S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN

SOUTHEAST ASIASOUTHEAST ASIA

NEH INSTITUTENEH INSTITUTEEAST-WEST CENTEREAST-WEST CENTER

Honolulu, HawaiiHonolulu, HawaiiJune 20-July 22, 2011 June 20-July 22, 2011

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

SOUTHEAST ASIA: SOUTHEAST ASIA: THE AFRICAN DIASPORATHE AFRICAN DIASPORA

OUT OF AFRICAOUT OF AFRICA

IntoInto

SOUTHEAST ASIASOUTHEAST ASIA

Overview of The African DiasporaOverview of The African Diaspora

Southeast Asia: Geography and HistorySoutheast Asia: Geography and History

A. IndonesiaA. Indonesia

B. BurmaB. Burma

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

WELCOME TO SOUTHEAST WELCOME TO SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE AFRICAN ASIA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA!DIASPORA!• HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT BLACKS HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT BLACKS

IN INDONESIA? WHAT ABOUT IN BURMA IN INDONESIA? WHAT ABOUT IN BURMA OR MALAYSIA?OR MALAYSIA?

• HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF NETHERLAND HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF NETHERLAND SOLDIERS, CALLED THE “BLACK SOLDIERS, CALLED THE “BLACK DUTCHMEN”?DUTCHMEN”?

• DID YOU EVER CONSIDER THAT AS A DID YOU EVER CONSIDER THAT AS A YOUNG BLACK COLLEGE STUDENT YOU YOUNG BLACK COLLEGE STUDENT YOU ARE AN AGENT OF KNOWLEDGE?ARE AN AGENT OF KNOWLEDGE?

• AND THAT WITH KNOWLEDGE YOU CAN AND THAT WITH KNOWLEDGE YOU CAN MAKE REAL CHANGE IN THE WORLD.MAKE REAL CHANGE IN THE WORLD.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

Curriculum UnitCurriculum Unit

• This unit seeks to provide students with a formal This unit seeks to provide students with a formal introduction to their own background and culture; introduction to their own background and culture;

• the connection of that background and culture to the connection of that background and culture to those of other communities of African Diaspora, those of other communities of African Diaspora, particularly, Southeast Asia;particularly, Southeast Asia;

• the relationship between this comprehensive the relationship between this comprehensive experience and developments in the larger world; experience and developments in the larger world;

• and the fostering of a process whereby students and the fostering of a process whereby students learn to reflect critically upon methods and learn to reflect critically upon methods and strategies of addressing contemporary political, strategies of addressing contemporary political, economic, and social issues. economic, and social issues.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

Unit ObjectivesUnit Objectives

11. . To make Southeast Asia an analytical center of inquiry for the African Diaspora.To make Southeast Asia an analytical center of inquiry for the African Diaspora.2. To develop an understanding of the relationship of the Diaspora to other cultures and to 2. To develop an understanding of the relationship of the Diaspora to other cultures and to

major major historical, philosophical, artistic, and scientific developments in the world.historical, philosophical, artistic, and scientific developments in the world.3. To stimulate and nurture an institutional intellectual culture that integrates methods of 3. To stimulate and nurture an institutional intellectual culture that integrates methods of

inquiry, inquiry, thus establishing connections among disciplines and encouraging students to pursue thus establishing connections among disciplines and encouraging students to pursue

knowledge knowledge through a variety of sources.through a variety of sources.4. To serve as an initial, substantive experience at the college level that provides a foundation 4. To serve as an initial, substantive experience at the college level that provides a foundation

for for subsequent studies, regardless of the major.subsequent studies, regardless of the major.5. To promote critical thinking, so that in both written and oral communication the student will 5. To promote critical thinking, so that in both written and oral communication the student will

be be able to analyze print and non-print material, make comparisons of particulars, draw and able to analyze print and non-print material, make comparisons of particulars, draw and

support support conclusions.conclusions.6. To document sources, synthesize diverse information, scrutinize and apply theory, and 6. To document sources, synthesize diverse information, scrutinize and apply theory, and

evaluate the characteristics and ethical implications of diverse worldviews.evaluate the characteristics and ethical implications of diverse worldviews.7. To understand that a study of the human experience is important to an appreciation of the 7. To understand that a study of the human experience is important to an appreciation of the student's position as a citizen of the world.student's position as a citizen of the world.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

Unit OutcomesUnit Outcomes

1. Students will develop well-informed questions about course 1. Students will develop well-informed questions about course content as well as respond to such questions in written and content as well as respond to such questions in written and oral form.oral form.

