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SECURITY AND SPATIAL PLANNING SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL PLANNING

Subject: Socio-Economic basis for planning

First Semester

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Department of ArchitectureFaculty of Technology & Engineering

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara .

ABHISHEK JANI (01)10/28/2013

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WHAT IS SPATIAL PLANNING? This is an activity centered on making decisions relating to the location and distribution of landuse activities. The challenges of spatial planning change as society develops.

ROLE OF SPATIAL PLANNING

Spatial planning aims to create and maintain the qualities of urban areas and the countryside.

To provide a secure environment to every individual.

Fulfilling the aims of efficiency and democracy through public participation.

Meeting the challenge of sustainable development.

To ensure that the utilization of land resources is planned and implemented in an organizedmanner to meet the needs of present and future generation.

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SECURITY AND SPATIAL PLANNING

Security is concern with the social belonging of every individual. A feel good factor for everyindividual, from every individual.

Security in relation with spatial planning requires an integrative and comprehensive planningapproach in order to rationalize the appropriate land use activities . It is suppose to facilitate thelives of every individual regardless of gender, age or levels of ability . It should promote andmandate the use of universal design principles to ensure that built environments are accessible ,safe and secure to the widest possible range of individuals.

Every social group that has any degree of cohesion also has norms . These norms regulate behaviour, dress, and forms of language and even in some cases define entirely local aspects ofspoken language.

Social norms then are extremely powerful in that they give security to people in the group,allowing them to behave in a regulated way without fear of their behaviour being thought to beinappropriate by their neighbours, colleagues and friends. Social norms form someof the most fundamental components of the language of space.

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2. Gender: gender sensitivity tends to be forgotten category in planning process, beyond theissue of distribution of public toilets. It is necessary to identify the expectations and needs bothof men and women from planning system. The vital issues include: Gaining gendered understanding of safety and security in order to ensure places andspaces are safe for all.

How people use those places and what constitutes effective that works well foreveryone. How people want to live their lives and local facilities they need. For women risk of personal safety is a matter of concern, for instance vegetation is thebiggest issue due to poor lighting and surroundings that might hide attackers.Disability: For individuals facing disability, the entire built environment, including transport has

the potential to act as barrier to all form of social engagements. In fact everyone experiencesproblems in using the built environment at some time in their adult lives due to injuries, illnessor pregnancy. That indicates with growing age we may face multiple impairments, like decreasedmobility and visual/ hearing impairments. Provision of accessible features can benefit thosecarrying heavy loads and luggage, or pushing pram and bicycles. An inclusive approach to designtherefore has the potential to bring benefits at one point or another to most users.

A ramp over steps for wheel chair users will also be helpful someone pushing pram.For visually impaired pedestrians- change in pavement texture can be made into decorativeelements for pavements.Co-housing to boost housing affordability can be valuable for individuals with mental illness orintellectual disabilities.Sufficient lighting for adequate visibility around the area,

A clear spatial layout adjacent to housing to permit social monitoring

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SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL PLANNING

WHAT IS SOCIAL STRUCTURE? In basic term it is and abstract and intangible phenomenon.Social structure is the basic concept for the proper understanding of society. Social structure isconcerned with the principal forms of social organization i.e. types of groups, associations, andinstitutions and the combination of these which constitute societies

Social structure is a phenomenon that is closely associated with space. From ancient times, itcan be observed that social structure has had definite spatial patterns. The group of belongin tothe upper caste or the group that was predominant, occupied the area that surrounded thenucleus.

As days progressed, the caste has remained but the occupational traits of the various castegroups have undergone definite changes.

Spatial distribution of population in rural communities is influenced by castes and one tends to

see cluster of population belonging to the same caste and social structure in a particularlocation.

In urban communities, however, with the increasing growth of urbanisation and increasing rateof migration, this relationship between social structure and space is less.

Another important characteristic that is tobe found inurban communities is that spatial locationsarealso influenced by economicfactors.

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Caste aslo influence in urban community . For suitable location for residence, the first questionis normally asked by the person who is seeking the location is, who are the people living nearbyand what are their castes?

Lands are costly or scare in urban area. Preferences of the consumer are only secondarywhereas the availability of land assumes primary importance.

Thus, social structure and spatial forms and patterns are irrevocably interwined with oneanother with the physical representation of the former giving rise to latter.