Section 8 TB meteo

7/28/2019 Section 8 TB meteo

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Section 8 Climatology

general global circulation

trade winds / monsoon

Inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

tropical revolving storms


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general global circulation


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GLOBAL WIND CIRCULATION AND PRESSURE SYSTEMS IN JANUARY


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GLOBAL WIND CIRCULATION AND PRESSURE SYSTEMS IN JULY


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Inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

Area of low pressure where winds from the northern andsouthern hemisphere meets (convergence)

width: 200-300 km

Other names: - doldrums

- equatorial trough

- intertropical front

In ITCZ convergence and convection => strong rising air


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Position ITCZ

Great seasonshift due to vertical position of sun atearth => over land bigger N-S variation


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Circulation in ITCZ


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Weather in ITCZ

Convection and convergence => Cbs => showers/thunderstorm=> squall-lines


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Trade winds

persistant wind(11-21 kn, 4 5 bft) from same directionduring whole year

21 june ==> sun vertical over tropic of cancer (23N.)

21maart/21 september ==> sun vertical over equator

22 december ==> sun vertical over tropic of capricorn (23S.)

==> where sun warms most, air above becomes most warm.


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where air is most warm low pressure will occur

(temperatuur is inverse to pressure)

area of low pressure around the world will arise, the

Inter Tropicale Convergence Zne(ITCZ), with

cumuliform clouds and showers.

ITCZ moves south and north depending vertical position

of sun to earth

around 35N en S. position of subtropical high pressuresystems

between subtropical high and ITCZ wind will develop

p

e

RT

p

8

3

1


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0

23 N

23 S

21 mrt

21 sepL L L L

H H H H

H H H H

NE-trade wind

SE-trade wind

Trade wind cumulus

Trade wind cumulus

showers


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Disturbing of trade winds

Easterly wave => trough in isobars pattern

=> showers Most showers BEHIND trough*

1. Easterly wave


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2 Monsoon

Shift in wind twice a year over at least 120

0

23 N

23 S

21 june L L L L

H H H H

H H H H

NE-trade

wind

SW-monsoon


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0

23 N

23 S22 december L L L L

H H H H

H H H H

NE-trade wind

NE-monsoon

NW-monsoon

SE-trade wind


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this zne of low pressure is in reality not as parallel to a

parallel but, due to difference in warming in land and

water, more a waving or meandering pattern.

July januari


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Klimaat (Climate)

Wat is Klimaat?

Een definitie: De gemiddelde toestand van het

weer, berekend over een langere periode,

meestal 30* jaar.

Het wordt gekenmerkt door het gemiddelde vande temperatuur, de neerslag, de windrichting en

de windsnelheid.


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KlimaatWelke soorten klimaat?

Wit = Polair

Paars = Subpolair

Groen = Gematigd

Geel = Subtropisch

Bruin = Tropisch

Hoe lichter de kleur, hoe droger


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Klimaat

Variatie in ons gematigde klimaat:

Deze variatie is zeer groot, het kan zo maar eenpaar dagen in januari16C zijn en dan volgt

een regenachtige zondag met + 14C*

Het langjariggemiddelde is in januari ca

3Cen dt is het klimaat !!Gemiddelde*

Een variatie van maar liefst 30C


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Het klimaatsysteem van Kppen*

Soorten KlimatenA = Tropisch Regenklimaat

B = Droogteklimaat

C = Gematigd Zeeklimaat (=gematigd maritiem klimaat)

D = Landklimaat (=continentaal klimaat)

E = Poolklimaat

Kppen deelt verder in naar subklimaten

Bv een droogteklimaat (B) in steppe- of

woestijnklimaat.

Etc.


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Tropical cyclone or Tropical Revolving Storm (TRS)

Clusters or walls of big showers organizing

around center of low

warm low because of release energy from

condensation in showers

Most intense weather system on

earth!!!

Showers up to 16 km!

Cyclostrophic winds (Gradient wind

balances centrifugal force, Coriolis is nil)

sfc

1000 hPa

500 hPa

300 hPa

L

H


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BOVENAANZICHT VAN EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE CYCLOON MET

EEN OOG IN HET CENTRUM

AB

100 NM

200 NM

300 NM

400 NM

Deze afmeting kan

maximaal bereikt

worden, meestal zijn

ze veel kleiner, straal

zon 200 nm.


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WINDVERDELING IN EEN ROND EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE


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WINDVERDELING IN EEN ROND EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE

CYCLOON

TEMPERATUURVERDELING IN EN ROND EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE


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TEMPERATUURVERDELING IN EN ROND EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE

CYCLOON


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3 Tropical Revolving Storm (TRS)


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hurricanehurricane typhooncyclone

cyclone


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tropical revolving storm :

Stadia: 1. Tropical disturbance

cloudy, showers and gusts, relative less wind.

frontless low pressure over tropical or subtropical seaswith a closed isobarspattern and windvelocities of morethan 63kt.

2. Tropical depression

closed isobar pattern, cyclonic circulation,

wind < 34kt


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3. Tropical storm

- 34 kt < moderate ts < 47 kt, showers

- 48 kt < severe ts < 63 kt, pressure < 1000 hPa,

squall-lines and gusts > 63 kt.

