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PG DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
M.Sc. ZOOLOGY SYLLABUS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
Academic Session
2017 - 2019
CBCS – M.Sc. Zoology Syllabus
Website: www.scscollege.nic.in
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
1
Semester – I
Hard Core Course
Course No. Course Title Lecturer Credits Marks
Zoo – 101 Non Chordates, Biosystematics and Taxonomy 40 4 100
Zoo – 102 Cell Biology and Genetics 40 4 100
Zoo – 103 Physiology, History and Histochemistry 40 4 100
Zoo – 104 Techniques and Instrumentation Statistics and
Bioinformatics
40 4 100
Zoo – 105 Practical related to theory papers 60 6 100
Total Credits – 22, Marks - 500
Semester – II
Hard Core Course
Course No. Course Title Lecturer Credits Marks
Zoo – 201 Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology
40 4 100
Zoo – 202 Microbiology and Immunology 40 4 100
Zoo – 203 Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology 40 4 100
Zoo – 204 Environmental Biology and Wildlife 40 4 100
Zoo – 205 Practical related to theory papers 60 6 100
Seminar Presentation - 1 -
Total Credits – 23, Marks - 500
Semester – III
Hard Core Course
Course No. Course Title Lecturer Credits Marks
Zoo – 301 Chordates, Evolution and Paleo-Zoology 40 4 100
Zoo – 302 Economic Zoology and Aquaculture 40 4 100
Zoo – 303 Developmental Biology 40 4 100
Zoo – 304 Animal Behaviour and Adaptive Physiology 40 4 100
Zoo – 305 Practical related to theory papers 60 6 100
Seminar Presentation - 1 -
Total Credits – 23, Marks - 500
CORE ELECTIVE COURSE (if more than one of these courses are offered in a year, a
student is required to choose only one i.e. ‘a’ or ‘b’ or ‘c’ or ‘d’)
Semester – IV
Applied Zoology and Biotechnology
Course No. Course Title Lecturer Credits Marks
Zoo – 401a Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology
40 4 100
Zoo – 402a Microbial Biotechnology and Microbial
Ecology
40 4 100
Zoo – 403a Animal Development and Neurobiology 40 4 100
Zoo – 404a Conservation Biology and Environmental
Biotechnology
40 4 100
Zoo – 405a Practical related to theory 60 6 100
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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CORE PAPERS
Zoo -101: NON-CHORDATES, BIOSYSTEMATICS AND TAXONOMY
Non-Chordates:
UNIT – I
Protozoan diseases in man, Reproduction in sponges, Polymorphism in Coelenterates,
Helminth parasites and human diseases/Soil nematodes and plant nematodes. Matamerism
and Segmentation in Annelids.
UNIT – II
Crustacean parasites, Vision in insects. Biology of locusts, Biology of termites. Horseshoe
crabs and their importance, Shell in molluscs, Larval forms in echinoderms and Role of
echinoderms in origin of chordates.
Biosystematics and Taxonomy:
UNIT – III
Definition and basic concepts of Biosystematics and Taxonomy, Historical resume of
systematics, Importance and applications of biosystematics in biology, Materials basis of
biosystematics : different attributes. Trends in biosystematics - concepts of different
conventional and newer aspects like Chemotaxonomy, Cyto-taxonomy and Molecular
taxonomy,
UNIT – IV
Dimensions of speciation and taxonomic characters, Species concepts - species category,
different species concepts, sub-species and other intraspecific categories and Theories of
biological classification, Hierarchy of categories.
UNIT – V
Procedure keys in taxonomy, Taxonomic procedures - Taxonomic collections, Preservation,
Curetting, Process of identification. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) -
its operative principles, Interpretation and application of important rules, Zoological
nomenclature, Formation of scientific names of various taxa, Evaluation of biodiversity
indices - Shannon-Winner Index, Dominance index, Similarity and dissimilarity index and
Association Index.
Zoo – 102: CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Cell Biology
UNIT – I
Introduction - Experimental systems in cell biology, Cell concept. Bio membranes: Molecular
composition and arrangement, Functional consequences, Transport across cell membrane
diffusion, active transport, uniports, symports and antiports. Membrane modifications,
Zonulaoccludens, Zonulaadherens, Macula adherens, Gap junction (Nexus).
