Section 4: The Home FrontSection 4: The Home FrontSection 5: The Legacy of the Section 5: The Legacy of the

WarWar

As with the other wars we’ve seen, As with the other wars we’ve seen, WWII needed the help of a lot of WWII needed the help of a lot of

people “at home”people “at home”

Factories produced Factories produced war goods war goods

(no 1942-45 American (no 1942-45 American cars)cars)

People took over People took over soldiers jobs soldiers jobs

(like “(like “Rosie the Riveter” Rosie the Riveter” (8)(8)))

People rationed and People rationed and made sacrifices.made sacrifices.

After Pearl Harbor a lot of Americans After Pearl Harbor a lot of Americans were mad at anyone with Japanese were mad at anyone with Japanese

ancestryancestry Their loyalty to the Their loyalty to the

United States was United States was constantly questioned.constantly questioned.

It was decided they It was decided they couldn’t be trusted and couldn’t be trusted and had to beheld and had to beheld and watched in what watched in what became known as became known as the the JapaneseJapanese Internment Internment (15).(15).

More than 100,000 Japanese Americans were More than 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced to give up their homes and most of what forced to give up their homes and most of what

they owned…they owned…

And move to guarded And move to guarded camps.camps.

Two thirds of these Two thirds of these Japanese Americans Japanese Americans were actually born in were actually born in the U.S.the U.S.

Most remained very Most remained very patriotic. patriotic.

Some even volunteered Some even volunteered for the armies and were for the armies and were among the most among the most decorated soldiers in decorated soldiers in WWII.WWII.

(recognized for doing brave and heroic things)(recognized for doing brave and heroic things)

WWII resulted in WWII resulted in 73,000,00073,000,000 deathsdeaths

418,500 Americans418,500 Americans 23,000,000 23,000,000

RussiansRussians 20,000,000 20,000,000

ChineseChinese 7 Million Germans7 Million Germans 5.6 million Poles5.6 million Poles …………………………....

WWII also cost a lot of WWII also cost a lot of moneymoney

$1,600,000,000,000$1,600,000,000,000 U.S.: U.S.:

$288,000,000,000. $288,000,000,000.

After the war, many After the war, many other countries were other countries were having money having money problems (it had been problems (it had been the depression – their the depression – their cities needed rebuilding cities needed rebuilding – people were without – people were without homes and jobs…).homes and jobs…).

The United States did The United States did help out – even Japan help out – even Japan and Germany and Germany

(The Marshall Plan – (The Marshall Plan – (24))(24))

There were some separate “visions” There were some separate “visions” for Europe and the world after WWIIfor Europe and the world after WWII

One was One was “The “The Atlantic Charter”Atlantic Charter” on an extra page in on an extra page in your packets.your packets.

Another took place Another took place at at The Yalta The Yalta ConferenceConference (on an (on an extra page in your extra page in your packets)packets)

The U.S. government also tried to help out The U.S. government also tried to help out our own soldiers by passing our own soldiers by passing “the G.I. Bill” “the G.I. Bill”

(26)(26) This gave veterans This gave veterans

economic help.economic help. It also gave many It also gave many

of them a chance of them a chance to get an education to get an education (paid for college).(paid for college).

And the Allies took care of the German officers And the Allies took care of the German officers responsible for the Holocaust – at: responsible for the Holocaust – at: the Nuremberg the Nuremberg

Trials (31)Trials (31) After the war, some of those responsible for crimes After the war, some of those responsible for crimes

committed during the Holocaust were brought to committed during the Holocaust were brought to trial. trial.

Nuremberg, Germany, was chosen as a site for trials Nuremberg, Germany, was chosen as a site for trials that took place in 1945 and 1946. Judges from the that took place in 1945 and 1946. Judges from the Allied powers -- Great Britain, France, the Soviet Allied powers -- Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States -- presided over the Union, and the United States -- presided over the hearings of twenty-two major Nazi criminals. hearings of twenty-two major Nazi criminals.

Twelve prominent Nazis were sentenced to death. Twelve prominent Nazis were sentenced to death. Most of the defendants admitted to the crimes of Most of the defendants admitted to the crimes of which they were accused, although most claimed that which they were accused, although most claimed that they were simply following the orders of a higher they were simply following the orders of a higher authority. Those individuals directly involved in the authority. Those individuals directly involved in the killing received the most severe sentences. killing received the most severe sentences.

Other people who played key roles in the Holocaust, Other people who played key roles in the Holocaust, including high-level government officials, and including high-level government officials, and business executives who used concentration camp business executives who used concentration camp inmates as forced laborers, received short prison inmates as forced laborers, received short prison sentences or no penalty at all. sentences or no penalty at all.

The allies also pushed a new world The allies also pushed a new world peacekeeping group peacekeeping group (The United Nations - (The United Nations -

36)36)

Even though the war was over, Even though the war was over, there were still some tensions in there were still some tensions in

the world.the world. Many countries Many countries

began demanding began demanding independenceindependence

The United States The United States and its democratic and its democratic friends were real friends were real concerned about concerned about the spread of the spread of communism – by communism – by the Soviet Union.the Soviet Union.