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WARM WELCOME

Tamil Nadu Agriculture Department

SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN TAMIL NADUS. Santhanagopalakrishnan

Joint Director of Agriculture , Department of AgricultureGovernment of Tamil Nadu

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Over view of Tamil Nadu 11 th largest State

6% of National population

4% Land area

3% of water resources

surface water potential - 853 TMC

Water potential Tapped

Almost entire surface water potential

86 % of Ground water potential tapped

ground water recharge potential - 790 TMC

dry sub-humid to semi arid tropical climate

uni-model rainfall pattern- mainly NEM

• ( For Agricultural activity)

maximum threats during the NEM

-tropical cyclones &

associated storm surges

64% of the total area - drought prone

Deficient Monsoon

-occurs once in every 3 years

worst monsoon deficiency - tend to

spread over for 2 -3 years

Second most water starved state

Average land holding is 0.80 ha

92% of the farmers - small and

marginal

Extensive coastline

2

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AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES IN TAMIL NADU

S. No

Zone Districts

1. North EasternKanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Cuddalore,

Villupuram, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai

2. North WesternDharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Salem,

Namakkal(part)

3. Western

Erode, Coimbatore, Tirupur, Theni, Karur

(part), Namakkal (part), Dindigul,Perambalur

and Ariyalur (part)

4.Cauvery Delta

Zone (CDZ)

Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur,

Tiruchirapalli, and parts of Karur, Ariyalur,

Pudukottai and Cuddalore

5. Southern

Madurai, Pudukottai, Sivagangai,

Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli

and Thoothukudi

6. High Rainfall Kanyakumari

7.Hilly and High

AltitudeNilgiris, Dindigul (Kodaikanal)

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AGRICULTURE SCENARIO Geographical area - 13.033 M.ha. {328.7 M ha.}

Gross area sown - 5.897 M.ha.(45%) {192.2 M.ha.- 58.5%}

Net area sown - 4.714 M.ha.(36%){140.02 M.ha.- 42.6%}

Gross Area Irrigated - 3.311 M.ha (56%) {86.42 M.ha.- 45%}

Net Area Irrigated - 2.679 M.ha (57%) {63.26 M.ha.- 45%}

Rainfed - 2.586 M. ha (44%) {76.76 M.ha.-55%}

• Average Rainfall - 921 mm – {National -1200mm}

• No. of land holdings - 8.118 Million {National -137.7 Million}

Average size of holding- 0.80 Ha. {National -1.15 ha.}

SF/MF - 92% (operating 61% area) {85% operating 44.3%}

Other Farmers- 8% (operating 39%area) {15% operating 55.7%}

Food Grain Prodn. (2013-14) – 11.00 MMT {257.44 MMT}

LAND USE PATTERN

Forest-16.3%

Barren & Unculturable land, 3.7%

Land put to non-agrl

use, 16.8%

Culturable waste, 2.5%

Permanent Pastures,

0.8%Misc. tree

crops, 1.9%

Current Fallow,

8.6%

Other fallows,

13.2%

Net cropped Area, 36.2%

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RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION & SOURCES OF IRRIGATION

31.3 (3%)

127.9(14%)

321.3 (35%)

440.4 (48%)

Normal Rainfall (mm)

Winter (Jan - Feb)

Summer (Mar - May)

South West Monsoon (June - Sep)

North East Monsoon (Oct - Dec)

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

CanalTanks Borewells

OpenwellsOthers

24.4

14.117.3

44.0

0.2

Area in %SOURCES OF IRRIGATION

Net Area irrigated : 2.679 M. Ha. (57%)

Net Area sown : 4.714 M.Ha.

