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SDN 101: Software Defined Networking Course - Sameh Zaghloul/IBM - 2014
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Transcript of SDN 101: Software Defined Networking Course - Sameh Zaghloul/IBM - 2014
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SDN: Software Defined NetworkingTechnology that enables data center team to use software to efficiently control network resources
SDN 101
SAMeh ZaghloulTechnology Manager @ IBM
+2 0100 [email protected]
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SDN 101• SDN Overview• SDN Standards• NFV – Network Function Virtualization• SDN Scenarios and Use Cases• SDN Sample Research Projects• SDN Technology Survey• SDN Case Study• SDN Online Courses• SDN Lab SW Tools
1. OpenStack Framework2. OpenDayLighyt – SDN Controller3. FloodLight – SDN Controller4. Open vSwitch – Virtual Switch5. MiniNet – Virtual Network: OpenFlow Switches, SDN Controllers, and Servers/Hosts6. OMNet++ Network Simulator7. Avior – Sample FloodLight Java Application8. NOX/POX - C++/ Python OpenFlow API for building network control applications 9. Pyretic = Python + Frenetic - Enables network programmers and operators to write
modular network applications by providing powerful abstractions10. Resonance - Event-Driven Control for Software-Defined Networks (written in Pyretic)11. Trema - Full-Stack OpenFlow Framework in Ruby and C12. FlowScale - Project to divide and distribute traffic over multiple physical switch ports.13. SNAC - Open source OpenFlow controller for LANs with a graphical user interface.
• SDN ProjectNote: slides contain Hyperlinks to external resources – run in “Presentation” mode
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SDN Overview
SDN 101
4
What is Software Defined Environment?
With Software Defined Environment,infrastructure is fully programmable to rapidlydeploy workloads on optimal resources and to instantly respond to changing businessdemands
Cloud Computing IaaS/PaaS/SaaS and Software Defined Environment (SDE)
Cloud Computing IaaS/PaaS/SaaS and Software Defined Environment (SDE)
Software Defined Environment
Workloads
Web 2.0Traditional 3 - Tier
Big Data
Virtual
ComputePhysical
Virtual
NetworkPhysical
Virtual
StoragePhysical
Resource Abstraction & Optimization
Workload Definition, Orchestration, & Optimization
Open Industry APIs
Server StorageNetwork
Policies
Continuous Optimization
Solution Definition
Software Pattern
Infrastructure Pattern
Software Defined Infrastructure(SDI)
Software Defined view of IT Virtualization…• Workload aware; tops down• Server, storage and network integration (SDI)• Heterogeneous compute federation• Managing pools of systems as a single system• Using virtualization to manage IT• Managed by advanced programmed automation
Traditional view of IT Virtualization…• Hardware centric; bottoms up• Server, storage and network silos• Homogeneous compute silos• Managing large numbers of individual systems• Managing virtual resources like hardware• Managed with extensive manual process intervention
Software Defined and Managed Environment Flexible, Efficient and Software-controlled
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Analogy between Server Virtualization/Hypervisor and Network Virtualization/Controler/Hypervisor
Today: Multiple Heterogeneous PlatformsIndividual platforms managed by individual tools
SDNSDSSDC
Client actions to address needs1.Virtualize compute
• Transform bare-metal deployments to VMs• Optimize workload configurations within VMs• Consolidate workloads and define groups/teams/pools• Implement workload mobility for resource optimization and
HA2.Virtualize storage3.Virtualize networking4.Integrate management of physical and virtualized resources
Preparing for SDEVirtualize, optimize and automate within domains
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Open Networking Foundation Pursues New SDN StandardsThe members of the Open Networking Foundation will include: Broadcom, Brocade, Ciena, Cisco, Citrix, Dell, Deutsche Telekom, Ericsson, Facebook, Force10, Google, Hewlett-Packard, I.B.M., Juniper, Marvell, Microsoft, NEC, Netgear, NTT, Riverbed Technology, Verizon, VMWare and Yahoo.
