, Mn1s., oeit'hl orgain of time left wing SocIlalilts. Feb. S.1910. p. 1, Col. :.1

YOU Willt) ARE OUT, A !

Your limrioditlS oiratls lie l ll i S yo too act iot for iemmi, but for lierevolutionary struggle. Timey lleii ul lam tis struggle. They will Ilis strug-gi,-iecem,sary IlUll relent less, beiuli mUl Inispirinmug.

We mumst dart. We must is ime the revolulhmmiry tcilllemee Iicomiprom iingly. 'fTiere tire yoSulr Ilmirlisned ismmrl.mes Imlore-Inlnltely uiore-tilere, Is

155709-19-stmi 10--2

I05 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Russia and our own crisis; there Is the Internittlonal prolelarim revolutiom-all Inisst 1ll)ei atiol. We llust 1 1111le (lilt Ilk 0limleige tio Cil|)tallisin, lut alsoto our own Compulaciey, to oui1r oln Ilaetioln, to oulr own policy of liesItailon.Fearles. and miggrt.sive lit uill lihigs; seornimg lhimhIlly anm) con.%.juenes.

We lmust dare, you aid 1, vomrades. W - lust net, creatively kind dynilylall-cally.Break lte Iron ha., Oh, coaurades-the Iron lars of our prisons, of your

fears amnd ireJudlct-s, of moderatte " S ochilsis ." of capIthllsmm!lBreak-and then wt shall bull alew, finely mind l1nimnmly.

LOUIiS C. FRI\INA,

Essv..r Opmnltnl Jail, ,Vetrark, N. J.

(Roblinyk. New York, N. Y.. Ukrainian radical Socialistic Bolshevik, official organ leftwing branch 1oclallst Party, Gireater New York, Apr. 7, 1910. p. 2. col. 1.1

BOLSHIEVIK.

Ill spite of lite fuel. that time revoltlhammiry s04a1l1st iimovemuenmt has emnhracednearly nil of .uroie an1ld promises soon to alppear also in Asia and in Anierhea-the lomrgtelsh, b. still deldig Itself with tie hope that it Is only temporary,that It is a " tran sltim n l phase," and that tile reigns of governmental powerwill finally romie Into their hands hli ail c umtries.This Is. evidently, letter for us workers, for, we will suddenly surprise them

and destroy them. We have nothing against tile baldness of time lmurgeolsleandii) either do we expect mnythimig else frontm theI. ItBeelit til% homrgeoslewhich Ineluhs lawyers, priests, physicians, writers, mierehants, etc.-has the

Me l allt mis a jostltuitt, she sehs herself to tie omue Wil pays ilot uoimey.

(New Yorker Volkszeltung, New York. N. Y., German radical Sociallst, Nov. 10, 1910.p. 4, col. 1. Com. Labor Party.]

wAR is DECLARED.

The wholesale deportations and arrests are it new weapomi in the war ofclasses, a weapon which will not miss Its purpose of confusing the iniasses asto tie real object and ahim of lhe radical lahor movement.

Sooner than we lnd expected the meniber of time communist movement arethereby put to tile test. Have we grown to the demands of the new era? Willwe ag revolutionary fighters take up the gauntlet which lins been thrown down?Shall we let ourselves be dismayed by measures of force taken by myrmidonsof capitalism? Or shall we here, too, do a part of what we expect and demandof our conmramles over there, cost what It lmy? War Is declared.

STATEMENT OF MR. JAMES A. HORTON.

Mr. HoRTo.N. Gentlemen, during the war I was connected with thePost Office Department in the enforcement of the espionage and thetrading with the enemy acts. When the armistice was signed ourinterest along that line was devoted mainly to the examination ofradical literature. The propaganda which was aimed at the Gov-ernment, to hinder or hamper it in the prosecution of the war, hadmat'erially lessened tit that time, and when the armistice was signedthe radical element throughout the country appears to have acceptedthat as the signal to come to life again aud renew their activities ona broader scale than was ever attempted before.

Since the signing of the armistice, as Mr. Byrnes has said, I havehad brought to my attention 60 newspapers published in variouslanguages, devoted to the cause, of radicalism, which have been estab-lished since that day. I don't know how many more there are: Iknow there are more, but that is the number that has been broughtto my attention so far. Now, at the outset, I want to impress uponthe committee here--

SEDITION, SYNDICALIS51, SABOTAGE, AND ANAROHY. 19

Mr. MORoAN (interposing). Where are those newspapers located,principally I

Mr. HonToN. They are located all over the country, particularlyin the northern part, from New York to Seattle. There are not verymany in the south.

Mr. MORoANX. How many are there in New York City, do'you re-member about?

Mr. Hoirox. How many have been established in Now York City?Mr. MooM;AX. Yes.Mr. IlonTO.. Xo; I can't tell you. I can tell you from my record

here, however.Mr. Morox. . I thought the most of them were up there.Mr. lloimnx. I imagine about 25 are established in New York City.Mr. ,MoIAN. I thought the larger number were in that city.Mr. ilonro.. Yes; but they are also found in Minnesota, Ohio,

Washington-in fact, all over the northern part of the country.As I was saving, I want to impress upon the committee the fact

that this is not a national movement; it is international in its scope.The Bolshevist or radical revolutionary' movement. you might say,can be traced back to what is called tfie Third Intei'national Coimi-munit congresss , helh in Moscow in Marcih, 1919. It was assembledat the call of the congress of the communist party (Bolsheviki), heldduring the latter part of January, 1919. in which they sent out a callto all the radical elements throughout t he world, and I want to readyou some of the statements contained in that call for the revolu-tionary international congress that convened in March, 1919:

(First section.]

AItMs A. 1 TA TICS.

In our esltniahtio, tile it(eptittne of tite following princllec shall serve asa working program for the international:

1. The actual period Is the period ot the dissolution and collapse of the wholecapitalist systeili.

2. Tile first task of the proletariat consi-ts to-day of the Immnediate seizureof government power, substituting lit Its place tile power of tile proletariat.

3. This new governmental apparatus must incorporate the dictatorshilp ofthe working class and iII soit lace. also that of the poorer peasantry, to-gether with hired farm labor, this dictatorship constituting the instrument ofthe s.vstematic overthrow oftthe exploiting classes.

4. The dictatorship of the proletariat shall complete the Immediate expro-priation of capitalism and the suppre.slon of private property In means ofproduction, which Includes, under socialism, the suppression of private prop-erty and its transfer to a proletarian state, under the sociallst adninlstrationof the working clah, the abolition of capitallt agricultural production, tilenationalization of the great business firns and financial trusts.

S. In order to lisure the social revolution, the disarming of the bourgeoisieand its agents and the general arming of the proletariat is a prime necessity.

[Second section.]

ATTITUDE REGARDING SOCIALIST PARTIES.

7. 'lThe fundamental condition of the struggle is the mass action of the pro-letarlat, developing into open armed attack on the governmental powers ofcapitalism.

zu SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Now, in that call, after enumerating various radical groups intile European countries, it includes the following in America:

33. Tie S. L,. 1'. (U. SH. A.) ; 34. The elements of tihe Ieft wing of tMe Alikerhettno1allst Party tendencyy i'lre 'lit, l hby E. V. lM-h4. aind 1he Socliflist Pi'oaa

galula IA',gue); 35. 1. W. W. (Industrial Worker of the tWorhl), Anerlca;30. The Workers International Industril Uniot (1'. H. A.).

Mr. IvsmED. Under existing law, can't publications of that kindbe 'stoppjedIr. Hoiro.. I don't see how. The only law to-day that is hold.

ing them in check is the espionage act.Mhr. GOODYKOOTz. Husiit the Postmaster generall plenary power

to stop stuff like that front going through the trails?Mr. HORTON. I don't see where his power is.Mr. GOODYKOOXTZ. Ilasnt he exercised power along that line dur-

ing the war?Mr. HoRToN. Under the espionage act; yes.Mr. (oooYioxTZ. The espionage act is still in force, isn't it?Mr. HowroN. Yes.Mr. GooDyKooNTz. Why isn't he enforcing it?Mr. HOuTON. It is being enforced. The espionage act, however,

was a war measure and it is a mighty hard proposition to secure'aconviction in peace times under a war-time statute.

Mr. N.ELY. And the war will probably end soon.Mr. Hoaox. Yes.Mfr. YATE9. Doesn't the espionage act specifically provide for

things like this?Mr. HORTON. I don't believe there is any provision in the espion-

age act covering matter of this character.Mr. BYRNF-4s. If I may suggest to the committee, the situation is

this: Tie department has now pending two test cases for that verypurpose. Tie truth is they haven't got very much confidence in it,because all of the provisions of the espionatge act ari based uponthe doing of those things which will interfere with the carrying onof hostilities. That is clearly the purpose of the act. If you wouldrefresh your memory by reading it, you would see that any couit'would be kexceedingly slow in giving a conviction under that act,and we are afraid that the two test cases they have pending will re-suilt in acquittal.

Mr. TusTED. Can't you get an injunction under the espionage actto restrain the publication of matter like that?

Mr. Houorox. I don't know. That has not been tried out.Mr. Bows. Why do you want to take any chances on that sort of

a paper? W

Mr. HUsTrE.. I don't think we should. I want to find out whythese publications are permitted to go through the mails at thepresent time, if there is any means of stopping them.

Mr. Howrox. If the committee will let me continue this I willoutline briefly what happened at the meeting of the Third Interna-tional, in order that I may connect up various organizations now inexistence in America.

The Third International met in Moscow in March, 1919, and rhave before ine the manifesto of what is known as the Communist In-ternational, signed by Lenin, Zinoview, Trotzki, Platten, and Ra-

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHIY. 2

kovsky. I believe those men at that time, if not nlow, were all in thonilnistry of thle soviet public.

Mr. MR An A(Iwhalt is this you hatve ill your haind?M r. Iloirro-.x. This is the nianffesto, of the Coimmunist Interna-

tionial.Mr. M i.x.where did I-oul get it?Mr. Iloitrox. It wits printed in The Truth, published in Didluth,

Mlill').All. MORIGAN. What (date?

Mr loirrox. Theisu of July 18.Mr. AMoim. How (10 J-'o know~x that is authentic?'Mr. 1hojTO-. This is thte same manifesto that hlas been p~rinlted in

a great many of these publications. I (lInit know wihtt mom11 proofwouldi be r~jieml than that they aWccpt it, as the program underwhich tile%- ore Working.

It is stilted that tit'. text of this manllifesto wats received( dlirctLfronit Moscow, mid is addressed "T~o, the proletariat of all counl-tries." li order that thlt comimiittee may have before it, the omtstand-ig feature.,; of this manifesto, I will rcah the most import At j)rtsIii the Second paraigraphl of thlis mnanifesto is tile following state-mnent:

1

WVe (1ItImillst. itjiotttiii' cflihp revol lit flennryv prolariat of tile dit-ferent counes of Eu~ie ~n'itttu Ao.t t1550111111(l ill soviet Mloscow, feel

amid 1lmmnheer urselves filihuwers tumnul fullilleut of tipe program proclainmeud 72years ango. It Ix our tusk noew to stun tip tie paital revo it len ry expert-once of flie working elimis, toe eumnse tie mo~ve'ment oIf Its adliixture.4 of oppor-ttunism idi11 sincitti jittriotuii. tilt] toI gitietr together tint forces of till tipe truterevolullnartiy inoietarmrii inmle-s lit order ten further a114 liamten tine comptlietevictory of the commnielst revolution.

Further onl I find the following statement:Wherevi-r flit- inumws ut tiwiken-i to conslomsne&-, workerss. sold len', amid

l*e-attk lls,441ili will lhe forimted. To foify these counlhts, to tItcemise theiritiilliloihly. toa oelmeib thiecmu to tilt- 4 ui 1l1la Ill fl te Iliagolls~4-le, Is 11(w tilehilef task uuf tINe eiiseeis land boi neest worked, ouf till couiil'I'. fly meamis

lit tiltim. 4-41110iiill ie wverkij, class vmt couilteritI111 thtillorgan~litatlilt whichiintis iscein lbrought lnitt 11ly the ifitriti mnigmiiisln (if tine wtkr. by hunger, by tilevoilen 11441% isf lilt- iie-SPsiln ulis'.tnd by flt-e lietayol olf ftIr formerieadiiCw. lBy ineauis of tne'se comItnls ft working vlw~g will gin power lii tillcoietri~s moset readihly a1111141 est 4eeniuinniy1. wil'mt-ise esauteilsl gtin tile sup-lpo)rt oft flie itneily oif the iteluoring i0l11)1l1:l11loi1. im lels olf these (Soliel8sthe working elitiss. once :mtlainlmng l~aeor,' wvill c111 mcii all tlie field (if teoiioiiica11d culfunin life, as, lit sovIet itu'shi.

'l'cenlhliuse of tint- jipereltiv le itte, e741n151 le tenimst democratic, goesp~1Sit tl')ti Wvili tile vo4113t11ec tffine Inmerialistic~ nilliteiry Nyst'i1. TinearznhN oft milion..i. Itidlilii'ed iny roumlermiidi (1 141 i:iltt steadtfast ontly --0loing. Its tit-. loltitrtminitln l11111144 11M1111 nder ft", yoke mif tine bourgeoisie.The co(le~t~~te irt'1k410wit of ietiinal mitty sIgnnitleA tilo till Inevtablle ditte-gratloe oif tine army. Tius It Itanlilettel first lin Ru.Iii. then hit AuMlla-hlungtiry,then fit Germnity. 'rhe samnie tilsen Im to tioo ('xltett'el it, other lnisrllsic '.ttites.Insurrec*tionm of tlime liet-uints tagatiinst line Iletdowtier, of lbhorer agilust caimtttdI-st,

of both uginiat tflu- mtomlticli or1 ditmiocrittte "l bur ermey. nitst, lead In-evilly to tile inisurrectioni of soldieri angaitist comandiuer', anid. fuirthermore, to nShtarl) eivisto(11 between ft- llletriml i and hmou rgeois elements within thearmy. Tile tmperitihlstte wair whidch pitted uniooim galeust nation t u him seItid Is passlng Into thee civil wair wiclin ues il cliss against cas

Tine outcry of tipe bourgeois world ingalmt tile civil War and thip rmd terrorIs tine most colossal nylioerl-y of wichin fli story of plitlt1 struggled catiboas~t. There would be no civil wvnr If thle exploiters who have carrIed nuinkindto tile very brink of ruin hnad not prevented every forward ;;tell of tlie laborig

SEDITION, SYNDTCALISM0 SABOTAGE) AND ANARCHY.

masses, If they had not Instigated plots and murders and called to their aidarmed help from outside to maintain or restore their predatory privileges. vCivil war is forced upon the laboring classes b.% their arch enemies. Tie work-Ing class must answer blow for blow If It will not renounce Its own object aindits own future, which Is at the mane time the future of all hunnity.

The communist parties, far front conjuring up civil war artificially, ratherstrive to shorten its duration as much as poss ble--in case It has become at,Iron necessity-to minimize the number of its victims, and above all to securevictory for tile proletariat. Tills makes necessary the disarming of tile bour-geoisie at the proper tine, the arming of the laborer, and tile form itlon of acommunist army as the protector of the rule of tie proletariat and tile inviola-bility of the social structure. Such Is the lied Army of soviet Russla whicharose to protect the achievements of the working class against very assaultfront within or without. The soviet trmy is inseparable from the soviet State.

The concluding paragraph of the main part of the manifesto, inwhich the task of the International Communist Party is set out, isas follows:

Spmrning tile half-heartelness, hylris.y, and corruption of the decadentofficial Socialist parties, we, the Comnunlsts nieinlllled i tie third htiernia-tional, feel ourselves to be the first sucvmsors of lite heroic efforts and martyr-dons of at long series of revolutionary generations from lBalenf to Karl Lleb-kneiht tid Ito.zat Lu. beulnmrg. .As the first interntit tonal foresaw lite future41eveloliiiiellt tI114 polited tile way; its the second Interintllolsnal gathered to-geltier and organized inillions of the proletstrlins. so the third intertllonalis the Internatioal of open nai. action of lilt. revolutionary restlizalol, iheinternational of deals. Socialist trlhlsnlll lists slllilently siignllalizedl thebourgeois worl order. The tisk of tie Internatlonal Communist Party isnow to overthrow this order 1l1 to erect In its place the striitire of tie.cinli.t world order. We urge (he working nten and wonten( of all countriesto) utite utnler lte (olittiti.t banner, lile etlileiii Uliler which (lie tir't greatvictories havo already been won.

Proletarlants (I! til (omtrics! In lile iwar against imperialistic barbarity.aigaitist ilionarilhy, tlgasilast lilt privhlh'goel ll.a:is, llgatllst tile bourgeois stiste aindbourgeois property, tigainst all forins und varletles of .oclsi nvitiotnail o-pre ,slon-nilte I

Under tlit standard of liet workien's vtnticlls. unher lilt' lamsiier of lite thirdInterliatlonal, li the revolutiolnary strlaggle for power aid lilt di lllttoitip ofthe proletariat, proletrians of ill countries unlll!

The second part of this ntatifesto contains the program of theConi1nist International, the first four paragraphs of which readas follows:

PROGIBAM.

The new era lrins begun I The era of tie downfall of caplialisl-l-ts Internaldisintegration. Tie elw.li of the iroletarian communist revolution. In somecountries, victorious proletarian revoitition; Increasing I'evolutloiiatry fertmcntlit other lands; uprisings lit the colonies; utter capacity of tie ruling classesto control the fate of peoples any longer-that is the picture of world condi-tions to-day.

Humanity , whose whole culture now lies In ruinst, faces danger of completedestruction. There is only one power which can save It-tie power of theproletariat. The old capitalist "order" can exist no longer. The ultimateresult of the capitalistic mode of production is chaos-a chaos to be overcomeonly by the great producing class, the proletariat. It Is the proletariat whichmust establish real order the order of communism. It must end *.he domina-lon of capital, Ilske war inpossible, wipe out State ioundaries. transform litewhole world into one cooperative cotmonwealth, and bring about real humanbrotherhood and freedom.

World capitalism prepares Itself for the final battle. Under cover of lite'league of nations" sind a deluge of pacifist phrase (?) iaongcring, n desperateeffort is being made to pull together the tumbling capitalist system and todirect Its forces against tle constantly growing proletarian revolt. This mon-strous new conspiracy of the capitalist class must be met by the proletariat

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 23

by seizure of the political power of the State, turning this power against itschss enemies, and using It as at lever to set it motion the econonfie revolution.The final victory of the proletariat of the world means the beginning of thereal history of free mankind.

THE CONQUEST OF POLITICAL POWER.

Seizure of political power by the proletariat means destruction of the politi-Cal power of tile bourgeoisie. The organized power of the bourgeoisie Is inthit civil state, with its cailtllistle army under control of bourgeois-Junkerolllee.rs, its police ntld geuitarinps, Jailers,, itld judges, its liritsts. governmentoflichitls, etc. (:orquest of the ixilitleal minwer means not merely a change Inthe persoinilel of ninilsirles but annliffilation of tile enemy's apparatus of gov-ernment ; disaratinient of the honrgeoisle. of the coititerrevoit lotirnary officers,of th White Gunrd; arming of the iroletarlat, the revolutionary soldiers, theRed fluard of worklngitien ; displacement of all bourgeois judges nd organiza-tion of proletaral courts; elinlation of control by reactionary governmentofficihls and substitutlon of new organs of management of the proletariat.Victory of the proletariat. Victory of time proletariat consists in shatteringthe enemy's organization and orgaizing the proletarian power; lit the de-struction of tiln' Ixmrgeols and upbniidinlg of the proletarianl state aipparaltit.

