Section I: Spain's Power Grows in Section I: Spain's Power Grows in EuropeEurope

(Pages 384-390)(Pages 384-390)

Section I: Spain's Power Grows in Section I: Spain's Power Grows in EuropeEurope

(Pages 384-390)(Pages 384-390) This section is about:This section is about: The dominance of the The dominance of the

Hapsburg Empire Hapsburg Empire during the height of during the height of Spain’s political power.Spain’s political power.

How England emerged How England emerged as a political power by as a political power by defeating the Spanish defeating the Spanish Armada.Armada.

•We should read most of what’s on page 384: it sums up the rulers at the beginning of this time pretty well.

•(So does the picture on these 2 pages)

•Also before we start: lets see if we can link the last statement to events today: “These issues included the successes and failures of…”

A) …monarchy as a system of government.

B) …the links between religion and the state.

C) …the efforts to prevent any nation from gaining too much power in Europe.

Spain’s Power Grows in Spain’s Power Grows in EuropeEurope

(Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire)(Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire)

For the “Main Ideas” on For the “Main Ideas” on page 386: I think we mostly page 386: I think we mostly remember A and C.remember A and C.

The second one is new to The second one is new to most places we’ve looked most places we’ve looked at: limited power of at: limited power of authority?authority?

At the time, a single family - At the time, a single family - the Hapsburgs – ruled the the Hapsburgs – ruled the area of Austria for about area of Austria for about 600 years (and spreading 600 years (and spreading it’s influence all over it’s influence all over Europe).Europe).

The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire: The Holy Roman Empire: (since Charlemagne in 800) (since Charlemagne in 800) controlled Germany, controlled Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and parts Switzerland, Austria, and parts of France and Italy for about a of France and Italy for about a 1000 years.1000 years.

The Holy Roman Emperors were The Holy Roman Emperors were originally appointed by the originally appointed by the Pope, and then by princes in Pope, and then by princes in the empire.the empire.

Germany was he center of this Germany was he center of this empire, but they weren’t just empire, but they weren’t just one country – they had many one country – they had many sections (states) with many sections (states) with many people in charge of the people in charge of the different sections.different sections.

The Hapsburgs were one of the The Hapsburgs were one of the more powerful of these groups.more powerful of these groups.

But they did have some limited But they did have some limited power – especially when power – especially when dealing with the Popedealing with the Pope

The Growth of Hapsburg The Growth of Hapsburg InfluenceInfluence

Dynasties of the time Dynasties of the time could expand their could expand their power in three different power in three different ways: marriages, ways: marriages, military campaigns, or military campaigns, or inheritances.inheritances.

Maximilian I did all 3: Maximilian I did all 3: married a woman from married a woman from France, inherited the France, inherited the kingdom of Castile (In kingdom of Castile (In Spain – and then their Spain – and then their son married Ferdinand son married Ferdinand and Isabella’s and Isabella’s daughter), and then daughter), and then won some wars.won some wars.

………………………………....

When it was time for When it was time for Philip and Juana’s son Philip and Juana’s son to claim his to claim his inheritanceinheritance, , he was going to be one he was going to be one of the most powerful of the most powerful rulers in the western rulers in the western world: His name: ?world: His name: ?

Charles VCharles V Charles I Charles I He also controlled parts He also controlled parts

of the Netherlands, of the Netherlands, southern Italy, the southern Italy, the entire Spanish empire entire Spanish empire in the Americas.in the Americas.

His brother was even His brother was even made king of Hungary made king of Hungary and Bohemia – more and Bohemia – more power for the power for the Hapsburgs.Hapsburgs.

Roman emperor King of SpainBoth

The Reign of The Reign of Charles VCharles V Charles thought he had complete Charles thought he had complete

authority, but he didn’t.authority, but he didn’t. The Reformation was going on – The Reformation was going on –

so many German states became so many German states became Protestant Lutheran (they could Protestant Lutheran (they could each choose). This was called each choose). This was called “The Peace of Augsburg.”“The Peace of Augsburg.”

Although he was a skillful Although he was a skillful warrior, he preferred to make warrior, he preferred to make peace agreements (which didn’t peace agreements (which didn’t always work out for him).always work out for him).

Charles V eventually gave up his Charles V eventually gave up his position as Holy Roman Emperor.position as Holy Roman Emperor.

He left part of his empire to his He left part of his empire to his son (Phillip II) and the other part son (Phillip II) and the other part to his brother (Ferdinand I) – and to his brother (Ferdinand I) – and the Hapsburgs were now split the Hapsburgs were now split into two “branches.”into two “branches.”

The Golden Age in SpainThe Golden Age in Spain

Under Phillip II, Spain Under Phillip II, Spain reached its greatest reached its greatest power and influence.power and influence.

This was a “Golden This was a “Golden Age of Spain”: with Age of Spain”: with renaissance arts, renaissance arts, writings Don Quixote), writings Don Quixote), plays, painting (El plays, painting (El Greco, Diego Greco, Diego Velasquez, Bartolome Velasquez, Bartolome Murillo) etc…Murillo) etc…

Phillip IIPhillip II and Rule by Divine and Rule by Divine RightRight

Phillip II was a tough ruler – Phillip II was a tough ruler – and he believed in and he believed in divine divine rightright..