UNIT – II
Cytoskeleton: Micro-filaments and microtubules - structure and dynamics, Microtubules and
Mitosis, Structure and function of cilia and flagella, Structure, Orientation and behaviour of
chromosomes, Cell Cycle, Cell signalling.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
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UNIT – III
Cell cloning and its application (Origin, Development and Future prospect), Genetic analysis
in cell biology, Testing of genetic toxicity, various experimental methods of harvesting of
Cells (testes, bone marrow), Preparation of chromosomes and analysis.
Genetics
UNIT – IV
Laws of heredity, Co-and incomplete dominance, Gene linkage, Varieties of Gene expression
-lethal genes, multiple alleles, pleiotropic genes, gene interactions, epistasis. structural and
numerical alterations of chromosomes and meiotic consequences, Cytoplasmic inheritance :
Sex-chromosome systems; Different mechanisms of sex determination in animals
(Drosophila, Man, Bees and Bonellia).
UNIT – V
Human genetics - Chromosomal disorder, Some common human syndromes, Twin study,
Superfoetation, Polyembryony,Free Martin, Multiple birth, Genetic counseling,
Amniocentesis, Nature and function of genetic material, Chemical compounds causing
genetic damage, Gene mapping and genome analysis.
Zoo – 103: PHYSIOLOGY, HISTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY
Physiology
UNIT – I
Transport across cell membrane Composition of blood, Blood groups and mechanism of
blood coagulation, The lymphatic system.
UNIT – II
Pulmonary ventilation, Respiratory surface and Gas exchange, Regulation of respiration,
Transport of gases, Acid-base balance, Excretory system: Urine formation, Glomerular
filtration, Tubular function, Renal Mechanism of concentrating and diluting urine.
UNIT – III
Osmoregulation-Fresh water, Marine and terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates/ Nutrition-
Macro and Micro-nutrients, Diversity in vertebrate digestive structures, Vitamins.
Histology
UNIT – IV
Basic requirement of a histological preparation Epithelial Tissue: Classification, types of
epithelial tissues and their function, Connective tissue: Classification, types of connective
tissue and their functions, Bone and Cartilage.
HISTOCHEMISTRY
UNIT – V
Basic requirements of a histochemical test: General principles of demonstration of
carbohydrates, lipids, protein and nucleic acids, Enzyme histochemistry: it's important
considerations, principles of demonstration of enzymes: dehydrogenases, esterases and
phosphatases, Affinity histochemistry.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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Zoo – 104: TECHNIQUES, INSTRUMENTATION, STATISTICS AND
BIOINFORMATICS
Instrumentation and Techniques
UNIT – I: Instrumentation and Techniques – I
Microscopy: Principle of operation and Instrumentation of light, Fluorescent and Electron
microscopy, Microtomy: Chromosome analysis, Karyotyping and Karyo- morphometrical
analysis, Taxidermy.
UNIT – II: Instrumentation and Techniques – II
Centrifugation: Principle of sedimentation, Methods in preparatory ultracentrifugation
(Differential and density gradient Centrifugation). Chromatography: Principle and application
for molecular exclusion chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, Affinity
chromatography, Gas-liquid chromatography and HPLC. Electrophoresis: Principle and
application of electrophoretic separation, Types of solid support used (Cellulose acetate,
Starch, Agar, Agarose and PAGE) and its importance, Isoelectrofocussing,
UNIT – III: Instrumentation and Techniques – III
Spectrophotometry: Principle and application of ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry
and Spectrofluorimetry, X-ray diffraction crystallography, Radioisotopictechniques : Nature
of radioactivity, application of radioactivity in biology (carbon dating, liquid scintillation
counting, autoradiography).
Biostastics:
UNIT – IV
Definition and scope of biostatistics, Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode),
Measures of dispersion, Coefficient of variation, Equation and graphs of linear and
exponential relation, Elementary idea about probability, Normal, Poisson, Binomial
distribution, Tests of significance (t and chi-square tests),
Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
UNIT – V
Simple correlation and regression, Analysis of variance (single factor design and their
applications). Sampling techniques (Random sampling etc.)
