Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High...
Transcript of Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High...
![Page 1: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Arctic Change Quebec CityArctic Change Quebec City 11 Dec 200811 Dec 2008
Seafloor Mapping in the Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: High Arctic:
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAACenter for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA--UNH Joint Hydrographic Center University of UNH Joint Hydrographic Center University of
New Hampshire, USANew Hampshire, USA
The Challenges and the JoysThe Challenges and the JoysLarry MayerLarry Mayer
Martin Martin JakobssonJakobssonDept of Geology and Dept of Geology and GeochemsitryGeochemsitry
Stockholm UniversityStockholm University
![Page 2: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A geospatial context for our studies of Arctic change
Nansen 19071893-1896
8 soundings….
![Page 3: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fletcher’s Ice Island (TFletcher’s Ice Island (T--3)3)
Positioning
1962 1962 -- 19741974LOREX LOREX -- 19791979
Hydro-Hole
Echo sounder
![Page 4: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Airborne Measurements and Point Soundings
Gravity Measurement
MagnetometerDepth Sounding
![Page 5: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CHS & GEBCO (1967,1968,1979)
![Page 6: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Data from Nuclear SubmarinesData from Nuclear Submarines
Sounding tracks of US Navy submarines from 1983 to 1988 Sounding tracks of US Navy submarines from 1983 to 1988 (from Bob Anderson via NGDC).(from Bob Anderson via NGDC).
![Page 7: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/SCICEX/
SCICEX (1993-1997)
http://www.oceandata.com/images/11hrsbp.jpg
![Page 8: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IBCAO 1999
![Page 9: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IBCAO 1999
![Page 10: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
UNCLOS
The Drivers
Climate Change
![Page 11: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
United Nations Convention United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Law of the Sea
Article 76Article 76Six hundred and seventeen words that redefine the “continental shelf” of a coastal state and provide a mechanism for the state to extend its sovereign rights over the resources of the “seabed and subsoil” of the continental shelf
![Page 12: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
UNCLOS Article 76UNCLOS Article 76
•• A coastal state is entitled to sovereign rights over the resources of the seabed and subsoil of "submerged extensions of the continental margin" beyond their 200 nm Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) if….
•• Demonstrate a “natural prolongation” of the coastal state’s territorial landmass
typically broad continental shelf and/or
thick sedimentary wedge
The ProcessThe Process
• All coastal states are entitled to a 200 nm EEZ
![Page 13: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Data RequiredData Required
•• Once the natural prolongation is established the extended continental shelf beyond the 200 nm EEZ is determined by a set of formulae and limit lines defined from the:
• depth and shape of the seafloor
• the thickness of the underlying sediments
• distances from the territorial sea baselines
(FOS and 2500m contour)(FOS and 2500m contour)
(1% line)(1% line)
(350 nm line)(350 nm line)
Need to map the seafloor
![Page 14: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
UNH CCOMUNH CCOM--JHC U.S. LawJHC U.S. Law--ofof--thethe--Sea Bathymetric Sea Bathymetric Mapping to DateMapping to Date
Mayer et al. 2002 U.S. Law-of-the-Sea Desktop Study
Marianas2006
20082008
Kingman Reef-Palmyra Atoll
soon
soon
…..Arctic2003
Bering Sea2003
…Atlantic20042004
Gulf of Mexico2007
2007
2007Gulf of Alaska
2005
2005
![Page 15: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Arctic is unique as an ocean basin in that >52% is made up of shelf (geologic)
![Page 16: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SemiSemi--enclosed basin with five enclosed basin with five nations having potential extended nations having potential extended
shelvesshelves
From Ron McNab
![Page 17: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
From Durham University
Session T12
Law and Politics of Canadian
Jurisdiction on the Arctic Ocean
Seabed
![Page 18: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Single Beam Echo SounderSingle Beam Echo Sounder
![Page 19: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
MultibeamMultibeamEcho SounderEcho Sounder
![Page 20: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A new perspective A new perspective new insightsnew insights
![Page 22: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Arctic - Chukchi Plateau mappingUSCGC Healy
Larry
Seabeam 2112 - 12 kHz, 121-2˚ receive beamsbathymetry & acoustic backscatterKnudsen 320BR 3.5-kHz chirp profiler
UNH: bathymetry, backscatter & 3.5-kHz processing at sea
Andy
![Page 23: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Chukchi plateau
Barrow margin
2003 & 20042007 & 2008
![Page 24: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
operations…………….……... 65 daystransits……………………..… 24 daysaverage speed (in ice)……...4 ktsaverage sea-ice state………..…9/10tracklines………………… ~24,300 km Area mapped…….…. ~135,000 km2
Arctic Mapping 2003,2004,2007,2008
cruise statistics
![Page 25: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Healy 03Healy 03--0202
~3000 km of ~3000 km of multibeammultibeam
sonar sonar bathymetrybathymetry
11--11 Sept 0311 Sept 03
8/10 ice8/10 ice
![Page 26: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
typical ice conditions2003
8/10 “cheesy” ice
![Page 27: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Redefinition of the 2500 m contour
![Page 28: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3100 m high, summit at 900 m water depth
Healy SeamountHealy Seamountlooking S, looking S, veve=6x=6x
45 km long x 15 km wide
water depth (m)
![Page 29: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Healy Seamount SurveyHealy Seamount Survey
![Page 30: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Radarsat ice coverage for 10 October 2004. Image processed at either ASF, Qinetic or CDPF. © CSA2004
2004
Chukchi plateau
![Page 31: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Grönland
How do we map in this?