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What is SDN?• Recent trends in communications
networking have made it possible to control the behavior of entire networks from a single, high-level software program.
• This trend, called software-defined networking (SDN), is reshaping the way networks are designed, managed, and secured.
• This new field of networking is still evolving for OpenFlow Switches/Controllers (NOX, FloodLight, and OpenDayLight).
• Cloud (OpenStack) and SDN (OpenFlow) integration is: “Network Connectivity as a Service – NaaS” (Quantum/Neutron)
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What is OpenStack?
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OpenStack - Cloud Computing and SDN Integration
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Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
App App App
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Current Network Closed to Innovations in the Infrastructure
Closed
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Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App App
Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
OperatingSystem
App App App
Network Operating System
App App App
“Software Defined Networking” approachto open it
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App
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
App App
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet
Forwarding Hardware
Network Operating System
1. Open interface to hardware
3. Well-defined open API2. At least one good operating system
Extensible, possibly open-source
The “Software-defined Network”
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Network Not Keeping Pace with Server Virtualization
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Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Network Operating System 1
Open interface to hardware
Virtualization or “Slicing” Layer
Network Operating System 2
Network Operating System 3
Network Operating System 4
App App App App App App App App
Many operating systems, orMany versions
Open interface to hardware
Isolated “slices”
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware
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SDN: Network Layers
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SDN in Action
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Open Data Center Interoperable Network (ODIN)
• Traditional networks are designed for North-South traffic flows (which traverse multiple network tiers (i.e. latency and degrading performance)
• ODIN promotes a flat, 2 tier network optimized for East-West traffic (layer-2) between servers.
• ODIN promotes scaling the network to thousands of physical ports at 10/40/100 GbE each, and tens of thousands of virtual machines.
• ODIN promotes software defined networking and virtualized network overlays (wire-once).
• ODIN describes equal cost multipath spine-leaf architectures.
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Network Subscription Level Network Subscription Level is the difference between:
1. The input bandwidth (north) for each layer of switching in the network (or, number of downlinks)
2. The output bandwidth (south) for each layer of switching in the network (or, number of uplinks)
Fully-subscribed North-South network: downlinks = uplinks
Oversubscribed switch: downlink > uplink
Undersubscribed: uplink > downlink
New 40GbE and 100GbE Interfaces/Ports for Switches and Servers
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Comparison Classical Networks SDN
Network topology
-Network consists of many tiers, where each layer duplicates many of the IP/Ethernet packets, this adds cumulative end-to-end latency and requires significant amounts of processing and memory- data traffic between racks of servers and storage needs to travel up and down a logical tree structure which will add latency and potentially creates congestion on inter-switch links (ISLs)-Network loops are prevented by using Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) which allows only one active path between any two switches. This means that ISL bandwidth is limited to a single logical connection, which may lead to ISL bottlenecks.
removing tiers from a traditional hierarchical data center network and collapses into a two tier network (access switches, also known as top of rack (TOR) switches, and core switches),connected devices can communicate with each other without using an intermediate router-Flatter networks also include elimination of STP. Replacing the STP protocol allows the network to support a fabric topology (tree, ring, mesh, or core/edge) while avoiding ISL bottlenecks
Scaling Up & DownDo not scale in a cost effective or performance effective manner. Scaling requires adding more tiers to the network, more physical switches, and more physical service appliances
Fabrics use multiple least cost paths for high performance and reliability, and are more elastic (scaling up or down as required)
Capex & Opex
Installation and maintenance of this physical compute model requires both high capital expense and high operating expense. The high capital expense is due to the large number of underutilized servers and multiple interconnect networks.High operational expense is driven by high maintenance and energy consumption of poorly utilized servers, high levels of manual network and systems administration
Flattening the network reduces capital expense through the elimination of dedicated storage, cluster and management adapters and their associated switches, and the elimination of traditional networking tiers. Operating expense is also reduced through management simplification by enabling a single console to manage the resulting converged fabric
Network Management
conventional data centers use several tools to manage their server, storage, network and hypervisor elements
Converging and flattening the network leads to simplified physical network management
Network Subscription Level
Network was over-provisioned most of the time. This approach provided an acceptable user experience, but it does not scale in a cost effective manner.
