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UCSD 1971

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THE REGENTS OF THE UNNi~'RSITY OF CALIFORNT...A

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INSTIWTE OF MARIHE RESOURCES

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SJI.N DIEGO

La Jolla, California 92037

PROPOSAL TO NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE

Title of Proposed Study

An oceanogr aphic inves tigation of the Eastern Tropical Pacific and

adjacent waters, wi t h special r eference to properties , features, and processes

affect i ng the avai lability of skipj~, yellowfin, and bluef in t1U1a ; including

exploratory fishing for skipjack in presently unfished areas identified from

oceanography, and use of the r~sulting da t a to add to our knowledge of skipjack

life-history, growth , and migrati ons .

Per i od of Investigation

- l July 1971 through J O June 1972

Purposes

To improve the description and tmderstanding of phys:i.cal , chemical

and bi ological conditions i n the Eas t ern Tropice.l Pacifi.c and adjacent lvaters ,

that a ffect availability of skipjack , yellovrfin , and bluef in tuna ;

To use that information to identify unflshecl areas in vrhich under-

util .ized stocks of skipjack, yell m·rfin , al!d bluefin tuna might occur and be

exploita.l'.>le by the U. s. f i shery ;

APPENDIX

Publications and submitted manuscripts from the Scripps Tuna Oceanography Research (STOR) Program; complete list through 1970, including papers on work done in coop­eration with other programs , but excluding abstr acts , progress reports , and papers deal i ng with work done by STOR investigators under other auspices ; asterisk shows papers i n which t h e Nat i onal Marine Fisheries Service p rovided less than half support for the research .

Published

1. Blackburn, M. (1962) . An oceanogr aphic s tudy of the Gulf of Tehuantepec . U. S. Fish Vlildlife Serv., Spec . Sci. Rep . Fish . 404, 28 p .

2 . Bla_ckburn, M. ( l96_3a) . Distribution and abundance of tuna related to vTind and ocean conditions in t h e Gulf of Tchuantepec, Mexico . FAO Fish . Rep . 6( _3 ), pp . 1557- 1582.

_3. Blackburn, M. meteorology .

(l96Jb) . Unmanned moored station systems for oceanography and Trans . Amer . Geophys. Union, 44(2), pp . 595- 598 .

4· Bl ackburn, M. (1965) . Oceanography and the ecology of tunas . Oceanogr . Nar . Biol. Ann . Rev. _3 , pp . 299- _322 .

5 . Blackburn , M. (1966a) . Rel ationships between standing crops at t hree successive t r ophic levels in the eastern tropical Pacific . Pacif . Sci . 20(1), pp. _36-59 .

6 . Blackburn, M. ( l966b). Biological oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific: summary of existing infonnation . U. S. Fish . Wildlife Serv. , Spec . Sci . Rep. Fish . 540 , 18 p .

7 . Blackburn, M. (1968) . Micr onekton of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean : family composition, dis tribution, abundance, and relations to tuna. U. S. Fish . Wildlife Serv., Fish . Bull . 67(1), pp . 71-115 .

8 . Blackburn, M. (l969a) . Peru Current . "Encyclopedia of marine resources, " Van Nostrand Reinhold , New York, pp. 502- 508 .

9 . Blackburn , M. (l969b) . Conditions related to upvrelling which determine distribut ion of tropical tunas off western Baja California . U. S. Fish . Wildlife Serv. , Fish . Bull . 68(1) , pp . 147- 176 .

10. Blackburn, M. ( l969c). Outlook for tuna oceanography . "Perspectives in fi sheries oceanography, " Jap . Soc. Fish. Oceanog . , Tokyo, pp . 221- 225 .

ll. Blackburn, M. and Associates (1962). Tuna oceanography in t he eastern tropi­cal Pacific . U. S. F'i sh . VJildJife Serv. , Spec . Sci. Rep . Fish . 1.00, 48 p .

12. Blackburn, M. , R. C. Gr iffiths , R. lil . Holmes, and vl. H. Thomas (1962) . Physical, chemical, and biological observations in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean : three cruis es to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, 1958- 59 . U. S. Fish . vlildllfe Serv., Spec . Sci. Rep . Fish . 420, 170 p .

13 .

14.

15 .