Bioinformatics: Definition and applications, Data base search for DNA and Protein
sequences.
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ZOO – 201: BIOPHYSICS, BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY Biophysics
UNIT – I
Concept of Biomolecules: Chemical composition and bonding, three dimensional structure,
Chemical reactivity, macromolecules and their monomeric submits, Weak interactions in
aqueous system, ionization of water, weak acids, weak bases, buffers and buffering capacity,
Principle of bioenergetics: Bioenergetics and thermodynamics, phosphoryl group transfers
and ATP, Biological oxidation-reduction reactions.
Biochemistry
UNIT – II: Biochemistry – I
Amino acids and proteins: Types of amino acids and their properties, The peptide bend,
biologically active peptides, Properties of proteins, Amono acid and sequence of proteins and
its importance, three dimentional structure of proteins (secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structure), protein denaturation and folding.
Carbohydrates: Classification, Glycoconjugates (Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins and
Glycolipids) Lipids: Storage lipids, structural lipids in membranes, lipids as signals, cofactors
and pigments Coenzymes and vitamins.
UNIT – III: Biochemistry-II
Enzymes: Nomenclature, Classification and properties, kinetics and mechanism of action
(carboxypeptidase), Regulation (allosteric, phosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage),
Metabolism of amino acid: Transamination, oxidative deamination and urea cycle.
UNIT – IV: Biochemistry-III
Metabolism of carbohydrates : Glycolysis, Pentose-phosphate pathway, TCA cycle,
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen metabolism, Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, Oxidative
phosphorylation, Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis, Metabolism of lipids : beta-
oxidation of fatty acids, Biosynthesis of fatty acids.
Molecular biology
UNIT – V
Physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, DNA double helical structure, types, structural
peculiarities, size, sequence, organization in chromatin, super coiling, sequencing methods of
nucleic acids, DNA replication and repair, Types of RNA, mRNA synthesis, mRNA
processing, RNA dependent synthesis of DNA, Genetic code, Protein synthesis.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
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Zoo – 202: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Microbiology
UNIT – I
Introduction: Concept of microbiology, Microbes and man, History of microbiology,
Divisions of Microbiology, Microscopy, Microscopic units, Microbial culture, Pure culture,
Subculture, Stains of microbes. Structural organisation: Prokarytic microorganisms,
Structural details of prokaryotic cell, Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell,
Eukaryotic microbes (Protozoa). Structure of bacteria, virus (Bacteriophage) and
multiplication (Lytic, cycle and Lysogenic cycle)
UNIT – II
Microbial genetics: Concept of genetic recombination of bacteria, Transformation,
Transduction and Sexduction (Conjugation). Application and importance of microbiology:
Bacteria! diseases of man (Microbes in air, water and soil), Airborne, Foodborne,
Waterborne, Soilborne, Sexually-transmitted and contact diseases, Viral diseases of man,
Industrial microbiology, Biomineralization (Microbial leaching).
Immunology
UNIT – III
Innate and adaptive Immunity: Organization and Structure of lymphoid organs, Antigens and
antibodies, Atfigen-antibody reaction, Structure of immunoglobulins.
UNIT – IV
Humoral and cell mediated immunity, Regulation of immune response, Major
histocompatibility complex and HLA system, Complement and its action.
UNIT – V Immunological aspects of transplantation, Autoimmunity, lrnmunotolerance, Hypersensitivity
concept, Vaccines, Interferons and Episomes
Zoo – 203: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Endocrinology
UNIT – I
Chemical messengers, Hormones and their feedback systems, Steroid mechanisms of
hormone action (Fixed membrane - and mobile-receptor mechanisms), Receptor signal
transductions, Techniques in endocrinology (Bioassay and Radioimmunoassay) Pineal,
Thymus and gastrointestinal hormones Anatomy, Chemistry, Assay and Biological action of
adenohypophysial and neurohypophysial hormones, Pituitary pathophysiology.