Not until the proletariat has achieved this victory and broken the resistanceof the bourgeoisie can the former enemies of the new order be made useful bybringing them into aceord with its work.

Further on in this program I find the following statement:The breakdown of the canpitalistle order ttd the disrullion of capitalistic

industrial diseiline amkes hnposlhile time reorg.lllzatioln of lrodulellon oil thecapitalistic basis. Wage wars of the workingmen--even when succes.ful-do not bring the anticipated betterment of conditions of living; the workerscall only become emancipated when production Is no longer controlled lby thebourgeoisle hut by the proletariat. In order to raise the standards of pro-ductivity, in order to crush the oplposition on tile pfrt of the bourgetdsle(which only p.olongs the- death struggle of the old r~ginme and thereby Invitesdanger of total ruin), the prolearlan dietattor.hill malst carry out the ex-portation of the greater bourgeoisie and Junkerdom amd convert tile means ofproduction aoul distribution into tle Common Iiroperty of tie iuroletarin state.

Conanisu Is now being Wirne out of tIh, Iuins of alitaluismn-there isno other salvation for humanity. Tile oplwrtunistn s who are nminkhig utollhandemands for the reconstruction of tile economic system of capitalism, so asto iostllone socialization, only delay tihe lroce szs of disintegration and Iiereasetite danger of total demolition. The communist revolution, oin the other hauld,is th best. tile only means, by which the most inloritnlt smuhal lxwer of pro.ductloit-the proletarat---(im lie saved, nud with it society Itself.

The way to victory is pointed out in the following language:

The revolutionary era tonpels the proletarlat to* nuake use of the meansof battle which will comenitrate its entire eniergtes, namely, minass action, withits logical resultant, direct conflict with tile goveritntental t.alhlnt-ry in ope icombat. All other methods. such ts revolutionary use of bourgeols iuarlia-ntettitrisut, will be of only secondary significance.

The manifesto concludes as follows:

The capitalistic erIminals asserted at tile beginning of the World War that itWas oly In defense of In( Conion F'atherland. But soon (erntiun inill'riallinrevealed Its real brigand character by Its bloody deeds it Iusia, in the It kraine,anod In Finlmnd. Now, the Entente States unmask themselves as world despoilersand murderers of the proletariat. Together with the German bourgeoisie andsocial patriots, with hypocritical phrases about peace on their lips. they aretrying to throttle the revolution of the European proletariat by means of theirwar machinery amnd stupid barbarle colonial soldiery. Indeserihable Is thewhite terror of the bourgeois cannibals. Inealculable are tile sacrifices ofthe working class. Their best-Ltebkneeht, Itosa Luxemburg-they have lost.Against this tha proletariat must defend itself, defend at any price. Thecommunist international calls the entire world proletariat to this final struggle.

Down with the Imperial conspiracy of capital !Long live the international repiblle of the proletarian Councils!

24 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Now, gentlemen. I wish to take the time right now to connect upsome of the revolutionary organizations that are ill existence in thiscountry to.day. and show you that they are followers of and advo-cate tie prbciples which have been hd down in this manifesto ofthe Commmunis. International. In order to give you comprehensiveview of the situation I might state that. the So ialist Party hehl anemergency national convention at Chicago on September 1, 1919, asa result of agitation within the party to conpel it to assume a morerevolutionary basis, and this convention resulted in the withdrawalof the extreme radical elenitnts in the paly. and tile formation oftwo new parties. fnder tlhe names of the (ommunist Party. headedby lrama. Fergu.s0n. mind Iiuthenlmrg; and the ('mmnun,,t LaborParty. headed by nagenkne.ht. ('arnev. Gitlow. John Reed. andvarious others. ioth these new parties held conventions in Chicagoimmediately upon their withdrawal froiui the Socialist Party. andadopted manifestos and drew tip party constitutions. These lattertwo pirties have definitely accel)ted tile lfalnifesto and programui ofthe Coininuuist fiternati('mdl. as I will show you froni their owndoenimenls, and it is m" understanding that. tile Socialist Party isnow taking a referemhmmn vote among its members on the questionof afliat ing with flit .so-calhtd third inhernatiomdl.

I have before tie a copy. of the September 27. 1919. issue of tho( 1onannm1ist. tile national organ of the Commmnist Party. polishedat. Chicago. Ill.. and I desire to put. into the cord the followingstatements from the " Communist. party manifesto'" as adopted andiiued by the convention of the Comm'unist Party. the introductionto which! reads as follows:

'rie world Is in lit' verge, Ef it new ert. Rairulle i Itn revolt. Tite ml esof ,\sil sirestirrim, unileasily. 0ijiltulisnm Is Ili (ollalse. The workers of fileworld tire x'eivng 1 Iimtw IfI' idlu] sei-irlig new ieourage. Oit of tile nigftof war IN (4ulli. inew (lay.The 141 .41-ir iif" iEllmllll i lllill ll filtp world Ef llilaliimn. (0'umuiumlll milllsl, liteil " lil t, W llkt',4 tll t, i ut th r i.sry lutu lllll' SiE..slil.'ie ,vi'rkl'm if 11tvisl l l l mim ltIv , li rlt fllit of iliternialli)lm al c llitil l I 1 " ilfill.

perlillsm. Thmey I oliekt' ilt- chi.Ilu.. of 1il1' terrible war: anlld i11 lit' it lst ofu1g'mi y. stll.V.111 4III . 111111 I l' M ilat.k fo" t'tljiiillmis of tilt' worll. ilou aire er', it-illy. It P ! MI1'% 1 . 41i11 10dt'.

Tihe4 thi.". Wamr rages ii'r .tIy ili ail misthoil s. lverwir' liMe wonker,4 irt- hi1i fih'.lK'rsit' . ril'l ' :ugtllisl their ta.liizui't ml:mste'rs. 'lhe' etill 1) litrhim Ias

coe.' , "ii' writ-wrk'rs I1nit IIIlsWr lilt' (alli.'Ti'it 'onimmilst li'arty of .m rIm'ie'm is. lit' parly of ite working vhim. Tie

(11111111ti.4t I1ilrly Il'wl, .t's to imlli c 'lillllisllii mid1 oirgmlize it winr'trs' imhustIrltlreluile. Tie, wilktr-z milU.st emolmrol Ilistry m ) IIsIN.i, olf tilt proid'elmls ifIndehustry. 'Tilt- ('hollmmunlist IParly I. a i1 rlylalizlng hn t iltollti-iq. (of till ex.Isilg wirrtllkt' alir i rrl llli e., atimi INl1li4l.t'.- IE di'Vt'itll timt' re'villlimtiry oImlt.-nuelut mit-es .ty too fre tle workers fr'om tit oplhres.'.om Elf t'fllilllals.m. 'rimeC('nmmmimmiist Pairty ilimk'4 I!lit nt llrioll. if tlip Alum-'ricuml wriktrs arire Men-tletl with tie lleil'Imms of iip wtirkrs Elf the world.

Tile part constitution, its adopted by tile convention of tie Cont-munist Party. contains the following )rovisions in regard to ienli-lbersblip:

1. N I: ANID PITRl'OS.

SFItTION. I. 'fimt' 1 ituim' (if this orglmtltl|l slmli I, lle (Inlllflommust hi rl ofAuae'ri:m. Its snrlio.e s lil lie lte elucahemnile iOgllommi7atollli of time workingeliss for time eoklallihi, it 1)f tilt dttishlill El tim hlrletariat, lte aboll-tion of tie (,llihllist mysteill, tummel time t-tbli. imeut of tlie communist society.

SEDITION, SYNI(AL1-SwM, SABOTAGE, AND) ANARCHY.

i8ixTON 1. Evvryi lwi1.st6Wii netl tilEt- oruep. e n ftut .. oi ... t Com.-

uiiutii11t Party 111141 tile (oiinuiist lioteru:utloi lid iigreet: ill vigit ntivelyhI flip wfork uof tilt inirly iltijll 14', eiglhsle to) neulrslIt Ist t(lie All: lf lits4orgatitizattiti tli have Ili its ranks .oly those Wil.li 1.11-110141t.' actively Ill Its

Sm~i. 2. .AjijoIleutits fill inwanhirship shasll Ai till iijijith-iti bt uaroI reathhog it.s

roo11uiw: ."Tile ugietshgimmI. tifter haiivtij, readl tilt tt'imtllitiii id. iVeimttof tie ('011111111111A Par11ty, th-lestl. iktuulierenve lot Ihut jiritehilt-, imiu Intilemipr lilt pa:rly imil tlie ( e ist ik t ibriliti 111 agrr Ito suhit i tlt% ilk-(dis11a1t. (f Owe jisuirl u t. .4 l I ts i-41iistituitiit. 111661 pledges lhimst'I it) Ingilge

.shly lit It-, iirk.**

Ille?1' Sta1t(eents. genItl len.,, lol( 111111 alnything I Ctall J)5.'sibly;1~,defliitely ality'i this paiitv wit the third; internal tonlal tiideri ettder-slip (if I r-otski -mid Lenin.I have before fie at -oily (if the Ohio So~iaiist. isslit (if Septemb1er

17. 1919, tile honlle of wiil has flow beetI changed 14) tile 'oiler,Which conltahis tile offiil 131-oet'dings of (lie Commnunist Labor Partyioiivetiiuii and also the platform aind pr-ogiam of tile paty itself.

I iiigt tlsi tjlft- thittt thlis pl)licationh ii; pulished ill the Interestsof the ("oiluItill uist Labo~r Party% 43111' of tile editors being Alfi'etl11'agf('1ti fled it. Whoi is tile en eutv. s('el-ftarV Of that itV I des5ireto) putt itlo (liel r-evord4 ill following statenleilttal 11toin their plat-fom II

Itself lit ftill Imtsutiatts ii6. t~1ahe revuulttutotir wiorkhiig vlaoss joardits 4mf tillc~umiias aiu slsiii, 'by% lilt- i..:4IPStu1' A.11t41 hiy liet thlist init'rmalomisl, fiim'u

it .~* * S At

:1. Wvili~ ft-Ia It 3ulSo fully i'6'6111/~A tll- 4Ti~li. 11e4d fil lit till tt'111 4ti111ii.r'Ini tbe suasitil Systit1 It 1rtaiizt'. flinit lile litle foor pletytling stand voiiromiiii how;

1t1141 thatt iew It is61 tiuli't-~~ 16611ttlar ill Wit11m .11I)I-vitisilits Ill tlt-Itauils tof thll esah'iuuist oir Is taketi iby the won-kitj Ma.1.

F'rom t le pro*4gramh of tilt- i)ItitS. the following statements ofelt)'

lit- t'uuiiititiiitt groutl's sif itilher totaiitis'. thtsge Whaih have-s 3athh1llbe Witli tle

2. Wt' tirte loilj"Ist'l lot Za~t l huN t i t ii titer mrompai 16(6 teiiiiuitt't i tfll'revuitiunary vlai55 sirtiu is.

That. gentlemniu. Ilore ti'4' a111) iythtiti' I c'all po"Sihly puht IIIefill you1lhows youl thle international and tvevo'iltiolln. l ivS*14 of thi Its ~ '

Itient antd tlie sei'ioihs llL'fale that it offers to 'tille inustittiili. of our'

Government. One of the gentlemen hiere asked if this movementwa% gaining many adherents. I canl tell you this mnovemtenit hats flw'thousands (of adhiereiit. anid is giflittjl 01 itriength every dhayl.

MV'. 'Aoutoxix. Cal Vonl give Its an Rdea of ht'til uh 1111er p Iuwide of theSocialist Partyv?

Mr'. 1Oftmx. The olid-line zSociahists, last statemnt Sho~ws 300.Otas5 (lles-pa-ying Imembers: yop know yon are not it members' of thatpar-ty i111less you pay your dues. The ]last statement of thle (Comt-uuinm11st Parti'shows tO:OOf orl 70,000 liut'ultes.

Mr. YATEUS. Which 1itisttle lai'-geSt IiientlbelRshi) tile ("tmnnist-Labor or Communist-?

Air. 11otToN. The (Communist. Party.Mr. MoRoAN. HaVe YOU colleCted a11y Stati-StiCS-dO yVti 1010w 11ni'-

thing'about tbat.?

zu SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Mr. HORTO,. That is a matter on which I am now working. Weare checking up their locals, their publications, etc.

Mr. MOtGA-. Do you know whether the Department of Justiceknows whether they have made any inventory of the men? Do theyknow who they are?

Mr. hloRToN. The report of the Attorney General calls attention tothe fact that they have indexes on 60,000radicals.

Mr. BYKtNES. How many'of these puiilications are now being cir-culated through the nlails.Mr. flomox. I should say there are 200 foreign-language papers

and better than 100 English papers. And you nust. take into con-sideration the fact that tMere is imported into this country, I think.the last figures showed 14-4 radical papers, mostly anarchlstic, fromiSouth Anierican and I'uro)ein countries.Mr. YTi-s. Are these regularly organized Do they have regularnieetings?31r. I IoRToN. Yes. sir.Mr. (rAD. The lill introduced by Nilr. lkyruesI-is it r.,oinuieided

by the Departmnent of fJustice?"Mr. Iloirrox. I can not say. The Attorney General in his reply tothe Poindexter resolution recommended a bill, which I understandhas been introduced in the House.

Mr. W.%Lsu. I understand the provisions of the proposed bill arethat these nmen may be just as inflammatory and jus-t as denunciatoryas they want to as long as they do not advocate any violent mieai;sof overthrowing the Government.

3r. IORToN. ft I ilnhSs they advocate the overthI'4w of tile (overn-mnent by violence or by violence to property, etc.

Mr. -IVuST:i). They are not bothered if tliey conline tlem.-elves toorderly means?

Mr.*loitrox. No, sir.Mr. BYliRNS. This bill is ahost similar to the NJ of Senator Ster-

ling, which has been before tile Senate for soic days. It has beenread once and tile l ilroad bill having the right of way c.aine lip andit was p)ostponed, and1 I (lon': know what its status is over there now.There are soine changes. for intance. his bill doesn't include pic-tures. I should .say that. tbis bill was drawn by 31i. llortoqi andmyvself.I

Mr. Mom Ioax. Does this matter you have read. do you find anylinking lip or connection between any of these organizal lions and tWeofficers or officials of this new Labor IParty tliat is sought to be estab-lished at Chicago recently?

Mr. HoRTox. I can't sav that I have so far-Mr. MoRoGAN. But sonic of the planks in that party's l)latformn, as

published, are similar to some of the propositions "in the Interna-tional-

Mr. Ioirrox. Yes, sir. The socialization of railroads I supposeyou refer to.

3Mr. 3oRGoAx. And the abolishing of tie United States Senate.Mr. HoRnroN. Those are theories that have been held by the

Socialist Party for a number of years.Mr. MoRu.%'N. And they have also been approved of by this inter-

national ?

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 27

Mr. IonToN. Yes, sir.Mr. MoR.0GAN. If they attempt to accomiplish that by violence or by

methods which would undermine and overthrow the government itcones within the provisions of this proposed act?

Mr. Horx. I should think so.Mr. BYNrS. Or if they advocate it?Mr. Iloirrox. Or advocate the use of force or violence.Mr. (ARD. Do you represent the Department of Justice or the Post

Police Department?A. IonToN. I am employed by the Department of Justice and

I have charge of a certain branch of work there. We use a greatmany of the records of the Post Oflice Department in this work. Asa mnitter of fact, the Post Office Departnient has a very completefile of foreign-language newspape-,. which are of the utmost valueto the Departnent of Justice.

Mr. GARD. The bill introduced by Mr. Bvrnes differs in whatmaterial respects from the recommendations'of the Attorney Gen.erl 11upon this subject ?

Mr. I IoIrTox. The hill of the Attorney General (toes not. contain anyprovision, as I recall, in regard to mailability of this sort of litera-ture.

Mr. O.tiw. So that the bill of Mr. By'rnes would just sinpl, pro-v ide additional provisions with reference to the mailing of theseseditious article, pamiphlets, and so forth.Mr. BvmI.NvS. It is ditrettnt in its language. but it does that. The

bill (if the Attorney generall does not make thii; stulf nonnailable.It prohilbits the d|-ing of it, but does not make it nonmailtble.There is a whole lot of this literature; 400,000 copies a week wasthe edutinte by the Post Office Department that were being circulatedla:,t July. I think the thing to do is to stop its going through theninils.Mr. IIS ED). )oes the Sterlin bill do that?Mr. B"mi.r.. Yes. sir. But I iave added picrres. because von can

carry a ine. age through a picture. and I have also added' two orthree provisions that do not appear in the Sterling bill.Mr. (,.umt. My% thought was that inasmuch as the Department of

Justice would have to operate tider any legislation enacted it wouldbe well to have the positive and expreed views of the Departmentof Justice on this particular subject.Mr. BRNmzS. I have talked to Mr. Glarvin, who i.s in charge of this

work, but I have not yet submitted this bill to him.Mr. Imtmrmi. Before'vou get through-I don't want to interrupt the

gentleman now; you will not coutplete the hearing on this matterthis umorning-lint I want to say this: I don't want to break in, butas a meniber of the (Committee "on Imigration and Naturalization,that I have been spending months of work on this subject. We canonly pass laws to de olt aliens. The committee was figuring oncoming before the Judiciary Committee on this kind ot legislationand I didn't know this was coming up this morning, but as it isup I would like to submit a few suggestions of my own and thosegathered in relation to this subject. I think the most importantthing in this bill should be an addition. The bill as it stands carriessufficient provisions, but the most imlpol tant thing is left out. There

28 SEDITION, SYNDICALISIM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

should be a provision in thle bill, at its proper place, presumablyafter thle word "(iovernmeiit," in line 10, thie words "or to adviseor to advocate the overthrow or destruction of the Government, ofthe United States." I believe clearly' that is constitutional. Ibelieve it is fundamental. All the literature we have receivedadm1 have bieeni working oil there can be no question that ill addlitionto the force and viole'lwe tle character of literatturt that is beingsent, we certainly should have the right, we ought to do it flow. topa-ss a law that at man who advocates the overthrow or destructionof this Giovernment, that thaut literature ought. not to be miailable,adm1 that in addition to thiat it ought to he a crime.

MLr. II w$TEO. Would that prevent tlue advlca(v of soviet .roverul-illI('it-e1155 government.

Mr'. ItKmi. Tile Sovilet govu~liitilent -is I uuuten.-Iand it, it) lookingove'r [hetir literlitillte. iiot only believe inl Ihe overthrow of all1 forisof government. (l('strdf ,I1( 11 of aill loro)perty. (lestr1111 1(31 of till power.but it inl substance advoemates to at greater or- less extent fihe Ilse offorce. ll clearly this (lovernaunt 11:1. tile right to saty to its (iii-zens or to anyvone that Comuv.- here, if you1 advocate thet overthrow&If this (biverilitletat. filue foito1 of this Glvelrinu ient. your letters andyoulr lit e-altturet itre not uuuitahle and it i.s at crimei.

M~r. IIii:u.lont vonl t hink that Should b". limited. la'caiuse, voltCouldn't* siuppreIISs roti'titiutiotiahly. 11I1ld I d(Ilt think youl should sup-pre.s -m a m tatter of policy, the a;dvocacy (of a channge oIf policy (If thleGovernmtent.

