Sedimentary Rock 12/2/14

4-3 pgs. 87-90IN: What are the two compositional classifications for igneous rocks? How can you determine their texture? Which rocks fit in each category?

sedimentary rock sediment

magmaco

oling,

crysta

llizati

on

weath

erin

g

and e

rosio

n

compaction, cementation

melting

hig

h t

em

pera

ture

gre

at

pre

ssure

igneous rock

metamorphic rock

HOW DOES SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORM?

1. Weathering and erosion of rock into sediment (sand).

2. Compaction and cementation back into rock.

WEATHERING AND EROSIONWind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause rock to weather into fragments (weathering).

These small fragments are called sediment.

SEDIMENTSSediments are transported from one place to another (erosion)WaterWindGravity

COMPACTIONThe layers eventually become compacted.

CEMENTATIONDissolved minerals separate out of the water to form a natural glue that binds the sediments together.

STRATA The layers of sedimentary rock that form from the deposition of sediment.

These strata form oldest on bottom, youngest on top.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKForm at or near the Earth’s surface.

Their physical features tell part of Earth’s history.

They are the onlyrocks that containfossils.

COMPOSITION

1. Clastic2. Chemical3. Organic

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKForms when rock or minerals fragments, called clasts, stick together.SandstoneConglomerateShale

Names of clastic sedimentary rock are based on grain size.

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKForms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock.limestone

ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKForms from the remains of organisms.fossiliferous limestone

SEDIMENTARY ROCK STRUCTURESStratification is the layering of rock.

Strata differ from one another depending on the kind, size, and color of their sediment.

STRATASometimes records the motion of wind and water waves.

CONGLOMERATE

Sedimentary rock that resembles concrete.ClasticCoarse-grained

SANDSTONE

Sedimentary rock formed from sand.ClasticCoarse-grained

SHALE

Sedimentary rock also known as mudstone.ClasticFine-grained

FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE

Sedimentary rock made from shells and coral.Organic

OUT: What are some features of sedimentary rocks?