To be able to provide a network which is “ any-to-any” connectivity,” fairness”, and “non-blocking”, which will help in subscription levels
Virtualization environment
Conventional data centers have consisted of lightly utilized servers running a bare metal operating system or a hypervisor
with a small number of virtual machines (VMs)
High virtualized, which will leads to high availability and better performance.
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SDN: Architecture
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Comparison of different controller architectures
SDN: Software Defined NetworkingTechnology that enables data center team to use software to efficiently control network resources
Traditional switch design OpenFlow design
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Why SDN is important for Virtual Environments and VM Mobility (1/5)
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Why SDN is important for Virtual Environments and VM Mobility (2/5)
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Why SDN is important for Virtual Environments and VM Mobility (3/5)
Why SDN is important for Virtual Environments and VM Mobility (4/5)
Software Defined Network for Virtual Environments Software Defined Networking (SDN) offers a next-generation alternative to networking in the data center using network virtualization and separation of control plane and data plane techniques. Software Defined Network for Virtual Environments (SDN VE) creates a virtual network for virtual machines (VMs). This virtual network is decoupled and isolated from the physical network, much like VMs are separated from the host server hardware. This approach enables virtual networks to be created without any changes to the existing network –meaning it can be wired once. Provisioning and administration are simplified and automated, and IP and MAC addresses can be reused, permitting logical separation of networks for multi-tenancy. OpenFlow-enabled switches and a programmable network controller provide centralized control. SDN VE incorporates open source components to enable an ecosystem of network services.
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Why SDN is important for Virtual Environments and VM Mobility (5/5)
Software Defined and Managed Virtual NetworkFlexible, Efficient and Software-controlled
Traditional view of Network• Independent network switches• Network OS runs on the switch• Switches oblivious to application requirements • “one size fits all” configurations and policies• Poor utilization of available resources• Responds to changes (load, failures, …) slowly• Vendor-proprietary extensions • Clients locked into static, closed market• Switches: run full protocol suite (complex, hard to upgrade)
Software Defined view of Network Virtualization• SDN controller programs switches:• Network OS runs on server cluster• Applications reconfigure network to match requirements and
global resource conditions• High utilization of available resources• Responds to changes quickly and globally• Common SDN core, but vendors can innovate SDN controller
features and network applications
The client value• Enables multi-tier virtual system patterns with automated linkages
between compute tiers & network appliances• Allows networks to react rapidly in response to changing
workloads• Allows SDN software applications to replace hardware appliances
(e.g. firewall)• Allows cloud administrators to improve service delivery, lower
operational costs• Configure once physical fabric (less prone to human error)
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SDN Market Potential
Domains• Data centers• Public clouds• Enterprise/campus• Cellular • Enterprise WiFi• WANs• Home networks
Products• Switches, routers:
About 15 vendors• Software: 8-10
vendors and startups
New startups. Lots of hiring in networking.