M~r. RAKEJit. Ohl. no.Mr. II 15'i'. Bhut I bl~eieve if volt could lit) it voil Slil411l41 preet

(lihItaIvolit-y (if clas.s governiuteni in the Countruy. thui is the rulle oftile people hy :1 class (If thle plel(l~l.

Mr* tFI. Let's -vv if it does'- ori nolt. lit addhitioni to) what 'Mr.HorIton1 lm-i' Saidl. tie ('otuuun1mst l'tultIv stud li (he ommisunist-LUhiborParlty, I int produced yeste lay morning before tle ('otinlitte fil un1-nulgritwin a cop I f a1 re:,oiihtio ht 1(1 dwas 11loplifl lit the( 1. AV. 11.collittftiIli lit Chicalgo Somue tile ill Auguist. whioch allvoiatel thisthird 01'1111111in6;t priulci pde whihl hitis I('e read(4) tl lt here asudt(A~~l( ill UI".ili. 11511 wais hit ioduitcd ill evidlht'vct iln sUI'ritieliiolKst week in, it't triti or1 one1 (of tose smutisrbhi-4s or 1. IV. IV. onl trialthere ]lo4w. TAbe 1. W1. WI.s have athoptedh thilt j)Iilu'iple. 'I'luevbelieve inl the- prini~cple as adopted wy Ite Ruussililn goveumn I eft'l. 111clearly their prinlcipic~s us- lid down1 Ileait tihe (est riutionl of thisGoveriusulent byv liny possible niealls they cat use. Thle re'solitti(In isits follows:

Ami.v.x'1. W. W. K-nsixi. .% U'NIT uOFIrsu~ itFtls-I-iz.hlr.4IX iIAD ATTi'lRss IAL. AIi'E.m. nol ALL 1IALS TO RLLY~ TOl BANNEF~i 1 tsl'

OIAKLAND. ('AuIu.. 11cciiber'.1.itl'SJiitillm %ttingI Mile I1(i-lal Wo'rke'rs o~f flt-e World m-4 flit, " .niieit'ii

lisli fraternal rehistlowli withi revohiutlonsury group., ttsruuighiout till world. saldto lie benu flhipeil by the geititl 'eiutive board of tilt, orgizitliu tit itineeting holds ii Chiicaugo lust August, were read Into tile iSte's- l'sthuIoly ltthe t'riuiial Vnuillcullemn trial] oft .Iaulis MIlligo, locally smelltury of the I. 'W. W.

'Thelse rl'C~li uts had5( never before be11111 mahe publlil' tile ilrtssent lem as.-serted.

SEDITION, SYNDIOALISMAt SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

.AMERICAN REDS URGED TO AC.

The resolutionst read:Whereas the soviet government of lRussla. hi Its call for the third international

included Indistrial Workers of tile World as one of the bodies eligible tosuch inteniallonall; and,

Whereas the Industrial Workers of the World Is the only organization in therInlted lStates whose prograln Is absolutely scientific and uncomproinising,1nd Is the logical Anieriun unit of lhe t ird lternatimal ; and.

Whereas the proletrhlin revolution Is world-wide and national or local In Itsscozlv; therefore, the Ihne has conic for the Industrial Workers of tile Worldto a.sune Its proper pla e as the American Unit of the Workers' Red Inter-Itatiolial. and to e.tai-hli (loser rehallons with the groups of tile Saliue orsillar principles i1 every country, such as the C(onitinlsts of Itussin, lin-gary, Bavaria, etc.. the SIpartacans of (lermany, tile Syndlealists of France,Ittly. (reat Britain, and other countries ani tile Unionists of Caiinda andAustralia: Therefore, be It

csolrcd. That the udustrhtil Workers of the World shall create a comnit-tee of literntionial relations, which shall lit olee establish 1111alllinltin cor-responuleluce ind fraternal relations with such aforesaid revolutionary groupsthrougllhoult the world, anu slall provide for the representation of the Indus-trial Workers of the World 11s a constituent iueltnlier of the third Internlational.

.Just one moment. I want to add this; I realize the necessity ofthe principle of free speech and free press, and clearly if you destroythis Government, if you destroy the right of a man to hold property,if you destroy the rijlht of it man to exist unless lie belong to a certainclass, which means all property, and a man has no right to ownproperty, and our Government by virtue of protecting a man in main-taining his right to 110141 his property, then clearly that man doesn'tbelong to the United Statek. He is a criminal.

Mr. Goot)yioor/z. The object of Mr. Byrnes' bill is to prevent thesowing of seeds of anarchy. What can you offer at the end of theline to reilove the soil where it will germinate?

Mr. IlR.Krat. As I said, ni position on that is: I commend the gen-tlemen front South Carolina on his bill, his presentation of it, thepurpose and policy of it. With this addition, or such addition as theconunittee might'see fit to make, to prevent that doctrine beingtaught that this (loverninent by the )eople is wrong. You can ad-vocate an amiiendment of your constitution or change the laws. Thatdon't interfere with it. B1ut if you advocate the entire overthrow ofyoury Government. that goes to the Russian situation. The remedyin this country is by education, front every township up to tie high-est, that our people should 1)e given the ol)portunity that men andwomen who are capable of advocating the proper form of Govern-nient by the people, that something should be done, tivuit educationshould be put forward all the tinie, that their very life and existencedepends on the existing form of government we Lave in the UnitedStates.

Mr. GRAEA . You didn't mean, awhile ago, when you said theyshould not be pernited to advocate It change of forini of gov-ernment that they should be prohibited from advocating the changeexcept by force?*

Mr. RAKER. No, sir; the advocacy in the change and the dealingand handling and the form of our laws and the manipulation of therights of the )eo)le and the rights of property is all right, but theadvocacy and advice to entirely overt irow the Government or todestroy the Government as a government.

au SEDITION, SYNDICALISM. SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

The (CIAn RAN. Without reference to whether force is used ornot?

Mr. GRAHA.M. I wouldn't go that far. You might advocate a the.cry of government totally different from the present system of Go-ernnent, and as long as you advocate that by the votes of my followcitizens and a majority of them that favor'it, that ought to be tilefreedom of speech that is sncred and inviolable.

Mr. RAKER. That isn't recommending the overthrow of this Gov-ernment in this country. It is at change.

Mr. GRAH.M. YOU can change it by law. I think the present billis wisely guarded in that respect.

Mr. IBtYnNFs. May I smy in reference to it, that I took the troubleto examine it most carefully in this respect, because we can not en-danger this legislation by conflicting with the Constitution. Mygood friend, Mr. Raker,'has the same object that we all have InIview. He wants to make unlawful the advocacy of the overthrowof the Government. IHow can a government b' overthrown? Bymeans of violence or by ballot. We can not make unlawful advo-eating an overthrow by the exercise of the ballot. In attempting todo so you run against the rocks of the Constitution. Personally Ido not wish to restrict discussion of that character. Blut the objectI want to accomplish is to prevent the advocacy of force and violenceto bring about. a change in government.

The Constitution provided that it could be changed in an orderlymanner and anybody has the riglit to urge such a change by orderlymeans. The use of force or violence is what we make unlavful, anlI am satisfied that this bill is constitutional, and therefore we hadbetter take this wise and constitutional course rather than to pass abill prohibiting free speech.

Mr. GRAmi.%M. Then I would say to the gentleman that your provi-sions here with reference to making it unmnailable are clearly provi-sions covering new laws in this particular.

Mr. BYRNxs. Yes.Mr. GRAH.AM.. I just read the espionage at again and find that the

nonmailable provision applies only to such literature as is issuedaffecting any- of the things forbidden in that act, and those things arethings which I would relate to hindering the Government, etc., in theconduct of the war.

Mr. BYN.qrs. There isn't any questih about it, some question wasasked why the Post Office Department didn't stop it. I went to thePostmaster General. When he told me lie didn't have any law I wasvery much surprised. I took it up with the Deparamnent of Justice,and they told me the same thing. After investigating it I thoughthey were correct, because the espionage law is based upon the factthat we make nonmnailable matter that 'would stop or hinder us incarrying on the war. I wouldn't ask the committee to go into all thisstud, but I wish they would glance at such magazines as the ClassStruggle, edited by Max Eastman and others, which contain theprinciples of soviet1sm and bolshevism. You will see that everyoneof them adyocate force and resistance, because only by force and vio-lence can they hope to achieve that which they have in mind.

Mr. RAKER. I thoroughly agree with the gentleman in the purposeof his bill. The only question with n.e is that we ought to strengthen

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 31

it. If there is any question iin the minds of the committee that wewould complicate it, we ought to do what is wise. I want to ask thegentleman. Mr. Byrnes, if the constitution and literature of theI. W. W. doesn't ailvocate the destruction of this Government?

Mr. BYnEs. The I. W. W. boast that bolshevism means I. W.W. ism. They say the Bolshevists have simply awakened and cometo the realizAtion of the doctrine they have long urged upon thepeople. They confratuhlto thle Russians upon awakening to thewisdom of th4 I. I' 0 W. ism and say that the. terlns are synonmllollus.

Mr. BAKER. Does the gentleman 'believe that his bill would coverthe I. W. W. ?

Mir. BYRNES. No doubt about it. This is front one of their writers,Varney. I will read it to you:

.141sily the 1. W. W., lif 1ill ie word's nsovenlents, wits shaken least bybolshevism. The 1. W. W. welconsed Ihe lolsheilk triunipi with the joy of theeXlctli4l. The lini link its 1. W. AV. Iheoiry ls Ioix-te forged sit last. But therewas nought ins the new haiingj to conmlitI t1 revision of belief. The 1. W. W.had sitwlays beetl sntll irinaet it ry. Trlhe 1. W\. W. lnd adtlwasi, FAitglt Indus-Irlali.. 'rite I. AV. AV |.it precltedle l .hlevisin " while th- iolslieviki thetm-selves wert still grossiig. And tile walbly felt like one who land long sinceswuim to san island of Idtlolgiv t rutl. us lit, watched the IIussian .winnersC'Oittiltg tut 1irli. 'rite mialve extibertiIIce with which the niew left winlg Aneri-can Socialists )eganu to propagate Industrialsin wits naturally anasl.lslg to thosewho hid fought the itu.ltsilalist battle for nearly a generation. iolshevikitile new left wligers styled tIhenuelves, bit well tile 1. W. W. knew that IoIshe-vIstai was but the Rtuss.ian naine for I. W. WV., anhd that, after a few fllghts ofleft wingism, the .8oc.alists would learn ti every road of isnmustrial revolu-tion h-lds Inevitaly to th( Itidusrlrhl Workers of the World.

'here isn't any doubt about this bill covering the situation.Mr. ]IAiFIi. After reading the constitution of tile I. W. W.'s and

the by-laws, is it your view that they will be covered by the bill, andalso that they are advocating the (lstruction of this governmentt?

Mr. (rIiAI.M. Tile constitution of the I. W. W.'s would not in itselfprove that. It would have to be backed up bv overt act to prove itcriminal outside the constitution and laws. Ii is the interpretationsthat they put on then that make them crilninal.

Mr. IIAKFla. Tle man who belongs to the I. W. W. and follows thepractice as laid down in the constitution and by-laws would comewithin the provisions of this bill and would per se be classed as onewho is responsible?

Mr. BynxEs. I will read you here what they say as to their tactics.which must be considered ini connection with'any constitution or by-laws of the comunimists:INovomirsky-Manlfesto of Anarcisls- -Communsts. Published by" the Federation of

Unions of Rumelan Workers of the United States and Canada. New York, 1019.1

(SiR TACTICS.

What should lie our meass of carrying on the fight?Wimat must we do, the vanguard of their proletariat? We nust consciously

hasten the elementary moventent of the struggle of the working class; we mustconvert siuall strikes into general ones, and convert the latter into all armedrevolt of the laboring masses against capital and State.

At the tine of this revolt we must at the first favorable opportunity proceedto an Iniietlate seizure of nil tiean.q of produetlon and all articles of con.sumption, and make the working class the masters in fact of all general wealth.At the same time we must mercilessly destroy all remains of governmentalatttority and class domination, liberating time prisoners, demolish prisons and

S 2 SEDITIONp SYNDIVALISM, SABOTAOEp AND ANARCHY.

police offices, destroy all legal papers pertaining to private ownership of prop-erty, till flehl fences and boutndaries, and burn till ertificates of Indebtedness-lit t word, we lust take caire that everythIng Is wiped from the earth that Is areminder of the right to private ownership of property; to blow up barracks.gendarme. and police adllnistration, shoot the most prominent military undIlhe oflicers, must be the Inmportant concern t the revolting working people.in the work of dtestrtctiohn we miust be imerciles, for the slightest weakness s UpolOcur Ilart iatiy nfterwards cost te working class. a whole sea of needless blood.Ilt c ojletely destroying all vestiges of tile donlinlon of capital Iaiiii State weIiist try s smon its possible to start productions upon new foun1datlons.

You hare to take their writings, and their writings are what we seekby this bill to prevent going in the mail.

Mr. R ER. That is my idea about it and that is what I want to getinto the record.

Mr. HvsTrw. If you attempt to suppress radical speech and radicalwritings which don't. involve the use of force and violence you willmake conditions worse than we mie confronting to-day.

Mr. NEELY. I think you are right.Mr. ViIALr. I suggest that these exhibits be put in the record.The CIAIRAN3FA. Put in such as they want. They may have too

much here.Mr. BynxEs. If the committee will authorize it, I will suggest to

Mr. Horton that he pick from them such things as lie thinks the com-mittee will care to have.

Mr. GRAIIA3M. I suggest Mr. Byrnes make a digest of such articlesas are pertinent to this discussion and put them in the record.

The A AIAR.MAN. If there is no objection, it will be so ordered.

COMMITTEE ON TIlE JUDICIARY,Hovsr. OF REPREsENTATIVF.S,

1l'a8hligton, D. V., Tuesday, December 10, 1919.The committee met at 10.30 o'clock a. In., Hon. Andrew J. Volstead

(chairman) presiding.The CIIAIRMAN. Tiere are six Members of the House who desire to

be heard on various bills this morning. The committee will give youeach about 15 minutes, if that will do.

The bill H. IR. 10650, introduced by Mr. Davey, is here printed inthe record in full, as follows:

Iti. It. 10050, Goth Congress, 1st session.)

A BII.L Defining Hediton, the promotion therco. providing punishment therefor. and forother purposes.

Be it- enacted byi the Senalte and luse of Rel,re..ntatires of the UnitedStates of Atncirea In Congress assuibled,

SEDITION.

Whoever, with the Intent to levy war against the United Stales. or to ca."Sthe change, overthrow, or destruction of the Government or of any of thelaws or authority thereof, or to cause the overthrow or destrtetlon of allfornis of law or organiz l government, or to oplose, prevent, hinder, or ielaythe execution of any law of the United States, or the free perforin:m ue by lieUnItted States governmentt or tiny one of its officers, agents, or enmljioyees ofIts or his public duty, commits, or attempts or threatens to commit, tay actof force agalist any person or any property. or tiny act of terrorismim, hiae.revenge, or Injury against the person or property of any officer, agent, or ei-

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 3

loloyee of tl it ed t~I~es shaill to. .1enueo guiltyof sedition ....... o vnvicttoj tboI'vof, whiall lie tlisled biy it tille not exceeiing WJf.or byv lit.jirlstillmeli fi-r t ioerloct not exceeding twenty years, or ITy toth such tile siodimpirisioolnit. lIn thle lbsere'lii of tile court.

Sj:e. 2. PRttOMOTING 8EAiITION.-.Wlhover makvs, dilatys, writes. prints. or(ilfltoC. or kiaowflgly 11141. ott atliels llhe iioaking. (tisllatytg, wiitg, print-Ing, ort circulatig oaf any.% sign. word, qwoedi. pi-ictre, olesigii, orguiwlit, (orteaching which aniviset. iaoot-aclt's. iteadnAe. (or Justifies anly ne~t of sedtltkmas- Iaerelialiefsire otefiil. or any acet which fepcts to Invite sedlition its liviln-before leflimeo, or organizes or assists, cor johos fi tile orgitnizatlin of. or lIe-conzies oar, rentiffs it i*nienoer of, oir aillateit with, any solely or orgaiizatlon,whe01ter the smile' tie formnally orgatlilic or not, wich biats for Its object, litwholes or lin iart. tlip ailvisig. adovoc-ating, teaching. or justifyinog (of aony actof s(41d01Itio 005llor(illhoeforte lined, or the iiting of sedition aos ho'ribeforedetitoeti. h1all Ile de~emled lty11. f ironiluig sedtition. atoot, 11ooooo (41nvietiotthereof. sloall Ile i1lbnihil biy n fine of ntot exceeiog $1110()0, or biy Imoprisoon-tment of liot exceedling tell years., or boy looth suceh tine andt Imjrlsoounii, hot tilediscretion of tohe court.

Stix. 3. ALIENS TO tOF l*.I'OtTE.:.-Atly 11iflln who -4h11li be cotmvieteit 11niter sinyof tlip torovisloos of flits itet shutl. tit the exioleotilon of li% sentence, lie taiketnln1tio Custody tind4er tile wioro'uthit of tlie Necretairy of' Labor ando dejooiricol lit ftleunier oroIbtot lay tile linooogratlon laws of tue Unifteot States then l(tree,nd maildt alien shall forever f(hereafter loe deharred from again eoterliig thip1 nlttl States or nay Territory or posseslto thereof.

8F.C. 4. J)EINATroTALtZA11oY ANS UtSEQUEN1 IOPOTAON.Tle oVICtionunder any of the joroiis (of flots stel of any tnaturallized eltizA'l shall tle,dtw'itect 5lfl(hlhnt to aitlorize the eacetllatlott of lita hl-ler vertiticaite taf nat-tl11loo l Ill~ i tiet.11le Ol~OIOCI iiioaihed boy stetlloi 1.5 0)1' tit- nturalititon acetof 31o1(l 29), 11f4.41. It 2-ha1 lte file dilty of tile U'lliteot StatesP attolole1y Intfloedistrict where qiftl Onttratll'/c citizen i. held lit cttstodly or tesiues tto hIstlite111611 conduclit suchi tortit'oMli-t Imeitthately uipono the entry of thiat jiiegtitoaf oovbo't fiol. otil. lte caooocehtatom oif flhe certiticate oaf latluralival boil thie11lln shall liecoolie sutbject to Ilk, proyvibotis of secllio: (iof tfil- atit.

SK:c. 5. The IDelaaorlilleast of .losticN %shah furnish flhoc' ecretary co or vi tdatot its will condole oliot alt fle lirojoor timie (to effevt thle delacrtalbont sof titooewatie subject thecretto by lilt lorovisbeios oaf tliis act.

STATEMENT OF HON. MARTIN L. DAVEY, A REPRESENTATIVE INCONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF OHIO.

3Mr. Djb'ir. Alr. ('h1airnialn anid gcnitleaoeta. tile' hill wichl I haveItid the hotior. to inltrldice is, as you Imay know. 1110? hill p)1i-pZll'dby the Departmenit of Justice. It represents Illy hecart. anld vet 1cepj not. claims tile :t10oor,4hip) of it. f simlplyv ant1 ititei'estetl itt tile1lltpoe of it bill suich its this. to mleet it real and pre'zsdng situations.EVery tlenber of this committee, and I liti sture every Meinbet' of

the Iftouse, is it tlhaough-goitig American, andt we arc till atgreedlon the impIortance of the su-bject. It is largely a (Itestion of ways1111( melans.