![Page 32: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
HEALY 04-05 TRACK
6-26 Oct. 2004
6700 line km
“Ratchet Surveying”
“Pirouette Surveying”
![Page 33: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Barrow marginlooking SE, ve=10x
2500 m
ridges<300 m high,~100 km long
erosionN
mapped 2500-m isobath
![Page 34: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
HEALY 07HEALY 07--0303Depart Barrow:Depart Barrow:
17 Aug. 0717 Aug. 07Return BarrowReturn Barrow15 Sept. 0715 Sept. 07
![Page 35: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
72°N
75°N
78°N
81°N
HEALY HEALY 07030703
mapping the2500-m isobath &foot of the slope
![Page 38: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
perspective view looking SW
2007 results
HealyHealy 0303--02, 0402, 04--05, 0705, 07--0303
![Page 39: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
HEALY 0805 HEALY 0805 –– SHIPTRACK AND DREDGE SITESSHIPTRACK AND DREDGE SITES
![Page 42: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
HEALY 0806 and LOUIS St. LAURENT WORKHEALY 0806 and LOUIS St. LAURENT WORK
![Page 43: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Pt Barrow
2003, 2004 & 2007Arctic surveys
0 500 km
scours& bedforms
Barrow margin
![Page 44: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
λ = ~2 kmH = ~10 m
A
B
3 to 5 m deep
central ChukchiPlateau
A B
ice grooves
-380 m
-470 m
![Page 45: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Pt Barrow
2003, 2004 & 2007Arctic surveys
0 500 km
pockmarks
Barrow margin
![Page 46: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
central Chukchi Plateau pockmarks
VE = 10xlooking SW
200-m diameter20-m deep
![Page 47: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Lomon
osov
Ridg
e
YermakPlateau
Morris Jesup Rise
Alph
a-M
ende
leev
ChukchiBorderland
Multibeam mapping
R/V Polarstern
I/B Oden
USCGC Healy
Gakke
l Rid
ge
Mackenzie
E u
r a s
i a
n S
h e
l f
S e
a s
CCGS Amundsen
Canadian
Archipelago
![Page 48: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• Click to edit Master text styles– Second level
• Third level– Fourth level
» Fifth level
Glacial Sole Marks
5 km
Amundsen Gulf
From S. Blasco
![Page 49: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Gary Knolls Mud Volcanoes
Beaufort Sea
From S. Blasco
![Page 50: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Shelf Slump
Western EdgeEastern Edge
Beaufort Shelf
From S. Blasco
More at session T34 –Seafloor Mapping of the
Arctic Ocean - Room 207
![Page 51: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
0º 45ºE 90ºE
135º45ºW
135ºW 180ºE90ºW
IODP Leg 302
SCICEX 99
AMORE, Healy/Polarstern
LOMROG 2007
HOTRAX 2005
Polarstern
![Page 52: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Jakobsson 1999, Marine Geology
Polyak et al. 2002, Nature
Jakobsson et al. 2005, QSR
Kristoffersen & Mikkelsen 2006, Marine Geol.
Polyak et al., 2002, Nature
Morris-Jessup Rise
![Page 53: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Nansen 1907IBCAO 2008
~~6 % OF THE ARCTIC 6 % OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN HAS BEEN MAPPED OCEAN HAS BEEN MAPPED
WITH MULTIBEAMWITH MULTIBEAM
THERE IS MUCH MUCH THERE IS MUCH MUCH MORE TO DISCOVER!!!MORE TO DISCOVER!!!
![Page 54: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
www.ccom.unh.eduwww.ccom.unh.edu
![Page 56: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Bathymetric CompilationBathymetric Compilation
IBCAO (2002)IBCAO (2002)
![Page 58: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: The Challenges and ...1).pdf · Seafloor Mapping in the High Arctic: Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060211/5f04e3c37e708231d41037e6/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
??
??
??Resources of extended U.S. continental shelf Resources of extended U.S. continental shelf estimated to be worth 1.3 TRILLION $estimated to be worth 1.3 TRILLION $
MurtonMurton, B.J, Parsons, L.M., Hunter, P. and Miles, P., 2001, , B.J, Parsons, L.M., Hunter, P. and Miles, P., 2001, Global nonGlobal non--living resources on the living resources on the thethe extended continental extended continental shelf: Prospects at the year 2000, Intl. Seabed Authority shelf: Prospects at the year 2000, Intl. Seabed Authority Tech. Study No 1Tech. Study No 1