Section 3

Nazi Persecution of the Jews

Nazi laws stripped Jews of citizenship and full fundamental rights; immigration restrictions in other countries made leaving Germany difficult.

Section 3

• During the Holocaust, the Nazis killed nearly 6 million European Jews.

− The Hebrew term for the Holocaust is Shoah, meaning “catastrophe.”

Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)

• Although the Nazis persecuted anyone who dared oppose them, as well as the disabled, Gypsies, homosexuals, and Slavic peoples, they reserved their strongest hatred for the Jews.

Section 3

• After the Nazis took power, they quickly moved to deprive German Jews of many established rights.

Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)

− In September 1935 the Nuremberg Laws took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and prohibited marriage between Jews and other Germans.

− Soon, other rights, such as the ability to work in certain professions, were taken away as well.

Section 3

• On November 7, 1938, a young Jewish refugee named Herschel Grynszpan shot and killed a German diplomat in Paris.

Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)

− In retaliation, Hitler ordered his minister of propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, to stage attacks against the Jews that would seem like a spontaneous reaction to news of the murder.

Section 3

• The anti-Jewish violence that erupted throughout Germany and Austria that night came to be called Kristallnacht, or “night of broken glass.”

Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)

− Following the night of violence, the Gestapo arrested at least 20,000 wealthy Jews, releasing them only if they agreed to emigrate and surrender all their possessions.

Section 3

• Between 1933, when Hitler took power, and the start of World War II in 1939, some 350,000 Jews escaped Germany.

Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)

− However, many Jews remained trapped in Nazi-dominated Europe.

Section 3

• Several factors limited Jewish immigration to the United States:

Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)

− Jews could not take more than about four dollars out of Germany, and American immigration laws forbade granting a visa to anyone “likely to become a public charge.”

− High unemployment rates in the 1930s made immigration unpopular.

− Some Americans were anti-Semitic.

Section 3

− The existing immigration policy allowed only 150,000 immigrants annually.

• At an international conference on refuges in 1938, several European countries, the United States, and Latin America stated their regret that they could not take in more of Germany’s Jews.

• The SS St. Louis, with 930 Jewish refugees on board, was denied permission to dock in Cuba or the United States and turned back to Europe.

Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Jews were deprived of the following rights EXCEPT

A. holding public office.

B. voting.

C. keeping their German-sounding names.

D. leaving the country.

Section 3

The Final Solution

Nazi atrocities included sending millions of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, the disabled, and others to concentration camps and extermination camps.

Section 3

• On January 20, 1942, Nazi leaders met at the Wannsee Conference to determine the “final solution of the Jewish question.”

− They decided to round up healthy Jews from the vast areas of Nazi-controlled Europe and take them to detention centers known as concentration camps.

The Final Solution (cont.)

The Holocaust, 1939–1945

Section 3

− Most others, including the elderly, the infirm, and young children, would be sent to extermination camps.

− Some camps include Buchenwald, Auschwitz, and Treblinka.

The Final Solution (cont.)

• In only a few years, Jewish culture, which had existed in Europe for over 1,000 years, had been virtually obliterated by the Nazis in the lands they conquered.

The Holocaust, 1939–1945

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Which country suffered the most Jewish losses?

A. Belgium

B. Germany

C. Hungary

D. Poland

Section 4-End

VS 4

Effects

Holocaust

• During the Holocaust, the Nazis killed an estimated 6 million Jews.

• Jews were targeted and sent to concentration or extermination camps throughout Europe.

Figure 7

DFS Trans 3

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