I atn sure that I need not remind this committee of the things-whiich have transp~ired in the last 8 or 10 months. You till know-of the M1ay Day riots sutch as we had in Cleveland, witeti out of 100or- more persons arrested only 4 or 5 of them were native-bornAmericans. You well remember the great ttprisig Ii Seattle thatwas putt (howl) by the courage of Ole Hanson, tile mayor. You allknow of the attmpt that wats made to blow tip the Attorney Geui-eral's house, and the sending of instruments of destruction throughthe 11toils.

You -know, likewise, of the effort to bring on a general strikeagain, early itn July.

ViiTN)--sERF 111- 3

U4 SEDITIOq SYNDICALISMp SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

You are just as familiar as I am with the exposure of this manFoster leader of the steel strike, and his past history as an openI. W. V., an enemy of the Republic.

You read with a shudder, just as I did, the statements of LawyerMargolis, representing the steel strikers, an avowed anarchist. Youhave seen allthese things transpire, and then you saw, with a shockto your heart, the reports of the great tragedy of Centralia, Wash.,where soldiers in the uniform of our country on peaceful paradewere shot down in cold blood. Every man who is a Member of thiscommittee and this House had his American blood stirred, andfelt the maddening thought that these outrages could be -perpetratedin free ind order-loving America.

Y6u know, as I do, that the foundation of this country is theConstitution; that this is a country which has endured on theprinciples of law and order. Obviously, public sentiment has risento such a point that unless this Congress acts to pass a properlaw to curb the radical agitators, those who threaten the overthrowof this Government, the citizens of this country. with outragedsentiment, will rise and take the law into their own hands andstring these enemies of our country to the telephone poles. We canlnot blame them if we fail to act; and that, perhaps, is the biggestreason aside from tile safety of the Nation itself, why the time hascome for prompt and effective action.

I hold, and I am sure volt will agree with me, that aly form oflawlessness is bad, even 'hen it is enacted b faithful anid normallylaw-abdincy citizens as a result of outraged justice. Every lynhel-ing. every attempt to take the life of an' man, is a bald thing; andI fear that unles- we act. the American lpeopIle will become a I awvle.sXation in order to vindicate the majesty o law and perpetuate tileNation which they and we love.

For this eason, and tile very obvious reason that we ought toprotect the Nation against its sworn enemies, I am. and you are,interested in such a bill as this to protect the country.

I have never been fearful of the individual agitator. In the dayswhen there were individuals standing out on the street cornerscrying out for the destruction of this thing and that thing, theynever were. they never have been, a real menace to tile Nation whilethey openlred lis individuals. It is only as the result of an organ-izedl. artificially stimulated movement Iat there is an existing andthreatening danger.

I aim sure that every member of this House has read the reportcoming out of New Yrk City as the result of time investigations ofthe Lusk Committepe of time' State Legislature, and you have seenthe evidences of this organized movement all over America, to bringon an uprising and foment a general strike or strikes, and out ofthat disorder to overturn the Government.

Tie ('mIM.x. Has the report of the Lusk committee beenprinted ?

Mr. DAvE'y. I iave sent for it, Mr. Chairman. and I hope to get. itvery shortly. It veems to me that the work of the Lusk Investigat-in ' Committee is one of the most useful things that I have seen.

The CIlAIRMAN. Do yo know whether time Committee on Immi-gration has secured t copy of it ? A subcommittee of that committee

SEDITION, SYNDIOALISM. SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 35

made a trip, I believe, in the interim between the end of the lastsession and the beginning of this session, to New York to get infor-mation perhaps from the Lusk committee.

Mr. DAvRY. There is a member of the immigration committeehere, Mr. Chairman, who can tell you about that, when he addressesthe committee.

Let me digress just long enough to say that I feel a sense of grati-tude to the special committee front tie Committee on Immigrationfor the work they did in New York. Every effort of this kind tofind the facts, to expose them to the Americani people, and to formu-late a definite plan for the control of the Red menace and for theprotection of the American Nation, is worth while, and deserving ofthe stipport of every man who has red-blood in his veins.

As a matter of vital interest in this question, I took occasion tohave reprinted at my own expense the report of the Attorney Generalto the Senate committee, and gave it such circulation as I deemedadvisable. I have tceived within the last week or 10 davs hundredsof letters, editorial., and resolutions from all over this broad country,There ae, a very few, very few, that are opposed to it. For everyone that is opposed to it there are about a half dozen who think thisbill does not go far enough; but the general trend of those responsesis absolutely in favor of immediate action, and drastic action.

Mir Ih-STED. Have you examined the Sterling bill and the Byrnesbill ?

Mr. D~viEY. I have read the bill introduced by Mr. Byrnes, which,I understand, is similar to the Sterling bill.

Mr. HusmD. I think it goes a little further. It is the same insoMe of its provisions. It contains the same provisions I think; isthat t fact, Mr. Chairmann?

TOe CJIA. IR3[AN. I have not examined it.Mr. HUSTED. How does your bill differ from the Byrnes bill?fr. DAVF.Y. The Bvrnes bill provides espcially for the prohibition

of the mailing of sedlitious matter. My own thought is simply this,that wherever there is good material ii ought to be used--out of allthe bills that have been introduced. If there is a good provision inthe Bwrnes bill it should be used.

Mr. HUSTED. I have not had an opportunity to read your bill, andI thought you could tell me, briefly, tow your bill differs, and whatyou seek to accomplish that is not accomplished b. that bill. I amquite familiar with the Byrnes bill. We had a hearing on it.

Mr. D.iTvy. I have not analyzed it with that in mind, I regretto say.

There are some differences, but there are good features in bothbills. The point I wanted to bring out is this, that the Americanpeople are aroused to the point of almost bitterness over the redmenace. That fact is evidenced in the most unmistakable form inthe communications that have come to me, and this Congress can donothing better for itself, to satisfy the judgment and demand ofAmerica, to establish the confidence of the people, than to pass a lawto meet this present emergency.

My judgment is this: That we have in America an artificial,highly stimulated movement, in all probability financed from else-where, probably from Russia, maybe from Germany, and possibl3l

86 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANAROHY.

from Mexico itself, largely. At any rate, the movement seems tohave ample funds to carry on its propaganda, and thus we see thething raise its ugly head to menace the things that we love, that weare sworn to protect and defend.

Mr. GOODYKOONTz. Did you say that your bill had the approval ofthe Department of Justice?

Mr. DAVEY. It was drawn by the Department of Justice and sub-mitted exactly as prepared. In fact, this bill was incorporated inthe report of the Attorney General to the Senate Committee on theJudiciary and made one of the exhibits, based upon the experienceof the Department of Justice and the lack of existing law to meetthe peculiar new conditions which confront the Nation.

May I ask. Mr. Chairman, for permission, before a decision isreached by this committee, to file with the committee such letters,editorials, and resolutions, or copies of resolutions, as I may havereceived by that timeI

Ths Ch1AR5MA-.. There will be no objection to your filing it. Iwould not guarantee thnt we will print it. You may file it if youwant to.

Mr. DAVEY. I will file a considerable volume.The C.1netRM&. We will be glad to have you submit anything that

you have got.Mr. DAv.EY. My only thought was this: I wish to offer in evidence

the opinion of America as expressed in this form.The CHAIRIMAN. I think you have about consumed your time.Mr. DAVEY. I am through, Mr. Chairman. Thank you.(The committee had under consideration also the following bill,

introduced by Mr. Summers:)(11. It. 10414, eixty-sixth Congress, first session.]

A HILL To prohibit and punish certain seditious acts against the Govornment .of theUnited States and to prohibit the use of the nmils for tile purpose of promoting suchacts.

Be It aenaeted by the Smiatc and ltouse of RelprcseutItires of the I'iiited"States of America in (ongrcss asseiuluu. That it shall ite mnlahwful for anlyieon or person it advocate or itdl.e the .verilhrow, tor to write, or know-Ingly to print, puhilshi, utter, sell, or distrilute any dscmient. book. circular,ilier, journal, inagazints, or either written ,o' printed cJmmuiintll, |i sir bywiel the i m mhisetl lie overthrow, Iby fortce or violence. or liy Imtli force and|violence, (or lty pllysicail Injury to person or pitiperly of tis (lovernlieit if theUnited States or of all governient, or to adtvi.e or mdvoaite it cisamige In timeform of government or the ConstItutlon of the united SNats. or resh iiice tothe authority threof by force or violence, or bsy pihy.4ical injury Ito ueniol orproperty, or by force or vlolenm too prevent, holder. or deny or ittenshpt to ire-venit, hInder, or delay time execution of tiny iltt, of the Unlited stitws.

Wne. 2. viant the posesslon. display, or exhilitlon tIt tiy simeetinig. gathering,or parade, or tit any other place, public (or private, of aity lsig, salmnier, r. Pin-bleim intemlded b[y the person or persons po..e.simg, displlayinmg, cor exhibitingthe sainie to synholize or Indicate it rurpose to overthrow by forep or violenceor by pI'iysial Injury to person or properly tihe (Governmnit tif the Unilted statesor ill government. Is hereby declared to lie unlawful.

Sixc. 3. That every dlocumient, book, circular, paper, Journal, mnngmlzine, orother written or printed conmununleaton in or by which there is midvocated toradvised the overthrow by force or violence or by piysh'til injury tio person orproperty of the Government of the United States or of al governmentt, or In orby which there Is advocated or advised the use of force or violence or physicalInjury to or the seizure or destruction of jirsims or property as a means towardthe accomplishment of economic, Industriul, or political clinges, is helby de-clared to be nonanailable and the same shall not be conveyed in the malts or

SEDITION, SYNDICALISMI SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 37

delivered from any post office or by any letter carrier: i'roilded, That nothingIn this act small be so construed as to authorize any person other than anemployee of the Dead Letter Office duly authorized thereto or other person upona search warrant authorized by law to open any letter not address ed to himself.

Sac. 4. That it shall lie unlawful to Import or cause to be Imported Into theUnited States or any place subject to its jurlillction any matter declred bysectionct 3 of this act to Ie nonnaihahle, or to transport or cause to be transportedany such maiatter froin one S8tate to anlltler or into any place subject to thJuri.dlctilon of the United States.

8Ec. 5. That whoever shall ue or attempt to use the malls or the PostalService of the United States for the Iramisnis-slo of any matter declared by.ection 3 of this act to be nonntilable, or who shall violate any oiler of the,provislns of this ait, shall be finad not less tian t100 noie more than S20.000or Inprisoned not less than one .year nor more than twenty years, or such fineand Imprisonment niny both be lkilacpsed, aiud If it naturalized citizen of theUnited States, then uolmn c nviction under this act, his citizenshipl maly, lit thediscretion of thes United States 'olnml.ssoner of Inmigration, he cautieled, andIf ama allen, or at denaturalized citizen, shall le, upon the expiraithan of Ilissententt% deiorted frelt ia1 Unlited. States aind forever barrel falnll reenteringthe United States or tiny Territory under Its jurisdiction.

The CIIAIl.MANX. '%fr. Summers. do you wish to be heard on Lhisl

STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN W. SUMMERS, A REPRESENTATIVE INCONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.

M. Sui Uiris. Nfr. Chairman and gentlemen, especially in theState of Washington we have been confronted for some years withan organization that his sought to destroy personal property, in-dustry, and our State htws,.and to do everything that we in Americabeliee that people should* not do.

In our harvest fields, for instance, they will throw a piece of metalinto a thrashing machine; or they will b.irn the machine at a criticaltime.

During war times on more than one occasion there would be founda large file or a piece of metal driven deep into a saw log, whichwould b ak the great saw inte a thousand pieces, thus delayingwar work for weeks. •

This sort of thing has been going on out there for some years,and. just as Mr. l)avey has stated, if the law is not sufficient anddoes not take care of the situation, individuals in different communi-ties sooner or later are going to do, or attempt to do, that thing, andthat is the situation at the present time, it seems to me, and that isone of the outstanding reasons why Congress should act, and act atonce.

Mr. GAnD. You spoke of commission of acts such as putting piecesof iron and other things into thrashing machines z and other thingsof that kind. Has the State legislature done nothing that you knowof in regard to that?

Mr. SuMMpRs. We have a syndicalism law, which I was very gladto help pass through the legislature in 1917. It was vetoed by thegovernor and passed over his veto at the beginning of 1919.

Mr. GARD. IS that law effective? Is it being carried out?Mr. Sum ns. I think they are making a great effort to enforce

that law at this time. Some of these things, of course, occurred-most of them that I am referring to occurred-before that time.

Mr. GARD. Yes.

5 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANAROHY.

Mr. HUSTED. There must be some act, also, I presume, against thedestruction of personal property.

Mr. GARD. You have a general law against the malicious destruc-t.ion ofproperty, have you not?

Mr. iUMIER. Yes, undoubtedly so; but this was a more stringentlaw against sabotage and syndicalism.

Mr. GARD. This law you speak of now I assume related to cer-tain activities of-what do you call them, syndicalists? Is that thename you used?

Mr. SuMM-.tFIS. Yes; syndicalismu and sabotage. Sabotage is theact of destroying machifnery by throwing the sabot or some othersubstance into the machine:y a'nd thus hindering the work and de-stroying the machinery in that way.

Mr. GARD. I do not suppose we can reach that offense of syndi-calisin.

Mr. Sm 3iEns. No: but what I am referring to is this being ledalong here, by this thing being permitted, and by these aliens beingpermitted to remain in this countrv instead of being deported andgotten rid of; and we have this ihing to contend with over andover and over again, and have had for years, because it seemedthat the laws have been insufficient for deporting these men. Asyou know, there were a large number taken from the State of Wash-ington-from Seattle-only a few weeks ago. to Ellis Island, andthere most of them were released, and out of 600 or 700, as I under-stand, that have been taken as far as Ellis Island, only a very smallnumber, 50 or 60, I believe, have been deported, and out of 50 or 60from the State of Washington, I think only 7 were deported.

The CHAIf MAN. Have they been released, or are they still held?Mr. Su.utMEas. Possiblv some of them have been hell, but many

of them, I believe. have been released.Mr. YATES. When you spoke of 600 or 700, did you mean from

the whole country, or'from your State only?fr. SuwxF.RS. From the wYhole country.

Mr. YA ES. Is that about the total number that have been takenthere?

Mr. SuMmEns. I spoke of that number that we heard of severaldays ago, 600. That was referred to in an article some days ago.It was said that many had been taken to Ellis Island, and most ofthem released-or not deported.

Mr. WAsH. What have those people done to try to overthrowthe Govern m, - How have they gone about it, and what havethey done?

Xfr. SuMMERs. I think you have had brought before you evidenceas to what the teachings of these people were in that regard. Iwas not here at the time.

Mr. WALSH. Yes.Mr. SUMMiuERS. One thing they will' take phosphorus-that -was

brought out by a member o the'legislature fiom over in Mr. Had-lev's part of the State--and they will wrap it up in a damp toweland lay it away under a building, and in the course of a few hoursyou have a fir .

fMr. WATusH. That is destroying property. hut what have they doneto try to capsize the Government. to overthrow the Government. outther ?

SEDITIONp SYNDIL'ALISMp SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 39

Ahr. S C 3 1ns. I was going to call your attention speciallV to tileattackss on the American Legion, and there came, just a few minutesbefore I started up here, this description from an attorney, on thatpoint, and because of its laying the facts so clearly before vou. I wantto read it. 'This is from Mr. Van Xess. of Ceniralia. lie detribesCentralia as a typically American city of 12.000. with oie mainstreet. Tower Avenue, paved from end tol end. Ilere is what he says:

There wits ilvity of work iclid pro.perity. Everylliiig wits pacefil andorderly utill tie i. W. W. smue titte igo estaiclshed iltinor heateiquorters ilSentrlirlh, IrObeltly la mmim. fif tII 11ills lild l1ih's llear by. The-y oli-C1eei 1i hallAnd, til sohlel. 111141 .illo.N wtetked It, buriiig lite eqti~pllmit Ili the street.

Xow, the soldier. and sailors did nothing of tht kind until. ofcou e. this thing had been going on for years there. and the laws111d not taken care of tile situation, and tliit is the point that I amr-eeking to bring out. [Continuing reading:1

Iater a wolibly caile to towv, wearing a red iteektle. to sell the Seattle 1,1ioIlecordl. Tilt- Aiericaln Leghio felt that he wits tell'ace to thie erinlulmluityllt living Isult. 1I1141 they I1ittrelted hicliI to lite 4.41tll1y lille a11,1 tohil hhi IlOt tocollie back. ie wits not treatedI bruttlly, but firmly.

This will bear out the statement of Mri. iDavey, that if the law doesnot take care of the situation individuals will.

31r. lursT'm). Was not the Seattle affair a clear attempl)t to over-throw the government of thitt city?

3Mr. Su.%UMlMUS. I aml not able to discuss the Seattle affair. H i ('em-tiniing reading:]The I. W. W. -anie bick and bi,eed new headtqtitrters on Twer Aveliuu, near

the north end. 'lheir )tal hetime ii s,,re spot meil, tilt Amerita l.egim felt thatit should be clostd. 'Tle city comuui-i.ihie's regarded the Ilace its it publicnuisance Iillt wanllteed tei close it. but thought they tail to authority. Threeattorleys wert, iusy dlratwihng up ni orilllinltie tender the 'tate .ycmdlelista law,but the ordinatt e wts iot titlshled by Armistice lacy.

The I. W. W. never oiCe tskefl for city Irottit'tiol. If they say they 411i theylie. Now, to coei to the celeblratlon.

A ('onillgettt 4f the ('hiehtlas Atneril'ean Legion cate' over tot Jill olr ay is littheir (eibrttilt. All weue .sip'ella tlly crlet're tint to ,earry airt.s. Tht-y u:'cr'helimituritted with their litmols ot their sihe's titorth oil Tower Avtlere past theI. W. W. iall id thetn (c)utliterlitd.hed balek tip teuri Ul Mail Avelltuet n titehigh b.hool. where lite exerelses were tr bie helh. Joy ani exaltatilon were theeuily feelilns of the ien land their relttives ion the sidewalk.

FIRED ON FRO. ALL SUM.S.

Stiuhelenly firing be-gan. Nomte knew willit it wits 11h1etit cinch soite thought Itpart of the (clebrltion. Theln the marchers staw two of theih number fall, andthey kntew they were being fired oil. (itg stilit. tlt leaelitng uittim witshlehael by Wtr'ren (irini l olt (Vilder. (ililer wits nt lilt atndl sto, 4l Isgronlld, having heent under tmacihlule gut tire Iln France. lie hail a vew of theoulire llewk. lhsheto. were 1mmiiii., ft'o lhe iteolel lItiehirg. froit three bitllhltg..sipiosite the 1. '. W. hall. fromint hiari nea' it, fromli the hall itself, fromli ai lill'(I1 ymrds atway 1ite1 fltllr behlild till automlloehbile. investlgatilrni on ted toat theitruat|l me i ere frliig lmgh-l'wvered bulle s. TJ'hfese we found litter were splitmo."e, soft losel. amid sawed off. A literal hall of fire Itoured Inlto this block.which wax entlladleid froult niill ielis, despite tile fatct that ]ledt Crtt workersand women andIel children were tilt lte -,elewalks. lullings til blith sides ofthe lock ire' still rihhletl with bullets. show\Iig that the l1rhig caie from till.sides.

