Security and ethical challenges in mis
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Transcript of Security and ethical challenges in mis
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Welcome to Our Presentation
Angry Birds
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IT Security, Ethics, and Society Business Ethics Categories of Ethical Business Issues Computer Crime Hacking Common Hacking Tactics Cyber Theft Unauthorized Use at Work Internet Abuses in the Workplace Software Piracy Theft of Intellectual Property Viruses and Worms Top Five Virus Families of all Time The Cost of Viruses, Trojans, Worms Adware and Spyware Spyware Problems Privacy Issues Opt-in Versus Opt-out Protecting Your Privacy on the Internet Health Issues Security Management of IT Security Management Internetworked Security Defenses Public/Private Key Encryption Internetworked Security Defenses Internet and Intranet Firewalls Internetworked Security Defenses Information System Controls 4
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IT has both beneficial and detrimental effects on society and people Manage work
activities to minimize the detrimental effects of IT
Optimize the beneficial effects
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Ethics questions that managers confront as part of their daily business decision making include: Equity Rights Honesty Exercise of corporate power
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Computer crime includes Unauthorized use, access, modification, or
destruction of hardware, software, data, or network resources
The unauthorized release of information The unauthorized copying of software Denying an end user access to his/her own
hardware, software, data, or network resources Using or conspiring to use computer or network
resources illegally to obtain information or tangible property
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Hacking is The obsessive use of computers The unauthorized access and use of networked
computer systems Electronic Breaking and Entering
Hacking into a computer system and reading files, but neither stealing nor damaging anything
Cracker A malicious or criminal hacker who maintains
knowledge of the vulnerabilities found for private advantage
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Denial of Service Hammering a website’s equipment with too many requests for
information Clogging the system, slowing performance, or crashing the site
Scans Widespread probes of the Internet to determine types of computers,
services, and connections Looking for weaknesses
Sniffer Programs that search individual packets of data as they pass through the
Internet Capturing passwords or entire contents
Spoofing Faking an e-mail address or Web page to trick users into passing along
critical information like passwords or credit card numbers
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Trojan House A program that, unknown to the user, contains instructions that
exploit a known vulnerability in some software Back Doors
A hidden point of entry to be used in case the original entry point is detected or blocked
Malicious Applets Tiny Java programs that misuse your computer’s resources, modify
files on the hard disk, send fake email, or steal passwords War Dialing
Programs that automatically dial thousands of telephone numbers in search of a way in through a modem connection
Logic Bombs An instruction in a computer program that triggers a malicious act
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Buffer Overflow Crashing or gaining control of a computer by sending too much data to
buffer memory Password Crackers
Software that can guess passwords Social Engineering
Gaining access to computer systems by talking unsuspecting company employees out of valuable information, such as passwords
Dumpster Diving Sifting through a company’s garbage to find information to help break
into their computers
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Many computer crimes involve the theft of money
The majority are “inside jobs” that involve unauthorized network entry and alternation of computer databases to cover the tracks of the employees involved
Many attacks occur through the Internet
Most companies don’t reveal that they have been targets or victims of cybercrime
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Unauthorized use of computer systems and networks is time and resource theft Doing private consulting Doing personal finances Playing video games Unauthorized use of the Internet or company networks
Sniffers Used to monitor network traffic or capacity Find evidence of improper use
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General email abuses Unauthorized usage and access Transmission of confidential data Pornography Hacking Non-work-related download/upload Leisure use of the Internet Use of external ISPs
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Software Piracy Unauthorized copying of computer programs
Licensing Purchasing software is really a payment
for a license for fair use Site license allows a certain number of copies
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A third of the software industry’s revenues are lost to
piracy
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Intellectual Property Copyrighted material Includes such things as music, videos, images, articles,
books, and software Copyright Infringement is Illegal
Peer-to-peer networking techniques have made it easy to trade pirated intellectual property
Publishers Offer Inexpensive Online Music Illegal downloading of music and video is
down and continues to drop
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A virus is a program that cannot work without being inserted into another program A worm can run unaided
These programs copy annoying or destructive routines into networked computers Copy routines spread the virus
