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61° N

60° N

59° N

58° N

57° N

56° N142° W

55° N

54° N

53° N

140° W

138° W

136° W

51° N

50° N

49° N

48° N

134° W132° W

130° W 128° W 126° W 124° W 122° W120° W

118° W

116° W

114° W48° N

49° N

50° N

51° N

52° N

53° N

54° N

55° N

56° N

57° N

58° N

60° N

59° N

61° N114° W

116° W118° W

120° W122° W124° W126° W128° W130° W

132° W134° W

136° W

138° W

140° W

142° W

S1

S4North Star

SullivanPAKK

S9

S10S11

S12

S13S14

S15

Kootenay King

S17S19

S20

S21,22,25Mosquito King

S24

S26,28S27

Cirque

S30

S31

S32

S33

S34

S35

S37

S38

S39

S40S41

S42

S43

S44

S45

S46

S48

S50

S51

S52

S55S57

S59

S60

S61

S62

S63

S64

S65

Akie

Stemwinder

S49,53

S54

S56,58S18

Hope Trail

Atlin

Vernon

Fernie

Nelson

Golden

Lytton

Masset

Juneau

Kelowna

NanaimoOsoyoos

Merritt

Quesnel

Kitimat

Stewart

Skagway

Calgary

Terrace

Houston

Victoria

Kamloops

Rossland

Lillooet

Smithers

Sandspit

Chetwynd

Okanogan

Republic

Hazelton

Vancouver

CourtenayPrinceton

CranbrookKimberley

CastlegarPenticton

Invermere

Valemount

MacKenzie

Greenwood

Port Hardy

Revelstoke

Dease Lake

Bellingham

Vanderhoof

Grand Forks

Bella Coola

Peace River

Fort Nelson

Watson Lake

Cache Creek

Fraser Lake

Dawson Creek

Fort St John

Prince Rupert

Williams Lake

Fort St James

Prince George

Campbell River

Grande Prairie

Queen Charlotte City

Germansen Landing

KingfisherM2-4,37-41

M5

M6-9

Big Ledge

M11

M12

River JordanEX1

Ruddock Creek

M19

M26

M35

M36

M43

M44

M45

M46,47

M50-52

M53

M54

M55

M56

M57,58

M59M60,61

M62

M63

M64

M65

M20-25,27-33

M42

M48

M49

M34

I1HBJersey

I5,6,18,19,33

I7, 10, 12-14, 34, 36

I9,35,37

Reeves MacDonald

Wigwam

I22-24

I25-28

I38Abbott

I40

I41, 42, 44

I43

I45

I46

MastodonI54,56

I55,60

I57

I58

I59

I61

I63

I3,16,17,30,31

I8

Annex

Emerald

Hunter V

I47-51

J & L (Yellowjacket)

Duncan

Cottonbelt

B1B2

B3

Omineca Queen

B5B6

B7

KwadachaB9

B10B11

B12

B13B14 B15

B16

B17B18

B19, 21,22,25B20, 23,24, 26-29,44

B30-34,45-47

B36

Ewen BariteB38

B39

B40

B41

B42

B43

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March 31, 2000

What is a Sedex deposit?A sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) deposit is

"a sulphide deposit formed in a sedimentary basin by the submarine venting of hydrothermal fluids and whose principal ore minerals are sphalerite and galena" - Lydon, 1996

Mineralization takes place on or immediately below the seafloor penecontemporaneously with the deposition of the host sediments. Sedex deposits show a continuum with VMS deposits, depending upon the proportion of volcanic material in the basin, and with mantos and Mississippi Valley type deposits in carbonate sequences.

Though a comparatively rare deposit type globally, they are a major souce of zinc, lead and silver and include such world class deposits as Broken Hill (Australia), Navan (Ireland), Gamsberg (South Africa), Meggen (Germany), Red Dog (Alaska), Howard�s Pass (Yukon) and Sullivan (BC).

How important are they?

CAUTION: This map has been plotted using a HP 650C DesignJet Plotter. The ink used is not waterproof. It will also fade if exposed to bright light. A digital file can be downloaded from http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/geology/ Basemap and geology amended from Journeay and Williams (1995); Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2948 (v1.0)Albers Equal Area Projection: standard parallels 50º00´N and 58º00´N.

Distribution of Sedimentary-hosted Exhalative Deposits by Physiographic Belt

Distribution of Sedimentary-hosted Exhalative Deposits by Terrane

Distribution of Sedimentary-hosted Exhalative Deposits by Stratigraphic Age

1: Uncertain ages mostly undivided Devono-Missippian2: Uncertain ages undivided Proterozoic-Lower Paleozoic

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Beeson, R. (1990): Broken Hill-type Lead-Zinc Deposits - An Overview of their Occurrences and Geological Setting; The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Transactions, Section B, volume 99, pages 163-175.

