Section 2 – Farmstead Planning · 2019. 5. 3. · 10D Geotechnical Design & Construction...
Transcript of Section 2 – Farmstead Planning · 2019. 5. 3. · 10D Geotechnical Design & Construction...
Structure Sizing and Evaluation
CNMP Core CurriculumSection 2 – Farmstead Planning
Objectives• Critical storage interval.
• Calculate storage volume• Adequacy of existing storage and treatment
facilities• Investigation techniques
To Be Discussed:• Storage Volumes• Critical Storage Period• Evaluate Existing Structures
Storage Requirements• State Specific Requirements
– Section IV eFOTG –
– Timing for Environmentally Safe Manure Utilization• Active growing periods• Extension recommendations
State 313 Storage Period
Iowa 120 days min425 days max (14 m)
Nebraska 180 days
Kansas 120 days
• Rainfall• Runoff • Process
Wastewater• Manure
Storage VolumeWaste Sources:
• Milking System Wash• Bulk Tank Wash• Clean-Up• Rinses During Milking • Wash Pen• Auto Back Flush • Sinks / Boot Wash• Washing Machine• Foot Bath• Plate Cooler• Flush System
Process Wastewater ExampleMilking Center Wastewater:
Dairy Flush Waste Collection System
Scrape collection – Tractor
Wastewater Storage Inspection
• Manure/Effluent Level– Sufficient Capacity for Runoff Event?– Regular Monitoring Early Detection
• Seepage Into or Out of the Structure
– Liquid Level Indicators Installed?• State Specific Requirements
Storage VolumeTypical Storage Pond -
In some states, the freeboard must be below the crest of the spillway. Check your state rules and regulations.
Emergency Storm Storage & Freeboard
• Storage for a 25 yr, 24-hr storm event– Direct precipitation– Runoff
• Freeboard – typically 1’ but can vary by state
Emergency Storm Storage
Free Board
Operating Level
Volume Calculations
• V = volume• r = radius• d = depth
drπV 2 ××=
• Cylindrical storage structures
Volume Calculations• Earthen Sloped Wall Structure
– Z = slope ratio– d = depth– BW = Bottom width– BL = Bottom length
( ) ( ) ( )dBLBWdBWZdBLZdZV ××+××+××+
××= 22
32
34
Volume Calculations• A Quick Way to Estimate Volume for sloped
earthen storage
((Areatop + Areabot)/2) x depth
Defining the “critical storage period”
The critical storage interval is the minimum storage period required to hold
all waste and rainfall between land application events
The Cropping System Will Define the Minimum Storage Interval
Storage Interval
Can the existing waste management and cropping
system be managed in a properfashion to accommodate a herd
of 175 lactating cows?
Example CNMP Dairy
Corn Silage Wheat Cover ForageJanuary FebruaryMarchApril PlantMay ActiveJune GrowingJuly Burn down PeriodAugustSeptember HarvestOctoberNovember PlantDecember
Example Dairy Cropping System
Corn Silage Wheat Cover ForageJanuary FebruaryMarch Application ApplicationApril PlantMay ActiveJune GrowingJuly Burn down PeriodAugustSeptember HarvestOctober Application ApplicationNovember PlantDecember
Example Dairy Cropping System
Monthly waste and rainfall runoff volumes are needed
Build an Inflow – Outflow Tablefor the waste storage structure
Inflow – Outflow Volumes: Holding Pond (ft3)Month Available
Volume –Beginning of
month
Waste Inflow AvailableVolume –
End of month
Application Volume
April 67,115 12,530 54,585 0May 54,585 13,260 41,325 0June 41,325 9,150 32,175 0July 32,175 13,100 19,075 0August 19,075 9,940 9,135 0September 9,135 9,600 (465) 67,580October 67,115 12,360 54,755 12,360November 67,115 16,630 50,485 0December 50,485 17,650 32,835 0January 32,835 17,480 15,355 0February 15,355 15,420 (65) 0March (65) 18,990 (19,055) 86,170
Storage Period VolumesStorage Period 1 Storage Period 2 Yearly Storage
TotalsNovember – March April – October(151 Days) (214 Days)
Gallons Gallons GallonsManure (50% of 175 lactating cows) 167,062 236,765 403,827
Bedding (Sawdust) 18,865 26,735 45,600Wash water(249 gal./day) 37,724 53,470 91,194
Silage leachate 7,630 7,630 15,260Runoff Trench Silo, 6,000sfFeed Bunk, 1,320sfconcrete lot, 13,000sf