Blackburn, M. , R. M. Laurs, R. W. Owen, and B. Zeitzschel (1970) . Seasonal and areal changes in s tanding stocks of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and micronekton in the eastern tropical Pacific . Mar . Biol . 7(1), pp . 14- 31.

Blackburn, M.; W. H. Thomas ; B. Zeitzschel (1970) . Micronekton (part); Nutrient chemistry; Phytoplankton (part) . In Eastropac Atlas, Vol . 4, Nat . t-'lar . Fish . Serv. , Circ . 330 .

Boyd, C. M. (1967 ) . The bent hic and pelagic habitats of the red crab, Pleuroncodes planipes . Pacif . ScL 21(3), pp. 394- 403.

16 . Clutter , R. I. (1967) . Zonation of nearshore mysids . Ecol . 48(2), pp . 200-208 .

17 . Clutter, R. I . (1969) . pelagic mysid shrimps .

The microdistribution and social behavior of some J . Exp . Mar . Biol. Oceanog . 3, pp . 125-155 .

18. Dodson , A. N. and W. H. Thomas (1964) . Concentrating plankton in a gentle fashion . Limnol . Oceanogr . 9(3), pp . 455- 456 .

*19 . Eppley, R. W, and Vl, H. 'lhomas (1969). Comparison of half- saturation cons tants for grmvth and nitrate uptake of marine phytoplankton. J . Phycol. 5(4), pp . 375-379.

20 . Griffiths, R. C. (1963). Studies of oceanic fronts in the mouth of the Gulf of California, and area of tuna migrations. FAO Fish . Rep . 6(3), p. 1583-1605 .

21. Griffiths, R. C. ( 1965) . A study of ocean fran ts off Cape San Lucas, Lovrer California. U.S . Flsh. Wildlife Serv. , Spec . Sci . Rep . Fish . 499 , 54 p.

22 . Gr i ffi.ths, R. C. (1968) . Physical, chemical, and biological ocea.nography of the entrance to the Gulf of California, spring of 1960. U. S. Fish Wi ldlife Serv . , Spec . Sci . Rep. Fish . 573 , 47 p .

23. Holmes, R. W. (1962). The preparation of marine phytoplankton for microscopic examination and enumeration on molecular filters . u. s. Fish . Wildlife Serv., Spec . Sci . Rep. Fish . 433, 6 p .

24 . Holmes, R. \AT, (1963) . A summary of productivity measurements in the south­eastern Pacific Ocean. U. S. Atomic Energy Com!lission, Div. Tech . Inform. TID-7633 , pp . 18-57 .

25. Holmes , R. W. (1968) . Description and evaluation of methods for determining incident solar radiation, submarine daylight, chlorophyll~' and primary production used by Scripps Tuna Oceanography Research Program in the eastern tropical Pacific . U. S. Fish . Wildlife Serv. , Spec . Sci . Rep. Fish . 564 , 31 p.

26 . Holmes, R. W. and M. Blackburn (1960) . Physical, chemical, and biological observations in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean : SCOT Expedition, April-June 1958. U. S. Fish . \Hldlife Serv. , Spec . Sci. Rep . Fish . 345, 106 p .

Z7. Holmes, H. W. and. R. J . Lluu ( 1961) . A modified Bccbno.n Hodel DU spech··nphnt.o­meter for seagoing use . U. S. Fish. vJildlife Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep . Fish. 382, L~ p .

28 . Holmes, R. vl. and· J . M. Snodgrass (1961). A multiple- detector irradiance meter and electronic depth .. sensing unit for use in biological oceanography. J . M:ar . Res . 19(1), pp . 40-56.

*29 . Holm-Hansen, 0 ., C. J . Lorenzen, R. W. Holmes , and J , D. H. Strickland (1965) . Fluorometric det ermination of chlorophyll, J . Cons . Internat . Explor . Mer, 30 (1), pp. 3-15 .

*30. Hubbs, c. L. and G. I . Roden (1964). Oceanography and marine life along the Pacific coast of Middle America . "Handbook of Middle American Indians ," vol. 1, pp. 143- 186 , Univ. Texas Press .

31. Jerde, C. W. (1967a) . A comparison of euphausiid shrimp collections made with a micronekton net and a one-meter plankton net . Pacif . Sci . . 21(2) , pp. 178- 181 .

