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Transcript of Section16
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Section 16
Biology I Factoids
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Factoid 279
• Section 16
• Land biomes are called terrestrial biomes.
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Factoid 280
• Tundra (next to the poles – North Canada)
• Climate – Cold winters, short cool summers. Ground is permanently frozen.
• Dominant Plants – Mosses, small grasses
• Dominant Animals – Small rodents, caribou, some birds – no reptiles.
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Factoid 281
• Coniferous Forest (Northern US)
• Climate – Cold winters, mild summers. Lots of precipitation.
• Dominant Plants – Cone bearing plants
• Dominant Animals – bears, deer, elk, bobcats.
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Factoid 282
• Deciduous Forest (Mississippi!!!)
• Climate – Cool winters, warm summers.
• Dominant Plants – Deciduous plants (this means they lose their leaves in the fall)
• Dominant Animals – Animals you are familiar with in Mississippi – Deer, bears, skunk, turkeys, raccoons.
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Factoid 283
• Grassland (The mid-west)• Climate – Fertile soils, moderate
precipitation, cold winders and hot summers. Fires are common.
• Dominant Plants – grasses, low rain prevents large trees.
• Dominant Animals – prairie dogs, buffalo, large herbivores.
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Factoid 284
• Chaparral – (Pacific coast)
• Climate – hot, dry summers; mild, cool, rainy winters
• Dominant Plants – woody shrubs
• Dominant Animals – insects, lizards, snakes, chipmunks, mice, rabbits, fox, coyotes, mountain lion, owls, birds
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Factoid 285
• Desert (Mexico, North Africa, SW US)
• Climate – Hot days and cold nights
• Dominant Plants – cacti and succulents
• Dominant Animals – bobcats, mountain lions, owls, hawks, antelopes, sheep, rats, lizards, rattlesnakes
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Factoid 286
• Savanna (Africa)• Climate – Warm with seasonal rainfall• Dominant Plants – grasses, small clusters
of trees and shrubs• Dominant Animals – elephants, rhinos,
antelope, zebra, giraffe, insects, ostrich, eagles, lions, leopards.
•
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Factoid 287
• Tropical Rainforest (Near equator, South America)
• Climate – year-around high temperatures; high rainfall
• Dominant Plants – broad leaf evergreen trees, ferns, large variety. LOTS of diversity.
• Dominant Animals – all types of animals in a large variety; most biodiversity.
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Factoid 288
• Rivers and steams
• Freshwater; flowing water; may be fast or slow moving
• Colder and cleaner than standing water.
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Factoid 289
• Lakes and Ponds
• Freshwater; standing water;
• Warmer and more turbid
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Factoid 290
• Aphotic zone
• Deep in the water where it is dark and no sunlight reaches.
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Factoid 291
• Photic zone
• Area of water where light does penetrate.
• Lots of photosynthetic organism live here which attract other animals to this area.
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Factoid 292
• Costal ocean
• Saltwater; area from the outer continental shelf to the low-tide mark
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Factoid 293
• Intertidal zone
• Saltwater; area between low tide and high tide; subject to tidal changes
• Organisms live here that can stand to be out of the water.
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Factoid 294
• Coral Reefs
• Made of calcium carbonate formed by corals (cnidarians); warm saltwater; usually no deeper than 40 meters.
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Factoid 295
• Estuaries
• Where freshwater rivers and streams merge with the oceans; varying salt concentrations
• Brackish water
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Factoid 296
• A predator hunts, kills, and eats prey. Prey is what the predator eats.
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Factoid 297
• Competition results from two or more organisms trying to use the same resource.
• Can include food, water, shelter, or even a a mate.
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Factoid 298
• Symbiosis is a relationship between organisms.
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Factoid 299
• Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit from living together.
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Factoid 300
• Commensalism is a type of symbiosis in which one organism gets the benefit of the relationship and the other organism is neither benefited or harmed.
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Factoid 301
• Parasitism is a type of symbiosis in which one organism gets the benefit and the other member gets harmed.
• Parasites weaken, but do not kill the host.
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Factoid 302
• The carrying capacity refers to the largest number of organisms of a species that can be supported by the environment.
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Factoid 303
• Population growth is limited by factors such as the birth/death rate, the number of organisms entering and leaving the population, and the amount of available resources. These are called limited factors.
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Factoid 304
• Ecological succession is a series of predictable changes in an ecosystem.
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Factoid 305
• Primary succession starts on the earth’s surface where there is no soil. Occurs after a major disturbance like a volcano eruption and all the soil is removed.
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Factoid 306
• Secondary succession occurs when plants have been removed leaving the soil. Secondary succession is the replacement of plant species in an area that has been disturbed.
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Factoid 307
• Typically in Mississippi succession happens in this order:
Grassesweeds and wild flowersshrubspine treeshard wood trees
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Factoid 308
• When runoff from fields washes fertilizer into pond, algae can grow out of control. This is called algal bloom.
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Factoid 309
• When a poison is not excreted from the tissues of an organism, but build up in them instead, it is known as biological magnification.
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Factoid 310
• A natural resources can be classified as renewable or non-renewable resources.
• Non-renewable resources (coal, oil, natural gas) take millions of years to form.
• Renewable resources (water, trees) can be replaced quickly.
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Factoid 311
• If something is biodegradable, then it can be broken down quickly by microorganisms.
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Factoid 312
• Urban development refers to the destruction of natural areas for human use such as shopping malls and houses.
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Factoid 313
• The ozone layer protects the earth’s surface from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Some chemicals made used by humans can destroy ozone. Decreased ozone could be a cause for global warming.
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Factoid 314
• Global warming refers to the rise of global temperatures. Increased levels of carbon dioxide can increase global temperatures.