Section1- Earth: A Unique Planet Section 2- Energy in the Earth System Section 3- Ecology.
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Transcript of Section1- Earth: A Unique Planet Section 2- Energy in the Earth System Section 3- Ecology.
EARTH AS A SYSTEMSection1- Earth: A Unique Planet
Section 2- Energy in the Earth System
Section 3- Ecology
Earth Basics
Third Planet from the sun Made mostly of rock ~71% of Earth’s surface covered by
water Global ocean
Oblate Spheroid
Earth as a Magnet
Two magnetic poles North and South
Extends beyond the atmosphere Affects the Magnetosphere
Weight and Mass
Weight is a measure of the strength of the pull of gravity on an object
Mass of an object does not change with location, but the weight of an object does
Section 2Energy in the Earth System
• System• The operation of the Earth’s system is a result
of interaction between two most basic components of the universe Matter Energy
Closed and Open Systems
Closed- A system in which energy, but not matter, is exchanged with the surroundings
Open- A system in which both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings
Earth’s 4 Spheres
Matter on Earth is in solid, liquid, and gaseous states
4 spheres that are storehouses of all of the planet’s matter are: Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere
Earth’s Energy Budget
First Law of Thermodynamics Energy is transferred between systems
It cannot be created or destroyed Second Law of Thermodynamics
When energy transfer takes place, matter becomes less organized with time
Internal and External Sources of Energy
Earth’s Interior Decay of radioactive atoms generates heat to
keep the interior hot Sun
Solar radiation warms Earth’s Atmosphere and surface
Cycles in the Earth System
The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen must be “fixed”
The Carbon Cycle Short Term Cycle Long Term Cycle
The Phosphorus Cycle Moves through every sphere but the
atmosphere It is rarely a gas
The Water Cycle Precipitation Evaporation Condensation
Section 3Ecology
Ecology The study of the complex relationships
between living things and their nonliving, or abiotic, environment
Ecosystems
Ecosystem Each ecosystem on Earth is distinct
Self-supporting Producers Consumers Decomposers
Balancing Forces in Ecosystems
The Earth is what type of System? Open, but with limited amount of matter and
energy exchange Organisms use energy and matter
These are limited Populations growth inside a ecosystem is
limited as well Carry Capacity
The largest population that an environment can support at any given time
Ecological Responses to Change
Changes in any one part of an ecosystem may affect the entire system
Environmental change Forest Fire great damage and disruption
Grass and fast-growing plants shrubs and small animal species larger tree species and larger animals
These will return to balance the ecosystem
Energy TransferFood Chains and Food Webs
Sun Ultimate source of energy
Photosynthesis How plants capture solar energy through a
chemical process Food Chain Food Web