Section I: The Renaissance Section I: The Renaissance BeginsBegins

(Pages 314-321)(Pages 314-321)

Section I: The Renaissance Section I: The Renaissance BeginsBegins

(Pages 314-321)(Pages 314-321) This section is about:This section is about: How an acceptance of How an acceptance of

non-religious values and non-religious values and the study of Greek and the study of Greek and Roman cultures were Roman cultures were major features of the major features of the Italian Renaissance.Italian Renaissance.

How important How important contributions were made contributions were made to science, art, politics, to science, art, politics, and manners, and that and manners, and that the arts flourished at this the arts flourished at this time.time.

We have to look at some things on pages 314 and 315. First: the picture – which we’ve seen before. Where/when? And, the preview/overview of Chapter 14 on page 314. On the time line – there are three things which are probably

more important than the others – which ones?

The Renaissance Begins (Page The Renaissance Begins (Page 316)316)

We should look at the We should look at the Main Ideas before we Main Ideas before we start.start.

And… A: The And… A: The Renaissance in Europe.Renaissance in Europe.

RenaissanceRenaissance means means ““rebirth…..rebirth…..””

This Renaissance This Renaissance started in Italy, but started in Italy, but soon spread to soon spread to Germany, France, Germany, France, Spain, England, and Spain, England, and the rest of Europe. the rest of Europe.

A Fresh OutlookA Fresh Outlook The Renaissance was a time The Renaissance was a time

of new attitudes about of new attitudes about culture, life, and learning.culture, life, and learning.

There was a change from There was a change from emphasizing the spiritual emphasizing the spiritual world to emphasizing the world to emphasizing the human experience in the human experience in the present.present.

Human life was no longer to Human life was no longer to be spent preparing for be spent preparing for eternal life – it was to be eternal life – it was to be spent living life to itspent living life to it’’s s potential.potential.

This started with people This started with people again studying the Romans again studying the Romans and Greeks.and Greeks.

People were no longer told People were no longer told money and wealth were evil.money and wealth were evil.

Leaders supported freedom Leaders supported freedom of individuals, praised of individuals, praised curiosity, and celebrated curiosity, and celebrated action.action.

The Renaissance BeginsThe Renaissance Begins

Italy was a perfect place Italy was a perfect place for the Renaissance to for the Renaissance to begin (was the center of begin (was the center of the great Roman Empire).the great Roman Empire).

Italy was also one of the Italy was also one of the first places trade first places trade developed and towns and developed and towns and cities grew through cities grew through commerce and trade commerce and trade (Venice / Genoa / Milan / (Venice / Genoa / Milan / Florence)Florence)

These wealthy merchants These wealthy merchants used their money to used their money to support the arts.support the arts.

Renaissance Figures in the Renaissance Figures in the ArtsArts

Francesco Petrarca Francesco Petrarca (sonnets and love (sonnets and love poems).poems).

Giotto (painter).Giotto (painter). Filippo Brunelleschi Filippo Brunelleschi

((perspectiveperspective in art). in art). Florence was the Florence was the

center of the early center of the early Italian Renaissance.Italian Renaissance.

(Perspective: showing proper ideas of depth/space on a flat

surface)

HumanismHumanism The classic writings of the Greeks The classic writings of the Greeks and Romans were a great source and Romans were a great source of inspiration.of inspiration.

A movement called A movement called humanismhumanism came from this: came from this: studying classic studying classic ideals, styles, and forms from ideals, styles, and forms from history and literature history and literature (Plato, (Plato, Cicero, Livy, etc…).Cicero, Livy, etc…).

Renaissance valuesRenaissance values People began being interested in People began being interested in

the world around them.the world around them. People began focusing on People began focusing on

individual achievement.individual achievement. Emphasis was put on the human Emphasis was put on the human

experience in the present.experience in the present. Individuals wanted to control their Individuals wanted to control their

lives and fulfill their potential.lives and fulfill their potential. Humans have the potential to Humans have the potential to

become whatever they would like become whatever they would like – and to make a good life for – and to make a good life for themselves.themselves.

(sentience: have great experiences)

Italian Renaissance WritersItalian Renaissance Writers People started writing People started writing

many books about how many books about how people should live and act.people should live and act.

