Population Sample Parameter: Proportion p Count Mean Median Statistic: Proportion Count Mean Median.
SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a...
-
Upload
dora-bridges -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
3
Transcript of SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a...
![Page 1: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SECTION 1-3
TYPES OF DATA
![Page 2: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Parameter
Parameter a numerical measurement describing some
characteristic of a population.
population
parameter
![Page 3: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Statistic
Statistic
a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample.
sample
statistic
![Page 4: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Example 1:
Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter: In a large sample of households, the median annual income per household for high school graduates is $19,856 (based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau).
Statistic
![Page 5: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Example 2:
Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter: A study of all 2,223 passengers aboard the Titanic found that 706 survived when it sank.
Parameter
![Page 6: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example 3:
Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter: If the areas of the 50 states are added and the sum is divided by 50, the result is 196,533 square kilometers.
Parameter
![Page 7: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Example 4:
Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter: The author measured the voltage supplied to his home on 40 different days, and the average (mean) value is 123.7 volts.
Statistic
![Page 8: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Quantitative Data
Quantitative (or numerical) data
consists of numbers representing counts or measurements.
Example: The weights of supermodels.
Example: The ages of respondents.
![Page 9: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Categorical Data
Categorical (or qualitative or attribute) data
consists of names or labels (representing categories).
Example: The genders (male/female) of professional athletes.
Example: Shirt numbers on professional athletes uniforms - substitutes for names.
![Page 10: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Working with Quantitative Data
Quantitative data can further be described by distinguishing between discrete and continuous types.
![Page 11: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Discrete Data
Discrete dataresult when the number of possible values is either a finite
number or a ‘countable’ number.
(i.e. the number of possible values is 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .)
Example: The number of eggs that a hen lays.
![Page 12: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Continuous Data
Continuous (numerical) dataresult from infinitely many possible values that
correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range
of values without gaps, interruptions, or jumps.
![Page 13: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example 5:
Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set: In New York City, there are 3,250 walk buttons that pedestrians can press at traffic intersections, and 2,500 of them do no work (based on data from the article “For Exercise in New York Futility, Push Button, “ by Michael Luo, New York Times).
Discrete
![Page 14: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Example 6:
Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set: The amount of nicotine in a Marlboro cigarette is 1.2 mg.
Continuous
![Page 15: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Example 7:
Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set: In a test of a method of gender selection developed by the Genetics & IVF Institute, 726 couples used the XSORT method and 668 of them had baby girls.
Discrete
![Page 16: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Example 8:
Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or continuous data set: When a Cadillac STS is randomly selected and weighed, it is found to weigh 1,827.9 kg.
Continuous
![Page 17: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Levels of Measurement
Another way to classify data is to use levels of measurement. Four of these levels are discussed in the following slides.
![Page 18: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nominal Level
Nominal level of measurement characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or
categories only, and the data cannot be arranged in an
ordering scheme (such as low to high).
Example: Survey responses yes, no, undecided.
![Page 19: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ordinal Level
Ordinal level of measurement involves data that can be arranged in some order, but
differences between data values either cannot be
determined or are meaningless.
Example: Course grades A, B, C, D, or F.
![Page 20: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Interval Level
Interval level of measurement
like the ordinal level, with the additional property that the
difference between any two data values is meaningful,
however, there is no natural zero starting point (where
none of the quantity is present).
Example: Years 1000, 2000, 1776, and 1492.
![Page 21: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ratio Level
Ratio level of measurement
the interval level with the additional property that there is
also a natural zero starting point (where zero indicates that
none of the quantity is present); for values at this level,
differences and ratios are meaningful.
Example: Prices of college textbooks ($0 represents no
cost, a $100 book costs twice as much as a $50 book).
![Page 22: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Summary - Levels of Measurement
Nominal - categories only
Ordinal - categories with some order
Interval - differences but no natural starting point
Ratio - differences and a natural starting point
Table 1.2 on page 15 of your textbook is a great summary as well.
![Page 23: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Example 9:
Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate: Voltage measurements from the author’s home (listed in Data Set 13 in Appendix B from your textbook.)
Ratio
![Page 24: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Example 10:
Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate: Critic ratings of movies on a scale from 0 star to 4 stars.
Ordinal
![Page 25: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Example 11:
Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate: Companies (Disney, MGM, Warner Brothers, Universal, 20th Century Fox) that produced the movies listed in Data Set 7 in Appendix B in your textbook.
Nominal
![Page 26: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Example 12:
Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate: Years in which movies were released, as listed in Data Set 9 in Appendix B in your textbook.
Interval
![Page 27: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Example 13:
Identify the (a) sample and (b) population. Also, determine whether the sample is likely to be representative of the population: The newspaper USA Today published a health survey, and some readers completed the survey and returned it.
Sample: The readers who returned the completed survey. Population: all readers of USA Today (answers may vary). The sample is not likely to be representative of the population because it is a voluntary response sample.
![Page 28: SECTION 1-3 TYPES OF DATA. Parameter a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population. population parameter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649d745503460f94a53b69/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Example 14:
Identify the (a) sample and (b) population. Also, determine whether the sample is likely to be representative of the population: Some people responded to this request: “Dial 1-900-PRO-Life to participate in a telephone poll on abortion. ($1.95 per minute. Average call 2 minutes. You must be 18 years old.)”
Sample: The people who responded. Population: The population presumably consisted of all adults at least 18 years of age. The sample is not likely to be representative of the population because those with strong opinions about abortion are more likely to respond.