Section 24.1. Explain why the US decided to sponsor the "Europe First" campaign Evaluate the...
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Transcript of Section 24.1. Explain why the US decided to sponsor the "Europe First" campaign Evaluate the...
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The Allies Turn the TideSection 24.1
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Objectives Explain why the US decided to
sponsor the "Europe First" campaign
Evaluate the reasons for an invasion of North Africa
Understand the concept of the "Soft Underbelly" of Europe
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U-Boats in the Atlantic Groups of U-Boats known as
“Wolfpacks” patrolled the Atlantic• Sinking merchant ships and allied supply
ships
The use of Radar ended the dominance of U-Boats in the Atlantic• Helped allied vessels locate U-boats quickly• US Navy began escorting supply ships and
quickly reduced the threat of U-boat attacks
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U.S. and England Attack Germany
Early 1942 Allied bombers began bombing Germany• English bombers flew by night and initiated
saturation bombing on cities Wanted to inflict maximum damage
• American bombers flew by day and targeted political and industrial centers Strategic bombing- Destroy Germany’s capacity
to make war
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Tuskegee Airmen All African-American fighter squadron
• Escorted and protected bombers from fighter planes
• Completed over 1,500 missions over enemy territory
• Did not lose a single bomber
This group of pilots helped promote the publics view on African-American soldiers greatly
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The Atlantic Wall To help prevent a full-scale invasion
in the west, Hitler created the Atlantic Wall
• Series of blockades on beaches
• Fixed artillery locations
• Standing armies along the Atlantic coast
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North Africa Campaign Reasons for entering North Africa
• Stalin desperately wanted a “Second Front” for the war in Europe
• Allies were not ready for an invasion across the English channel
• Occupying North Africa would cut off German fuel supplies
• Would eventually lead to the invasion of Italy
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Invasion of North Africa Dwight D.
Eisenhower “Ike”• Supreme Allied
commander• Led invasion of
North Africa Bernard
Montgomery• Leader of British
Forces in Europe
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Allies Drive Germans Out October 1942, British won a Major
Victory at El Alamein
November 1942, American troops landed in Morocco and Algeria• Moved Eastward toward German positions
February 1943, American and German forces met at Kasserine Pass in Tunisia
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Victory at Kasserine General George S.
Patton• Led forces at
Kasserine Pass• Promoted by “Ike” to
be leader of North Africa forces
German forces surrender 240,000 troops
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Casablanca Conference Churchill and Roosevelt met in
Casablanca following the victory in North Africa
Decisions made at Casablanca• Increase bombing of Germany• Invade Italy• Allies would only accept Unconditional
Surrender Giving up completely without any concessions
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Invasion of Italy “Soft Underbelly
of Europe”• Invasion of Sicily by
British and American troops
• Forced Benito Mussolini to flee
• Italy surrendered
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Invasion of Italy German forces remained in Italy
• Created two lines of defense• Gustav Line • Gothic Line
Italian campaign was not strategically successful
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Objectives Explain why the US decided to
sponsor the "Europe First" campaign
Evaluate the reasons for an invasion of North Africa
Understand the concept of the "Soft Underbelly" of Europe