Knowledge Management During Pretrial Patent Litigation : Secrets of the Super Searchers
Searching the internet - what patent searchers should know
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Transcript of Searching the internet - what patent searchers should know
searching the internet what patent searchers should know
Eric Sieverts
WON, 11-12-2012
UB Utrecht HvA-MIC GO Opleidingen
agenda
• searching the web• the volatile google landscape• searchtools and functionality• google options• beyond google • beyond general web search
agenda
generalweb
search
specificmaterialsearch
importance of specificmaterialtypes?
the generalweb?=?
everything
how to … how to …
when& why
an ever changing google landscapean ever changing google landscape
• unreliable numbers • irreproducible results• disappearing functions• changing interfaces
"coping" with numbers of results
• expectation how combination of terms effects the number of results, are generally met in structured databases, but:
• with Google (and other web search) numbers are not stable, irreproducible, unreliable, with inexplicable effects– refining by adding AND-relation gives larger number, – expanding by adding OR-relation gives smaller number,– numbers are only quick extrapolation from part of search index,– depends on distribution of the index over servers,– depends on Google version, browser, whether logged in, history, ...– depends on Bing geographic setting
• Danny Sullivan explains why Google can not calculate: http://searchengineland.com/why-google-cant-count-results-properly-53559
Why Google Can’t Count Results Properly
Google as a vanishing engine
some services and options disappear completely– timeline, wonder wheel, toolbar, ...– + operator– real time results, code search – google buzz, google wave, ...
others are only hidden– links for advanced search and for settings hidden under “cog wheel”
(sometimes dependent on browser)– Scholar and Directory no longer mentioned in drop down menus– backlink search no longer in advanced search– search for "similar" pages & "cache"-link are hidden in "invisible"
pop-up page preview – …
like faceted search in for instance Scopus
refinements and additional functionslike in modern "web scale discovery" systems
but meanwhile
this is already
an "old" interface !
google.nl [until 2 weeks ago]
from clear left column facets & refinementsto blurry top menus (for mobile users?)
google.com
all options by material type, in old interface
search terms: Google is thinking for us
Google tries to improve and to broaden your queries• automatic spelling corrections (veilgheid >> veiligheid)• search for words with same word stem (singular/plural, verb,
conjugation, inflection, …)• expands acronyms (jfk >> john f kennedy | wwii >> world war II)• adds synonyms (vaccination >> immunization)• transforms separate words to compound term & vice versa (veiligheid
maatregel >> veiligheidsmaatregel | catfood >> cat food)• may leave out term as optional if not differentiating enough
more often and elaborate in English than in Dutch
• personalises search, based on previous search behaviour
and if you don't like all of this ........
never sure what/when or not
>> "verbatim"
new option introduced early 2012verbatim
on google.nl: "woord voor woord"
recentlymoved totop menu
standard semantic codingallowed Google to make arecipe search engine"embedded metadata"
standardisation of property descriptions in HTML
of recipe pages, with"microformats"/"rich snippets markup"
Google's "Knowledge Graph"knows 500 million objects with 3,5 billion properties(but only in English)
dates
??
no:
publication dates
• limitation while searching google– before search: only "past day/week/month/year"– after search: also limitation on custom range "from .. to .."
search tools:
publication dates
• limitation while searching google– before search: only "past day/week/month/year"– after search: also limitation on custom range "from .. to .."
• how reliable are google's dates? NOT• how else to determine date?
– look at page text (especially top and bottom or blogging date)– look in page source (HTML) for metadata– try entering javascript in browser URL bar
but does NOT work for CMS generated pages– try to find recent time stamped version in Web Archive
(waybackmachine)
javascript:alert(document.lastModified)
previous (disappeared) versions of pages
• recently disappeared: try search engine cache not just google! :
Bing
Yahoo
Exalead
previous (disappeared) versions of pages
• older versions: try web archive (waybackmachine)
• links within same site are mostly working
• if particular page has not been crawled, you get overview which other pages on the website have been crawled
reliability - general
general website assessment criteria• professional lay-out• indication of author/organisation (“about us”)• data about organisation: address, telephone, map/driving directions• indication of targeted audience• not too many advertisements and pop-ups (although every site has them)• clear navigation• internal search option• speed of web server• backlinks from well known organisations **• up to date-ness (with date given)• language use • interpret the URL/domain-name (eg: edu, edu.au, edu.sg, edu.ng, edu.lb, ac.uk,
gov, gov.uk, gov.hk, gov.au, gov.on.ca, gob.es, gob.mx, gob.ve, gob.ec, ...)
