Section 1: Science and Urban Life

Technology and City LifeIndustrialization -> jobs in the _____ -> Technology needs to meet the needs of

expanding pop.

SkyscrapersSteel and elevators

Louis Sullivan (1891) – Wainright Building (St. Louis)

Daniel Burnham (1902) – Flatiron Building (NYC)

Electric Transit Streetcars (trolley

cars) connected outlying neighborhoods to downtown

New railroad lines – growth of suburbs -> commute to downtown

“El” trains and subways

Engineering and Urban PlanningThe need for open space

Brooklyn Bridge (1883)

recreational areas are created

Fredrick Law Olmstead designs Central Park (NYC)

Let city people enjoy a “natural” setting

Chicago City plan

Sandy lake front parks + beaches

1893 Columbian Exposition – chance for America to show off

New Technologies High- speed press -> print on both sides ->

newspapers for a penny 1903 – Kitty Hawk, N. Carolina first

successful flight

The Wright Brothers

Photography Explosion

George Eastman – Kodak camera (1888) – flexible film – rise of photojournalism

Cities expanded upward with the creation of _________.

Cities expanded outward with the creation of __________.

Chicago’s city plan was designed to have _______ .

____________ ____________ was built in NYC to give people a recreation area in a natural setting.

Section 2Expanding Public Education

Preparation for workforce and citizenshipEconomic development (science + technology)Assimilation of immigrants

School for Children 1865-1895State laws: 12 to 16 weeks for 8 – 14 year

oldsReading, writing, arithmeticPhysical punishment + rote memorization3,000 kindergartens by 19001880 school enrollment

62% of white pop. 34% of black pop.

The Growth of High Schools Industrialization -> new jobs -> technical +

managerial skills1900 -> 500,000 high school studentsScience, civics, social studies, vocational

courses (mechanics)

Racial Discrimination 1910 – 3% of African Americans (15-19)

attended public high schoolMost went to private schools

Education for Immigrants 1860-1890 -> 10 million European

immigrantsFree public schools helped with

Americanization Mandatory reading from King James Version

of Bible -> parochial schools Adult immigrants -> night school to learn

English -> daytime programs at Henry Ford’s Model T plant in Michigan

Expanding Higher Education 2.3 % went to college10 – 12 % by 1920Psychology, sociology, professional schools for

law + medicineEntrance exams and high school diplomas for

admissionAfrican Americans

After Civil War (1865-1868) many pursued higher education

Private donors + Freedman’s Bureau opened Howard, Atlanta, Fisk Universities

Expanding Higher Education Booker T. Washington

Racism ends when blacks gain useful labor skills

Proved economic valueGradual inclusion into

societyDean of Tuskegee

University Teaching diplomas Skills in agriculture,

domestic, mechanical

W.E.B. Du BoisFirst Afr. Amer. to

receive doctorate from Harvard

1905 – founded Niagara movement (NAACP)-> liberal arts education

“talented tenth” – immediate inclusion into society

Full social and economic equality for blacks

Journal 11/15/13What are the similarities and differences

between their views on race? What do you think about their opinions on

how to achieve racial equality?

Section 3 –Segregation and Discrimination For 10 years after Reconstruction (1865-

1877) African Americans continue to vote + hold political jobs

Legal Discrimination - Voting Restrictions1890s – Southern lawsLiteracy testsPoll tax – annual tax must be paid to voteGrandfather clause – eligible to vote if

grandfather could vote before 1867

http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2013/06/28/voting_rights_and_the_supreme_court_the_impossible_literacy_test_louisiana.html

Jim Crow LawsSegregation laws – separate blacks and

whites in public and private facilitiesPlessy v. Ferguson (1896) – Supreme Court

rules separation of races in public facilities does not violate 14th Amendment“Separate but equal”

Race RelationsDe facto segregation

Informal rules and customs (racial etiquette)

Blacks and whites did not shake hands

Blacks remove their hats for whites

Move over on sidewalk violence -> more than 1,400

blacks were lynched, shot, burned, hanged without trial (1882-1892)

Discrimination in North -> segregated neighborhoods, discrimination in workplace + unions

Tension between working-class whites + blacks

NYC Race Riots (1900)

Discrimination in the West Railroads in Southwest

= Mexican workers 1902 – National

Reclamation Act – federal money for irrigation -> increase in agricultural work

Debt peonage = laborers were slaves until they worked off debt to employer (Mexicans + Afr. Amer.)

Journal What do you do in your free time? What is the

impact of leisure activities on American culture?

Section 4: The Dawn of Mass CultureMass culture is the set of ideas and values

that develop from a common exposure to the same media, news sources, music, sports and art

Away from city -> amusement parks, sports, theater

Amusement Parks

Coney Island 1884

Bicycling and Tennis1885 – “safety bicycle” – air tires -> women

no longer need chaperone -> “split” skirts

Spectator Sports 1903 first World

Series – Boston Pilgrims beat Pitt.

Pirates

1920 Negro Leagues

The Spread of Mass CultureMore schools, libraries, art galleries, printing

techniques

The Spread of Mass Culture

Joseph Pultizer – New York World (1883)

VS.

William Hearst – New York Morning Journal

“sin, sex, sensation”

The Spread of Mass CultureMore libraries and art galleriesAshcan school of art – realism – life as it

really is

Thomas Eakin

reflections, color, perspective

The Spread of Mass CulturePopular Fiction“dime novels” Western adventure tales

New Ways to Sell Goods Urban shopping

Marshal Field opens department store in Chicago (1865) Specialized departments

F.W. Woolworth opens chain stores -> sell goods for less

New Ways to Sell GoodsAdvertising –>

medicines, soaps -> on billboards, barns, newspapers

New Ways to Sell GoodsCatalogs and RFD –

rural free delivery – packages brought to homes