(The right to rule came (The right to rule came from God, and not from the from God, and not from the consent or approval of the consent or approval of the people).people).

He ruled in an He ruled in an absoluteabsolute monarchymonarchy: the ruler has : the ruler has no limits from laws or a no limits from laws or a constitution.constitution.

…………………………....

Phillip II was also determined Phillip II was also determined to keep the Roman catholic to keep the Roman catholic faith a big part of his rule.faith a big part of his rule.

After his first wife died, After his first wife died, Phillip II married Mary Tudor Phillip II married Mary Tudor – the Queen of England (and – the Queen of England (and the daughter of Henry VIII). the daughter of Henry VIII).

This also meant Phillip (a This also meant Phillip (a Roman Catholic) was now Roman Catholic) was now King of England (with a lot of King of England (with a lot of English Protestants).English Protestants).

Mary tried to get the English Mary tried to get the English to go back to being Roman to go back to being Roman Catholic.Catholic.

Remember “Bloody Mary”? – Remember “Bloody Mary”? – this is her.this is her.

When she died, her daughter When she died, her daughter – Elizabeth I took over– Elizabeth I took over

The Revolt of the The Revolt of the NetherlandsNetherlands

Phillip also had some Phillip also had some problems with the problems with the Dutch.Dutch.

Many of them were Many of them were Protestant Calvinists.Protestant Calvinists.

Phillip II was actually Phillip II was actually at war with his own at war with his own people over this for people over this for about 20 years, with about 20 years, with the Dutch trying to get the Dutch trying to get their independence.their independence.

“Soldiers Plundering a Farmhouse”

England Enters the World England Enters the World StageStage

One of One of QueenQueen Elizabeth Elizabeth II’s biggest challenges: ’s biggest challenges: keep religion from keep religion from tearing apart her country.tearing apart her country.

She was successful – and She was successful – and also won a victory also won a victory against Roman Catholic against Roman Catholic Spain – leading to Spain – leading to England becoming the England becoming the major European power of major European power of the time.the time.

Roman Catholics and Roman Catholics and ProtestantsProtestants

In the 1500’s, The Anglican Church In the 1500’s, The Anglican Church (Christian Church) became (Christian Church) became England’s dominant religion – over England’s dominant religion – over the Roman Catholics and Calvinists.the Roman Catholics and Calvinists.

At the time, Phillip II (Roman At the time, Phillip II (Roman Catholic) was going to have his Catholic) was going to have his brother (Don Juan) invade England brother (Don Juan) invade England (from the Netherlands), but D.J. (from the Netherlands), but D.J. died.died.

Elizabeth knew about this and Elizabeth knew about this and formed an alliance with some of the formed an alliance with some of the Dutch. Dutch.

The Queen of Scotland (Mary, The Queen of Scotland (Mary, Queen of Scots) was also plotting Queen of Scots) was also plotting to come after Elizabeth.to come after Elizabeth.

She was discovered, charged with She was discovered, charged with treasontreason, and executed in 1587., and executed in 1587.

………………......(betraying your country)

The Defeat of the Spanish The Defeat of the Spanish ArmadaArmada

Now it was time for Now it was time for Spain (Phillip II) and Spain (Phillip II) and England to go at it.England to go at it.

The Spanish fleet (the The Spanish fleet (the Armada) sailed for Armada) sailed for England – 130 ships, England – 130 ships, 30,000 men, and 2,400 30,000 men, and 2,400 weapons.weapons.

The English (with The English (with lighter ships, and more lighter ships, and more heavily armed) met heavily armed) met them in the English them in the English Channel.Channel.

……………… Horrible Histories: The Armada

After a few smaller battles, After a few smaller battles, the Spanish Armada the Spanish Armada anchored in Calais, France anchored in Calais, France (they were supposed to get (they were supposed to get some help from Flanders some help from Flanders (Belgium today).(Belgium today).

The English caught up to The English caught up to them, and set fire to many them, and set fire to many of their anchored ships. of their anchored ships.

They sat and waited to They sat and waited to attack the other ships attack the other ships which tried to leave.which tried to leave.

The remaining Spanish The remaining Spanish ships had to go out of their ships had to go out of their way to go back home, and way to go back home, and they hit terrible storms.they hit terrible storms.

Only about half the Only about half the Spanish Armada made it Spanish Armada made it back home.back home.

……………………………………

England and the England and the Netherlands would Netherlands would remain independent – remain independent – and be left alone.and be left alone.

The English and the The English and the Dutch both were Dutch both were powerful enough to go powerful enough to go exploring (the East exploring (the East Indies).Indies).

England and the England and the Netherlands began Netherlands began building some colonies building some colonies in the Americas.in the Americas.

England was taking England was taking over from Spain as a over from Spain as a world powerworld power