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SDN Standards
SDN 101
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Control Program A Control Program B
Network OS
OpenFlow Forwarding Abstraction
PacketForwarding
PacketForwarding
PacketForwarding
FlowTable(s)
“If header = p, send to port 4”
“If header = ?, send to me”
“If header = q, overwrite header with r, add header s, and send to ports 5,6”
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ControllerCommunication in OpenFlow Network
Flow Table:Match Field Action
empty empty
Host 1MAC address
08-00-20-3A-00-4F
OpenFlow Switch
Src: 08-00-20-3A-00-4F
Dst: 08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD
21
Packet-in: unmatched frame with MAC 08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD
Packet-out: flood on all ports except ingress port
Host 2MAC address
08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD
MAC table:MAC address Ingress port
08-00-20-3A-00-4F 1
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Communication in OpenFlow Network
Flow Table:Match Field Action
Src: 08-00-2A-0B-FE-FDDst: 08-00-20-3A-00-4F
Forward on port 1
Src: 08-00-20-3A-00-4FDst: 08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD
Forward on port 2
Host 1MAC address
08-00-20-3A-00-4F
OpenFlow Switch
Controller
21
Packet-in: unmatched frame with MAC 08-00-20-3A-00-4F
Packet-out: forward on port 1
MAC table:MAC address Ingress port
08-00-20-3A-00-4F 1
08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD 2
Host 2MAC address
08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD
Match Action
Src: 08-00-2A-0B-FE-FDDst: 08-00-20-3A-00-4F
Forward on port 1
Match Action
Src: 08-00-20-3A-00-4FDst: 08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD
Forward on port 2
Src: 08-00-2A-0B-FE-FD
Dst: 08-00-20-3A-00-4F
Flow-mod messages:
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Network virtualization in Data Center
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(Option 1) Classical VLAN
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(Option 2) OpenFlow with Overlay type
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(Option 3) OpenFlow with Hop-by-Hop type
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NFV – Network Function Virtualization
SDN 101
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SDN Scenarios and Use Cases
SDN 101
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Use Case – What Location Why SDN Needed Benefits Achieved
Network Virtualization– Multi-Tenant Networks
Datacenter To dynamically create segregated topologically-equivalent networks across a datacenter, scaling beyond typical limits of VLANs today at 4K
Better utilization of datacenter resources, claimed 20-30% better use of resources. Faster turnaround times in creating segregated network, from weeks to minutes via automation APIs.
Network Virtualization – Stretched Networks
Datacenter To create location-agnostic networks, across racks or across datacenters, with VM mobility and dynamic reallocation of resources
Simplified applications that can be made more resilient without complicated coding, better use of resources as VMs are transparently moved to consolidate workloads. Improved recovery times in disasters.
Service Insertion (or Service Chaining)
Datacenter/Service Provider DMZ/WAN
To create dynamic chains of L4-7 services on a per tenant basis to accommodate self-service L4-7 service selection or policy-based L4-7 (e.g. turning on DDoS protection in response to attacks, self-service firewall, IPS services in hosting environments, DPI in mobile WAN environments)
Provisioning times reduced from weeks to minutes, improved agility and self-service allows for new revenue and service opportunities with substantially lower costs to service
Tap Aggregation Datacenter/campus access networks
Provide visibility and troubleshooting capabilities on any port in a multi-switch deployment without use of numerous expensive network packet brokers (NPB).
Dramatic savings and cost reduction, savings of $50-100K per 24 to 48 switches in the infrastructure. Less overhead in initial deployment, reducing need to run extra cables from NPBs to every switch.
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Use Case – What Location Why SDN Needed Benefits Achieved
Dynamic WAN reroute –move large amounts of trusted data bypassing expensive inspection devices
Service Provider/Enterprise Edge
Provide dynamic yet authenticated programmable access to flow-level bypass using APIs to network switches and routers
Savings of hundreds of thousands of dollars unnecessary investment in 10Gbps or 100Gbps L4-7 firewalls, load-balancers, IPS/IDS that process unnecessary traffic.
Dynamic WAN interconnects
Service Provider To create dynamic interconnects at Internet interchanges between enterprise links or between service providers using cost-effective high-performance switches.
Ability to instantly connect Reduces the operational expense in creating cross-organization interconnects, providing ability to enable self-service.
Bandwidth on Demand
Service Provider Enable programmatic controls on carrier links to request extra bandwidth when needed (e.g. DR, backups)
Reduced operational expense allowing self-service by customers and increased agility saving weeks of manual provisioning.
Virtual Edge – Residential and Business
Service Provider Access Networks
In combination with NFV initiatives, replace existing Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) at residences and businesses with lightweight versions, moving common functions and complex traffic handling into POP (points-of-presence) or SP datacenter.
Increased usable lifespan of on-premises equipment, improved troubleshooting, less truck rolls, flexibility to sell new services to business and residential customers.