Two of the more famous: Two of the more famous: ““The PrinceThe Prince”” and and ““The The Courtier.Courtier.””

Botticelli: La nascita di Venere (The Birth of Venus)

MachiavelliMachiavelli and Government and Government

Niccolo Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli started out as a started out as a government worker. government worker. He noticed things that He noticed things that worked and things worked and things which didnwhich didn’’t.t.

He was especially He was especially interested in how rulers interested in how rulers gained and kept power.gained and kept power.

His book His book ““The PrinceThe Prince”” told of how politics told of how politics really worked (and how really worked (and how rulers needed to act if rulers needed to act if they wanted to stay in they wanted to stay in power).power).

The Writing of The Writing of CastiglioneCastiglione

Baldassare Castiglione Baldassare Castiglione wrote wrote ““The CourtierThe Courtier”” about how the ideal about how the ideal Renaissance Renaissance gentleman should act.gentleman should act.

He should be of noble He should be of noble birth, handsome, birth, handsome, graceful, strong, graceful, strong, courageous, and courageous, and accomplished in accomplished in learning.learning.

His book became a His book became a best seller throughout best seller throughout Europe.Europe.

Italian Renaissance ArtistsItalian Renaissance Artists

Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci is is ““the manthe man”” people think of when they think people think of when they think of Renaissance artists/men.of Renaissance artists/men.

Artists like da Vinci were often Artists like da Vinci were often supported by wealthy supported by wealthy patronspatrons (financial backers) who would (financial backers) who would also get some of their own work also get some of their own work done.done.

Da Vinci:Da Vinci: Painter (The Adoration of the Painter (The Adoration of the

Magi, The Last Supper, La Magi, The Last Supper, La Giaconda)Giaconda)

SculptorSculptor MathematicianMathematician ArchitectArchitect ScientistScientist InventorInventor And… next pageAnd… next page

La Giaconda

The Last Judgment (in the Sistine Chapel)

PaintingPainting

MichelangeloMichelangelo (Buonarrotti). (Buonarrotti). Moved to Rome as a young Moved to Rome as a young

man.man. He was fascinated by the He was fascinated by the

sculpture, architecture, and sculpture, architecture, and paintings.paintings.

His first major work was so His first major work was so good he was immediately good he was immediately called a master sculptor.called a master sculptor.

The Pope later gave him the The Pope later gave him the job of painting the Sistine job of painting the Sistine Chapel.Chapel.

Built in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV Built in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV (as his private chapel). It(as his private chapel). It’’s 46 s 46 feet wide and 118 feet long. feet wide and 118 feet long.

It took Michelangelo 4 years to It took Michelangelo 4 years to complete the ceiling paintings.complete the ceiling paintings.

The Battle of the Centaurs (1492) - unfinished

PaintingPainting

Raphael (Sanzio):Raphael (Sanzio): Younger than Michelangelo Younger than Michelangelo

and da Vinci (so he studied and da Vinci (so he studied their works). their works).

His best work was His best work was ““The School The School of Athensof Athens””

It has all then ideals of It has all then ideals of Renaissance harmony, Renaissance harmony, balance, and culture.balance, and culture.

ItIt’’s an imaginary gathering of s an imaginary gathering of great scientists and thinkers great scientists and thinkers and includes the faces of and includes the faces of Michelangelo, da Vinci, and Michelangelo, da Vinci, and himself, among many others.himself, among many others.

This was This was ““commissionedcommissioned”” by by Pope Julius II – which also Pope Julius II – which also meant meant ““prestigeprestige”” for the for the papacy.papacy.

The Small Cowper Madonna

The School of Athens: who’s who?

Sculpture and ArchitectureSculpture and Architecture

In the Middle Ages, In the Middle Ages, sculptures revolved sculptures revolved around religion and the around religion and the cathedrals that were cathedrals that were built.built.

In the Renaissance, the In the Renaissance, the human body started human body started becoming more of a becoming more of a focus.focus.

Two of the more Two of the more important sculptures: important sculptures: ““DavidDavid”” and and ““The Pieta.The Pieta.””

Architects also copied Architects also copied Greek and Roman styles Greek and Roman styles with columns, domes, with columns, domes, and arches built with and arches built with symmetry and harmony.symmetry and harmony.

(Pieta means “pity”)