Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases
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Transcript of Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases
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Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases
We need to know what acids behave when talking about ant-acids!
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Acids
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Acids – Arrhenius Definition
Produce Hydronium ion (H3O+1) in water
Hydronium ion is water + a hydrogen cation
H
OH
water
H+1
H
OH
H +1
By this definition, if an acid is to give a H+1 to water, then all acids will have hydrogen as the cation (first element written).
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How do Acids produce Hydronium?
H
OH
H -
water acid
Hydrogen cation with some anion
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How do Acids produce Hydronium?
H
OH
H -+1
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How do Acids produce Hydronium?
H
OH
H+1 -
Hydronium ion Anion
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Naming Acids
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These compounds have:Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too).Do not contain oxygen
To name these compounds:Use “hydro____ic acid”Fill in the blank with the anion’s name without
the last syllable
Naming non-oxygen Acids
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Example #1
HBr
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Example #1
HBr
Hydrogen cation
Bromine
It’s an acid
No oxygenUse “hydro___ic”
Hydrobromic acid
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These compounds have:Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too).Do contain oxygen
To name these compounds:Use “___ic acids” for “-ate” anionsUse “___ous acids” for “-ite” anions
Naming Oxygen Acids
Do not use “hydro” with these…the word “acid” is how you know it begins with hydrogen, not “hydro-”
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Example #2
H2SO3
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Example #2
Hydrogen cation
Sulfite ion
It’s an acid
“-ite” ionUse “___ous” acid
H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
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Example #3
H2SO4
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Example #3
Hydrogen cation
Sulfate ion
It’s an acid
“-ate” ionUse “___ic”
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
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Let’s Practice
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
HCl
HNO3
H2S
H3PO3
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Let’s Practice
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Hydrosulfuric acid
Phosphorous acid
Example:Write the name for the following
compounds
HCl
HNO3
H2S
H3PO3
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Writing Acid Formulas
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To write these formulas:The cation is H+1
Write the anion and chargeBalance the charges by adding the appropriate
subscript to the hydrogen cation
“Hydro-” acids
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Example #4
Hydrofluoric acid
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Example #4
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen cation
Does not contain oxygen
H+1
F-1
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Example #4
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen cation
Does not contain oxygen
H+1
F-1
HF
H+1F-1
+1 + -1 = 0
The compound is neutral.Subscripts are not needed
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To write these formulas:The cation is H+1
If it is an “-ic” acid, the anion is the “-ate” polyatomic ion
If it is an “-ous” acid, the anion is the “-ite” polyatomic ion
Add subscript to the hydrogen cation to balance charges
NON “Hydro-” acids
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Example #5
Carbonic acid
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Example #5
Carbonic acid
Hydrogen cation
From the “___ate” anion
H+1
CO3-2
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Example #5
Carbonic acid
Hydrogen cation
From the “___ate” anion
H+1
CO3-2
H2CO3
H+CO32-
+1 + -2 = -1
H+H+CO32-
+1 + 1 + -2 = 0
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Example #6
Nitrous acid
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Example #6
Nitrous acid
Hydrogen cation
From the “___ite” anion
H+1
NO3-1
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Example #6
Nitrous acid
Hydrogen cation
From the “___ite” anion
H+1
NO3-1
HNO2
H+NO2-
+1 + -1 = 0
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Let’s Practice
Example:Write the
formula for the following acids
Phosphoric acid
Hydroiodic acid
Carbonous acid
Perchloric acid
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Phosphoric acid
Hydroiodic acid
Carbonous acid
Perchloric acid
Let’s Practice
H3PO4
HI
H2CO2
HClO4
Example:Write the
formula for the following acids
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Bases
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Bases – Arrhenius Definition
Bases produce the hydroxide ion in water
HO-1
Hydroxide Ion
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Naming & Writing Bases
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Most bases are just ionic compounds with “hydroxide” as their anion
The most common exception to this is ammoniaNH3 (ammonia) is a base even though it doesn’t
contain “-OH” as the anion
Naming Bases
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Example #7
NaOH
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Example #7
NaOH
Sodium
Hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide
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Let’s Practice
Example:Write the formula or
name for each
Ca(OH)2
KOH
Sr(OH)2
Copper (II) hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
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Let’s Practice
Calcium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Strontium hydroxide
Cu(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
Example:Write the formula or
name for each
Ca(OH)2
KOH
Sr(OH)2
Copper (II) hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide