Search and Rescue Operations
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Transcript of Search and Rescue Operations
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Search and Rescue Operations
USC CERT
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Unit Objectives
• Identify sizeup requirements
• Describe most common search techniques
• Use safe techniques for debris removal
• Use safe techniques for victim extrication
• Describe ways to protect rescuers
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Search and Rescue
In a disaster, CERT teams assist with light search & rescueA team may be assigned to search
a particular building or area
LIGHT search & rescue = certHeavy rescue (collapsed building)
done by USAR professionals
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People trapped after a disaster can survive hours or even days
The more quickly they are rescued the better their chance of survival
Search and Rescue Operations
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Search and Rescue Operations
1. Search Assess damage/size-up situation Locate victims. Document location.
2. Rescue Extricate victims Triage/stabilize Move victims Mark location as searched
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Goals Of Search And Rescue
• Rescue greatest number in shortest amount of time
• Rescue walking wounded and lightly trapped victims first
• Always protect rescuer safety
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Decision To Attempt Rescue
Risk involved to the rescuerMost important
person is YOU, the rescuer!
Greatest good for greatest number of people
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Sizeup1. Gather Facts2. Assess Damage3. Consider Probabilities4. Assess Your Situation5. Establish Priorities6. Make Decisions7. Develop Plan of Action8. Take Action9. Evaluate Progress
REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A
CONTINUAL PROCESS
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Gather facts
Time of event and day of the week
Construction type/terrain
OccupancyWeatherHazards
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Assess Damage
• Three levels of damage• Light damage• Moderate damage• Major damage
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LIGHT DAMAG
EYES
MODERATE
DAMAGE
Cautiously
HEAVY DAMAG
ENO
When to Search & Rescue:
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LIGHT DAMAGESuperficial damageBroken windowsFallen or cracked plasterMinor damage to interior
contentsFew small hairline cracks
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The CERT mission is to locate; triage; treat airway, major bleeding, and shock; continue sizeup; and document.
LIGHT DAMAGE
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MODERATE DAMAGE Substantial damage in many
areasMultiple visible cracks in wallsSubstantial damage to interior
such asmany toppled furnishings, fallen ceilings
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The CERT mission is to locate; treat airway, major bleeding, and shock; evacuate; warn others; continue sizeup while minimizing the number of rescuers and time spent inside the structure.
MODERATE DAMAGE
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MAJOR DAMAGEMajor cracks more than 1/8” in
loadbearing wallsMajor damage to loadbearing
columns or beamsLarge X-shaped cracks in the building
exteriorBuilding leaningPartial collapse
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MAJOR DAMAGE
Secure the building perimeterVocal triageDO NOT enter the building
Wait for heavy rescue teams
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Wood Frame: light damage to masonry/chimneys
Pre-1940: House may slide off foundation
Hillside: ground failure and considerable damage
Single-Family Dwellings
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Bricks on edge every 5-7 rows
Expect Heavy Damage unless well reinforced
Walls collapse first, then the roof
Pre-1933 Unreinforced Brick/Masonry:
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Expect Heavy Damage Lightweight roof construction makes them
subject to collapse
Tilt-Up Structures:
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Usually Light or Moderate Damage
Structures are reinforced
Main damage will be broken glass content
movement exterior
trim/facades
Steel Frame High-Rise Buildings:
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Search Operations
Make rescuer safety your primary concern.
Use a buddy system.Be alert for hazards.Use safety equipment.Rotate teams.Rehab rescuers
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• Identify VOIDS where victims may be
• Interview survivors• Estimate victim locations
Locating Victims
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Conducting Search Operations
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Pancake Voids
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Conducting Search Operations
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Lean-To Voids
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“V” Voids
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“V” Voids
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Individual Voids
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Search Systematically
Call out to victims1
2
3
4
5
6
Use systematic search patternStop frequently to listenTriangulate
Mark searched areas/documentReport results
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Call Out to Victims1
“Anyone that can hear me, come to the sound of my voice!”
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Use Systematic Search Pattern
2
• Bottom Up/Top Down (multi-story buildings)
• Right Wall/Left Wall
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Listen Carefully3
• Stop periodically to listen for taps, movement or voices
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Triangulate4
• Use flashlights to point towards victim sounds
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Use the Buddy System5
• One person stays outside• Minimum of two enters building
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Search Markings
• Upon entering search area:• Make a slash• Enter info
Upon leaving search area: Complete
‘X’ Enter info
CERTI.D.
Date Time In
Time Out
Areas Searched
Victims
6
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5-43
CERT-23FL 1-2 searched
Stairs to FL-3 unsafe
2/15/08In: 1430
Out: 1515
2LMoved to
CERT-23 medops
Example:
Search Markings6
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Structural Markings
7
Boxing the “X” in means don’t
re-enter.Gold Team
TIME IN: 1430 hrs
GAS OFF
MISC
TIME OUT: 1520 hrs
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Document Results7
Keep complete records both of removed victims and of victims who remain trapped or dead.
If you don’t document it It didn’t get
done!
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REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A CONTINUAL
PROCESS
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Rescue OperationsPrimary Functions:
Creating a safe rescue environmentLift objects out of the wayUse tools to remove objectsRemove debris
Triaging or stabilizing victimsRemoving victims
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Creating A Safe Environment• Maintain rescuer safety
• Triage in lightly damaged buildings
• Stabilize and evacuate victims quickly from moderately damaged buildings
Note: Never attempt a rescue from a stuck elevator
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Removing Victims
Types of victim removal include ...• Self-removal or assist
• Lifts and drags
Allow victims to extricatethemselves when possible.
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Extrication MethodDepends upon ...
• General stability of immediate environment
• Number of rescuers available
• Strength and ability of rescuers
• Condition of victim
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Lifting/Cribbing
“Lifting” using a lever to lift an object.
“Cribbing” using boards, blocks etc. to stabilize something we have lifted
“Box Cribbing” arranging boards in a box configuration to stabilize heavy objects
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Medical Care or VictimRemoval Person
Crib Person
Lever Person
Group Leader
Crib Person
WallCollapse
Lifting/Cribbing
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Lifting/Cribbing
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Moving Victims
Avoid strength movesThink rescuer and victim safetyVisualize and verbalize
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Patient Carries
Assist a lightly injured person to walk
REMEMBER: Let the walking
wounded walk!
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Patient Carries
Use a blanket to drag a victim
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Use the Chair Carry to move patients through tight areas
Patient Carries
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Two Person Carry
This helps the rescuers maintain good control over the patient
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Using the Evacu-Trac ChairThe Evacu-Trac brake is normally on. To descend the stairs, release the brake by slowly squeezing the brake lever. Descent speed can be slowed by reducing pressure on this lever. A governor limits the maximum descent speed to about 3' per second, allowing even a small attendant to safely transport heavier riders.
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Using the Evacu-Trac Chair
On stairs, the tracks securely grip the stair noses and control the descent speed regardless of the stair covering. On flat surfaces, Evacu-Trac can be pushed on its wheels as easily as a stroller. This features allows the user to be transported to an area clear of the emergency rather than to an area of refuge.
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