269,280 312,984 582,264
Direct rainfall(precip-evap) 142,494 -39,414 103,080
Total 643,055 598,170 1,241,225
** Table does not include permanent storage, 25yr-24hr storm storage, or freeboard volume.
Storage Period VolumesStorage Period 1 Storage Period 2 Yearly Storage
TotalsNovember – March April – October(151 Days) (214 Days)Cubic Feet Cubic Feet Cubic Feet
Manure (50% of 175 lactating cows) 22,334 31,653 53,988
Bedding (Sawdust) 2,522 3,574 6,096Wash water(249 gal./day) 5,043 7,148 12,192
Silage leachate 1,020 1,020 2,040Runoff Trench Silo, 6,000sfFeed Bunk, 1,320sfconcrete lot, 13,000sf
36,000 41,843 77,843
Direct rainfall(precip-evap) 19,050 -5,269 13,781
Total 85,970 79,969 165,939
** Table does not include permanent storage, 25yr-24hr storm storage, or freeboard volume.
Storage required for the five month period from November – March = 644,000 gallons
86,000 cubic ft
Sample Dairy CNMPCritical Storage Interval
Storage required for the seven month period from April – October = 598,000 gallons
80,000 cubic ft
Storage Volume Sets Application Schedule !
• Existing Waste Storage
• Earthen Holding Pond:– Stores waste from freestall barn, loafing lot and all
runoff handled as waste at the Barr Dairy Farm
• Planning Volume ~ 502,000 gallons / 67,115 ft3
• Total volume – (freeboard, 25 yr, 24-hr storm + permanent storage)
Evaluate Existing Components• Storage Structure
Liners• Walls• Fences• Embankments• Size / Storage
Capacity of theStructure
Evaluate Existing Components
• Inlet Pipes• Ramps• Clean Water
Diversion• Resource
Concerns– Existing soils
• Water table• Gravel• Karst soils
Earthen Storage Inspection• Liner Erosion
– Wave action– Manure inlets and
agitation points– Rainfall– Burrowing animals,
trees and large weeds– Is there a liner present?
Earthen Storage Inspection• Structural Integrity
– Pipes Through Structures
– Outside Toe and Sidewall of Berms
– Note Any Soft, Moist, Slumping Areas
– Background Data
Storage Inspection• Appearance
– Maintained• Cut vegetation• Remove trash
Storage Inspection• Safety
– Fenced to Limit Access
– Warning Signs– Pits Should Contain
an Escape Ladder– Permanent Cover
Over Pits
Storage Inspection• Records
– Required!!!– Early Detection of Problems– Verify Storage Period
Background Site Data• Evaluate Existing Soils
Data – Geologic Investigation• High Groundwater• Bedrock• Gravel• Hard Pan• Karst Topography• Sandy Soils
• If the Integrity of the Structure is Suspect, Investigate!
Soil Data Mart:http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/
Investigate!• Visual Inspection
– Can You See Evidence of Past Discharges?
• Evaluate Records
Liner Investigation• Does As-Built Exist?• Evaluate Liner Material
– Sample Existing Liner– Wetting Characteristics– Compaction
Water Balance
• Mass Balance Method• Storage = Qin-Qout- Seepage - Evaporation
– Pumping Records– Pan Evaporation
Evaluate Liner• Sampling
– Shelby Tube Hand Sampler
• ASTM D - 5084, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter.
Existing HoldingPond k Values
Sample # Orentation Density (pcf)
Natural Water %
k Value (cm/sec)
k Value (ft/day)
1W/F02-381 Vertical 89.2 31.6 1.8 x 10-8 0.000052
1S/F02-382 Vertical 91.4 30.8 1.6 x 10-8 0.000044 1/F02-383 Vertical 92.4 29.6 1.6 x 10-8 0.000046
2W/F02-384 Vertical 87.4 35.7 1.8 x 10-8 0.000051 2S/F02-385 Vertical 86.8 34.3 9.6 x 10-7 0.0027 2/F02-386 Vertical 87.8 30.2 1.2 x 10-7 0.00035
3/F02-387 Vertical 94.1 27.0 1.6 x 10-8 0.000045
4/F02-388 Vertical 95.8 26.7 6.1 x 10-8 0.00017
Seepage Meter
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Improper storage
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Improper storage
Reference Materials• USDA – NRCS. Part 651, AWMFH, Ch. 7
Geology and Groundwater and Ch. 10, Appendix 10D Geotechnical Design & Construction Guidelines.
• MWPS-18, Manure Storages, Section 2, 2001. Midwest Plan Service
• MWPS-36, Concrete Manure Storage Handbook, 1994 Midwest Plan Service
• American Concrete Institute. Building Code requirements for Reinforced Concrete, ACI 318-89 (Revised 1992).
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