32 . Jerde, C. W. (1967b) . On the distribution of Portunus (Achelous) affinis and Euphylax dovii (Decapoda Brachyura, Portunidae) in ·the eastern tropical Pacif ic. Crustaceana , 13(1), pp . 11- 22 .

33 . Je~de , C. W. (1970) . Further notes on the dis t ribution of Port unus xant usii affinis and Euphylax dovii (Decapoda Brachyura, Portuni dae) in t he eastern tropical Pacific . Crusta.ceana , 19(1) , pp. 84- 88 .

34 · Longhur st , A. R. (l967a) . Vertical distribution of zooplankton in relation to the eas tern Pacific oxygen minimurn. Deep-Sea Res . ll~ , pp . 51-63 .

35 . Longhurst , A. R. (1967b). The pelagic phase of Pleuroncodes planipes Stimson (Crustacea, Galatheidae) in the California Current . CalCOFI Rep . 11, pp . 142-154 .

36 . Lonshurst, A. R. (l967c). Diversity and trophic structure of zooplankton communities i n t he California Current . Deep-Sea Res . 14, pp . 393-408 .

37. Longhurst , A. R. (1968a). Distribut i on of the larvae of Pleuroncodes planipes in the Cal i forni a Current . Limnol . Oceanogr . 13(1), pp . 143-155 .

38. Longhurst , A. R. (1968b) . The biology of mass occurrences of galatheid crustaceans and their utilization as a fisheries resource . FAO Fish . Rep . 57(2), pp . 95- 110 .

39 . Longhurst , A. R., A. D. Reith , R. E. Bm·rer , and D. J_, , R. Seibert (1966). A new sys tem f or the collection of multiple serial plankton samples . Deep-Sea Res . 13, pp . 213-222 .

40. Longhurst , A. R. , C. J . Lorenzen, and W. H. Thomas (1967) . The r ole of pelagic crabs in the grazing of phytoplaP~ton off Baja California . Ecol. 48 (2) , pp . 190- 200 .

41. · Longhurs t , A. R. and D. L. R. Seibert (1967) . Skill in the use of Folsom ' s plankton sample splitter. Limnol . Oceanogr . 12(2), pp . 334-335 .

42 . Lorenzen, C. J . (1965 ). A note on the chl orophyl l and phaeophytin content of the chlorophyll maximQm. Limnol . Oceanogr . 10(3) , pp . 482-48J .

43· Lorenzen, C. J . (1966). A method for t he cont i nuous measurement of in vivo chlorophyJl concentrat ion. Deep-Sea Res . 13, pp . 223-227 .

44 · Lorenzen, C. J . .(1967a) . Determination of chlorophyll and phaeo-pigments : spectrophotometric equat i ons . Limnol. Oceanogr . l2(:;n , pp . 343-31~6 .

) ) '- -

45. Lorenzen , C. J . (l967b) . Vertical distribution of chlorophyll and phaeo­pigments : Baja California. Deep- Sea Res . 14, pp . 735- 745 .

46 . Lorenzen, C. J . (1968). Carbon/chlorophyll relationships in an upwelling area. Limnol . Oceanogr . 13( 1), pp . 202- 204 .

47 . 01·1en, R. W. and B. Zeitzschel (1970) . Phytoplankton product i on :· seasonal change in the oceanic eastern tropical Pacific . Mar . Biol. 7(1), pp. J2- J6 .

*48 . Roden, G. I . ( 1959) . On the heat and salt balance of the California Current r egion . J . Mar . Res . 18( 1) , pp . 36- 61 .

*49 . Roden, G. I . (1960). On t he nonseasonal variations in sea level along the west coas t of North America . J . Geophys . l \es. 65( 9) , pp . 2809- 2826 .

~-50. Roden, G. I. (1961). On the wind- driven circulation in the Gulf of Tehuantepec and its effects upon surface temperatures . Geofis i ca Internacional , Mex. 1(3) , pp. 55-72 .

*51. Roden, G. I. ( 1962). Oceanographic aspects of the eastern equatorial Pacific . Geofisica Internacional, Mex. 2(4) , pp . 77- 92 .

*52 . Roden, G. I . ( 1963) . On sea level, t emperature, and salinit y variations in the central tropical Pacific and on Pacific Ocean islands . J. Geophys . Res . 68(2) , pp. 455- 472 .