There is the point thlt they have reached there.The dastardly murder in cold blood, without warning and from

ambush, of fouir of our overseas service men and the wounding of

4u SISDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

several others at Centralia by I. V. W.'s is a direct challenge to allex-service men and to our State and Nation.

in my opinion, the Centralia boys have not died in vain. In thedepths *of our shock and grief for the loss of the.e boys we hearreverberating throughout America the death knell of the threateningmenace of anarchy, sedition, I. W. Wism, bolshevism, red radical-isin, and n-Anierfcanisin in all their hideous forms.

We are now informed by the Attorney General of the UnitedStates that our Federal law's are not amjle for the suppression ofthese various cults.-

I have, therefore, prepared and introduced a bill that not onlymeets the situation in a general way, but also provides for denaturah.zation and deportation.

You will please note that all of the provisions of this bill apply tothose who would use forcee or violence" against our Government.

Now. I m1igh-t say that I have compared the bill which I introducedvery carefully vith the bill introduced b. M"r. Byrnes, and I will savthat mi1y bill was niodeled very lI ely ahter the bill as introduced b TSenator Sterling. The Bvries bill, as I see it, is almost word forword the bill of Senator sterling. There is practically no change.The word " picture is inserted at one or two places, but there doesnot appear to be anything else particularly. There are a number ofchange. in my bill--whether they be for'better or for worse is foryou to decide. I have tried to imiake it more specific in several in-stances. and I have provided for the denaturalization of naturalizedcitizens and the deportation of such persons after their conviction andservice of sentence. the same as any other alien.

There is some difference in regard to the penalties imposed, and, asI say. at several places we have endeavored to make the measure moresl)ecific. so that there are quite a number of changes in my bill fromthe ones introduced by Senator Sterling and Messrs. Blyrnes andSiegel. I have not seen any of the other bills. I had seen none ofthe other bills except the. Senator Sterling bill at the time I made thiseffort.

The Cu. RMAx. I guess your time is Ill).Mr. SUMMRs. I did not know that we were going to be limited.

I had hoped to show you this. If vou will pardon me just, a minuteor two. by resolutions which bave leen introduced by American law-yers and by commercial clubs and by civic bodies and by letters fromindividulA., and so on. I had intended and hoped to mhow vou thegreat pr ssure that there. is coming and the insistence that Qongressact ill this matter an( act without delay. Tie following resolutionsand telegrams will illustrate:

IH:ISIsL.TIONS AiKWIIIum BIY Ie ElPI.oVER'S' A.SSO'IATION OF WASIIINUITON.

wiiern, x tiltI teitiiiiig.% (if riam silli III ti 4 lot11 buys' resiulttil il the ule-Iilel'rate- lumreler of four inaraIIsi returned iivel'<en. sidliers velehrlitigArmistice TPi Iat ('entillhi: lnd

Wl-ie.rs these .Allerlzli Imboys wert. shot islwii frio11 asisl. bImy flilwelers emftie reel flag, alii

Wis.*re.s tile c'mltryv N be.hn Ii Ilom ell with trems. ,all ml mwlll itie, | s liter-ature liilvo(leilg tie wertlhrslw of isowermnet, levstraiti.l l of irsir.vly itmisinrlileel Ilvacloum upon fie eltizel. of tile Ul1t1ed4 Stilte.4, andsl

Wiemea. it Is4 lropoeseci to tear d wi thit" Sta01r: s111i Stripes .m 1ll .emstitute llmerel flog of annrchy, and

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGEp AND ANARCHY. 41

Whereas this movement Is being promoted, fostered, and carried on by thePrgainIzation known as the L W. W.: Now therefore be it

Resolved, by the Employere' Assoelation of 'the State of Washington. Thatwe demand ientiedinte action by Congress to tie end that the I. W. W. shalllie designated by Federal statute as a treasonable, seditiout.% and traitorousorganization;

And we further demand that legislation be enacted imnmediately (o providetile necessairy nmachinery of law to stamp out sedition ned treausin of everycharacter wherever found; and be it

Further rcsolrcd. That such action by Congress is nees.s4ry to meet an ex-isting einergency and to prevent the massacre of other American citizens .

TELEGRAM FRO31 AM-RICAN LEGION AT WALLA WA.L.A

Walter V. Lee Plost. No. 32, Amerlcan Legion. urges the Watshington dele-gatlion in ('ongress that Washington Sltath, mitst take tile lead lid etarry loli Inthe aggressive ea.iiliigii to the end of suppressing all un-Anirleian inll-vidutlis or orgalzittlons. We art, trusting you to get in touch with other Itep-I'iwitil'livik 11111 8-llatlrs front this 9taite and support the movement.

HloW.ARD ROOT, Scretary.

RKESOI'TION ADOPTED Y EVERETT AIIDGE NO. 4T9, BENEVOLENT AND PROTE-TIVE OfRIllDlOF ELKS.

Be It rcsol'cd by Brerctlt Lodge No. .179 of the lhcmiroh-nt 11#l I'rotecltireOrdrr of Elk, That we view with lleep toll.Tcli tile spread of ish4llty ad1of seditious sentiment promulgated by -iyndlcallsts. 1. W. W.'s, and the b11-sheviki;

We believe that the time has alrrived wheat Ainterican.s should a.ssert them-selves and drive from Ilese shores all disloyal aliens alt] adeqtelltly i1l1ni.ihthose who betray their country Iy disloyal acts. We, hereby call up on thiUnited plates Congress to immediately enact a law providing for the suiimarydeportation of every alien iln this country wile) Is it nembIer of the 1. W. W. orany other orgaiitiitlon of like tealn igs tnd tendenies;

That the law should further provide for the ijililate ealmcellation of thecitizenship papers of any naluralized citizen who shall atlliate whit lilly -suchorganizttlon: and for draqestic punishment of all lxersons who belong Ito, orwho uphold the doctrines of such organizations.

We believe that. no person should be ptrintted to is.sute or to circulars, inywriting or pamphlet which has for its aliqparent ojctt the nndernillillg a'fAmerlcan ilstiltions Or tle Ilncitling (of rebelhiom.

TEIEG(AM FROM ;'115OFR LEION POST AND (OMMERVIAI. 4'1.11.

liltimle.ltCt4 iti0on ll'e. Se.,lry in order to cu1lr I1. V. V. slillit. Wt, srollglyre.omiliel uil lhtF federal law lie passed whiCh will give, its Power to eIal illthtklyandl11 thoroughly with til nlemllle, In our .ltlle 'sitit ('ne lentlrlil coneltioI I.geensrkl 111 ee State is ililllllnoilS Iil its .1Iit' fir rellef.

PFI-IiNA;. STATEMENT FROM .1. '. i. EYNOI.DS. M.NAIEI OF EMI'IAYR'as A..sl'I.A-TitN OF Tile: INLAND EMIIIRE.

'rhe growth nd llivilles of sL4tlllls organlvallolis lhlt caliatell I n ilhemurder of four overseas veterans at ('entralla, Waislm., on November 11, d'1mIngthe Armistice Pay parade, has aroustd every true American to the fact thatdetermined and concerted action Is required to stamp out the revuilithoimaryteachings and actions now so pLrevailent throughout tile United Slates.

PERSONAL STATEMENT CIIARLES P. ELI.IS, IIARTLINE, WAShl.

received your proposed bill and I waint to aly that it Is most needed hereat tile present time. I wish you the best of luck and hope for a spet4ly ipas-sage of same. I tile not nalnralized yet, having declared my Iiitentiolls In May.

42 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM SABOTAGEp AND ANAROHY.

TEEGRAM FROM YAK:IMA POST OF AMERICAN LEGION.

Yakima Post of the American Legion demands that Innedlate action betaken to enact proper leghdation to exterminate the Industrial Workers of tileWorld and other radical organizations Inimical to the Government, the lawsand Institutions of the United States.

RESOLUTION J. B. STEFDMAN POST NO. 4, GRAND ARMY OF TIE REPUBIAIC.IlEL.INGIIAM, WASH.

AVlll ,rtl; Wvi, 1 ieW willh Iicreasl.l3 lait'a th. maclions of the I. V. W., andMierea., AVe believe lieir object is the overthrow of this government, whose

foundation nd principles we fought to preserve; and.Whereas we believe Congre- should take hamntliate aclion, with at view to

suppre.ming these outrages, and if possible rl this fir landt or oours of tillsterrible scourge: Therefore be It

Resolrcd, That we, members of the Grand Army of the republic, pledge our-selves to stand squarely behind our Government in stilqrort of any ilieasires Itnway tike to suppress this menacing evil.

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT COLFAX, WASI., MASS METINf.

Take lositive stand against 1. W. W. and till shnilhir organizations hmklig to-early deportation of all allen members thereof and to tie deporiallol of all,aliens disloyal to tme country. Centralia outrage calls for drastic action andpenits of no temporizing.

RESOI'TION OF TOPPEN1811 ('OiM ERCIAL Ci.111.

Tile ToppenI.h ('omtmerlal Clu1, bmy nlai inils a,.thon. exlresN alolrovai oiftlhe almost drastic measure's that can be Imnuediately listuted by I eiderllauthorities against every lineiner of the ainarhist 1I. W. W. organizationwhich hasil to long bl vl iernlitted to llemace, not only ite right% of liilet'yend of employers but of every working nin whlo believes Ili a square deal furill.

PERSONAL STATEMIENT OF ED. R. IIOGO, OF .EATTI.I.

It see aIs to Is out lere that if we l:ave inot suIlielnIt laws oil 111l1 statutebooks to enable the Delartnment of J.tice to clear these lxIlle front our (cnltry.these law-s should be( poaxs( anl that as quickly ps im.;siblc. I want to) adl llyquota of infllenle to show you thalt the law-aiding people Ii thlls, (lll'try tietImXiIoi.s that fCongre.s slmtlot hanoti. thi. matter quickly amln 1i a way to rl

our country of this terrible menace.

RESOLUTION OF CAPITAT. IGI'F OF ELKS AT OiYMPIA.

Whereas tire experience of the anthoritlt, In tile l'1ith.4- orlhwests. an11 paIr-tlcularly of the State of Waslngtom, have demonstratd that tile Ill.hWorkers of the World Is an organization that entertals a belief Ini. Itclihe.sand advocates tile overthrow by force aid violence of the Clovernmclt of theUnited States and of all forms of law; and that entertalis nidt teaches dls-belief In and opposition to all organize d (overainent, anol that advocates andteaches tile unlawful oestructlon of property ; and

WVhereas such experience lifs slown that prinipals Ili such lind siliaarorganiznlons advocating disloyal and anar.histle doctrines are aliens; and

Wiereas we believe that titc, futilre welfare of our Nation and tile safety iafour Goavernient demand tle sup)ressoni of tile 1. V. V. uind siillallor orgallaiz-tlions, and time deportation of aliens who are iueinbers (of sich orgalizatloliS;and

Whereas the action and apparent thorouagih organization oaf tli se allnaireli.ts-make liniedlate action against them Imperative: Be It

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM.. SABOTAGE, ANQ ANARCHY. 43

Resolvcd, That we urge upon the members of Congress from this State thatthey take the lead in securing the enactment of legislation to suppress suchorgaini, tons and enforcement of act to deport all allen members of theI. W. W.

The CIfAIRM.Ax. You may submit those matter. to the committeein connection with your remarks. I suppose you will want to lookthem over before they are printed.

Mr. Su. u~tms. Yes; I will have to.The CiIAUt.M.ix. The committee will insert such asthey think ought

to go into the record.Mr. Y .Ts. )id I undenitand you to say that there is only one

slight difference between your bill and the Sierling bill?Mr. SUM3MERs. No; there are a number of differences, while between

my bill and the Burns bill there are but one or two.'Mr. YATES. Your bill is modeled after the Sterling bill?Mr. S.u.[3iits. MAfy bill is modeled after the Sterling bill.Mr. HSED. Hae you considered the probable difficulties that

might arise in the deportation of denaturalized persons who haveonce been naturalized citizens and then denaturalized under the pro-vision of your bill? I presume they would not recover their foreignnationality if they were undesirable citizens, and if lyou were to dIe-port them they would probably be refused admission into thosecountries?

Mr. SUMME&ns. That is, of course, for this committee to pass on. Ihave tried to indicate in the bill to the best of my ability the thingsthat are being demanded and, as I see it, that ought to be incorporated;but I am not in position t6 pas. on these technical legal points, as youvery well know. I thank you, gentlemen.

(The committee also had unler consideration the following bill, byMr. Siegel:)

[i. It. 11089. Sixty-sixth Congrev,. second session.)

A BILLT To provide for the punishment of the crime of anarchy, and for other.parposes.

Be it enitteted by ife sciuate 11ul Ilolike 0c oliciuc.wulietire. of the UnitedStates of Anterivia fit (oityrcss asseniblel, That as used In this act the term"criminal anarchy " leans the doctrine that organized government should beoverthrown Iby force or violei-ev, or by ata..'ssnattiltt of the executive htead orof any of tip executive ollicials of government, or by tny unlawful nbealmS.The advocacy of such doctrine is hereby declared to he unlawfnl.

Sfwc. 2. No person shall-(1) Advocate, advise, or teach the duty. imessty, or prolriety (lf overthrow-

Ing or overturning the Government of the Unitel States lay force or violence,or by assasAnation of the President or of any ffiler of tihe United StatesGovernment. or by any unlawful means; or

(2) Print, publish edit, issue, or knowingly circulate, sell, dlstribute, orpublicly display any book, paper, document, or written or printed natter lit allyform, containing or advocating, advising, or teaching time doctrine that timeGovernment of the United States should be overthrown by force, violenctl, orany unlawful means; or

(3) Justify by word of mouth or writing the I ..iasshilltlou or utlawfulkilling or assaulting of any executive or other olicr of the United States orof any State or of any civilized nation having organized government, itcauseof his ofliclal character, or tinly other crinl, with Intent to teach, spreall, oradvocate the propriety of the doctrine of criniahal Anarehay; or

(4) Organize or help to organize or become at menlbr of or voluntarilyassemble with any society, group, or assembly of j.ersons formed to teach oradvocate such doctrine.

Swx. 3. Whenever two or more persons nssemble for time purpose of advocat-lng or teaching the doctrines of eriinal anarchy, such assembly is unlawful,

44 SEDITION. YNDICALISM, SABOTAGEp AND ANARCHY.

and no person shall voluntarily participate In such assembly by his presence,aid, or instigation.

Sm. 4. Whoever violates any of the provisions of sections 2 or 3 of this actIs guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine ofnot more than $20,000 or by Imprisonnent for not more than ten years, or both.

SEc. 5. The owner, lessee, agent. superintendent, Janitor, caretaker, or occu-pant of any place, building, or room, wiho willfully and knowingly permitstherein any n. seiliage of lersons prohibited by section 3 of this act, or who,after notification that the premises are so used, permits such use to be con-tinued, is guilty of.a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished bya fine of not ntore tmin $2.(X0 )r by Imprisonment for not more than twoyears, or both.

S.c. 6. Every editor or proprietor of a book, newspaper, or serail, a everymanager of i partnership, corporatioi, or n.socltion by which a batik, news-paper, or serial Is I.sued Is ehargeable with the publication of any nilattercontained 1i such book, newspaper, or serial. lut In every pro.ecutioll threfortile defendant may slow li thisll defense that fle matter coniplnltd of wispublished without his knowledge or fault and against his wishes by anotherwho had no 1uthorlty from hlli to make lle pubication ald whose net wasdisavowed by him so soon as known.

SEc. 7. A person who leaves the, United States with intent to eude allyprovision of this act or to culllUt alny act without tilt 'nIllted Mates whichIs prohibited by this act, or who, being a resident of the citedd Slttvs. doe ,tiny act without the United Siittes which would bt iinishable by the provisionsof this net If collmitted within Hit, t'l'teol 8 11"e Is guilly if thi,' .4il1l6. offellseand sulbJect tio tll manle pnillnshilelit as. If the aet hdil ltll comitnlled wllilltthe United States.

SreC. 8. In any investigation or prosecution for ntiy of the offellsi-s sptecillledi1 this act no person sliall be excused from attending or testifying or deposing,

or front producing iny book, paler, uhfcuent, or olher evidee on thill grolinidthat the testimony or evidenjee, documentary or otherwise, retired of tlhn naytend to Inerlninat lilnt or subject hhn to it pomilty or firfilture, hut noniturnl person shall be prosmma.te or subjeted tIo any Ienally or forfeltur( foror on account (of any tralmisletlli, matter, ir thing is to wlih.i, i oeltlielceto a saleiiI and under oath, lie may so testify or Ipiiohltt ehvidt-nce. itett-macst"ry or otherwis. But no persoll shall lie' eellll frllll prosnlloll illdIlunilhment for lritijury (oiilttd in so testifying.

STATEMENT OF HON. ISSAO SIEGEL, A REPRESENTATIVE INCONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

3[r. Smom,:. 3r. Chairman and gentlemen, I have introduced II. R.11089. whicll is practically a dulication of the law of tile State ofNew York in regard to anarchy. It, takes in all that the State hash]ad front its Own experlIence; and the Lusk committee has made norecommendation of any changes in this particular law. I might maythat. since introdl,.ing the bill a few days ago, the thought has rulthrough my mind that in all of these bils, whether the Byrnes billor these other bills, we do not attempt to reach the individual whogives, loans, or promises money or anything of value to be used forthe advising, advocacy, or teaching of any doctrine mentioned inany of these bills, such as anarchy. and so forth, and I think that thatperhaps is the nIost important. matter to be considered by this com-mittee when it reaches tile discussion and consideration of all of thesemeasures. 'h'lie most dangerous individual in America to-day is theso-called parlor bolshevik, who, as experience has taught is, isusually a native-born American of a couple of generations back.Now, as far as the, alien is concerned, my committee-and by that Imean the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization" of theHouse-late last night completed a bill which will reach each andevery individual who is still an alien; but the moment he is a citizen,

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 4 0

whether native born or fortign born, then the necessity of legisla-tion through this committee becomes more than apparent.

I am going to read to you what was said by Judge Buffington, thepresiding judge of the Court of Appeals, who was before this com-mittee last year. I read this as it appeared in a newspaper.[Reading:]

Judge luffngton. with ('Ireult Judge Morris. of Winihligtonm, I)el., IresidedoVer it se '4ilou of the ilittmn'llziilont 11court to-dty. iial lite warned the pros-pe.tivt eltizes to Iewire of such dtngerous nltitors ItS Foster.

PAIILOR ii(-IIiEVIST A PERIL..

I have been nil through thie steel mills anl other Industrial establish-iments in the western part of the State," sald Judge lllllngton. Gimid I have

found the foreig-hlmorn element well paid for their work, contented, intd happy.lht t htere Is Ii ily towln ('itislntrgh) now it mII, Willitun Zemuloi Poster,Wli Is gong 11mto1ig lite forelu poitlathuu teaching terrible doutrhes ofatmireh lit id lu ok, thmi.,. that go to the de-struellon of the Attierlcani Gov-m'rmielit.

-The nIeimst ligerou-. mmatim I kniow of Is lilt- pIarlor 1molihevist, who doesn'twork, atind who dthw.' knoiw amiythlmg about working 14ople, hut who preaelhes

ih.ord and created tuirest ainid i';-,e.s 11iltiha1illess h (1minuhhles by his teachingof Iit-Anerlelmli doetrin..

• Poster' is the type of imanm vio Is (ll.mlllg till tis l,utv.st nimllolgt theforeign Iiori. not otlily of thi. Slilte hut of Ile country. I have known tilehmillits mitle the h h'si of tle foreign Imrn of this tate too long to he delthded,to the belief tlht they tire reslmonsllme for lthe liresent unrest. The danger toAnmerhlen hnstlttlltlons Is lied l lit- forelugn borii ; it i hli tile native borni.

