Chapter 9

Sections 1-4

Election of 1800

Federalists

President- John AdamsVice Pres- Charles Pinckney

Republicans

President- Thomas JeffersonVice Pres- Aaron Burr

Election of 1800

• Jefferson & Burr tied with 73 votes in Electoral College

• House of Reps had to decide

• (Votes were based on the individual instead of Party candidates as a team.)

Election of 1800

• Jefferson & Burr tied with 73 votes in Electoral College

• House of Reps had to decide

• (Votes were based on the individual instead of Party candidates as a team.)

Election of 1800

• Thomas Jefferson- President• Aaron Burr- Vice President

12th Amendment

• Ratified in 1804• Electors vote for President and Vice President

on separate ballots

Laissez Faire

• French philosophy– “Let people do as they choose”

• Jefferson’s ideals1. Reduce federal government’s power2. Stronger state governments

Jefferson’s Policies

• Cabinet1. Secretary of State- James Madison2. Secretary of Treasury- Albert Gallatin

Jefferson’s Policies

• Expired Alien & Sedition Act• Expired Naturalization Act– (Forced aliens to wait 14 years instead of 5 to

become a citizen)

Jefferson’s Policies

• Cutting Costs1. Military2. Repeal internal taxes

a. (Whiskey Tax)

3. Limit Government fundsa. Customs duties- taxes on foreign imported goodsb. Sale of western lands

Marbury V. Madison

• Judiciary Act of 1801– Passed by Federalists during Adams’s presidency– Set up regional courts with 16 justices– John Marshall became Chief Justice– William Marbury last minute appointed judge

Marbury V. Madison

• James Madison (SOS) did not accept Marbury’s commission

• John Marshall set up judicial review:-Definition: Power given to Supreme Court to validate whether or not a legislative act is constitutional

• Stated Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional, turning down Marbury’s commission

Western Territory

• American Settlers moved to NW, Kentucky, and Tennessee

• Conestoga wagons- sturdy vehicles topped with white canvas

Western Territory

• Louisiana Territory– Mississippi River to California– Owned by Spain– Spain allowed American farmers to use Mississippi

River

French Threat

• Spain stopped allowance of American use of Mississippi River

• Spain gave France Louisiana

• Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to regain lost land from American

French Threat

• Haiti under French control• Haitian Revolution– Toussaint Louverture: Led Enslaved Africans to

gain independence from the French– French were driven out of Santo Domingo and

Haiti was formed.

Louisiana Purchase

• Bonaparte unable to regain American lands

• Charles de Talleyrand offers United States to purchase Louisiana Territory for 15 million dollars

• Senate approved purchase 1803

Exploration Period

• Meriwether Lewis and William Clark– Left from St. Louis to Pacific Ocean– Inspired Americans to settle westward

• Zebulon Pike– Found the modern day Colorado– (Grand Peak Mountain)

Federalist Conspiracy

• Federalists feared Louisiana territory would become predominately Demo-Republican.

• Federalists wanted to secede– Secede: to withdraw

• Wanted New England & NY become “Northern Confederacy”

Federalist Conspiracy

• Federalists attempted to persuade Aaron Burr by helping Burr win election to become NY governor

• (Aaron Burr felt betrayed because of 1800 Election)

Duel

• Alexander Hamilton accused Burr for treason

• Burr blamed Hamilton for loss of NY election

• Both dueled: Hamilton died

World Trade

• French & British War gave Americans opportunity to trade throughout the world

War w/ Tripoli

• Barbary Coast pirates– Demanded tribute from Americans if they wanted

ships to pass safely

– Tribute: Protection money

– Thomas Jefferson refuses; Tripoli declares war

War w/ Tripoli

• Tripoli agreed to stop demanding tribute once United States paid $60,000

Jefferson wins reelection

Sea Events

• French & British preoccupied with war– Americans has neutral rights: the right to sail the

seas & not take sides– Prosperous time of trade

Sea Events

• Brits practiced impressment on Americans

– (British killed people on American ship Chesapeake, which caused an uproar)

Sea Events

• Embargo Act (1807)– Prohibited trade with all countries– FAIL

• Nonintercourse Act (1809)– Only prohibited trade with Britain

James Madison takes office (1808)

Frontier Conflicts

• Ohio becomes a state– Americans settle into lands guaranteed to Natives

• Tecumseh & ‘Prophet’ uniting tribes to fight Americans

• Battle of Tippecanoe– William Henry Harrison defeats Natives

• Natives made alliance with Britain

War is Coming

• War Hawks- Republicans who wanted war– (John Calhoun & Henry Clay)

• Nationalism- Loyalty to country

• Americans declare war against Britain– (Britain ended Search & Seizure of American

policies)

War of 1812

• Lake Erie – Oliver Hazard Perry defeated British ships

• Battle of Thames– Tecumseh killed in Detroit

• United States used:– Frigates: warships– Privateers: Armed private ships

War of 1812

• Battle of Horseshoe Bend– Andrew Jackson defeated last of the Natives

War of 1812

• Britain takes Washington D.C.– Total war- Destroy and burn everything

War of 1812

• Britain leaves D.C. & attacks near Baltimore– 13,000 militiamen hold off Brits in Fort McHenry

– Francis Scott Key- Wrote “Star Spangled Banner”

War of 1812

• Battle of Plattsburgh– Americans thwart British attack by naval

bombardment

War of 1812

• Treaty of Ghent– No border changes

American Nationalism

• Hartford Convention– Federalists gathered to oppose war hawk ideals– FAIL: Federalists became less popular• They were considered unpatriotic

• Strong sense of Patriotism & National identity

War Hawk ideals

• Demo-Republicans• Strong national government• Favored: 1. Trade

2. Westward expansion3. Strong military4. Fast economy