Season

2014 2015 ( Up to 07.10.2015)

Normal

Rainfall

Actual

Rainfall

Deviati

on (%)

Normal

Rainfall

Actual

Rainfall

Deviati

on (%)

Winter

(Jan-Feb)31.30 13.80 (-) 56 31.30 10.90 (-)65

Summer

(Mar-May)128.00 157.20 (+) 23 128.00 241.30 (+)89

South West

Monsoon

(June-Sep)321.20 305.50 (-) 5 321.30 286.50 (-)11

North East

Monsoon

(Oct-Dec)440.40 430.30 (-) 2 35.40 49.20

(+)39

Total 920.90 906.80 (-) 2

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CROPPING PATTERN

Crop Season

Normal

Area

(M.Ha)

Paddy

AG

RIC

UL

TU

RE

CR

OP

S

Kar / Kuruvai / Sornavari (Apr –July)

1.775Samba/ Thaladi/Pishanam (Aug – Oct)

Navarai / Kodai (Nov – Feb)

Millets Jowar, Cumbu, Ragi, Maize & Minor Millets

Kharif

(Apr – Sep)

Rabi

(Oct- Mar)

0.699

PulsesRedgram, Blackgram, Greengram, Horsegram, Bengal

gram, Cowpea & Other Pulses 0.634

OilseedsGroundnut, Gingelly, Sunflower, Castor,Coconut and

Oilpalm0.438

Cotton 0.129

Sugarcane 0.324

Coconut 4.428(78%) 0.429

Vegetables

HO

RT

ICU

LT

U

RE

CR

OP

S 0.235

Fruits 0.400

Spices and Condiments 0.156

Other non-Food Crops 1.222(22%) 0.431

Total crop area 5.650

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GOAL Increasing the productivity by bridging the present yield gap to bring Second Green

Revolution-Aiming 17 million MT of food grain production by 12th FYP end

Diversifying the cultivation in favour of high value horticulture and commercial crops

while ensuring the food and nutritional security.

Promoting hi-tech agriculture, supplying quality inputs in time through SPV created

and promoting farmers participation in agri-business ventures.

Strengthening research and extension service through ICT enabled extension and

Inter-linking FCMS with AMI&BPC for market led agriculture to realize better

income by all 8.1 million farm families in Tamil Nadu

Bringing 2 million ha. of fallow lands under agriculture and horticulture

Improving the economic status of the farmers by increasing the productivity and

income by extending IFS on whole district saturation approach

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TAMIL NADU POSITION AT ALL INDIA LEVEL

CropAll India Average

Yield (Kg/ha)National level (Kg/ha)

Rice 2424 3rd (3100)

Maize 2583 1st (5450)

Total Pulses 764 14th (500)

Total Oilseeds 1153 1st (2382)

Groundnut 1750 1st (2813)

Sunflower 791 3rd (1506)

Sugarcane (MT) 70 2nd (97)

Cotton 532 4th(612 )

Source: 4th Advance Estimates of 2013-14 - Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI

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APPROACHES TO MAKE SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION, A REALITY

Individual

farm

holding

AMI & BPC

Cold Storage and ripening

chambers

Pack house

Agri-business centres

Terminal markets

SEZ

Publicity & Propaganda

Village campaigns

Demonstrations

Farmers Integrated Hand

Book

Farmers Guide booklet

Farmers Mass Contact

Programme

FCMS

ICT tools

Instant e-Advisory

Exposure visit

Farmers Hub

Mass Media – Community

Radio Stations

Extension Support

Special schemes

SRI,SPI- Whole Village concept,

Redgram transplantation

PF, SSI, Micro Irrigation

Quality inputs

Increasing cropping intensity

Bringing fallow lands to cultivation

Dry land farming

Organic farming

Seed villages

Integrated Farming System (IFS)

Protected cultivation

Peri-metro vegetable production

Diversification to High value crops

Farm implements for hiring / 50 %

subsidy

Production Support

Market & Infra structure

Covering 8.118 million

farm holdings

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S. No. Year Area(M.Ha.) Prodn.(M.MT)

1. 2006-2007 3.166 8.264

2. 2007-2008 3.097 6.582

3. 2008-2009 3.192 7.101

4. 2009-2010 3.034 7.505

5. 2010-2011 3.174 7.594

6. 2011-2012* 3.209 10.152

7. 2012-2013 2.648 5.605

8. 2013-2014 ** 3.475 11.002

9. 2014-2015 (4th Advance Estimate) 3.741 12.796

102015-16 – Programme

4.400 14.700

(*) Krishi Karman Award for Highest Food Grain Production in the country

(**) Krishi Karman Award for Highest Pulses Production in the country

Year wise Area & Production

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Area , Production & Productivity – 2014-15

Crop Area

(M.Ha.)

