Section 14.2 page 458 Social, economic, & religious conflicts challenge European political order.
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Transcript of Section 14.2 page 458 Social, economic, & religious conflicts challenge European political order.
Section 14.2 page 458
Social, economic, & religious conflicts challenge European
political order.
Economic & Social Crises In Europe Economic problem: inflation
– Influx of gold & silver from Americas– growing pop -increased demand for land/food
which increased prices Failing economies in Europe
Witchcraft Trials Witchcraft - nothing new Inquisition & militant religions-
charged many w/ heresy Over 100,000 charged/executed
– Targets-Commoners & women • tortured
Hysteria fades 1650 b/c:– Stronger Gov.– Belief in old world spirits
fades
The 30yrsWar (1618-1648) “last of the religious wars” Peace of Augsburg (1555)-
– didn’t recognize Calvinism• Religious disputes –Holy Roman Empire (HRE-
Germany) Events:
– 1618 Catholic Hapsburg of HRE vs. Protestant nobles (Calvinists)
– All major powers besides England• Goal-territory & European leadership
Result– Peace of Westphalia: Ended war 1648
• France & allies –new territory• HRE divided into 300 states- Religious Freedom
Revolutions in England Elizabeth I died (1603) - Tudor dynasty done James I -king Revolution Causes
– King James I• divine right of kings- only answer to God
– Parliament disagreed– Religion
• Puritans- Want Church of England more Protestant - too many rituals
• House of Commons -Puritans– King Charles I (James’s son)
• Added rituals to Church of England– angered Puritans–some go to America
• Rejected Petition of Right-no taxes without Parliament’s consent
English Revolution 1642 King’s supporters (Cavaliers ) vs. parliaments forces
(Roundheads) Parliament wins b/c …….
• Oliver Cromwell (military genius)• New Model Army: extreme Puritans (Independents)
fight for God. Results: Parliament ……..
– Executes Charles I– abolished monarchy & House of Lords
• Declared England a commonwealth (republic)– Cromwell later creates military dictatorship
English Restoration
– Cromwell died, Parliament set up monarchy • (Charles II )king -Protestant
–Sympathetic to Catholics–Created Habeas Corpus- case
brought before judge• Charles II died 1685 & Catholic brother
James II became king–Has Catholic son–Parliament fears Catholic monarchy
• Ask William the Orange to invade
Glorious Revolution William of Orange: Dutch leader & hubby of
James II’s daughter (Mary) Invade– Glorious Revolution” no bloodshed– James II & family fled - Catholic France– William & Mary take over & adopt English
Bill of Rights• Parliament -make laws & levy taxes• armies raised with Parliament’s consent• Citizens right
–to keep arms–a jury trial
Sorry Dad- But you picked him