2. Students will critically evaluate and use theory to explain, 2. Students will critically evaluate and use theory to explain, analyze and interpret historical, philosophical, artistic and analyze and interpret historical, philosophical, artistic and scientific development.scientific development.

3. Students will write critical essays, research papers and other 3. Students will write critical essays, research papers and other free response writings. free response writings.

4. Students will introduce and discuss ideas in formal class 4. Students will introduce and discuss ideas in formal class presentations.presentations.

5. Students will produce at least one in-class group project that 5. Students will produce at least one in-class group project that is visual, digital, or ephemeral e.g., a dramatization, a musical is visual, digital, or ephemeral e.g., a dramatization, a musical performance, a dance, etc. This project will demonstrate their performance, a dance, etc. This project will demonstrate their understanding of a teaching point or theory from this course.understanding of a teaching point or theory from this course.

6. Students will conduct original research and present their 6. Students will conduct original research and present their findings in oral, visual, written and/or digital form. findings in oral, visual, written and/or digital form.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

LOCATING AND DEFINING LOCATING AND DEFINING SOUTHEAST ASIASOUTHEAST ASIA

Unit 1 addresses basic questions Unit 1 addresses basic questions about about

Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia.

• “ “What is it?” What is it?”

• ““Where is it?”Where is it?”

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

SourcesSources

• Film: The African Diaspora; Scattered Africa and Voices of Film: The African Diaspora; Scattered Africa and Voices of the Sidis;the Sidis; Angano Angano: Tales From Madagascar. Angano Angano: Tales From Madagascar.

• Books:Books:Defining and Studying the Modern African Diaspora, Defining and Studying the Modern African Diaspora, Colin PalmerColin Palmer

• The African Diaspora in World History and Politics, Joseph The African Diaspora in World History and Politics, Joseph Harris (Web CT)Harris (Web CT)

• Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, Joseph E. Harris Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora, Joseph E. Harris (ed.)(ed.)

• The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean: A Comparative The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean: A Comparative Perspective, Edward A. AlpersPerspective, Edward A. Alpers

• Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora, Michael A. Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora, Michael A. GomezGomez

• The World and Africa, W.E.B. DuBoisThe World and Africa, W.E.B. DuBois

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

INDONESIAINDONESIA

• GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

• HISTORYHISTORY

• AFRICAN DIASPOROAFRICAN DIASPORO An Annotated BibliographyAn Annotated Bibliography

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

HISTORYHISTORY

• Pre-ColonialPre-Colonial

• Arrival of the EuropeansArrival of the Europeans

• The Colonial StateThe Colonial State

• Independent IndonesiaIndependent Indonesia

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

BibliographyBibliography

• Erik Martin Kuhonga, et.al., eds. Southeast Asia in Erik Martin Kuhonga, et.al., eds. Southeast Asia in Political Science (Stanford: Stanford University Press) Political Science (Stanford: Stanford University Press) 20082008

• Tarling Nicholes. Southeast Asia: A Modern History. Tarling Nicholes. Southeast Asia: A Modern History. (Melbourne: Oxford University Press) 2001.(Melbourne: Oxford University Press) 2001.

• Norman Owen (ed). The Emergence of Modern Norman Owen (ed). The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press) Southeast Asia. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press) 2005.2005.

• Merle Calvin Richklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia. Merle Calvin Richklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia. (Stanford: Stanford University Press) 2001.(Stanford: Stanford University Press) 2001.

• Jean Gelman Taylor. Indonesia:Peoples and Histories. Jean Gelman Taylor. Indonesia:Peoples and Histories. (New Haven: Yale University Press) 2004. (New Haven: Yale University Press) 2004.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

JOURNALSJOURNALS

• Journal of Asian StudiesJournal of Asian Studies

• Journal of Southeast Asian HistoryJournal of Southeast Asian History

• Journal of Southeast Asian StudiesJournal of Southeast Asian Studies

• Review of Indonesian and Malayan Review of Indonesian and Malayan AffairsAffairs

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

African KNIL soldieron Java by ErnestHardouin (ca. 1850).KITLV, Leiden, cat no 36 b 187.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPYANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPY

1.Title: The Black Dutchmen: African 1.Title: The Black Dutchmen: African

Soldiers in the Netherlands East Soldiers in the Netherlands East

IndiesIndies

Author: Kessel, W. M. J. vanAuthor: Kessel, W. M. J. van

Issue: DSpace at University Leiden (Netherlands) 2002Issue: DSpace at University Leiden (Netherlands) 2002

Type: Article in Mongraph or proceedingsType: Article in Mongraph or proceedings

Pages: 133-141Pages: 133-141

University of Hawaii, Manoa University of Hawaii, Manoa DS640.N4P3DS640.N4P3

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

• More than 3,000 African recruits between More than 3,000 African recruits between 1831-1872, sailed from Elmina (Gold 1831-1872, sailed from Elmina (Gold Coast, now Ghana) to Batavia, the capital Coast, now Ghana) to Batavia, the capital of the Netherlands East Indies. Some of the Netherlands East Indies. Some Africans returned to the Gold Coast, while Africans returned to the Gold Coast, while others opted to settle in the East Indies. others opted to settle in the East Indies. They became the founding fathers of the They became the founding fathers of the Indo-African communities in the Javanese Indo-African communities in the Javanese towns of Purworedjo, Semarang, Salatiga towns of Purworedjo, Semarang, Salatiga and Solo. On Java, the African soldiers and and Solo. On Java, the African soldiers and their descendants became known as their descendants became known as 'Belanda Hitam' - black Dutchmen. 'Belanda Hitam' - black Dutchmen.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

The Indo-African family Land-Cordus posing in front of the Land family house, Purworedjo ca.1932. Standing second from the right is DaanCordus.Collection Daan Cordus.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

Title: “Reminiscences of the African Community in Title: “Reminiscences of the African Community in Purworedjo, Indonesia Purworedjo, IndonesiaAuthor: Endri Kusruri Author: Endri Kusruri Issue: 2002Issue: 2002Type: Book, Chapter: Merchants, Missionaries and Type: Book, Chapter: Merchants, Missionaries and Migrants: 300 Years of Dutch-Ghanaian Migrants: 300 Years of Dutch-Ghanaian Relations, I. van Kessel (ed.) Relations, I. van Kessel (ed.)Pages: 143-150Pages: 143-150Publisher: KIT, AmsterdamPublisher: KIT, AmsterdamInterviews with descendents of soldiers at a reunion in Purworedgo, Interviews with descendents of soldiers at a reunion in Purworedgo, Amsterdam and in Ghana.Amsterdam and in Ghana.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

Title: New Sources for the Study of Akan slave and Title: New Sources for the Study of Akan slave and Slave Trade: Dutch Military Recruitment in the Slave Trade: Dutch Military Recruitment in the Gold Coast and Asante, 1831-1871 Gold Coast and Asante, 1831-1871 Author: Robin Law (ed.) Author: Robin Law (ed.) Issue: April 1996, Issue: April 1996, Type: Papers from a conference of the Center of Type: Papers from a conference of the Center of

Commonwealth Studies, University Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirlingof Stirling

Pages: 35-60Pages: 35-60 Electronic Format, UHM Electronic Format, UHMSource material for studying the slave trade and the African DiasporaSource material for studying the slave trade and the African Diaspora..

Title: Being Dutch in the IndiesTitle: Being Dutch in the IndiesAuthor: Ulbe Bosman, Remco RahenAuthor: Ulbe Bosman, Remco RahenIssue: 2008Issue: 2008Publisher: University of Wisconsin PressPublisher: University of Wisconsin Press

Chronicles the experiences ofChronicles the experiences of the Black soldiers who were considered Dutch the Black soldiers who were considered Dutch and their rebellions against the Dutch officers and them leaving the army and and their rebellions against the Dutch officers and them leaving the army and

going into the mountains of Java.going into the mountains of Java.

S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College S.C.Vaughn, Ph.D. Rust College

The African-Asian Diaspora: Myth or Reality? G. Campbell.The African-Asian Diaspora: Myth or Reality? G. Campbell.African and Asian Studies Vol. 5, No. 3-4, 2006, PP. 305-324.African and Asian Studies Vol. 5, No. 3-4, 2006, PP. 305-324.Questions if you can describe what happened to Africans in Asia as Diaspora.Questions if you can describe what happened to Africans in Asia as Diaspora.