Production (M.MT) Productivity

(kg/Ha)

Target IV Adv

Est

Target IV Adv

Est

Target IV Adv

Est

Rice 2.100 1.830 9.20 7.91 4381 4325

Millets 1.200 0.971 4.50 4.16 3750 4289

Pulses 1.100 0.940 0.80 0.72 727 769

Total food grains 4.400 3.741 14.50 12.79

Oilseeds 0.660 0.419 1.50 0.97 2273 2322

Cotton (M . Bales) 0.170 0.187 0.67 0.63 670 570

Sugarcane (MT) 0.360 0.263 40.0 24.46 111 93

Total 5.590 4.610

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Weather proofing

• “Weather proofing in agriculture refers to thestrategies

for increasing the capacity of the farmersto maintain the net area sown and

sustaining the crops productivity evenunder extreme weather situationsincluding drought, flood, cyclone, etc.”

Ensurining 4.2 million hectares of land

under food grain in Tamil Nadu

Sustaining minimum 12.5 million tons

of food grain production in any of the

years

Actionable point

• Providing knowledge on

full range of crops to be planted,

inputs to be used and practices to befollowed,

contingent plans for expectedweather condition,

Providing weather advisories for theemerging weather situation and

Prepare the farmers to executemanagement decisions at short notice

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Particulars El-Nino La-Nina Normal All years

Mean Rainfall 268.9 344.8 313.1 308.3

% deviation in Rainfall -12.8 11.8 1.6 0

% of years with 0 to + 10% deviation 17.24 10.52 15.05 14.89

% of years with 0 to - 10% deviation 17.24 26.31 19.35 19.85

% of years with <-10% deviation 55.17 15.78 32.25 34.75

% of years with > +10% deviation 10.34 47.36 33.3 30.49

Performance of SWM rainfall during El-Nino and La-Nina years

-70-60-50-40-30-20-10

0102030405060708090

1871

1873

1875

1877

1879

1881

1883

1885

1887

1889

1891

1893

1895

1897

1899

1901

1903

1905

1907

1909

1911

1913

1915

1917

1919

1921

1923

1925

1927

1929

1931

1933

1935

1937

1939

1941

1943

1945

1947

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

% r

ain

fall d

ev

iati

on

Southwest Monsoon rainfall anomaly in Tamil Nadu (1871 – 2011)

Climate Trend based on long period data

Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013

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Impact of El-Nino on Southwest Monsoon Rainfall in Tamil

nadu

• El-Nino is one among the 8 most important parameters used for predicting SWM rainfall• There were 29 El-Nino years within 1871 – 2011• Out of that 16 years had deficit rainfall (55 %) , 8 years had normal rainfall (28 %)and 3 years had excess rainfall (1%)• El-Nino years had shortened length of growing period during the SWM season• There may be delay in onset of SW monsoon • Uneven distribution of rainfall is also expected• There is a possibility of reduced inflow to the dams • There is also possibility for terminal season drought

• Tamil nadu gets only 34.3 % of its annual rainfall from SWM

• SWM effectively covers only five districts, Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem, Kanyakumari and Nilgiris

• Rest of the districts are mainly benefited from NEM.

Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013

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Performance of NEM rainfall during El-Nino and La-Nina yearsParticulars El-Nino La-Nina Normal All years

MeanRainfall (NEM) 489.0 361.1 469.3 458.8

% deviation in Rainfall 6.592 -21.290 2.286 0.000

% of years with 0 to + 10% deviation 13.79 10.5 15.05 14.18

% of years with 0 to - 10% deviation 6.89 26.3 7.53 9.93

% of years with <-10% deviation 31.03 63.2 37.63 39.72

% of years with > +10% deviation 48.28 0.0 39.78 36.17

-70-60-50-40-30-20-10

0102030405060708090

1871

1873

1875

1877

1879

1881

1883

1885

1887

1889

1891

1893

1895

1897

1899

1901

1903

1905

1907

1909

1911

1913

1915

1917

1919

1921

1923

1925

1927

1929

1931

1933

1935

1937

1939

1941

1943

1945

1947

1949

1951

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

% r

ain

fall d

ev

iati

on

North East Monsoon rainfall anomaly in Tamil Nadu (1871-2011)

Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013

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Impact of El-Nino on North East Monsoon Rainfall in Tamil NaduRainfall anomaly during NEMfor El Nino years

Productivity of rice crop(Kgha-1 )as influenced by ENSO in Cauvery basin in NEM season

• There were 29 El-Nino years within 1871 – 2011• Out of that, 20 years had normal / excess rainfall

(70 %) and 9 years had deficit rainfall (30 %)• El-Nino years had extended length of growing

period in the NEM season• Highest rice productivity was observed during El-

Nino years

Source: Geethalakshmi et al, 2013

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Maintenance of meteorological observational network for collection of data on real

time basis and ensure information flow

Integrating the data flow from all the weather stations with different departments

Creation of weather information databank with past and real time weather data,

historical drought / flood / cyclonic events, their location specific impacts and

designing future action plans for mitigation

Creation of facilities and building the human capacity for improving the accuracy of

weather prediction / early warning

Formation of technical working group involving scientists from relevant Departments

and other stakeholders for weather monitoring and forecasting

Strategy A: Weather monitoring and prediction

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Analysis of climate risks

Identification of management options based on

local conditions

Development of advisories based on crop,

historical climate data, current season weather

conditions and seasonal climate forecast

Communication nodal point for facilitating

dissemination of information to the farmers for

initiating mitigation actions

Strategy B : Climate risk assessment at district level

Assessment of existing agricultural information and knowledge flow at district level

Major Activities• preparing inventory of the

existing agricultural information flow by the institutions.

• identify the needs of the different stakeholders

• develop options to overcome the challenges

• identify technology intervention needed and

• interlink them for sharing agricultural knowledge and emerging weather information with stakeholders.

Establishment of a consortium to operate the WAN

-Major Activities

- identify partners-

Departments/

institutions -

(knowledge generators,

content developers and

information

disseminators) for WAN

at district level

Developing adaption tool suited tosustain the crop productivity amidstchanging climate at district levelMajor Activitiesidentify climate resilient technologies for

major crops using crop simulationmodels

Documentation of indigenousadaptation and mitigation optionspracticed by the community to managethe weather extremes and assessing itssignificance

Documentation of climate resilienttechnologies from other major projectsand testing its validity for application inthe location

develop a location specific adaptation &mitigation tool for ensuring foodsecurity to cope with changing climaticconditions

INTERVENTION 1 INTERVENTION 2 INTERVENTION 3Strategy C: Establishment of Weather Advisory Network (WAN) for information sharing

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Strategy D:

Evolving location specific cropping pattern in harmony with

weather, crop water demand and supply

• District / Block wise contingency plans for

major crops

for three different situations

• Normal rainfall year

• Excess rainfall year

• Deficit rainfall year

• Multi disciplinary action

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FARM CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• Increasing the farmers income by Micro level farm

based planning

• Providing integrated services at the door steps for• On-farm technical assistance

• Crop advisories,

• Information on input availability,

• Credit and other essential farm requirements

• Market linkages

IT Gadgets used in FCMS

– 2319 Tablet PCs to the field staff to collect field data

– 125 All-in-one Touch Screen Kiosks for virtual

extension at Block level (6 pilot districts)

– 174 Pico Mini Projectors for technology dissemination

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• FARM CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FCMS)

Milestones in FCMS

• 72 lakh farmers baseline information

collected

• 67.45 lakh individual soil samples

analysed and results declared

• Individual farm-wise crop Plan

developed for 6 pilot districts

• FIHB distributed to 67.45 lakh farmers

• Agro voice advisories delivered

• Customised and location specific text

SMS on technology scheme, weather

forecast and market trend given to

farmers – Pushed by Block Level

Extension Functionaries -

Stands Secondat all India Level

Text SMS

VOICE ADVISORYVoice Advisory

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THANKS