Section Two: The Greek City-States Section 2 Objectives Define city-state & tell how the city-state...
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Transcript of Section Two: The Greek City-States Section 2 Objectives Define city-state & tell how the city-state...
Section Two: The Greek City-States
Section 2 Objectives
• Define city-state & tell how the city-state of Sparta & Athens differed
I. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
• By 750 B.C., the polis (city-state) became the central focus of Greek life
• It was a town, city or village serving as a center where people met for political, economic, social & religious activities
The Polis: Center of Greek Life
• The main gathering place was usually on a hill, topped with a fortified area called the *acropolis
• Below was the agora, an open area for people to assemble & for a market
Acropolis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ac.acropolis3.JPG
AcropolisAcropolis
AgoraAgora
The Polis: Center of Greek Life
• Athens was the largest city-state
• Polis was a community of people who shared an identity & goals
The Polis: Center of Greek Life
• Three classes:1. citizens with political rights (adult males)2. citizens without political rights (women & children)3. noncitizens (slaves & resident aliens)
The Polis: Center of Greek Life
• Responsibilities accompanied rights
• Loyalty made the city-states fiercely patriotic & distrustful of one another
• Helped bring Greece to ruin
The Polis: Center of Greek Life
• Military system based on hoplites
• Infantry who carried shield, sword & spear
• The fought shoulder to shoulder in a *phalanx formation
phalanx formation
Spartan Hoplite
Phalanx
II. Greek Colonies
• 750 & 550 B.C. many Greeks settled distant lands
• Trade & good farmland
• Cities of Hellespont, Bosporus & Byzantium
Greek Colonies
• Exports: Pottery, wine & olive oil
• Imports: lumber, grain & slaves
• New wealthy class of merchants
III. Tyranny in the City-states
• New wealth led to the rise of tyrants• Greek tyrants were rulers who
seized power by force from the aristocrats
• Oppressive rules• Aristocrats oppressed them,
peasants supported them
Tyranny in the City-states
• Seized & kept power by using hired soldiers
• Built new walls & temples
• Fall out of favor by the 6th century B.C.
Government in the City-states
• *Democracy – ruled by the many
• Other city-states remained committed to government by an *oligarchy, rule by the few
• Athens & Sparta
IV. Sparta
• Greek city-state
• Gained land through conquest of neighbors
• Captured people were known as helots
• These serfs worked for the Spartans
A. A military State
• 800 & 600 B.C.
• Rigidly controlled & disciplined
• Entered the military at 20 & lived in the barracks until 30
A military State
• Stayed in the army until 60
• Women & men lived apart
• Women expected to remain fit to bear & raise healthy children
• Men expected to be brave in battle, to win or be killed
B. Government of Sparta
• The Spartan government was an oligarchy
• Ephors – were elected each year & were responsible for the education of youth & the conduct of all citizens
• 2 kings & 28 men made up the government
• Did not debate, but only voted
Government of Sparta
• Closed itself off from the outside world
• Travelers & travel discouraged
• Frowned upon new ideas & the arts
V. Athens
• A king ruled early Athens
• By 7th century B.C., oligarchy of aristocrats
• Economic & political troubles
Athens
• Reformist Solon appointed leader in 594 B.C.
• Canceled debts, but did not give land to the poor
• Led to tyranny
Athens
• Appointed the reformer Cleisthenes in 508 B.C.
• Created a new council of five hundred
• Proposed new laws & supervise the treasury & foreign affairs
Athens
• Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free & open debate
• *Reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation for Athenian democracy
Acropolis
Early Acropolis
Chapter Objectives
• Describe the roles of the Persian & Peloponnesian wars in Greek history
• List the cultural contributions of the Greeks to Western civilization
• Explain how Alexander the Great created his empire