Commonly transmitted through The Internet and online services Email and file attachments Disks from contaminated computers Shareware
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My Doom, 2004 Spread via email and over Kazaa file-sharing network Installs a back door on infected computers Infected email poses as returned message or one that can’t be opened
correctly, urging recipient to click on attachment Opens up TCP ports that stay open even after termination of the worm Upon execution, a copy of Notepad is opened, filled with nonsense
characters Netsky, 2004
Mass-mailing worm that spreads by emailing itself to all email addresses found on infected computers
Tries to spread via peer-to-peer file sharing by copying itself into the shared folder
It renames itself to pose as one of 26 other common files along the way
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SoBig, 2004 Mass-mailing email worm that arrives as
an attachment▪ Examples: Movie_0074.mpg.pif, Document003.pif
Scans all .WAB, .WBX, .HTML, .EML, and .TXT files looking for email addresses to which it can send itself
Also attempts to download updates for itself Klez, 2002
A mass-mailing email worm that arrives with a randomly named attachment
Exploits a known vulnerability in MS Outlook to auto-execute on unpatched clients
Tries to disable virus scanners and then copy itself to all local and networked drives with a random file name
Deletes all files on the infected machine and any mapped network drives on the 13th of all even-numbered months
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Sasser, 2004
Exploits a Microsoft vulnerability to spread from computer to computer with no user intervention
Spawns multiple threads that scan local subnets for vulnerabilities
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Cost of the top five virus families Nearly 115 million computers in 200 countries
were infected in 2004 Up to 11 million computers are believed to
be permanently infected In 2004, total economic damage from virus
proliferation was $166 to $202 billion Average damage per computer is between
$277 and $366
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Adware Software that purports to serve a useful purpose,
and often does Allows advertisers to display pop-up and banner
ads without the consent of the computer users Spyware
Adware that uses an Internet connection in the background, without the user’s permission or knowledge
Captures information about the user and sends it over the Internet
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Spyware can steal private information and also Add advertising links to Web pages Redirect affiliate payments Change a users home page and search settings Make a modem randomly call premium-rate phone
numbers Leave security holes that let Trojans in Degrade system performance
Removal programs are often not completely successful in eliminating spyware
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The power of information technology to store and retrieve information can have a negative effect on every individual’s right to privacy Personal information is collected with every
visit to a Web site Confidential information stored by credit
bureaus, credit card companies, and the government has been stolen or misused
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Opt-In You explicitly consent to allow data to be compiled
about you This is the default in Europe
Opt-Out Data can be compiled about you unless you
specifically request it not be This is the default in the U.S.
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There are multiple ways to protect your privacy Encrypt email Send newsgroup postings through anonymous
remailers Ask your ISP not to sell your name and information to
mailing list providers and other marketers
Don’t reveal personal data and interests on online service and website user profiles
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Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) Disorders suffered by people who sit at a
PC or terminal and do fast-paced repetitive keystroke jobs
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Painful, crippling ailment of the hand
and wrist Typically requires surgery to cure
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The Internet was developed for inter-operability, not impenetrability Business managers and professionals alike
are responsible for the security, quality, and performance of business information systems
Hardware, software, networks, and data resources must be protected by a variety of security measures
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The goal of securitymanagement is the accuracy, integrity, and safety of allinformation system processes and resources
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Encryption Data is transmitted in scrambled form It is unscrambled by computer systems for
authorized users only The most widely used method uses a pair of public
and private keys unique to each individual
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Firewalls A gatekeeper system that protects a company’s
intranets and other computer networks from intrusion
Provides a filter and safe transfer point for access to/from the Internet and other networks
Important for individuals who connect to the Internet with DSL or cable modems
Can deter hacking, but cannot prevent it
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Email Monitoring Use of content monitoring software that scans
for troublesome words that might compromise corporate security
Virus Defenses Centralize the updating and distribution of
antivirus software Use a security suite that integrates virus protection
with firewalls, Web security, and content blocking features
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Methods and devices that attempt to ensure the accuracy, validity, and propriety of information system activities
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