UNIT – II
Hypothalamic control of adenohypophysial function, Neuroendocrine system and
neurosecretion Clinical aspects of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system Thyroid gland:
Anatomy, biosynthesis and function of thyroid hormones, Antithyroid agents and control of
thyroid secretion, Parathyroid gland: Anatomy, Regulation of secretion and function of
parathyroid hormone.
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UNIT – III
Endocrine pancreas: Anatomy, regulation of secretion, Chemistry and functions of insulin
and glucagon. Adrenal gland (cortex and medulla) An atomy, biosynthesis, function of
cortical and medullary hormones and regulation of their secretion, General idea about
hormones influencing carbohydrate metabolism, hormones of some invertebrates.
Reproductive Physiology
UNIT – IV
Structure of male reproductive system, Testicular events and biosynthesis of testosterone.
Structure of sperm, Biochemistry of semen, Capacitation of spermatozoa, Structure of female
reproductive system, Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, Luteinization, Estrous cycle, Menstrual
cycle, Menopause, Major endocrine disorder-related to reproduction, Endocrinology of
implantation, Parturition, Role of hormones during pregnancy Endocrinology of lactation.
UNIT – V
Steroids and their biosynthesis, Steroid hormones and brain differentiation, Transport of
steroid hormones in blood, Metabolism and excretion of steroid hormones, Sterility, its
causes and control, Artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertility
control, Contraception: Natural and chemical methods, Oral contraception, Contraceptives of
future.
Zoo – 204: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND WILDLIFE
Environmental Biology
UNIT – I
Ecosystem: Component parts, energy sources and energy flow in ecosystems, Food chains
and Food webs, Trophic levels, Ecological Pyramids, Ecological niche, Ecological factor
(Temperature and light), Carbon and Nitrogen cycle, Resource Biology: Classification of
resources, Non-renewable resources, Mineral resources, Renewable resources.
UNIT – II
Ecological succession, Microbes in decomposition and recycling process, Aquatic biology,
Physiochemical and biological properties of water, Primary productivity, Waste utilization,
Harmful effect of insecticides and pesticides. Biogas, Biomass, Sola energy, Coal, Wind
mills, Habitat and Niche.
UNIT – III
Environment pollution: Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil Pollution, Noise pollution,
pollution, Solid waste pollution, Ozone layer depletion, Hazardous wastes and Tors
chemicals Acid rains, Green house effect, Global warming.
Wildlife
UNIT – IV
Biography of India with reference of distribution of animals, Rare and endangered species of
India, Wildlife in Odisha.
(a) Mammals: Blackbuck, Bison, Swamp deer, Wild buffalo, Elephant, Lion Indian
rhinoceros, Tiger, Wild ass, Dugong.
(b) Birds: Horn bills, Pea fowl, White winged duck, Pink headed duck, Jerdoncursor.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
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(c) Reptiles: Gavialis gangeticus, Crocodilusporosus, Crocodiluspalustris, Monitor
lizards Olive ridley sea turtle, Indian python.
Threatened species of mammals of India, General methods of wildlife census, Wildlife
Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves and Zoos.
Wildlife Conservation
UNIT – V
Crocodile conservation in India, Sea turtle conservation in India, Project tiger in India,
Elephant conservation in India, Wildlife (Protection) Act of Government of India (1972),
Forest Conservation Act (1980).
Zoo – 301: CHORDATES, EVOLUTION AND PALEOZOOLOGY
Chordates
UNIT – I
Affinities of Balanoglossus, Reproduction and colony formation in Urochordates, Amphioxus
and its special status, Cyclostomes and their affinities, Migration in fishes, Parental care,
Luminous organs in fishes, Air breathing fishes, Origin and evolution of Amphibia, Origin of
Reptilia, Classfication of reptiles basing on skull pattern.
UNIT – II
Origin, Migration of birds, Plumage and colouration, Nesting habit in birds, Origin and early
history of mammals, Systematic position of prototherians, Adaptive radiation in ' marsupials,
Adaptive radiation in mammals, Evolution of primates (excluding man), Dentition in
mammals.
