Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal...
-
Upload
montana-hoddinott -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal...
![Page 1: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sea salt aerosols: Their generation
and role in the climate system
Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal
Magdalena D. Anguelova
November 12, 1999College of Marine Studies
University of Delaware
![Page 2: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
What? Problem statement
How? ImplementationImplementation
Why? ImplicationsImplications
![Page 3: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Problem statement
Modify the currently available sea-salt generation function.
Evaluate the effect of sea-salt aerosols on the climate system.
![Page 4: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Role of the Aerosols
In climate:
In atmospheric chemistry:
Scatter sunlight; Facilitate cloud
droplet formation;
Provide site for chemical reactions.
![Page 5: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
““...... However, it generates too much big sea-salt particles However, it generates too much big sea-salt particles at high wind speeds compared to observations and is at high wind speeds compared to observations and is therefore neglected in the simulation.”therefore neglected in the simulation.”
Aerosols in Climate Models
Improves model predictions; Canadian Climate Model
(Gong, Barrie, Blanchet, 1997) Use the first sea-salt generation function
(Monahan et al., 1986)
![Page 6: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sea Spray Formation
Direct; Indirect.
Andreas et al., 1995
![Page 7: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sea Spray Sizes
r, m5001001010.1
Film drops: 0.5 to 5 m
Jet drops: 3 to 50 m
Spume drops: 20 to > 500 m
Andreas, 1998
![Page 8: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sizes Relevant to Aerosol Forcing
Long residence time.
Gravitational settling.
Heat exchangeAerosol forcing
r, m5001001010.1
![Page 9: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Modeling Sea Spray
dF/dr = dF0 /dr + dF1 /drMonahan et al., 1986
r, m5001001010.1 0.8
![Page 10: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Modeling the Indirect Mechanism
d F0 /d r = 1.373 U103.41 r -3(1 + 0.057r1.05) 101.19e -B2
B = (0.38 - log r) / 0.65Monahan et al., 1986
d F0 /d r = f (U10 , r)
Whitecap coverage W
![Page 11: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Modeling the Direct Mechanism
d F1 /d r = C1 (U10) r -1 10 m r 37.5 m
d F1 /d r = C2 (U10) r -2.8 37.5 m r 100 m
Andreas, 1998
d F1 /d r = f (U10 , r)
Coefficients Ci
![Page 12: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Goal
d F0 /d r
d F /d r = f (U10 , r)
f (U10 , T, Ts , S, f , d , C, r)
??W (U10 , T, Ts , S, f , d , C)
d F1 /d r
Ci (U10 , T, Ts , S, f , d , C) Method Method
![Page 13: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ts
The Concept e - es ef - es
W =
eTs =
CalculatedCalculatedObservedObserved
TB= es (1-W )Ts + W ef Ts
BA
![Page 14: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Procedure
Data Compute W Preparation
Brightness temperature;
Wind mask; Cloud mask; Rain mask; Available Ts;
Calculate e; Calculate es;
Calculate ef ; Calculate W.
e
es
es Salinity;
Sea surface temperature;
![Page 15: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Brightness Temperature
TB (h), K
March 27, 1998 Ascending pass SSM/I19 GHz
Grid: 0.5o 0.5o
DataData
![Page 16: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sea Surface Temperature
Ts , oC
AVHRRAVHRR
DataData
![Page 17: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Wind Mask
U10 , m s-1
U10 > 10 m s-1
PreparationPreparation
![Page 18: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cloud Mask
L , mg cm-2
L < 5 mg cm-2
PreparationPreparation
![Page 19: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Rain Mask
TB (h), K
TB (37v) - TB (37h) > 50 and
TB (19h) < T1
130 K
165 K
165 K
175 K
PreparationPreparation
![Page 20: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
All Masks on TB
TB (h), K
e
PreparationPreparation
![Page 21: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
All Masks on SST
Ts , oC
es
PreparationPreparation
![Page 22: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Available TB
TB (h), K
PreparationPreparation
![Page 23: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Emissivity of Sea Water
e (h)0.29 to 0.45
Results
![Page 24: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Specular Emissivity
es (h)0.26 to 0.28
e
Results
![Page 25: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Emissivity of Foam
ef (h)0.91 to 0.94
ees
Results
![Page 26: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Whitecap Coverage
W (h)
Results
![Page 27: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Comparison
W (h)
e - es ef - es
W =
W = 3.8410-6 U10
Conventional Method
Proposed Method
4% - 30%4% - 30%
1% - 19%1% - 19%
![Page 28: Sea salt aerosols: Their generation and role in the climate system Ph. D. Dissertation Proposal Magdalena D. Anguelova November 12, 1999 College of Marine.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013003/551c048e550346a84f8b4dda/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Questions
The Boasting Traveller, Aesop
"Deeds speak louder than
words"