*53 · Roden, G. I . (1964) . Oceanographic aspects of the Gulf of California . Amer . Assoc . Petrol eum Geol. , Mem. 3, pp. 30- 58 .

54 . Roden , G. I. and G. W. Groves (1959) . Recent oceanographic investigatj.ons in the Gulf of California . J . Mar . Res . 18(1) , pp . 10-35 .

55 . Roden, G. I . and G. W. Groves (1960) . On the statistical prediction of ocean temperatures . J . Geophys . Res . 65(1) , pp . 249- 26J .

56 . Thomas , W. H. (1963). Physiological factors affecting the interpret at ion of phytoplankton production measurements . u.s. Atomic Energy Commission , Div. Tech . I nform. TID-7633, pp . 147- 162 .

57. Thomas , W. H. (l96L~). An experimental evaluation of the c14 method for measuring phytoplankton production, using cultures of Dunal iell a primolecta Butcher. U. S. Fish Wildlife Serv . , Fish . Bull. 63(2) , pp . 273- 292 .

58. Thomas , H. (l966a) . Effects of t emperature and illuminance on cell division rates of three species of tropical oceanic phytoplankton . J . Phycol . 2(1) , pp . 17- 22 .

59 . Thomas W. H. (1966b) . Surface nitrogenous nutrients and phytop1ankton in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr . 11(3), pp . 393- 400 .

60. Thomas , W. H. (l 966c) . On denHrification in the northeastern tropicaJ. Pacific Ocean . Deep- Sea Res . 13, pp . 1109-111/~ .

61. Thomas, H . H. (1967 ) . The nit:rogen nutrition of phytoplankton in the north­eastern tropical Pacific Ocean . Stud . Trop . Oceanogr . Miami, 5, pp . 280-289 .

62 . Thomas, W. H. (1969) . Phytoplankton nutrient enrichment experiments off Eaja California a.nd in the eastern equatorial Pacif:i.c Ocean. J . Fish . Res . Board Canada, 26 , pp . 1133- 1145 .

63 . Thomas , W. H. (1970a) . On nitrogen deficiency i n tropical Pacific oceanic phytoplankton : photosynthetic parameters i n poor and r i ch water. Limnol. Oceanogr . 15 (3), pp. 380- 385 .

64 . Thomas , \-1 , H. (l970b) . Effect of a.mrnoniwn and ni t r ate concentration on chlorophyll increases in natural tropical Pacific phytoplankton popul ations . Li~nol. Oceanogr . 15( 3), pp . 386- 394 ·

*65 . Thomas , W. H. a nd A. N. Dodson ( 1968). Effects of phosphate concentration on cel l d i vision r ates and yield of a tropical oceanic di atom. Biol . Bull . 134(1), pp. 199- 208 .

*66 . Thomas , \;l. H. , H. L. Scotten, and J . S, Bradsha"H ( 1963) . Thermal gradient i ncubators for small aquatic organi sms . Llinnol. Oceanogr . 8(3), pp . 357- 359 .

67 . Williams , F . (1970) . Sea surface temperature and the d i stribution and apparent abundance of skipjack (KatsuHonus pelamis) in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 1951-1968 . I nter-Amer . Tropical Tuna Comm. Bull. 15(2) , pp . 229- 2$1.

68 . Wooster , W. s. (1959) . Oceanographi c observations in the Panama Bight, Askoy Expedition, 1941. Bull . Amer . Mus . Nat . Hist . 118 (3) , pp . 115- 151.

69 . Wooster , w. s. (1960). El Ni no. Cali f . Co- op . Ocean . Fish . Invest ., Rep . 7, pp . 43- 45 ·

70 . Wooster , '1-T. S. ( l96la) . Yearl y changes in the Peru Current . Llinnol. Oceanogr . 6( 2), pp . 222- 226 .

71 . Wooster, w. S. (l96lb) . Fur ther evidence of a Pac i fic sout h equatorial countercurrent . Deep- Sea Res . 8 , pp. 294- 297 .

¥.·72 . Wooster , W. S. and B. A. Taf t (1958) . On t he reli ab ility of fiel d measurement s of temperature and salinity in the ocean. J . Mar . Res . 17 , pp . 552- 566 .