Hoy, T. (1987): Geology of the Cottonbelt lead-zinc magnetite layer, carbonatites and alkalic rocks in the Mount Grace area, Frenchman cap dome, southeastern British Columbia; B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Bulletin 80.

Hõy, Trygve (1996): Irish-type Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb, in Selected British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 2 - Metallic Deposits, Lefebure, D.V. and Hõy, T, Editors, British Columbia Ministry of Employment and Investment, Open File 1996-13, pages 21-24.

Hõy, T. (1996): Broken Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag+/-Cu, in Selected British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 2 - Metallic Deposits, Lefebure, D.V. and Hõy, T, Editors, British Columbia Ministry of Employment and Investment, Open File 1996- 13, pages 117-120.

Lydon, J.W. (1996): Sedimentary Exhalative Sulphides (Sedex); in Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, Eckstrand, O.R., Sinclair, W.D. and Thorpe, R.I., Editors, Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 8, pages 130-152 (also Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, volume P-1).

Lydon, J.W., Höy, T. , Slack, J.F. and Knapp, M.E. (2000): The Geological Environment of the Sullivan Deposit; Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, MDD Special Volume 1.

MacIntyre, D.G. (1991): SEDEX - Sedimentary-Exhalative Deposits; in Ore Deposits, Tectonics and Metallogeny in the Canadian Cordillera, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Reources, Paper 1991-4, pages 25-70.

MacIntyre, Don (1995): Sedimentary Exhalative Zn-Pb-Ag, in Selected British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 1 - Metallics and Coal, Lefebure, D.V. and Ray, G.E., Editors, British Columbia Ministry of Energy of Employment and Investment, Open File 1995-20, pages 37-39.

Maynard, J.B. and Okita, P.M. (1991): Bedded Barite Deposits in the United States, Canada, Germany, and China: Two Major Types Based on Tectonic Setting; Economic Geology, volume 86, pages 364-376.

Nelson, J.L. (1991): Carbonate-hosted Lead-Zinc (± Silver, Gold) Deposits of British Columbia; in Ore Deposits, Tectonics and Metallogeny in the Canadian Cordillera, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Reources, Paper 1991-4, pages 71-88.

Paradis, S., Simandl,G., MacIntyre, D., and Orris, G.J. (1998): Sedimentary-hosted, Stratiform Barite; in Geological Fieldwork 1997, British Columbia Ministry of Employment and Investment, Paper 1998-1, pages 24F-1 to 24F-4.

Parr, J.M and Plimer, I.R. (1993): Models for Broken Hill-type Lead-Zinc-Silver Deposits; in Mineral Deposit Modelling, Kirkham, R.V., Sinclair, W.D., Thorpe, R.I. and Duke, J.M., Editors, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 40, pages 253-288.

Selected Bibliography

Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb (Irish type)Ì Past Producer (>200 T)#S Occurrence

Sediment-hosted stratiform barite#S Occurrence

Metasediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag±Cu(includes Shushwap & Broken Hill types)

Ì Past Producer#S Occurrence

ProducerPast Producer (>200 T)Occurrence#S

Ì

Clastic-sediment hosted exhalative Zn-Pb-Ag

Key to Sedex types

Potential also exists for sedimentary hosted Ni-Zn-Mo-PGE and Blackbird sediment-hosted Co-Cu within British Columbia, although no occurrences have yet been reported.

SEDIMENTARY HOSTED EXHALATIVE DEPOSITS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

Scale 1:2,000,000100 0 100 200 Km

Compiled by N. W. D. Massey

Geological Survey Branch

OPEN FILE 2000-22

Sedex occurrences compiled from MINFILE.Comments and additional data by Regional Geologists and staff of the Geological Survey Branch.

Purcell-Wernecke Supergroups (Middle Proterozoic)

Monashee Complex orthogneiss (Lower Proterozoic)

Monashee Complex paragneiss (Lower Proterozoic)

Proterozoic

Rocky Mountains Group (Cambrian - Devonian)

Milford Group (Carboniferous)

Earn Group (Devonian - Mississippian)

Slide Mountain Group (Devonian - Triassic)

Paleozoic

Gog Group (Upper Proterozoic - Lower Cambrian)

Proterozoic - Paleozoic

Eagle Bay Assemblage (Upper Proterozoic - Paleozoic)

LEGEND

Geology amended from Journeay and Williams (1995); Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2948 (v 1.0).

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