4. Tropical Revolving Storm/Tropical Cyclone

wind > 63 kt, pressure in center average 960 hPa

(lowest pressure ever 870 hPa)

dimension: < 400 Nm

lot of rain( >1000 mm (=1000 litre/m2) a day)


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Eye of a tropical revolving storm


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5 categories of TRS, depending of pressure and wind

wind:

Category Winds (kt) Rising of

normal tide(Surge)

pressure(hPa)

1 63-82 1-2 m >980

2 83-95 2-3 m 965-979

3 96-113 3-4 m 945-964

4 114-135 4-6 m 920-944

5 >135 >6 m < 920


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CB tops in Tropical Cyclones:

h

Height: 13-17 km !! (=Tropical tropopause)
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/collections/cede/hurricane_formation.png


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Necessary conditions for the formation of TRS

1. ITCZ > 6 from equator. Sufficient Coriolis!

2. seatemperature > 26 C. Lot of moist in air.

3. Less windshift with height

4. ELR unstable to great height.

In South Atlantic Ocean and in the SE Pacific no

excistance of condition 1 and 3

==> no tropical revolving storms*


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names

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ArleneBret

CindyDennisEmilyFranklinGertHarveyIreneJoseKatrina

LeeMariaNateOpheliaPhilippeRitaStanTammyVinceWilma

AlbertoBeryl

ChrisDebbyErnestoFlorenceGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirk

LeslieMichaelNadineOscarPattyRafaelSandyTonyValerieWilliam

AndreaBarry

ChantalDeanErinFelixGabrielleHumbertoIngridJerryKaren

LorenzoMelissaNoelOlgaPabloRebekahSebastienTanyaVanWendy

ArthurBertha

CristobalDollyEdouardFayGustavHannaIkeJosephineKyle

LauraMarcoNanaOmarPalomaReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred

AnaBill

ClaudetteDannyErikaFredGraceHenriIdaJoaquinKate

LarryMindyNicholasOdettePeterRoseSamTeresaVictorWanda

AlexBonnie

ColinDanielleEarlFionaGastonHermineIgorJuliaKarl

LisaMatthewNicoleOttoPaulaRichardSharyTomasVirginieWalter

Katrina and Rita in 2011 replaced.

North atlantic ocean


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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

AdrianBeatrizCalvinDoraEugeneFernandaGregHilaryIrwin

JovaKennethLidiaMaxNormaOtisPilarRamonSelma

ToddVeronicaWileyXinaYorkZelda

AlettaBudCarlottaDanielEmiliaFabioGilmaHectorIleana

JohnKristyLaneMiriamNormanOliviaPaulRosaSergio

TaraVicenteWillaXavierYolandaZeke

AlvinBarbaraCosmeDalilaErickFlossieGilHenrietteIvo

JulietteKikoLorenaManuelNardaOctavePriscillaRaymondSonia

TicoVelmaWallisXinaYorkZelda

AlmaBorisCristinaDouglasElidaFaustoGenevieveHernanIselle

JulioKarinaLowellMarieNorbertOdilePoloRachelSimon

TrudyVanceWinnieXavierYolandaZeke

AndresBlancaCarlosDoloresEnriqueFeliciaGuillermoHildaIgnacio

JimenaKevinLindaMartyNoraOlafPatriciaRickSandra

TerryVivianWaldoXinaYorkZelda

AgathaBlasCeliaDarbyEstelleFrankGeorgetteHowardIsis

JavierKayLesterMadelineNewtonOrlenePaineRoslynSeymour

TinaVirgilWinifredXavierYolandaZeke

Eastern North Pacific Names


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Movement* and velocity

velocity = x latitude of tropical revolving storm(kts)


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg


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Map of the cumulative tracks of all tropical cyclones during the 1985

2005 time period. The Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line

sees more tropical cyclones than any other basin, while there is almost no

activity in the Atlantic Ocean south of the Equator.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Date_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Date_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg


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The dissipation stage

1. Seatemperature < 26C

2. Over land: increasing of friction => backing wind

=> more air in center

=> rising of pressure

less moist: potential energy cut off!

3. TRS approaches polair front in the warm air:

It induces a frontal low.


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Most dangerous quadrant northern hemisphere


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maandelijks en jaarlijkse gemiddelde aantallen tropische cyclonen per oceaangebied

oceaangebied jan feb mrt apr mei jun jul aug sep okt nov dec jaar

Noordatlantische oceaan * * * * * 0,3 0,4 1,5 2,7 1,3 0,3 * 5,2

Grote Oceaan(oost) * * * * 0,3 0,6 0,9 2,0 1,8 1,0 * * 5,8

Grote Oceaan(west) 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,7 0,9 1,2 2,7 4,0 4,1 3,3 2,1 0,7 17,8

Grote Oceaan(Australi) 0,7 1,1 1,3 0,3 * * 0,1 0,1 * * 0,3 0,5 3,8

ZW-Indische Oceaan 1,3 1,1 0,8 0,4 * * * * * * * 0,5 3,8

N-Indische Oceaan * * * 0,1 0,5 0,2 0,1 * 0,1 0,4 0,6 0,2 2,2

* minder dan 0,05

Frequency of TRS

Conclusion: end of summer and autumn highest risk*

Section 8 TB meteo

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