Evolution
UNIT – III
Evolutionary evidences and theories, Variation and selection as underlying mechanisms' of
evolution, Types and rates of mutation in population, Mechanism of isolation, Origin of
species.
UNIT – IV
Evolutionary trends (micro, macro and mega patterns of evolution), Molecular and genomic
evolution, Gene flow, Gene duplication and mosaic evolution, Modes of specification,
Biological and Cultural evolution of man.
Palaeozoology
UNIT – V
Survey of life through different geological era, Structure and affinities of trilobite, Evolution
of camel and elephant, Formation and types of fossils.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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Zoo – 302: ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE
Economic Zoology
UNIT – I
Insects of commercial importance, Silkmoth and sericulture, Honey bee and apiculture, Lac
insect and lacculture, Insect pests of medical and veterinary importance with special
reference to mosquitoes, flies, lice and ticks.
UNIT – II
Insect pests of some major crops (rice, wheat, oilseeds, pulses and vegetables) Pests of stored
food products and their control, Wetland resources, Earthworm and soil fertility, Economic
importance of molluscs
Aquaculture
UNIT – III
Classification of fishes upto Orders, Ecology and productivity of fish ponds: Ecology and
physical conditions, Biological conditions of water, Aquatic vegetation. Plankton, Chemical
conditions of soil, Weeds and their control, Acid rain.
UNIT – IV
Induced breeding, Bundh breeding, Fish seed trade, Fish Culture, Air breathing fishes,
Composite fish culture, Pearl culture, Prawn farming, Sewage fed fisheries, Effects of
pollutants on fish and fish food organisms.
UNIT – V
Fish in relation to public health, Fish pathology, Parasitic infection and non-parasitic
infection, Various types of nets. Traps, Crafts used in India, Electrofishing, Light fishing,
Fish finding (Echosounder and sonar) Post-harvesting technology: Freezing, Canning
Marketing and Fish farm management.
ZOO – 303: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
UNIT – I
History of developmental biology (Contributions of Spemann, Hilde Mangold, Holtfreter,
Needham, Waddington, Spratt, Briggs and King, Patric Steptoe and Robert Edwards).
UNIT – II
Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Fertilization: morphological aspects,
Biochemical events of fertilization.
UNIT – III
Embryonic adaptations: Placentation and implantation in mammals, Biochemical aspects of
placentation. Organogenesis: Embryonic induction, Movement of cells over long distance
(Neural crest and primordial germ cells).
UNIT – IV
Growth: Growth at cellular and intracellular level, Growth at organismic level and Growth
curves. Regeneration: Regeneration in invertebrates and vertebrates, Role of nervous system
in regeneration.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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UNIT – V
Metamorphosis: Biochemical aspects of metamorphosis in insects and amphibians, Nucleo-
cytoplasmic interactions, Nuclear transplantation in vertebrate embryos, Homeotic genes and
homeotic transformation in anuran tadpoles.
Zoo – 304: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR AND ADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Animal Behaviour
UNIT – I
Ethology as a branch of biology, Classification and analysis of behaviour patterns, Methods
of behavioural study, Studies in nature or wild, Studies in laboratory, Neural and hormonal
control of behaviour, Mammalian nervous system and behaviour.
UNIT – II
Hormones and behaviour, Pheromones and behaviour, Biological rhythms, Circadian clock,
Circannual clock, Orientation and Navigation, Migration of fish, Migration of bird.
UNIT – III
Ecological aspects of behaviour, Habitat selection, Food selection, Aggression, Homing,
Territoriality, Mimicry, Host parasite relation, Social behaviour, Aggression - Schooling in
fish, Flocking birds, Herding in mammals, Social organisation in insects and primates,
Reproductive behaviour, Courtship, Mating systems, Mating groups, Parental care.
Adaptive Physiology
UNIT – IV
Adaptation: Mechanisms of adaptation, Physiological adaptations in different environments.
Freshwater, Ecological factors (Temperature and light), Parasitic, Stress Physiology,
environmental stress and strain, Stress resistance, Stress avoidance and Stress tolerance.