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SDN Sample Research Projects
SDN 101
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Operator Network Monetization Through OpenFlow™-Enabled SDN
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OpenFlow-as-a-Service(OpenStack Quantum)
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Example SDN Use Cases
SDN Video.mp4
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SDN Technology Survey
SDN 101
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SDN and NFV Product and Services Directory
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eBay
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BigSwitch
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Cisco
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HP
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Intel
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VMWare (NSX/Nicira)
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VMWare (NSX/Nicira)
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Juniper
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Juniper
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z
IBM
Controller Platforms
Network Virtualization
OpenFlow Physical Switches
SDNDVS 5000V Controller
GA 10/2012IBM PNC(OF Ctrl)
SDN IBM SDN-VE
NFVstandards-compliantlayer-2 virtual switch
NFVDOVE:multi-tenant network virtualization
• Advanced Connectivity Service with Application chaining
• Additional Hypervisor vSwitches
OpenFlowOF 1.0 10GE switch
• Additional OpenFlow enabled IBM Switches
• OpenFlowSpec Currency Release OF 1.3.1
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IBM SDN-VE: A hypervisor for the network• SDN for Virtual Environments (SDN-VE) is based on IBM’s
Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet (DOVE) networking technology• SDE-VE uses existing IP infrastructure: No change to existing network• Provides server-based connectivity for virtual workloads
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IBM Software Defined NetworkingOpenStack based SDE framework for storage, compute & networking
IBM SmartCloud StackMulti-tier workload patterns Monitoring & service assurance
SmartCloud Orchestration
Quantum
PowerVM zHyp
VMware Hyper-V
KVM
OpenStack Quantum APICinder Storage APIs NOVA Compute APIs
NOVAStorage
Driver Driver
SDN-VE (Open Daylight based)
OpenFlow1.0, 1.3.1 other std I/FDOVE / vSwitch
OpenStack Quantum EnhancementsService & middleware configurationService connectivityService templatesService connectivity patterns
IntrusionPrevention
Firewall
Web Servers
Application Server
FirewallLoadBalancer
DatabaseCluster
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SmartCloud Orchestration – Orchestrate Services across multiple environments and domains
IBM SmartCloud Foundations & OpenStack
• Open, common, standards based architecture • Simple 3 tier structure, with increased Client Value
at each tier• Clean upgrade paths • Significant customer benefits above and
beyond base OpenStack
Supporting both Vertically Integrated and Horizontal solutions
Related Standards & Organizations
CIMI &OVF
TOSCA
CCRA
OSLC
Key:
CommonCloud Stack
FactoryIntegrated
BundleOption
SmartCloud ProvisioningAutomate Optimized Workloads
SmartCloud EntryAutomate IT Delivery
SmartCloud ProvisioningAutomate Optimized Workloads
SmartCloud EntryAutomate IT Delivery
Customer integrated hardware
PureFlex SystemPureApplication
System
Automate Optimized Workloads
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Checklist of Key SDN Controller FunctionalityOpenFlow SupportIT organizations need to understand the OpenFlow functionality that the controller currently supports, including support for optional features and extensions to the protocol. IT organizations also need to understand the vendor’s roadmap to implement new versions of OpenFlow.Network VirtualizationIt must be possible to dynamically create policy-based virtual networks to meet a range of requirements. These virtual networks must abstract and pool network resources in a manner similar to how server virtualization abstracts and pools compute resources. Network FunctionalityThis includes the ability to discover multiple paths from origin to destination and to split the traffic across multiple links. It also includes the ability to utilize a rich set of constructs that enable the creation of L2 and L3 networks within a tenant-specific virtual network.ScalabilityAn SDN controller should be able to support a minimum of 100 switches. It must also be able to mitigate the impact of network broadcast overhead and the proliferation of flow table entries.PerformanceAn SDN controller must be able to pre-populate the flow tables to the degree possible and it must have processing and I/O capabilities that ensure that the controller is not a bottleneck in the creation of flow entries.
