Middle Ages Art Art focused on religion They were simple and 2 dimensional.
SCULPTURE: 3-Dimensional Art Permanence 3-dimensional art / realistic Types- full round (may use...
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Transcript of SCULPTURE: 3-Dimensional Art Permanence 3-dimensional art / realistic Types- full round (may use...
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SCULPTURE: 3-Dimensional Art
• Permanence• 3-dimensional art / realistic• Types- full round (may use devices
for support)• Relief: maintains 2-d quality, low
or high (by half their depth)• Linear (thin, elongated items),
mobiles
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Methods of Execution
• Subtraction (carving away)• Material culture determines wood,
stone, bone, etc.• Types of rock: (1) igneous (granite-
hard, lasting, difficult)• (2) Sedimentary (limestone- lasting,
easy, smooth, luster)• (3) Metamorphic (marble- lasting,
pleasure to carve, colors)
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Methods: Subtraction
• Creates a model, smaller than sculpture, of clay, plaster, wax
• Roughs out the image to within 2-3 inches of finished area
• Using a different set of tools, the sculptor finishes the work to precise detail
• Finally the sculptor polishes the material
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Methods: Construction
• Construction- adds element to element; built sculpture (plastics, metals, terracotta clay, resins, wood, mixed media)
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Methods: Substitution
• Substitution- molded or cast• Positive = artist creates an identically
sized model• Negative = covering the model with
plaster, which when hardens is removed, the sculptor has created the negative mold for the sculpture
• Sculptor pours molten metal into mold, the metal hardens when cooled & the sculpture emerges- it can then be polished
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Lost Wax Technique
• Lost wax technique (cire-perdue)- cast sculpture in which the basic mold uses a wax model which is then melted to leave desired spaces in the mold
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Lost Wax
1. Sculptor covers core of clay in the shape of the sculpture with wax layer
2. He then carves details into the wax and attaches rods & pouring cup & covers everything with a thick layer of clay
3. When the clay dries, the artist heats the mold to melt the wax & then pours molten metal into the mold
4. When metal solidifies, the mold is broken to release the sculpture- it cannot be duplicated, and is hollow, therefore lighter and less expensive
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Manipulation- modeling- clay
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Sculptural Art Elements
• Mass (literal)• Line & Form: open & closed• Space / Negative space• Color• Texture
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Mass (Literal)
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Open Form
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Closed Form
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Negative Space
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Color
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Texture
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Texture
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Texture
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Design Principles
• Proportion, relative relationship of shapes to one another
• Scale- size in relation to standard• Repetition (rhythm, harmony, variation)• Balance - Biomorphic / geometric forms• Articulation: manner by which we move from
one element to the next (how the artist has repeated, varied, harmonized, & related its parts and the movement from one part to another)
• Focal area (emphasis)
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Proportion- size of the parts in relation to the whole
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Scale: size in relation to normal
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Repetition
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Balance
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Contemporary Methods
• Found Objects: changes the context of objects, combines objects in a different way, or decides an object has an aesthetic reference and presents it that way
• Ephemeral art: conceptual, transitory, and makes statement then ceases to exist
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Ephemeral Art
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Sensory Experience
Touch Temperature Age Dynamics Size Lighting Environment