UNIT – V
Adaptation, Acclimation and Acclimatization, Homeostasis, Physiological adaptation to
osmotic and ionic stress, Mechanism of cell volume regulation, Osmoregulation in aqueous
environment, Physiological response to oxygen deficient stress.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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CORE ELECTIVE (Special Paper)
(a) Applied Zoology and Biotechnology
Zoo – 401A: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETIC ENGINEERING AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY Molecular Biology
UNIT – I: Molecular Biology – I
Genes and genome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Regulation of gene expression in
Prokaryotes: Operon concept, lac-operon; trp-operon, transcription attenuation, Lytic and
Lysogemic cascades.
UNIT – II: Molecular Biology – II
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes: Types of eukaryotic promoters, DNA-binding
domains and protein-protein binding domains of regulatory proteins, Signal integration and
combinational control Transcriptional repressors, Signal transduction and control of
transcription and control of transcriptional regulators, Gene silencing, siRNA.
Genetic Engineering
UNIT – III: Genetic Engineering – I
Genetic engineering: Enzymes, Vectors, Hosts, Cloning, Gene library and cDNA library.
UNIT – IV: Genetic Engineering - II
Molecular techniques in genetic engineering : Isolation of DNA and RNA from animal
tissues and blood, Probes, Polymerase chain reaction, Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism, Blotting techniques [Southern, Northern and Western), Genome sequencing
(Shortgun and paired end strategies and comparative genome analysis, Study of gene
expression: Transgenic and Knockout animals, Gene silencing.
Biotechnology
UNIT – V
Application of biotechnology in Medicine and Health: Diagnosis of diseases, Production of
Pharmaceuticals (hormones), Recombinant vaccines and Gene therapy, Forensic science,
Human genome project, Enzyme and whole cell mobilization and its industrial application.
Zoo – 402A: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AND MICROBIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY Microbial Ecology
UNIT – I
Distribution of microbes in soil, water, air, milk, Food, Microorganisms of the body,
Microbes in metal containing habitat, Metal-microbe interactions, Microbial immobilisation
and transformation of metals, Microbial application of metal removal.
UNIT – II
Microbial adaptation to contaminated environment, Microbe-petroleum (Fuels) interactions,
The problems and prospects of biomining, Biofuel production with reference to microbes,
Role of microbes in decomposition process and waste utilisation.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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Microbial Biotechnology
UNIT – III
Bioprocess technology; Isolation and screening of industrially important microbes, Strain
improvement, Production of antibiotics, Beverages, enzymes, Milk product, Vaccines,
Fermentation.
UNIT – IV
Principles of bioreactor engineering, Bacterial cloning other than E. coli, downstream
processing, operations, Production of microbial insecticides and Mycoherbicides.
UNIT – V
Bioconversion, Waste control, Biogas production and Bioleaching, Plant-microbe
interactions and Bio fertilizers, Mushroom production technology.
Zoo – 403A: ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROBILOGY
UNIT – I
Morphogenetic determinants in egg cytoplasm and Role of maternal contribution in early
embryonic development, Differential gene expression during development, Application of
Developmental Biology in medicine, Regeneration therapy, Gene therapy (Somatic cell gene
therapy, Germline gene therapy), in vitro fertilization (IVF).
UNIT – II
Teratogenesis, Teratogenic agents, Mechanism of teratogenesis. Ageing (The biology of
(senescence), Maximum life span, Causes of ageing, Genetically programmed ageing.
UNIT – III
Stem cells, Embryonic stem cells, Adult stem cells, Transgenic stem cells. Neurobiology
UNIT – IV
General features of neurons, Cellular organisation of neurons, Dendrites and Axon, Glial
cells, Schwann cells, Nerve cells as signaling units, Cytoskeleton of the neuron -Microtubule,
Microfilament, N euro filament, Synthesis of macromolecules by nerve cells, Synthesis and
trafficking of neuronal proteins : Cytosolic protein. Nuclear and Mitochondrial protein, Cell
membrane and. Secretory proteins, Synaptic Transmission: Structure of the synapse,
Correlation of structure mid function at the synapse, Transmission across the synapse, Pre-
and post-synaptic events, Electrical and chemical synapse, Excitatory and inhibitory
transmission.