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Checklist of Key SDN Controller FunctionalityNetwork ProgrammabilityIt must be possible to apply sophisticated filters to packets. The SDN controller should provide templates that enable the creation of scriptable CLIs that allow for the dynamic programming of the network.ReliabilityIt must be possible to have multiple network paths from origin to destination. The SDN controller should also be built using both hardware and software redundancy features and it must be possible to cluster the controllers.Security of the NetworkIt must be possible to apply enterprise class authentication and authorization and to completely isolate each virtual network. The SDN controller must be able to rate limit the control communications.Centralized Management and VisualizationAn SDN controller should enable the IT organization to choose the classes of traffic that it monitors and it should present to the IT organization a visualization of both the physical network and the multiple virtual networks that run on top of it.The SDN Controller VendorThe vendor must demonstrate that it has the financial and technical resources to support the ongoing development that will be associated with SDN. The vendor must also demonstrate its long-term position and momentum in the SDN marketplace.
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SDN Case Study
SDN 101
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Case Study
Marist College (a member of Internet2), which currently includes several academic partners (Columbia University, City University of New York, and State University of New York), as well as corporate partners (IBM, ADVA, NEC, and BigSwitch).
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• SDN/NFV test bed constructed as part of the New York State Center for Cloud Computing and Analytics SDN Innovation Lab. Established in 2013.
• This center is a consortium based at Marist College (a member of Internet2), which currently includes several academic partners (Columbia University, City University of New York, and State University of New York)
• as well as corporate partners (IBM, ADVA, NEC, and BigSwitch).
• The goals of this test bed include demonstrating practical use cases for SDN/NFV network abstractions, promoting standards-based, open source development communities, and developing new academic curricula for networking professionals.
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SDN Online Courses
SDN 101
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A Review of Recent SDN MOOC(Massive Open Online Course)
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Software Defined Networking @ coursera
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SDN Lab SW Tools
SDN 101
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OpenStack – How to get Images
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OpenStack – Documentation
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OpenStack – Network Plug-ins
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OpenStack – Network Configuration Scenarios
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OpenDayLighytPre-built Opendaylight VM Images
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OpenDayLighyt – Neutron Plugin
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OpenDaylight Virtual Tenant Network (VTN)
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FloodLight – SDN Controller
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FloodLight configuration with OpenStack
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FloodLight configuration with DevStack
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MiniNet – Virtual Network: OpenFlow Switches, SDN Controllers, and Servers/Hosts
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MiniNet – Virtual Network: OpenFlow Switches, SDN Controllers, and Servers/Hosts
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MiniNet GUI Automatic Creation of Mininet Scripts
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Open vSwitch – Configuration with OpenStack
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Avior – Sample FloodLight Java Application
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Avior – Sample FloodLight Java Application
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NOX - C++ OpenFlow API for building network control applications
POX - Python OpenFlow API for building network control applications
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Pyretic = Python + FreneticEnables network programmers and operators to write modular network applications by providing powerful abstractions
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ResonanceEvent-Driven Control for Software-Defined Networks (written in Pyretic)
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TremaFull-Stack OpenFlow Framework in Ruby and C
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FlowScaleProject to divide and distribute traffic over multiple physical switch ports.
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SNACOpen source OpenFlow controller for LANs with a graphical user
interface and a policy definition language.
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SDN Project
SDN 101
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1st ProjectNetwork Virtualization– Multi-Tenant Networks
To dynamically create segregated topologically-equivalent networks across a datacenter, scaling beyond typical limits of VLANs today at 4K
Better utilization of datacenter resources, claimed 20-30% better use of resources. Faster turnaround times in creating segregated network, from weeks to minutes via automation APIs.
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2nd Project SDN Integration with Multiple Hypervisors
Integrate VMWare SDN Solution (NSX) with multiple Hypervisors:• VMWare • Hyper-V• Cetrix Xen• KVM
Automating VM-to-VLAN association/provisioning. Test SDN capabilities in VM Fault-Tolerant Solutions, with VM/VLAN Fail-Over and/or Fall-Back.
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Simulated SDN Project Network