('4111I'M:INI'US 811. 11~. 4;*."il OUT.

"Thi inni f'oslor . aii native-Imn ellizen. lie I mt Imost dal igeroms leaderauint danhllgerous illontisle elieli.y. I s.-cy Ihlis right from time shoulder, m eauseI feel It Is Illy dilty to (ito M).

"'lit 1man11l who tells yol that no governmentt Is bother tha any sort ofgovitmit, the llitll who Imreatelies aimartlm'y, anmit ima in who Is amwaym kick-Iig ahomt the Ciov, ermmeat Is tiuon'lestie elemilly. aItiol yol should avold him. Ifhe dosli't Ilke this country or iMe wily it Is govellml. lie ollglt to get a Iass.-Iport mand get omit of It."

That. is pntty good adhiw. so far as tie last part of it is con-e'itedl. 1t1 yoU" haive never yet. known a perSon like Miss F'itzgerald

or Foster, or people of thalt type, who wits bor1n aibroaid. They a.till hmon here: right in .\meileca: aid lhev nll stay heX: al youcal pass ouny Itinli , r of alien deorlitatiol laws. tlld You call notreach theul. '

lilirtherlllO'e. I1111V of these people go out of the three or fourStates where such laws its we limve ill New" York State are upllonthe statute books, and proced to to their work inl other States.

Mr. WAI, .sl. Where do these people get. the money to carry oiltheir work and pay their tremendous expenses I -

Mi. SIFOFi,. T ie Lusk Committee, to which reference was iadea little while ago, had so1e evidence before it which showed thatinessengers had arrived front Sweden bringing some funds, andthat the leading radical. Jerkendalle, who is the most violent revo-lutionist in Sweden, lad been the senti-go-between in sending moneyover lre. It. appears that. in April, 1919, a certain person arrivedill NeW York and was searched by the agents of the Departnment ofJustice. Imorant docmnents were found on his person. includingtwo money order for $5.000. These noney orders were supposed

46 SEDITIONO SYNDICALISMy SABOTA:Ep AND ANARCHY.

to be delivered to the main advisor and guide of the so-called repre-sentative of the Russian Soviet, Nuorteva. Now, I have the nameshere of the informants, but for reasons of public policy, at the presenttime, and in order not to interfere with certain actions about to betaken, I do not disclose them to you. If the committee desire& tosee them, they may do so.

Mr. HusT. Is'there any evidence that the soviet mission broughtfunds here for the purpose of dissemination of propaganda?

Mr. SItEGEL. Yes; there is. There is evidence to that effect in theannoincenient printed in the ('all and other papers. and in thevery fact that they maintain large quarters in New York and havethe most costly of offices. Furthermore, under the section which Icalled your attention to a little while ago--if that was law-we couldreach Immediately the people who contribute and who are undoubt-edly the mainstay of all of the agitation in this country.

Mr. STEILE. Is there a1- evidence that people in this country arefinancially contributing toward this propaganda?Mr. SIEGi:r,. Only a few days ago a request was made for the pro-

,auction of certain books to show amounts contributed and who con-tributed them. The books were not produced. and there are certaincontempt proceedings now pending.

I examined a box- on Thursday of last week at Ellis Island. 17vealr old--he woulil be 17 at the end of this month-and that boyhad come here when he was 10 vears old and had attended ourschools, had graduated from the schools, and after graduating fromour schools in New York. he went to a puibic library and obtainedcertain anarchistic literature, as he said. and started to read it. andthen proceeded over to Greenpoint. which is a part of Brooklyn. andthere gathered together a hundred and fifty real Russian-jmouiks,as he called them-people who did not speak the English hnguige,and started to teach them the doctrine. We tried in every possiIleway to get from him tile. full list of those members-, and how thenmonev came in for the running of those quarters in Greenloint. butlie declined to give then, except that lie made the remark1, "Someof your ver- rich folks in New York are doing it." We went into thatquite fully'with him. and lie told us that at a special meeting theygathered 150 or 500 people.

I might say this to you, also, that all these camnpaigns and weeklymeetings in Rew York are usually started off by having some operasinger or some person of note along that line who receives $500 or$1,000, is the inducing card. It is advertised that so-and-so willsing, and people naturally colie to hear the opera singer: and then,between the vcenes-I will call then acts-these speeches are deliv-ered. The provision of my bill will reach the man who lets out thehall or ilaces-thle person who leases them-the agent or the lesseeof a corporation. who is only too willing to rent those places.

Mr. WAL n. Was it Under the provisions of substantially this act,in the statute of New York; that the recent raids were nade uponthe IRed headquarters there?

Mr. SnIuF.L. Yes: and convictions had, and the law has been sus-tained by all of our courts.

Mr. YATES. Mr. Siegel, I think your residence is in New YorkCity?

SEDITIONp SYNDICALIS31p SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 47

Mr. SIEOEb. Yes, sir.Mr. YAWrS. Have you had any opportunity, yourself, to observe

an" of these meetings?Mr. SIEGEL Ol, yes; I have attended some of them.Mr. IHusTED. You say that your bill would prevent the furnish.

ilg or contribution of funds?Mr. SIMGIE,. Oh, no; I say, in addition to my bill I would add the

language which we agreed upon last night to 6e used in the alien de-portattion act. as follows: Under paragraph 4 of section 2, on page2 of niy bill, after the word "doctrine,' in line 19, I would insert thefollowing:

(5) Tie giviilg, W.aiii. or jsroindsllig of initie" or anyiig of value to beuseI for lie uivsining. tilvicy, or teathlmig of any doctrine above enumeratedsliall ot411titilte tlie alvi ng, Siht-. or te-hiing of this oit 'trine; al

(2) The giving, loanig. or itroilpiiig of iuty or anytiig of value to allyorgaillizatiolll. zisocl.itioi1. .,,lety, oIn groip of ih' choaricter 1l1)ove describtiS1hl] nllslte allillatlon therewith; bit nothing Ili thl. 1rgraph shall bellken a- alln ib*uhIIslve delindlion of allvisillg. advocacy, or teatlebig ilarchy orbeing ailieINI with any organization, tls ..soitloii, Miety, or group .

Mr. ]fismli). Do you not think, in addition to that-which I thinkis very good and very effective-that it should include the receiptand the distribution of such funds?

Mr. SmulOEL. I agree with you.Mr. HusT:i. Alnd. in addition, there should be the power of re-

straining the distrilution of those funds? If you control thosefunds, vot control the organization.

Mr. A IFoE,. I agree wit you. I do not claim any pride of author-ship of this bill. What I am Itrying to do is to'bring before thiscommittee such elements as should be contained in one general bill,and I think that is one of the effective ways of reaching, mainly, thecontributors.

If I may refer to it: for a moment, in the letters we found at EllisIsland we* found some from well-to-do people writing to the commis-sioner in regard to certain anarchists and others.

W e also found that Nuorteva, the secretary of the so-called RussianSoviet Emba-sv. had been writing to Mr. Ilowe about the admissionof a certain dangerous Finn. I could keep on telling you what wefound h re for hours.

I will just answer one question, which, I think. Gov. Yates put.There were six hundred and soie warrants for deportation issuedfrom May 1. 1917. to November 1, 1919. During that period of timejust (60 were deported. Eighty-two cases were pending. The bal-ance (if them had been turned loose either on nominal bail or on theirown recognizance: and what was still more dangerous, from the east-ern standpoint. was the very fact that they had brought all of thesepeople from Seattle and all over the country and turned them looseat Ellis Island. which is like turning them loose in New York; andthere is one other thing I want to call your attention to in thatrespect. While over there, they received the very literature whichwe prohibit to pass through th'e mail. They received their friendsdaily. They mixed with them. Since we started our activities. 400additional warrants have been issued, and we have accelerated to avery considerable degree-to the extend of several hundred persons-the'disposition of those cases. Some of those cases had dragged for

48 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

two or three years before this connnittee-the Immigration Commit-tee-had started its work there.

Mr. GOODYKOONTZ. On tie subject of deportation. instead of dle-porting a criminal, sending him back to Europe to carry on hisoperations over there, would von not regard it as a better policy tolock that fellow tip in the peitentiary in this country and keep himthere in definitely?

Mr. SitEoa.. 'T hat raises two questions. One question is, if a mancamne into your houw., having been asked as a guest and suddenlycomnienced to (listuri) things in the house, would you lock him up ankeel) him there at. your own expense or would *you fire him .out asquickly as you could?

Mr.*OODYKOONTZ. Or would you send him over to v neighbor's?Mr. SiE(E,. Would I sen( him over to my neighbor's?Mr. GIooOYKOOXTZ. Yes.Mr. SEIOEL. The difference in that is that the neighbor is not living

right next door to mie. If we asunme that America is to take care ofthe troublesome immigrants of the entire world, then the theory that,is being advanced, that. we should get some island like Guai andsend then there, might be an ideal one. But I say that this problemis more a northwestern problem than an eastern p'roblen, and I couldpoint that out to you if I was not taking too much time. The At-torney General of the State of Washington has been in coil1111nica-tion with our committee, and lie points it out is a fact that it isvery hard indeed to get a .conviction in the State of Washington at.the'pesent time. Men who act as jurols will not state thtat they aemembers of tle I. W. .IV. and then when they get on the jury theyusually succeed, somehow or other, in hanging ulp the jury. irecontends, in a long dispatch which lie sent to the Secretary of Laborprotesting against, the rulings of the l)epart nent of Labor in refer-ence to Seattle eases, that there are over 10.000 of such cases in theState of Washington alone.

3r. (.um. What number does lie give of the persons who aire affili-ated with this organization?

Mr. SEicEr,. Over 100,000 in his own State.Mr. GARD. In that State?Mr. SIELEI,. Yes.Mr. (Lurn. That would mean, out of a population of 1.500,000

people, one-fifteenth of the people.Mr. S&Eim,. One-fifteenth of the people, yes. That includes women

and children, too.Mr. SUM M.ERs. Yes.Mr. SftEow,. I will say to you that I ant not carried away by a cer-

tain amount of hvste:ia ahd excitement that is being carried onin this country, but the real and urgent thing to be done by the var-ious States would be the passage of laws within their o*wn Statesas well, and the getting of prosecuting officers who will prosecute.

The other point., of course, is the question of how long it takes thecouit to dispose of cases, and on appeal. That is one of the cryingneeds of change in other respects.

Mr. STEELR. While you are on the subject of the spreading ofthis propaganda, let me ask you, if that mode has been made a sub-ject of study in your committee?.

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 4V

Mr. SIFOG.. Yes; we have studied it.Mr. STF.L. A few weeks ago I read in the Philadelphia Evening

Ledger a very long and interesting letter front an exceedingly wel-informed European correspondent located at Geneva, in which'he dis-cussed this subject. He said from Europe it had spread to GreatBritain and the United States; that the socialistic organizationswhich were mild, previously, had been affected by the Bolshevikpropaganda. Is there any evidence of anvthin,. of that sort?

Mr. SiFioaI:. The Socialistic Party is (ivjded into a left. wing anda right wing. Take the two districts in New York that are now be-coming vacant by reason of the resignations of our two colleagues,Mr. La~ruarldia iand Mr. Haskell. there are two left wingers who arecandidates for those vacant seats. The left. winger is the type ofRose Pastor Stokes, who is to be a candidate for Congress ini Mr.LaGuardia's district. In Mr. Haskell's district, one of the assembly-men who has been under indictment there, is to be their candidate.

Mr. ST.FLr.. Are they preaching the bolshevik doctrine now, orare they confining themselves to the old-time Socialistic propaganda?

-Mr. Si. No; the left. wingers are preaching typical Bolshevikdoctrine. For instance, Nuorteva said in .a speech: 1The RussianSoviet Republic can not maintain itself unless there are social revolt-tions everywhere else in the world."

That wias said on Friday evening, November 7, 1919.Mr. WAAi. Who was it that said that?Mr. SimiGE. That was Santeri Nuorteva.Mr. WAHSH. He is one of the international officers of this world-

wide movement?Mr. SIEOL. Yes. I could tell you what a man by the name of Wil-

fred W. Humphries, sent over by our American Bureau of PublicInformation to Europe. said in a speech at the same time and place.For instance, lie said this:

WVell, if I had come home then, I would have told n story of bloodshed anidisorganization and disruption and anarchy, and nothing else; but I did notcome home then. I stayed in Soviet Russla for 11 months after the Bolshevistshad taken control, and I traveled some 20.000 miles, and I had business rela-tionships with over 100 local Soviets for the American Red Cros.. There beingno Y. M. C. A. work done, I was lent first to the American Committee on PublicInformation, and second to the American Ited Crcss * *.

I was with the American Committee on Public Information, distributingWii.sns "Fouretn points speech." I Laugliter.1 I do not wonder, Comrades,that you laugh. But those Bolshevists, those poor, Ignorant Russians, theylaughed 15 niii11tis g." * * *

Thwy (the lIuslu n Bolshevists) said, "Yes; very nice. Your 'Fourteen-points speech' Is a splendid enlargement upon our Russian formula of noforcille anuiexutlons. no punitive indemnities, the right of all nations to self-determination; but we really believe that, and we want to put it Into forcenow. 'Tlint fourteen-point speech that you have is only Wilson's words.Your President Wilson is an Idealist without a party back of hint. Whenthe time cones, the allied Governments will never stand for those 14points. * * *"

That was said by the simple English Russian more than 18 monthsago. * * *

But it is up to every one of us in this room to-night to turn mlsslonary, notto remain satisfied and think the Red Army is fighting it out, and give threeothers and forget about it. We have got to move heaven and earth to get thatblockade lifted; and I am sure It is in that spirit that we are gathered hereto-night. Long live the Soviet Republic.

155709-19-sER 10--4

50 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM.. SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

And this was a man who was sent over by our Bureau of PublicInformation to carry out the Presidents 14 points at the time whenhe wanted them disseminated over there.

Mr. YATES. What was his name?Mr. SIEEL. Wilfred W. Humphries.The CHAIRMAN. Your time is up, Mr. Siegel.

* Mr. SIEGeL. I realize that. I want to thank you gentlemen for theopportunity of 'al)pearing before you, and I am sure you will givesome consideration to these suggestions.

The ChAIRMA-N. If you have any matters that you wish to add,you may do that.

STATEMENT OF HON. THOMAS L. BLANTON, A REPRESENTATIVEIN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF TEXAS.

Mr. Br.%-.Tox. Mr. Chairman, since back in the days of Shake-speare the legal fraternity has been maligned, but I notice that thepeople of our country now are looking to one committee of Congressto furnish relief, amid that is our Judiciary Committee, and I be-lieve that this committee is going to furnish' it. I am getting lettersnow front all over the country, from lawyers, hoping that properlegislation will be brought before Congress and passed. It justdemonstrates to me that after all. whenever you come to a crisis thecountry depends upon the legal fraternity* to bring them out ofchaos.

With regard to these various bills. I will call your attention tothe fact that the Byrnes bills was introluced on Nxovember 5. TheSummers bill and the Davey bill were both introduced on November17, and the Siegel bill was introduced on November 11. You willnote that the bill I have introduced here, witich in some particularsis modeled alomig the lines of the Senate bill, was introduced onOctober 28, and it contains necessary provisions-as I deem them-not contained in any of these other bills. I refer to H. R. 10235,introduced by me on October 28.

For information I would like to have that put in the record, ifthere is no objection. It is short and succinct.

(The bill referred to is here printed in the recorx in full asfollows:)

[H. R. 10235, Sixty-sixth Congress. first session.)

A BILL 'To safeguard tho transmission of Interstate track and United States mails, topunish unlawful conspiracies, to protect citizens lt their right to labor and to punishunlawful Interference therewith, and to prohibit and punish certain seditious aetsagainst the Government of the United Sitates. and to prohibit the use of malls infurtierance of such acts, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rcprescntatires of the United Statesof America In Congress assembled, 'That It shall be unlawful for two or morepersons to enter Into any combination or agreement (1) to prevent, hinder, orrestrain any other person from seeking and engaging in work of any kind forrailroads or boats carrying United States nmlls or engaged In interstate traffic;or (2) to prevent, hinder, or restrain the movement of United States mali, or ofpersons or commodities in boats or over lines of railroad engaged In Interstatetraffic; or (3) to prevent, hinder, or restrain the movement of trains or boatscarrying United States malls or trains on railroads engaged In Interstate traffic.Persons so combining and agreeing shall be deemed guilty of a conspiracy andshall be punished by a fine not exceeding $5,000 and by Imprisonment notexceeding two years: Provided, That nothing herein shall be construed to deny

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 51

to employees the right to quit work at their option, after giving thirty days'notice of such Intention.

SEC. 2. That It shall be unlawful for two or more persons to enter into anycombination or agreement (1) to prevent, hinder, or restrain any other personfrom seeking and engaging in work connected with the mining of coal, uponwhich the public or railroads and boats engaged In carrying the United Statesmail rely for fuel; or (2) to prevent, hinder, or restrain the movement of suchcoal. Persons so combining and agreeing shall be deemed guilty of a con-spiracy, and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $5,000 and by Imprison-ment not exceeding two years: Proridcd, That nothing herein shall be con-strued to deny employees the right to quit work at their option after givingthirty days' notice of such intention.

SEc. 3. That it shall be unlawful for any person (1) to advocate or advisethe overthrow, or to write, or knowingly to print, publish, utter, sell, or dis-tribute any document, book or elrcular, paper, Journal, or other written orprinted communication, In or by which there Is advised the overthrow, byforce or violence, of the Government of the United States; or (2) to advocateresistance by force or violence to the Constitution and Government of theUnited States, or by force or violence to prevent, hinder, or delay or attemptto prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United States;(3) to display or exhibit any flog, banner, or emblem Intended to promote or in-cite the overthrow, by force or violence, of the Government of the United States,or resistance to Its law; : (4) to transmit or attempt to transmit through theUnited States alls an? f the seditious communications ,taentloned herein, all ofwhich are declared to L., nonmailable; (5) to import or cause to be ImportedInto the United States any matter declared to be nonmailable. That any personwho .,ball violate any of the provisions of section 3 of this act shall be deemedguilty of sedition and punished by a fine not exceeding $10,000 and by imprison-ment not exceeding twenty years, and if an alien, shall be, upon the expiration ofsentence, deported from and forever barred from reentering the United States.

All laws or parts of laws In conflict with this act are, to the extent of s,'chconflict, hereby repealed, this %,et being cumulative.

Mr. BLANTO-N. Gentlemen, each of you will remember that in thedevelopment of the position taken by" William Z. Foster and alsoby the anarchist lawyer. Margolis, from Pittsburgh, they agreed thatin order to properly li'opagate anarchy in this country they mustresort to certain organizations. You will note that they picked uponorganizations where few men dominate and control; they pickedupon organizations the membership in many of which are non-English-speaking people. in some instances not American citizens-to quite a large extent ignorant people-for they picked upon thelabor organizations of our country.

Now, I want to call your attention to the fact that last May, inNew York, Dr. Scott Nearing made a speech to 3,000 union membersin which lie advocated revolution, advocated the overthrow of thisGovernment, and lie was applauded to a man, with the exception ofthe few Government representatives who were present. I am notsure of whether any of them applauded or not, but it.would not bemuch of a surprise to me if some of then did; because I want to saythis: That if you will dig down into this matter-I am sure thisJudiciary Committee has not the time-but if you did dig down intoit, you will reach the conclusion that I have reached, and which Ihave preached here before the House for six months, and which wasasserted tLe other day by Senator King in the Senate, to the effectthat our whole Labor Department, from Secretary Wilson down, isso honeycombed with anarchism and Bolshevism that you have gotto have a house cleaning there before you relieve this country of thepresent menace. You have got to have a house cleaning from thebeginning of that department to the end.