UNIT – V
Neurotransmitters: Synthesis, Storage, Release, Neuropeptides: Mode of action, Role of
neuropeptides and coexistence of neuropeptids with other neurotransmitters, Learning and
Memory, CSF and Blood brain barrier, Neurodegenerative Disorders: Parkinson's and
Alzheimer's diseases, Senile dementia, Myasthenia Gravis.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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ZOO – 404A: CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Conversation Biology:
UNIT – I
Importance: Ethical, Asthetic, Utilitarian and Ecological, Biodiversity: Types of biodiversity,
Mega biodiversity countries, Keystone species, Biodiversity Hot spots in India, in situ and ex
situ conservation, Germplasm conservation, Gene bank, Frozen zoos, Cryopreservation:
Cryoprotectants and their physiochemical properties, Cryopreservation of gonads, Gametes
and embryos.
UNIT – II
Conservation and resource management: Concept of sustainable development, Bioresource,
Land use planning, Water and agriculture management, Remote sensing and its application,
Legal aspects: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Patent, Trade mark, Copy Right, Design,
Biological Diversity Act 2002, The Biological Diversity Rule 2004.
Environmental Biotechnology
UNIT – III
Bioremediation - in situ and ex-situ Gases - Biofilters, Solid waste treatment, Waste water
treatment: Aerobic treatment, Aerobic reactors (fixed film digester, tricking filter digester,
rotating biological contractors and dispersed growth digesters), Microorganisms involved in
aerobic treatment, Anaerobic waste water treatment and Microbial digestion.
UNIT – IV
Bioaccumulation of toxicants, Degradation of xenobiotic compounds - Hydrocarbons, Heavy
metals,Coal waste, Microbial leaching and Biomining, Biopesticides and Biofuels,
Vermitechnology and Biogas production, Bioprospecting of marine organisms, Sea weeds as
food, Phycocolloids and Source of pharmaceuticals for marine organisms, Probiotics and
Single Cell protein (SCP).
UNIT – V
Hormonal manipulation in advancing maturity and reproduction, Biofermentation,
Development of disease resistant stock, Artificial breeding of domestic and aquatic animals,
Biotechnology in biodiversity conservation, Modelling of bioreactors.