*73 . Wooster, W. S. a nd M. Gi~oartin (1961) . The Peru- Chile undercurrent . J . Mar . Res . 19(3) , pp . 97- 122 .

¥.·74 . Wooster, W. S. and J . L. Reid (1963) . Eastern boundary current s . "The sea : i deas and observations on progress in the s tudy of the seas ," VoL 2 , pp . 253- 280 , Interscience Publishers , NeH York.

75 . Wyrtki, K. Current .

( J.963) . The horizontal and vertical f i eld of motion in the Peru Scripps Inst . Oceanogr. Bull . 8(4), pp . 313-346.

76 . Wyr tki , K. ( l964a) . Upwelling in the Costa Rica Dome . U. S. Fish . Wildlife Serv., Fish . Bull . 63(2) , pp . 355- 372 .

77. Wyr tki , K. ( l964b) . Total i nt egrated mass transports and actual circulati on in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. "Studies on Oceanography" (Hidaka Anniverscu·y VvL ), Tokyo , pp . 47 - 52 .

78 . Wyrtki, K. ( l964c) . The ther mal structure of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Deutsch . Hydrog . Ze i tschr . , Erganzungsheft A(6), pp . 6- 84 .

79 . Wyrtki, K. (1965a) . Surface currents of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Inter-Amer . Tropical Tuna Comm. Bull . 9(5) , pp . 271- 304.

80 . Wyrtki, K. (l965b} . The annual and semiannual variation of sea surface temperature in the North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr . lO( J ), pp . )07- 313.

81. Wyrtki, K. ( 1965c) . The average ann~al heat balance of the North Pacific Ocean and its r elation to ocean dirculat i on. J . Geophys . Res. 70(18), pp. 4547- 4559 .

82. Wyrtki , K. (1966a) . Seasonal variation of heat exchange and surface temper ature in the North Pacific Ocean . HavTaii Inst . Geophys . , No . 66- 3 , 8p. , 72 figures .

83 . Wyrtki, K. (l966b) . Oceanography of t he eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean . Oceanogr . Har . Biol. Ann . Rev. ~- , pp . 33- 68 .

84 . Wyrtki , K. (1967) . Circulation and "\-Tater masses in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Intern. J . Oceanol . Limnol. 1(2), pp. 117- 147 -

85 . Wyrtki, K. and E. B. Bennett (1963) . Vertical eddy viscosity i n the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent. Deep-Sea Res . 10(4), pp . 449-455 .

86. Yoshida , K. (1967) . Circulat i on in the eastern tropical oceans with special reference to up-vrelling and undercurrents . Jap . J. Geophys . L. ( 2) , pp. 1- 75 .

87 . Zeitzschel, B. (1969) . Primary productivity in the Gulf of California . Mar . Biol. 3(3), pp. 201- 207 .

In press or submitted

88. Blackburn, M. and R. M. Laurs . Distribut ion of forage of skipj ack tuna ( Euth~nnus pelamis ) in the eastern t r opical Pacific . Nat . Mar . Fish . Serv. , Fish . Bull.

89 . Blackburn, M.; W. H. Thomas ; B. Zei tzschel . Micronekton (part); Nutrient Chemistry; Phytoplankton (part). In Eastropac Atlas, Vol . 2, Nat . Mar. Fish . Scrv. , Circ. 330 .

90 . Longhurst , A. R. and D. L. R. Seibert . Oceanic distribution of Evadne in the eastern Pacific . Crustaceana.

91 . Longhurst , A. R. and D. L. R. Seibert . Breeding in an expatriate oceanic population of PJ.euroncodes planipes (Crustacea, Galatheidae) . Pacif . Sci.

92. Thomas , W. H. , E. H. Renger, and A. N. Dodson. Near - sur face organic nitrogen in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean . Deep-Se~ Res .

9J . Thomo.::;, ~rl . li , and n. ~'T , O;.ren. F.stimatine: phytoplankton production from arrunonium and chl orophyll concentrat i ons i n nutrient-poor ~·Tater of the eastern tropl ca.l Pacific Ocean . U. S. Fish. Hildlife Serv., Fish . Bull .

94 - Ze itr.schcl , B. On the quantity, compos ition and dis tribution of suspended particulate matter in the Gulf of California . Mar . Biol.