CHAPTER 22Section 1 – Expanding Horizons

Isolationism

Not being involved in foreign affairs

Expansionism

Expanding to neighboring territories

President Millard Fillmore

President in 1853 – sent Mathew Perry to Japan

Mathew Perry

Asked the Japan to begin trading goods with the U.S.

What had happened?

The fleet of war ships scared them

They signed a treaty

Treaty of Kanagawa

Japan opens ports to American Ships

We began moving west

Imperialism

When European nations got bigger by taking over smaller regions

William H. Seward

Wanted an American Empire to control the Caribbean, Central America, and the Pacific Ocean

The Purchase of Alaska

Became a state in 1912

Purchased for around a dollar an acre

Seward bought it from Russia for 7.2 million

Seward’s Foley He was made fun of because he

bought a piece of ice We discovered gold, oil and other

natural resources there

Josiah Strong

Wanted to spread Christianity to nations close by making them civilized

Monroe Doctrine

Warned European Nations not to try and colonize land in Central and South America

America Expanded to Latin America

Our influence changed their economy -

How?

Pan American Union

An agreement between the U.S. and Latin America to share information with one another

Captain Alfred Mayer Mahan

Wanted to enlarge and improve the Navy

Thought that a strong navy would intimidate the world

Know your Naval

In 1883, ships were built out of steel for the first time

We had to have a base to refuel them

Do you know what’s in your Naval

In the beginning ships were wooden and used sails

Then they were steam powered

Some are nuclear

Section 2

Imperialism in the Pacific

What does “imperialism” mean?

Question ??????

Where is the Pacific Ocean?

Seward’s Plan Slowly

spread the U.S. in other regions by colonizing smaller regions

Midway Island

Two strategic islands in the Pacific Ocean that Seward wanted to add to the U.S. for ships to stop and re-fuel

Hawaiian Islands

8 large islands in the Pacific Ocean

Were fisherman, and farmers of sugar cane and pineapples

There are no snakes there

King Kamehameha

The Hawaiian King that unified all the islands in Hawaii

He was born on the night that Haley’s Comet passed the earth

King Kalakaua

Gave the U.S. a naval base at Pearl Harbor

When we renewed our trade agreement with them

Hawaii becomes a the 50th State

Sugar planters couldn’t afford to pay the tariff on their sugar

So they agreed to become a U.S. territory

And soon, a state

Queen Liliuokalani

Was overthrown by American Sugar Planters

We had farms there

She took our power

So we took hers

Provisional

Temporary

Annexation

John Stevens arranged for us to win the revolt

Added Hawaii to the U.S.

Benjamin Harrison

Approved the annexation of Hawaii

Grover Cleveland

Withdrew the annexation of Hawaii because the Hawaiians didn’t want it

But… money talks and it happened anyway

Island of Samoa

The U.S. and Germany share the islands

Spheres of Influence

Areas where different countries have special powers

John Hay Proposed an

Open Door Policy with other Nations

Allowed any country in China to trade with other countries inside China’s Sphere of Influence

The Boxer Rebellion

Secret Chinese Martial Arts Society

Manchuria

Where the Russo-Japanese War was

President Theodore Roosevelt

Signed the Treaty of Portsmouth

Returned Korea to Japan

Only if they promised to stop expanding

Great White Fleet

Fleet of 16 white ships sent around the world to show everyone how powerful we were

CHAPTER 22Section 3- Spanish American War

The Cuban Rebellion – Jose Marti

Led the Cuban Revolt against the Cuban Government

William McKinley

Wanted to settle the Cuban conflict peacefully

Remember the Maine

An American war ship anchored in Havana Harbor, that blew up “Mysteriously”

War in the Phillipeans

Site of the first battle of the Spanish American War

Spain owned the Philippines

George Dewey

Led the battle in the Philippians

Emilio Aguinaldo

Led the rebels Fought to help

the American soldiers

Philippine Island of Luzon

The main island in the Philippines

Santiago - Cuba

Cuban harbor in the southeast corner of Cuba

The Rough Riders

Led by Theodore Roosevelt

The Battle of San Juan Hill

Puerto Rico

We took it after we left Cuba

We still have it

Protectorate

A country that is independent but is controlled by another country anyway

Platt Amendment

Gave the US. Control of parts of Cuba

Gave us Guantanamo Bay

Anti Imperialism

Opposing foreign expansion

William Howard Taft

Wanted to get the Philippines ready to run themselves

CHAPTER 22Section 4 – Latin American Policies

The Isthmus of Panama

Country in Central America

Site of the Panama Canal

Was controlled by France

The Nashville

Encouraged the Panamanians to revolt against the Columbians

Colonel William Gorgas

Helped eliminate Yellow fever

It is spread by mosquitoes

Anarchy

Disorder and lawlessness

Usually a rebellion against the Government

Roosevelt Corollary

Gave the U.S. the right to but into South American business if they acted a fool

Dollar Diplomacy

The idea that the U.S. should be concerned with the stability of other nations

Francisco Madero overthrew Porfirio Diaz

Victoriana Huerta

Overthrew Madera

Liked the idea of wealth and trade with other countries

Woodrow Wilson

Refused to recognize Huerta

Used Moral Diplomacy to challenge Mexico

Diplomacy is the idea that talking can resolve any issues you have with other countries

Venustiano Carranza

Huerta’s rival The U.S. sold

him guns hoping he would kill Huerta

Francisco “Poncho” Villa

Opposed Carranza

Killed several Americans just to make us mad

Went into New Mexico and Burned down the town of Columbus

General John J. Pershing

Went to kill Villa Couldn’t find

him He came back

empty handed when WWI began

The End