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
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FREE ELECTIVE COURSE
(ZAC - I) CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
UNIT – I: CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY: A PROLOGUE
1. Role of Science in conservation Biology
2. Species and speciation
3. Extinct Species
4. Ethics and conservation
UNIT – II: THREATS TO BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
1. Biodiversity Distribution
2. Over exploitation
3. Habitat destruction
4. Alien species
UNIT – III: PROTECTED AREAS
1. Wild life sanctuaries
2. National parks
3. Biosphere reserves
4. Wildlife corridors
UNIT – IV: RESTORATION BIOLOGY
1. Ecological restoration
2. Conservation strategies (in situ and ex situ)
3. Single species conservation
4. Conservation Laws
UNIT – V: COMMUNITY BASED CONSERVATION
1. Community conservation partnership
2. Community conservation conflict
3. Conservation management, Case studies
4. Bio- adoption
(ZAC - II) GENETIC DISORDERS AND GENETIC COUNSELLING
UNIT – I
1. History and genesis of genetics
2. Genetics in relation to other sciences
3. Practical applications of genetics
4. Genetics and the animal world
UNIT – II
1. Genetics and terms associated with it
2. Mendel's experimental approach
3. Monohybrid, Dihybrid and Polyhybrid cross 4. Mendel's laws of inheritance
UNIT – III
1. Biological significance of Mendel's laws
2. Hybrid vigour (Heterosis), Gene penetrance, Expressivity and Pleiotropism
3. Blood groups
4. Polygenic inheritance, Interaction of genes
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UNIT – IV
1. Sex determination, Function of X and Y chromosomes
2. Sex-linked inheritance, Sex-limited genes, Sex-influenced genes
3. Cloning, Environmental mutagen and health
4. Variation in chromosome number (Heteroploidy)
UNIT – V
1. Disorders due to somatic chromosomes (Syndromes)
2. Disorders due to sex chromosomes (Syndromes)
3. Pedigree analysis.
4. Human twins, Genetic counselling, Heredity and environment
(ZAC - 3) HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
UNIT – I: CIRCULATION
1. Heart as a pump
2. Cardiac output and Blood pressure
3. Blood groups
4. Blood coagulation (clotting)
UNIT – II: RESPIRATION
1. Structure of human lung
2. Work of breathing
3. Oxygen transport and delivery
4. Carbon dioxide expiration
UNIT – III: DIGESTION
1. Macro and micro nutrients
2. Vitamins
3. Secretory functions of the digestive system
4. Gastrointestinal disorders
UNIT – IV: EXCRETION
1. Body fluid compartments
2. Urine formation and micturition
3. Mechanism of concentrating and diluting urine
4. Artificial kidney
UNIT – V: ENDOCRINE GLANDS
1. Pituitary - The master gland
2. Thyroid - The metabolic regulator
3. Pancreas - The diabetes on settler
4. Pineal - The third eye
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
16
PRACTICAL SEMESTER – I
Dissection Nervous system of Palaeman malcolmsoni
Museum Specimen
Museum Specimen of invertebrate phyla
Cytogenetic 1. Human Karyotyping
2. Types of chromosomes
3. Study of barr body in drumstick method/ in Buccal Mucosal cell
4. Study of leucocytes in human blood
5. Temporary and permanent preparation of chromosomal slide
6. Study of different stages of cell division
Physiology 1. Calculation of Hb. Concentration
2. Total RBC count
3. Total WBC count
4. Haemin crystal formation
Instrumentation 1. Centrifugation (Working principle)
2. Spectrophotometer
3. Calorimeter
4. Electrophoresis
5. Paper chromatography
6. Beer-Lambert's law (validation)
7. Absorption Maxima
PRACTICAL SEMESTER – II
Biochemistry Experiments: 1. Preparation of standard curve of protein and estimation of protein by biuret reagent/
Colorimetric estimation of Protein of supplied tissue.
2. Preparation of standard curve and estimation of DNA by diphenyl amino reagent.
3. To study the effect of time on the activity of enzyme urase on substrate urea.
Microbiology: 1. Culture of Paramecium in laboratory condition.
2. Study of conjugation in Paramecium.
3. To standardize the ocular micrometer with stage micrometer.
4. To prepare and study the histological tissue through microtomy.
Immunology: To determine the blood group of the given sample.
Environmental experimental:
1. Estimation of D.O in the given sample
CBCS – P.G. Zoology Syllabus
S.C.S. (A) College, Puri
17
2. To estimate the % of organic matter present in the given sample of soil.
3. Endocrinological slides
4. Wild life specimen
To identity the plaster of paries cost of the given pug marks.
PRACTICAL SEMESTER – III
Comparative Osteology: Bones of reptiles and frog (limb, vertebrae)
Developmental Biology:
1. Study of various developmental stages of chick embryo.
2. Study of different developmental stages of any frog.
3. Chick embryo mounting.
Economic Zoology: Identification of insect pest of rice, wheat, pulses and brinjal.
Ecological: 1. Determination of chloride content of various types of water samples.
2. To determine the hardness of given water samples.
PRACTICAL SEMESTER – IV EXPERIMENT:
1. Determination of Gastro Somatic Index (GSI), Hepato Somatic Index (HSI), and
Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) of given fish.
2. Staining of bone and cartilage by Alcian Red and Alizamin Red.
3. Estimation of chloride (mg/g) of given soil sample.
4. Extraction of DNA from tail of tadpole of polypedatus malulatus.
5. Gel-etectrophoresis (PAGE)/ Sample run.
SLIDE:
1. Amphibia (Duodenum, Intestine,Pharynx, lungs, liver, kidney) Bird (lungs, kidney,
liver)
2. Mammal (Lungs, kidney, liver, spleen, skin, ciliated epithelium, cuboidal cell,
columnar epithelium, artery, vein, Hyaline cartilage)
Bones of mammals and Bird
Dissection of Brain of oxygaster faeciatus/ channa sp.