Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee...
Transcript of Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee...
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Section 6.1Types of
Chemical Bonding
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Chemical bond:
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Chemical bond:
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Chemical bond: a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together.
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![Page 8: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Two basic bond classifications:
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1. Ionic bonding:
Two basic bond classifications:
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1. Ionic bonding:bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions.
Two basic bond classifications:
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1. Ionic bonding:bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions.
2. Covalent bonding:
Two basic bond classifications:
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1. Ionic bonding:bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions.
2. Covalent bonding:results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms.
Two basic bond classifications:
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As a general rule:
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- ionic bonds form between
As a general rule:
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- ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal
As a general rule:
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- ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal
As a general rule:
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- ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal
- covalent bonds form between nonmetals
As a general rule:
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However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
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Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
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Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
![Page 23: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
![Page 24: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
![Page 25: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
![Page 26: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
![Page 27: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
![Page 28: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
However, to determine the exact bond type, chemists use the difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms.
![Page 29: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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Example Problem:Use the electronegativity differences to classify the bonding between chlorine and the following elements: Ca, O, and Br.
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Example Problem:Use the electronegativity differences to classify the bonding between chlorine and the following elements: Ca, O, and Br.
Electronegativity difference Bond Type
greater than 1.7 ionic
between 0.3 - 1.7 polar covalent
less then 0.3 nonpolar covalent
![Page 34: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
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Ionic Bonding (section 6.3)
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Lewis dot structures: the use of dot to represent an atom’s valence electrons.
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Lewis dot structures: the use of dot to represent an atom’s valence electrons.
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Lewis dot structures can be used to show the formation of ionic bonds:
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Crystal Lattice
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Crystal Lattice
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Ionic compounds form a tightlypacked "crystal lattice."
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Crystal: solids that have a repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules.
Ionic compounds form a tightlypacked "crystal lattice."
![Page 44: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Crystal: solids that have a repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules.
Ionic compounds form a tightlypacked "crystal lattice."
![Page 45: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Crystal: solids that have a repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules.
Lattice: structures having a regular geometrical arrangement.
Ionic compounds form a tightlypacked "crystal lattice."
![Page 46: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Lattice Energy:
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Lattice Energy:
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Lattice Energy:
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Energy required to break apart a crystal lattice (positive value; requires energy)
Lattice Energy:
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Energy required to break apart a crystal lattice (positive value; requires energy)
When a crystal lattice forms, energy is given off (negative value; loses energy).
Lattice Energy:
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Lattice Energy:
p183
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Lattice energy is also directlyproportional to a compound's melting point.
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The more negative the lattice energy,the higher the melting point.
Lattice energy is also directlyproportional to a compound's melting point.
![Page 54: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The strength of ionic bonds are:
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1. Directly proportional to the charge of the ions.
The strength of ionic bonds are:
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1. Directly proportional to the charge of the ions.
2. Inversely proportional to the size of an ion.
The strength of ionic bonds are:
![Page 57: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
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For each of the following pairs of ionic compounds, circle which would have the highest melting point:
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For each of the following pairs of ionic compounds, circle which would have the highest melting point:
a. LiF or KBr
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For each of the following pairs of ionic compounds, circle which would have the highest melting point:
a. LiF or KBr
b. NaCl or MgS
![Page 61: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
For each of the following pairs of ionic compounds, circle which would have the highest melting point:
a. LiF or KBr
b. NaCl or MgS
c. CaO or BaBr2
![Page 62: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
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Properties of Ionic Compounds:
![Page 65: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
1. High melting & boiling points
Properties of Ionic Compounds:
![Page 66: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
1. High melting & boiling points
2. An electrolyte (conducts electricity when molten or dissolved in water)
Properties of Ionic Compounds:
![Page 67: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
1. High melting & boiling points
2. An electrolyte (conducts electricity when molten or dissolved in water)
Properties of Ionic Compounds:
3. Hard & brittle
![Page 68: Section 6.1 Types of - Mrs. Rhee Sciencemrhee.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/3/2/9832831/ionic_bonding... · 2018. 9. 6. · 2. Covalent bonding: Two basic bond classifications: 1. Ionic](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071415/6110a3cc4ff0d41eb7007e6a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
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