reliability - organisation
Information about organisation:• Google pagerank (backlinks)
use for instance: http://www.prchecker.info/http://www.checkpagerank.net/
• Alexa rank (web traffic)see for instance: http://www.alexa.com/
http://www.seomastering.com/alexa-rank-checker.php
• domain owner:use for instance: http://centralops.net/co/DomainDossier.aspx
http://whois.domaintools.com/
• search for "backlinks"
reliability - backlinks
search backlinks to particular web-page/-site • Google: link:http://www.domain.zz/folder/file.html
very incomplete result• Yahoo site explorer: died last year• DuckDuckGo: link:http://www.domain.zz/folder/file.html
no total number of results displayed• OpenSiteExplorer: linking pages + linking domains
very complete; also domain & page authoritypaid subscription for more than 3 queries a day
• Exalead: link:http://www.domain.zz/no backlinks to specific page, but to whole site
some more "how to" (google)
• domain search: site:edu OR site:edu.* [for all edu (sub)domains]
• url search: inurl:novelty
• title search: intitle:catalytic
• filetype search: filetype:pdffiletype:xls OR filetype:xlsxfiletype:doc OR filetype:docxfiletype:rss
• exact search: "greenhouses" [or VERBATIM for all words]
more than shown inadvanced search
drop-down
web search engines to try besides google• Bing (microsoft, large)• Yahoo! (content=Bing, large)• Exalead (french, many advanced functions, primarily demo system)• Blekko (uses hashtags to search more [domain-] selective
also many predefined hashtags; e.g. /likes for Facebook)• DuckDuckGo (assures privacy, no personalisation, no filter-bubble,
!Bang-function offers many extras, rather small)• Gigablast ("green" search engine, rather small, a few unique functions)• Millionshort (leaves out results from most popular sites the long tail)• Wolfram|Alpha (knowledge engine, facts, calculations)together, these others have 30% market share in US; in NL only 3%• Yandex (in Russia more popular than Google)• Baidu (in China more popular than Google)• Naver, Daum(in South Korea more popular than Google)• Seznam (in Czechia more popular than Google)
material type specific search
blogs google blogs, icerocket, technorati[rss] CTRLQ, RSS SearchHub
video google video, youtube, youtube edu channel, bing video, blinkx, voxalead-news
images google image, yahoo image, bing image, flickr,tineye (ip-check), panoramio (geo-search)
science google scholar, microsoft academic, scirus,oaister, scientific commons, science.gov
nieuws google news, yahoo news, bing news, cnn, bbc,historische kranten KB, historic american newspapers (LOC)
tweets twitter search, topsy, tweetzi, tweetscan, postpost, snapbird
social socialsearcher, socialmention, samepoint, whostalkin, kurrently
forums google groups, omgili, boardtracker
41
tweets & social search
• Twitter in 140 characters – often with shortened links– often with photo- or video-link – often with hashtags (#agreeduponkeyword)
search (often limited to last 1 - 2 weeks, and .... to those 140 characters)– twitter (also advanced search)– topsy, tweetzi, …– postpost (your own timeline - i.e. everything you're following)– snapbird (all tweets by 1 person - enter his/her twittername)– tweetscan (on limited scale also older messages)– twicsy (photo's on twitter) – ...
overview/review of tools: All the easiest ways to search old tweets
49
tweets en social search
• “Real time / social search engines”– socialsearcher, socialmention, samepoint, whostalkin, kurrently,
… (tweets + blogs + facebook + …)
– Google personal results / Google+ ("search plus your world") – real-time pictures: skylines
• Forum discussions– omgili, boardtracker, ...– Google groups (also old newsgroup discussions)
for research methods:– advice from Henk van Ess (dutch): "de digitale detective" (2012)– How to: use social media in newsgathering (2012)– 100+ Social Media Monitoring Tools (2010)