52 -SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Now, I want to show you he e what took place in Washington onlast May Day eve. In the Pythian Te ple there was t big_ red flagmeeting- attended by thousands of union aiembers, here in Washing-ton, under the auspices of the Fur Workers' Union. I want to showyou what the Washington Star said about that meeting. The,Vashington Star next (lay printed the resolution that was adoptedin which, in part, it says 'as follows:

Labor now knows its strength. LaWlr now lnitkes dleniatnis. Atil those de-niands are heard, they Inilst ie heard, for labor, In Its night, lats htlarned to

tihleve for labor, ind labor's word Is fast becoming law. *

And then the Washington Stvir went on to say this of the meeting:The spirit of anarchy, Wihlisi. iolshevism. sill"Phigti, anld delflale of vested

power and authority li government oloiliatted the isealibly.That occurred onl May Day eve herein Washington, in the Nation's

capital, if you please.I want to call your attention to a copy of F'reedom, which I hold

in ny hand, which is the biggest anarchistic paper in this land to-(ay)publislied in defiance of law and disseminated in defiance of therules and regulations of the Post Office Department and of the lawsof this country. It says right at the beginning-

Mr. Goo-xoox'rz. ho you believe that the Postmaster General isgoing to suppress that paper?

Mr. BLAN2oN. How is he going to suppress it when it is protectedin a large measure by the very men who ought to be engaged on theside of its suppression?

Mr. GqoODYKooNTZ. Did lie not suppress the Call?Mr. BLAN.,Tox. Yes; and he tried to suppress this paper; and lie is

doing everything that he can, so far as the loyal employees of thisGovernment have brought it about. Here it sa.s "A jaonal of con-structive anarchism," right at the top; and it advertises "Bread andfreedom," the biggest bolshevistic anarchistic paper published inRussia. And here it gives the place where it can be found, 133 EastThirty-fifth Street, New York City. Anarchism! Advertisingthat.

Now, let ine call your attention, concerning that very title-Mr. STEiEi. The power of the Attorney General is limited to pro-

hibition of transmission through the mails?Mr. BLANTON. Yes; his power is limited.Mr. HurED. May I ask you a question IMr. BLANTON. Ys, sill.Mr. Husiie. Do you happen to know whether lie has refused that

paper admission to ihe mails?Mr. BL.-NTox. Yes; certainly.Mr. HusT .D. It is still going through the mails?Mr. BLANTON. It is going through some way. This is July, 1919,

that I hold in my hand. Here is a letter that I have just receivedenclosing a copy of a letter that a gentleman wrote from Philadelphiaon December 7, 1919, to Hon, Albert S. Burleson, Postmaster General,Washington, D. C. This reads as follows:

PHILADELPHIA, PA., December 12, 1919.Hon. ALrER S. BuRLESON,

Postmaster General, Washington, D. 0.DEAR Sir: The anarchist paper Freedom Is regularly published surreptitiously,

though forbidden the use of the mails. A copy of It has been given to me, and

SEDITIONp SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 53

I now inclose some extracts from it which may be of Interest. It deals withthe Berkiman-Goldnman dinner and also a letter that Emma Goldman wrote.TIhe Harry Kelly whose name appears Is the editor, and the Leonard Abbott Isthe assistant editor and the friend of John B. Densmore, through whom he Is Intouch with William B. Wilson, Secretary of Labor. I hope to get two morecopies of the paper, and If so will send you and Attorney General Palmer eachone. You will see the overthrow of our Government is freely advocated.

Yours, very truly,FRANCIS RAtSTox WELSU.

109 South Fourth Street.

tFrancls Ralston Welsh, Investment bonds, 109-111 South Fourth Street.)

PHILADELPHIA, PA., December 9, 1919.Hon. THOMAs L. BLANTON,

House of Reprcsentatires, Woshngton, D. 0.DEAR MIS. LANTON: The Inclosed extracts from the anarchist monthly Free-

dona are, I think, well worth reading at once.Sincerely,

F. R. WELSH.I also sent a copy of letter to Mr. Albert Johnson.

That is by Francis Ralston Welsh, of 109 South Fourth Street,Philadelphii, Pa., a man who has done more to ferret out this propa-ganda and to help the Government rid itself of these anarchists thanany other man I know of in the country.

Here is a copy of a document that has been sent broadcast through-out this land entitled "Labor, Fe Your Prisoners," which is an-archistic from beginning to end. Note these paragraphs:

Labor, free your prisoners.It is necessary for the future liberty of this country that American

labor see to it tOat the prison doors swing open and set free the menand women who are suffering under war-time measures. There areover fifteen hundred such prisoners in the American jails to-day. Itis not only labor's absolute right., but if labor is to maintain its self-respect it must stand back of every man who is now in prison becauseof labor's struggle.

Demand-not only demand, but see to it-that there is an immediateamnesty to all the labor and political prisoners in the American jails.

Not only demanding that they see to it that there is immediateamnesty to all labor prisoners in American jails, but it preaches infavor of opening the jail doors by force, not by law, but by force;and this scattered throughout the land. The one who sends me this-of course, it is anonymously sent, but lie sends me the nominations ofthe workers--candidate for President, Eugene V. Debs for 1920, aman convicted and serving his sentence here in this country at thistime.

Mr. STE .LE. Conducting an active campaign?Mr. B xTON . Yes; and it goes on to say that if I happen to survive

so long, they may let me be official bootblack of the outfit.Mir. STEFLE. there is no connection between that paper and the

official organizations of labor, is there?Mr. BLANTON. No: but it shows how the idea, especially the idea

of labor, is that. of al anarchistic and bolshevistic organization, andthat is the result of that Margoli3 and William Z. Foster have beenworking hand in hand for, to uindernine the organization of thegovernment thrngh this organization.

oil SEDITION, SYNDICALISMp SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Mr. GooDYKooxNz. Do you not think that these people and theBolshevists are seizing upon labor and using it as an instrument?

Mr. BLANToN. Yes; because there are several millions of honest,loyal, law-abiding American citizens who are members of labororganizations. and would not stand for it if it was put up to them;but now they all know, buut some of them nevertheless stand backand seek to get the benefit of the acts of these lawless enemies.

Mr. STEELE. As a matter of fact, the leaders control all meetings.It was developed that less than 20 per cent of the members everattended their meetings.

Mr. ByA.xTON. Certainly: it is the radicals that control. I havevery little time; there is ; lot of this that I want. to get before theJudiciary Committee, but I can not. If you gentlemen want toask mie questions, I will spend what little time I have in answeringthem; but them is much of this that I want to get before you.

I do not agree with my colleague from New York, who says thatlie is not carried away by the idea of this matter having taken hold.If you were down with me in m y country out on one of those bigranches, and somebody should strike a match on one of thoseprairies in the grass, and if you have a bunch of cowboys rightthere who would get busy an(i work, they could put out the fire;hut if you let it gain headway, you could not put it out, and itwould burn. and burn, and burn; and sometimes destroy hundredsof thousand of acres. But you can stop it if you take it quickenough: and that is exactly what we have got to" do now; we havegot to begin in time with this and stop it, and let these infamousscoundrels know that this is a country of law and order and we arenot going to stand for it any longer.

To show you how it is interwoven. now, I an not going to makean attack upon the administration of the party of whici I am amember, merely, for I do not want it understood that r am attack-ing the Democratic administration or anything of the kind but Iwant to say that it is interwoven with our Government machinery.WVe Democrats are not responsible for it. only that we permit it toexist. It is something we have inherited. It is something that hasbeen here for vears. It is something that no one man who is Presi-dent can get rid of. If the President knew what I know about theLabor Department, lie would clean it up in 10 minutes; but it takesa long time to find these things out.

Mr. CuniE. Do you not think that rather a contrary disposition isshown 1)3 the President, by his having a man like Ilove for immigra-tion conmis-sioner at Newl York?

Mr. BLANTON. Oh, we tried for weeks to get the House to under-stan(" what kind of man he. was. Mr. LaGua..rdia's attacks upoi himmonths ago told what he was; vet we sat there and would not takeaction. We could have gotten action in a very short time. AVetried to cut his salary off in the House, and they would not do that.They said there was a better way to get rid of'him. But we couldhave gotten rid of him by cutting his salary off when the bill wasbefore us.

Here is a document entitled "Armistice Day" readingg:Armistice day mna. mMeilng. M Mki' peace with l1..ml'a, too. Fanpull H1il,

Tues ay, xovemhir 11, R pin. mu .Ie 1ky choir of the ItuSlauiI People's Church.Felix Frankfurter, presiding, formerly chairman of the National War Labor

Policies Board.

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Wilfred Humphrles, recently returned after a year in Central tussia andSiberia with the Red Cross and Committee on Public Information (with lantern-slide illustrations from personal photographs).

Samuel E. Morlson, attached to the American Peace Commission; expert ontRussia and the Baltic States.

ne-. Sydney B. Snow of King's Clhapel.The position of this romiuittee is that of Gen. Jan $4niuts. member of the

British Peace Commission at Paris and prime minister of the South AfricatRepublic: "Leave Russia alone, remove the blockade, adopt a policy of Gallio-like impartialilty to all factions."

Admission free.

What I was going to say is that meeting after meeting is allowedto continue.

Mr. CunIE. I just want to make this suggestion to Mr. Blanton.I piu in hearty accord with the purpose of which lie speaks. Yousaid that if the President understood these matters you knew thatlie would clean house in that. department. Now. he certainly under-stands what the policy is, does lie not, of Secretary Wilson, notonly in putting Immigration Commissioner Howe ip'in New York,but'in all these other natters to which you refer?

Mr. BLANTOX. lie has no more idea, of it than I have of what isgoil\ on in London right at this moment.

Mr. CufRIE. Do you not think lie knows about Howe's record in thepast, and his associations?

Mr. BLANTON. In what way would it be brought to his attention?Mr. CURRIE. If in no other'way, through the press.Mr. B~t.T%-ro. I want to call your attention to this-Mr. CURRIE. Here is one .thing that I want to bring to your atten-

tion. that the President seems to be in hearty accord within SecretaryWilson. as shown during the past week in his approving of Secre-tary Wilson's course in the coal-strike matter and taking his sideas against the Fuel Administrator, Mr. Garfield.

Mr. B -ANTON. I do not age with the President at all about that.

I want to say that. But I think that we have slept on our rightswhen we have permitted one man to decide the destiny of a greatpeople, so far as it was the, duty of Congress to make ihat decisionwith respect to those matters, both with respect to the coal and therailroad situation. We have'been passing the buck time and timeagain, when we ought to have done our dut as Members of Congress,and that is what I hope we will do in this b~ill.

The CHIABM.N. Your time is up, Mr. Blanton.Mr. STEELE. I would like to ask Mr. Blanton a question, if I may

bepermitted, Mr. Chairman. before lie finishes on that subject.The CHAIRMANX. Very well.Mr. STEELE. This is or information, as to the legal aspect of this

bill.In the second section of the bill, on page 2, where you prohibit

any combination with reference to the mining of coal,'how do youtnake the mining of coal in any State a Federal question?

Mr. Br,. Tox. I will show" you. There are just two ways thatanarchists can affect this country's industrial life, and that is withreference to food and with reference to fuel; something to eat andsomething to keep us warm in winter. Now, in reference to food,if thev could call a nation-wide railway strike from one side of theUnited States to the other they could starve to death in a short time

o SEDITION, SYNDICALISM. SABOTAGE) AND ANARCHY.

all of the big cities in this Nation. If they could continue a coalstrike in the winter time they could freeze'to death the people ofthis country. There are the avenues of working. It is a Federal,question whenever you get to interfering with interstate commerce.It is a Federal question when you get to interfering with carriageof the United States mails. 1h9enever yon stop a train carryinginterstate conmerce or carrying ULnited'_States mails you involvein that transaction a Federal question, and there is where the Con-gre.s of the United States has a right to come in to protect tiepeople; and you notice in those two provisions in my bill it seeks toprotect this nation with respect to railroad strikes tnd with respectto coal strikes, and you will notice, you lawyers on the committeewill notice, that it des involve a Fedteral question-I mean it doescome within the provisions that would inke it constitutional on aFederal question.

MAr. SrtmLr. It is under interstate commerce that you ground-the action?

Mr. BLANTOX. Yes; certainly, under that..fr. STEELE. Interstate commerce is limited to transportation,

under the decisions of the Sipreme Court.Mr. B1ANTO.. Yes; and whenever you stop coal-in other words,

whenever you interfere with the laying of tracks over which trainscould carry interstate commerce-you interfere with transportationit-self.

M.Ar. SW.L'.L. That is a direct interference. The question rins inmy mind whether the interfering with a mine in a State would beinterfering with interstate commerce.

The CIIAnWrLX. Mr. Maciregor, you are next.(The committee had under consideration the following bill intro-

duced by Mr. MacGregor:)Ill. Ii. 10210, Sixty-sixth Congresa, flrst ses.lon.

A BILL To prevent rioting and mob minaler. and provide for the protectior of life andproperty from lawkia depredation.

lie it cn'itcil by th1' .cWnat anio 1ousc of Rcprcientltircs of the Untited$Iate of .intiIh in ('Voiigrrs'* axacitibled, That wloever liiltes. sets on foot,i.s.lsts. or otlytlg-'s Il 1it, Insllrrvtiioll, or rll4llotn aigitist the authority offhp I'illed t41tal or ihe laws thereof or who shall oinblie with others todo violeic ito uny iitziuel of tie Unitedi 18iites or to destroy pruimlrty ullaw-fully shill be dt.(]iiu' guilty of sdllltiom anal shall loe IlprisoneIi not mitore Ilantwenly years or illdI it,41 Iacre thill $lt,WKN). or !,oli. aiI 1hat ily It'rsol*vo colietted --hall he lieid inkeligible for aipointient or election to any omcelii te i.'ederal -erviie of tile 1'lied Sl Hates.

SEv. 2. 'fliat tids itt isiill go into) elffet 1 i1ul,'iat1l0 after ItN past e.

STATEMENT OF HON. CLARENCE MacGREGOR, A REPRESENTATIVEIN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

Mr. Al.C(ir:l:o1. Mr. ('hiairnnn, I wanted to say just a word.There lists been a great (teal saidi here to-(hity with reference to hl-shevism, anarclhisin. etc. It has been lly etroIt to Iut out sollethiligthat will hve an illcot l tmhe control o;f that proposition. There isall element in oir country which is going to he it fair field for bol-sheet, effort, itild that is tile Colored people. I Jtapl))en to have acOnlsileild)le iiiiinhe in ny district. anldI at the timle of the rIlce riotsthey were ver.V illiullh lhred, anld( callie to i1mk. with their fears, aind

SEDITION, SYNDWCALIS-51, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 57

the bill that I have introdltc~d was primarily with that in mind.I think that we have got to do0 something more with reference to thefreedom uf thle life, liberty, and property of these people who havebeen brotight. here, and who are entitledl to thie protection of ourlaws, and I fear that if something is not done it will give great oj).poitunitv and field for thle propagation of the Bolshevist principle,,Ibecallse if we have a people here who feel that they are not beingProperly treated, they will certaily feel that they*are justified inieillleflv~ring to overthrow thle Government and have a Governmentformed which will give them pro, er' protection, and I trust that thiscommittee, in forming any legislation with reference to the condi-tions which exist, will bear tis question in mind.

(The committee had tinder consideration also thle following hill,introduced by 31r. Hadley :)

Ill. It. 10618. Sixty-slith Congret, first se-.son.JA 1111.1* To prohibit certain seditious acts, providing punishment thierefor. and prohibit-

Ing tile Use of the malls fur the( promuotioni of such acts, and for other pourose..

Bie It enacted by the Scuatc awln House of lnepresnalires of the 1 tilteddStates, of Aincri'w in ('ounfrexx aasm'mInild, Thut It shalum ip unlaiwful for allyperson to adlvocate. adiusIe. or Invite time overthrow tif tilt% tiovernitent of timeUnited States bsy fore' ter violence. itr lay force or violence tot resis-t or nvteingithist time authority of time toverrmmmemt or tile ('oisiltulion oft tile 11'miitedstiittk4 or tlie execution oft utmy law of tile lite tt teti-. or tot muvos'ate. tudvie.tsr excite %- chI mesiouive or reta'iim, ter ito write or knowinigly to print. itttii.iedlit, Issue. eirviule, ilist rilsit', le tm, ter qell uiny bo.14 iatmpilet, newspaper.document, iuilbill, or writteii tsr isiitd Imler of any formn witereii orwhereby tile overthrow tif tilt- tvelmitet iof tilt- i'ti Ntutes by force or vi.'-lence, or resisitinee Is) or relseillo iitiimt tilt, autliority of tile Ustvermunent ortiht, t'onatittion o ti te( Un11tite mates by force or violetme er rtvsstmmci- toe tsrrebellion agaitist time exec-ution (fsillmy laiw of tile Uitlei Stales by fore or vii..hence is titdvoiateti, ativisei. tsr ineuil.

Sirc. 2. Thamt iW shalli be unlawful for iny person to muvoate. aitivise. teach.or ju-Atify crime. seilition, violemee. ithmdton, or injury m ts m teans or wityof Affecting or resisting anly indtrial. ecolomi('. social, or riohitiviii viime.or to print, publsm, (41it, isser know~ingly lt seli. circulate. distributed . ordisplay ally book, Jni ti1et. isatiwr. Inindinlh, iloennent. or writteit or ilrintedImatter of uny forin titulvociwg. itiisig, teaching, oer justifyving crime. sediito.violence. iitimiltlatin. ter Itnjutry its itmm us or wily oftit lectitig or' resistingany intiustriah. emomicv. sosciatl. ter issittical t'hmtimge%. or to orgmitil'te or litch. tsorganlize, give 11141 to. lie it imietnhser tit, ter volutatriiy assetmblie with amy gr~oupi ofjwrsotns fasrmemi to iiocatte. ttil'. oer teas-i crime, seiitissn. violence. iniitanm-1ion, tor Injiury jitg it Iluetm oir wmmy ort t-Is'sitmg tsr resisting immmisirhil. em'onsmaicqocial, or polliisai change tsr toin'il lt advocatle, immvise, or itiite, or engmgm'it tiyvcutitg, mtdvisimmg. oer iwciting thei overthrow oft lilt, Cosvermnient of tileunitedl *States by force tsr- vissiemnee.

Stve. :. Thaint every bok. lhasnpsisi-t. mewssaper. sloentment. hmandillisi. or writtenor liritil statehiett, l itwot'utduitt, oer eoiit lea l 'ttisi of itiny formi wi ert-itor' wihereby tine, tvertmrtw o~f tile ti1overtnemt o titie Utmiteti 8t.ites bsy tsre oerViolence. ftr reismms (it sr r'h'ifiom mgntst thet, autiority it fliv, tisvermmtemmtior tint- ('sistitthdio tit tine 1ited IStmtes isy forves ter violionce. tsr reistance tot tsrrebellion tigaitsi tfite s'xectltm sof imy luiw ssf tis' Iitd Stites iby force tsr vim..lence Is ainsvoctedl, adtviseti, oitaidii, ter wumerei or whnereby tile list% of forves osrviolents tor phmiplai hijury tis or tilt' seizitre' or tiestrtstiolo of iserstins sir- ismots-erly Is 1111vocateti. 111dVIseti, osr ihited n,% tu invalis toward time titeoumisis-itnetm tfInduistrital, ectoitmic,. stt'idti 0 1' itilti'il t'lmtmtmge 1st hereby tis'dmii'sd to ieto ttattaisle, timi4d tile sMlie 141imu1l int 1st' ktmtwitmjgry dsitssl lt tlny post office fisl' imm11iiii1g.or lie knowigly s'omv-ys' lit it- wallths tit-i'lliveri'l tr-out sittl' litst olfis' osr isy allyletter vitamer: I'ivua'drit. Tht nmoting Ill tlss 1tt0 stimli lo ile 1so osiuesi ats to)*Uitimorivze unly ipersun other lisimi tmi s'miphmsyeeV4 Osf timeP i-ati iAtter 0)liite dulyauttiosrizedi time.tsit' other' listsi thsatm seartrs wmrt'ilutorizedti/At isy iltiw,to oi'i uity Ititter notstildesttt''sei tis itself.

05 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

Swc. 4. That whoever violates any of the provisions of this act shall be finednot more than $5,0M0 or Imprisoned not more than 20 years, or be punishedby both such fine and Imprisonment, and if an alien, upon the expiration ofhis sentence he shall be deported from the United States and forever barredfrom reentering the United States or any Territory under Its Jurisdiction.

STATEMENT OF HON. LINDLEY H. HADLEY, A REPRESENTATIVEIN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF WASHINGTON.

31r. HADLEY. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the very interestingstatements which we have heard, and instructive ones, will minimizethe necessity, of extending my statement upon the general questionto any considerable extent. Perhaps the best service that I can ren-der will be to direct or invite the attention of the committee to onefeature, at least, of a bill which I introduced, which may or may notbe covered by other bills, but which I apprehend has not been cov-ered, inasmuch as no reference has been made to that phase of thesuggested legislation.

Before doing that, however, I wish to say that following the Cen-tralia tragedy, to which reference has been made, and with whichthe country is quite familiar, the situation was so acute that it re-sulted quite naturally in communication with the delegation fromthe State of Washington, urging immediate consideration of suchlegislation as might be necessary to reach the condition involved.I knew that we had some very effective statutes in the State of Wash-ington, -which are petinent in the premises. anti I thought theywere probably sufficient to reach the local situation in the main,barring, of course, the question of the mailability of seditious matter.

However, on the 16th of November the prec carried copious no-tices of the report of the Department of Justice on the Senate reso-lution of inquiry as to what had been done with respect to radical-ism, and so forih, in the country, and I was quite amazed to see inthe press reports of that date the outline of the defects which itwas represented, and no doubt correctly so. existed with respect tolegislation in the premises.

I infer from a statement made earlier in the morning hearingthat some representative of that department has been before thecommittee already. Is that correct, Mr.-Chairman?

The CHAIRMAN. Yes..Mr. HADLEY. And therefore that may have been fully covered.

I will notgo into it further than to say that I have before me arecital purporting to review some of tle representations made inthat report and without extending it, it touched upon these particu-lar points, among others:

Thht the preaching of anarchy and sedition is not a crime underthe general statutes of the United States.

Another: Advising the defiance of law is not a crime under thegeneral criminal laws, whether the same be done by printing andcirculating literature or by the spoken word.

Nor is advising and openly advocating the unlawful obstructionof industry and the unlawful and violent destruction of propertya crime under the United States general statutes.

The Attorney General is quoted as stating, here in this pressreport, that his opinion has been formed only after consultationwith and advice from the leading criminal lawyers of the country.

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANAWBHY. iV

This also sets forth the situation with respect to the publicationof radical newspapers of the country.

I assume all of that has been covered. I mention these matters asthe basis of the. reason that actuated me in introducing the billH. R 10016 which I did the next day after the appearance of thosearticles in tie local press. I had before me tile Senate bill to whichreference has been made.

I framed a bill *which preserved substantially all of the elementsof section I of that bill, but having in mind first the desire to incor-porate in the bill the provisions as to syndicalism contained in thestatutes of the State of Washington I modified the first section ma-terially first, is to forin and, second, so as to carry forward intothe second section, which is really embodied within the terms of thesyndicalism statute to which I referred, those features which relatedto injuries; to persons and property, etc.

Now, succinctly, without reviewing the bill in detail, the pointscovered by it are these: In the first section it is miade unlawful toadvocatetadvise, or incite the overthrow of the Government of theUnited States by force or violence. That is the first proposition.Its second proposition is:

Or by force or violence to resist or rebel against the authority of the Govern-ment or the Coastlitution of the United States, or the exeLtion of any law ofthe Uniti States.

The third proposition is:Or to adirciate, advise, or incie such resistance or re'bellion.

And in that connection I would make note that in section 1, line 8,of the bill, there is an error in the printing of the bill in that theword "excite" occurs, for which there should be substituted thoword "incite.' That is a misprint.

Mr. STE.P.LE,. Is there not a provision in the Penal Code now suchas that '?

Mr. HIMLEY. I do not know. It was in the other bill reported bythe Senate committee. I did not have the time then, the time beingso short before the. adjournment, to go into an exhaustive examina-tion of the existing statutes, and I accepted the report by theAttorney General, and as the other bill covered it. I included it.

The fourth proposition covers the printed word and the. circulationof seditious matter-I need not read that-and the other elementswhich are previously included in connection with the spoken wordor the IhIy sical act.

Mr. IV1uSED. I think it was stated the other day before the com-mittee that the existing law covers only the case of conspiracy;that. it does not cover the individual act.

Mr. STEME.,. That may be. I remember that there was some pro-vision on the subject, hut I wits a little foggy as to its precisephraseology.

Mr. H.%DEtvy. I will say that this newspaper rel)ort of the AttorneyGeneral's statement says that those who have attempted to bringabout the forcible oi'erthrow of the Government of the UnitedStates have committed no crime unless their acts amount to treason,rebellion, or seditious conspiracy, and lie says this is defined insections 1. 4. and 0 of tile crnmino'lcode. I do not know hlow reliable

60 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY.

that is, it being taken from a newspaper report, but I state it forwhat it is worth, as appearing in the press.

Now, I referred to the syndicalism statute of the State of Wash-ington, which I incorporated in section 2 of this bill (H. R. 10616) ;but, before coming to that. I carried the nonniailable feature aspresented in the Sterling bill, and also in the Summers bill and theByrnes bill, I believe, except that I included the word "knowingly,"making it apply to one who shall knowingly sell, circulate, distribute,or display any book, phmphlet, paper, and so forth, or knowinglyconvey in the mails.

Mr. STE.Fjx. Section 2. you say, is practically a copy of the Wash-ington State statute?

Mr. HAl .IXY. Yes. I wanted to call attention to that statute fora moment. I have it here. and in order that there may be no.mis-apprehension of its terms I desire to read the first section into therecord. It is in the second section of my bill, although it is slightlymodified to fit the text of this hill. I will just read it. [Reading:]

.eCTIO. 1. Wiviever shall (1) advocate, ndvise, teach, or Justify crime, sedl-lion. vlulence. Intlnildittio, or Injury as a means or way of effecting or re-silsting tiny industrial, ec -oionic. social, or political change; or (2) print, pub-lish, edit, Issue, or knowingly sell. circulate, distribute, or display any hook,lnamphlet, pmluwr, handbill, document, or written or printed matter of anyforimi. ii(lvfKittlllg, ndvl.Ing teaching, or Justifying crime, sedition, violence,Intimidation, or Injury II i inwn or way of effecting or resisting any Indus-tril, econoilie, schal. or Imillticol change; or (3) organize or help to organize,give ald to, fe i mier of or voluntarily i.sst~mle with tny grollmp of lier~onsfornidl to lttiK'at. advise, or tea.h crime, selition, violence, Intimidation, orinjury a. it an tan. or wity cif effeetig or resisting any industril, ecoimonile,social, or political elange. shll he gilty of a felony.

Those last. Words, "shall be guilty of it felony." are dropped outbecause by the text of this bill I pioi)vide to make it unlawful, pro-viding (he )unishment liter.

Mr1. STEE.E. If I llay inlterl'lll)t you just at umlOllent. if it will notbreak the. thread of your argrument-

Mr. ]IAIJnEY. Certainly.Mr. STFFEIE. It is only for my information I would like to ask

this. 'This is a statute I;a.ed b the State. which has general policeJ)ower.s on the, whole subject. The Federal Government, of course,is limited to somle. power given to it tinder tl( Constitution.

Mr. ll.ui)1kY. Yes.Mr. STEELE. Do you think that geieraI power woulh fit in with

tile Federal Power?Mr. H ,ADLEY. I think so; ye.s; under a Constitution such as ours,

which in its decla d purixmse recites. them to le to insure domestictranquillity, among other things, and to promote the common wel-fare, and which lais confei red u)on Congress. express power to pro-mote the general welfare; and, further, in that connection, to pas. allnece. -ar- legislation to carry such lowers into effect, When suchconditions exist its are shown to exist by the statements alreadyput in tile record this morning. and no douht earlier, when the gen-eral welfare and tranquillity and peace of the country are at issue,it seems to tue that these Irovisions of the State statutes are alikea pplicable in Federal legislation and would therefore be constitu-tional; and, let me say in that connection, that it is inder that statutethat the State of Washington is now engaged in the prosecution of

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM., SABOTAGE, AND ANAMOHY. tij.

numerous cases to which reference has been made. It was enactedin 1919 and approved on the 19th day of March.

I have seen through the pres reports within the last week that itsconstitutionality has been sustained by a number of trial courts-thesuperior court of that State is the title of the court-and by men ofrank and distinction on the bench, with whom I am acquainted, andin whose legal ability I have great confidence. I am not aware thatit has been p~a. d 1)01n b y the State court of last resort, but I can notconceive that it would not be constitutional under the Federal Con-stitution.

'Po that s tatute I have added this provision: " Or formed to advo-cate, advise., or incite, or engaged in advocating, advising, or incitingthe overthrow (if the governmentt of the United States by force orviolence."

That is applicable to the organization of groups of individuals, suchas are referred to in the Washington statute.

I bring the statute of the State of Washington into this suggestedbill because it appears to be the only effective means to which theynow have access, in the absence of Federal legislation, in the Stateto reach a good many of the cases that are pending at this time; andit is always desirable, I think, to have, when it is within the jurisdic-tion of the Federal Government, a combination of the State and Fed-eral authority and the cooperation of both arms of the Governmentin a matter of such material consequence as this.

I have a number of communications, Mr. Chairman, that have cometo me from time to time, which would be cumulative, but it might bewell to present in connection with this statement one or two that aretypical without burdening the record or the attention of the com-nuttee with nanv.

I incorporate here as a part of this statement two such communica-tions, one being a letter with a copy of resolution from Everett Lodge,No. 479, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Everett. Wash.,concurred in by the Everett Rotary Club, and another telegram fromthe Employers' Asoeiation of Washington.

EVI;RErr LoucI, No. 479,I1:.N IV1oXLT AN I )E 'rT:V: ORD :R OF ELKS.

E'rerelt, Washinglon, Norember 15, 1919.HOil. IN HAluLY, M. C.,

I)i:t.u1I4i: Atilwled here'to t) cojy of rnN.olton atlopted by Everett Lodge,No. 479, Benievolenit alnd Protective Order of ]Iks, at at regular limeeting heldThurndlaiy, Noveilner 13, anld concurred In by the Everelt Rotary Club at theirregilaur liielllg, l.rlday, 'Novemi *r 14.

Your lromlpt mud earliest counslderation Is respe.tfully urged.Very truly, yours.

BENEVOI.ENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS. No. 470,It. A. STi. AT, I.'zraltcd Ruler.

Attest:3. T . ROGERS, secretary.

EvEREsrr ROTARY CLUB.E. B. NEvIELER, Presfdenml.

Attest:It. ZISIMIIERAN, Secretary.

62 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND AITAROHY.

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY E 'ERFFrr LODGE, NO. 419, BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDEROF ELKS, NOVEMBER 13, 1019.

Be it resored by lrerctt Lodge, No. 470, of the Benerolent and Protceti'oOrder of Elks, That we view with deep concern the spread of disloyalty and ofseditious sentiment promulgated by the syndicalists, 1. W. W.'s and the Bolsheviki.

We believe that the time has arrived when Americus should assert them.selves and drive front these shores all disloyal aliens and adequately punishthose who betray their country by disloyal acts. We hereby call upon theUnited States Congre." to inutedlately enact a law providing for the summarydeportation of every allens lit tis country wit is it nieniber of the 1. W. W. orany other organization of like teachings and tendencies.

That the law should further provide for Isniaedlate cancellation of the vitizen-ship papers of any naturalized citizen who shall aflillate with any muci orgiui-zation, and for drastic punishment of all persons who belong to, or who upholdthe doctrines of such organizations.

We believe that no person should be permitted to isue or to circulate anywriting or pamphlet which has for Its apparent object the undernifning ofAmerican Institutions or the Inciting of rebellion.

We further demand that Congress forthwith appropriate sufficient moneyto carry forward properly and promptly the deportation of undesirable aliens.

Be it further resolved, That the entire membership of this lodge does herebytender its services to Gov. Hart and to Chief of Police Kelly for any assistancewhich the said officials may desire.

It Is ordered that a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to Gov. Hart,Chief of Police Kelly, and to the Senators andl Representatives front this Stateto Congress, and that a telegraphlic copy be immediately wired to CongressmanLin Hadley.

SEArrix, W.Sh., Norember L, 1919.Hon. L,. I. HALu.v.

House of Rcpresentatires, 'ashIngtotn.Whereas the teachings of radicalisin lit this State h:ave resulted in the de-

liberate murder of four unarmed returned overseas soldiers elebrating Arios-tice Day at Centralia, nd( whereas these Anerican boys were shot down frontambush by followers of the red flag, and whereas the country is being floodedwith treasonable and seditious literature advocaUng the overthrow of Govern-ment destruction of property and armed invasion upon the citizens of theUnited States, amid whereas It Is proposed to tear down the Ntars and Stripesand substitute tie red flog of anarchy, and whereas this movement is being pro.moted, fostered, ati carried on by the organization known as. the i. W. W.:Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the Employers' Associatlon of the State of Wtshln ,Ion. Thatwe demand Immediate action by Congress to the end that the I. W. W. shallbe designated by Federal statute as a treasonable, seditious. and traitorousorganization, and we further demand that legislation be enacted inmellately toprovide the necessary machinery of law to stamp out sedition snd treason ofevery character wherever found: And be it further

Resolved, That such action by Congress Is necesary to meet an existingemergency and to prevent the massacre of another Amnerlcan citizen.

THE EMPLOYERs' ASSOCIATION OF WASIINOTON',By I. Z. (.IRBETF, Presidenat.

B. W. S.AYER, ecettary.

With reference to the penalty of this bill, as I have drawn it andsuggested it, I have not provided for denaturalization. In the caseof an alien, after providing for both fine and inprisonnment of allwho violate the law, I provide as follows:

And If an allen, ipon the expiration of his sentence, lie shall be deported fronttne United States and forever barred fromn reentering the United States or anyTerritory under its Jurisdiction.

SEDITION, SYNDICALISM, SABOTAGE, AND ANARCHY. 01

In answer to tme suggestion of one gentleman, a member of thecommittee, I had the thought, as I understood his question to implythat lie had. that there should be express punishment on the part ofthis country before the deportation, and the subsequent deportationand barring from readimmis-sion. That is a matter for consideration,of course.

I also had the further thought. in the hasty preparation of thisbill, on the day following the notice I had of the want of Federalauthority, that" there might be a confusion of authority, and possiblysome difficulty in providing for the denaturalization 'of the citizen;but if there is not, then I suggest to the committee that I think itwould be well to add to this or any similar bill under consideration,that provision, and that. in tie case of a citizen, lie should be de-naturalized.

The CmAIR31m ar. Doyou not think it is a doubtful policy to denatu-ralize? This countirv has always insisted that we had a right tonaturalize foreign eiiizens. whi:h. of course, would imiply that thenaturalized citizens would lose their citizenship in a foreign countryfron which they originally came. If that is true. that they lose theircitizenship by I6einf natumrlized here, where would we send them to?What countrY wouhi we send them . '

Mr. H.%Uiy. If we denaturalized one of our own citizens?The CHAiRMAN. Yes; if we denaturalized them?Mr. HADLE . I recognize that as one of the difficult phases, and I

did not incorporate in this bill any provision for denaturtlization.The CIHAIRMAN. We have insisted with foreign Govermnents for

many years that a person had a right to change his nationality.r. HADLEY. If I have time sufficient remaining, I would like to

read a short editorial from the Seattle Post-Intelligencer in regardto the tragedy at Centralia. Wash. This is from the issue of Decent-ber 9, 1919. "However. there is a call of the House, is there not?

The CHAIRMANx. Yes.Mr. HADLEY. Very well; I must stop.The ChARMAIN. Vou may insert that in the printed report of this

hearing.Mr. HADLEY. Thank 'ou.The following is the editorial referred to:

DOING PATRIOTh WORK.

The patriotic citimle. (of ("entramla are doing a patriotic duty when they givea first-hand and complete account of the outrage which so shocked the Nation.With the best intention%, tile newspapers, gathering their facts in their ownhurry ntad in the coniflsion thit tiltleis eirctulnslances of this character, are aptto leave gaps In tile narrative, to develop contradletions, and to miss significantdata. This Inherent fault of dally journalisnm the Centralia speakers are rei-edying and are doing their chosen work well.

One of the fundamental ilifferelnces Ietween the stores of ite speakers andthose of tie newspapers Is that the foriner are.able to go back to tile origin ofthe conditions which led up to the (entralia ina.mere. They can trace the dis.loyal activitlea of the I. W. W. and tMe red radicals supporting themn all throughthe period of the war, mitimig out the accuimulation of disloyal offenses, theunderhanded sditlion, the trasmtis just witllin the law, the everlasting naggingat the law, which cane to 1s murdertis co mluson on Armistice Day.

The lesson to be learnel front tile Centralia massacre, as decriled by thespeakers before the Amerlcm Legion Is simple, but vital. Disloyalty must not

64 SEDITION, SYNDICALISM , SABOTAGE, AND ANAROHY.

be tolerated. No good can come of pallihtion, of coinpromising, of ignoring.

it must be crushed out at the beginning, at the first sign of Its existence, wher-

ever and whenever it Is found. Centralln, like almost every other community

Infested as It was, drifted along, exasperated but procrastinating. Whatever of

Individual effort was made, was minde spasmodlcliy, was productive of anger,

but not of respect. An uncertain policy, wavering, giving signs of activity to-

day, subsiding to-morrow, only bretl4ds contempt. Mean milnds can understand

no other reason for this than fear; they ktow nothing of a doubt that comes of

being eoselentious, of a hesitation that is not cowardly, and the cynical critai-

als among the radicals openly boast of the advantages to be taken of their

adversaries' fairness.The result in Centralia was Inevitablh. If It had not happened in Centralia,

It would have happened In some other community. All this the speakers from

Centralia tell us with a logic that can not be ignored. It is for us and for every

community iln the State and Nation to mark well their words, to note the symp-

toins which they relate, and to set ourselves and this be prepared to extirpate

the disease.

(Thereupon, at 12 o'clock m., the committee adjourned.)