Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work

8/6/2019 Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work

1/18

SCHOOL LEVEL SCIENCE FAIR 2011

SCRAP BOOK

Bamboo

PLANTS

Name : S. SREE HARI

Year : II Tirunavukarasar

School : SJK (T) Tun Sambanthan Pajam Mantin, N. Sembilan

Take care of the trees, they will take care of you

1


2/18

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my deepest gratitude and an appreciation to Mrs..Maheswari

teacher, for the opportunity, supervision and guidance in assisting me to complete this

scrap book in a successful way. It is my duty to extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Ravi

Perumal, Head Master, Mrs Nalayani teacher and other class teachers for their

continuous support and encouragement.

2


3/18

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No Title Page No.

1 Introduction 4

2 Plant Parts 53 Basic Needs of Plants 6

4 Plants Parts 7

5 Types of Non-flowering Plants 11

6 Images of Soft Stem Plants 12

7 Images of Woody Stem plants 14

8 Plants and life on earth 14

9 Images of Biomas 17

10 Conclusion 18

11 References 18

Introduction

Plants are critical to other life on this planet because they form the basis of all food

webs. Most plants are autotrophic, creating their own food using water, carbon

dioxide, and light through a process called photosynthesis. Some of the earliest fossils

found have been aged at 3.8 billion years. These fossil deposits show evidence of

photosynthesis, so plants, or the plant-like ancestors of plants, have lived on this

3


4/18

planet longer that most other groups of organisms. At one time, anything that was

green and that wasnt an animal was considered to be a plant. Now, what were once

considered plants are divided into several kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, and Plantae.

Most aquatic plants occur in the kingdoms Plantae and Protista.

Plants are alive, just like people and animals. How do we know this? Living things all

do certain things:

They grow and die.

They need energy, nutrients, air, and water.

They produce young.

They are made up of cells.

They react to what's around them.

Plant Parts

Plant parts do different things for the plant.

Roots

Roots act like straws absorbing water and

minerals from the soil. Tiny root hairs stick

out of the root, helping in the absorption.

Roots help to anchor the plant in the soil so it

does not fall over. Roots also store extra food

for future use.

4


5/18

Stems

Stems do many things. They support the plant. They act like the plant's plumbing

system, conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose

from the leaves to other plant parts. Stems can be herbaceous like the bendable stem

of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree.

Leaves

Most plants' food is made in their leaves. Leaves are designed to capture sunlight

which the plant uses to make food through a process called photosynthesis.

Flowers

Flowers are the reproductive part of most plants. Flowers contain pollen and tiny eggs

called ovules. After pollination of the flower and fertilization of the ovule, the ovule

develops into a fruit.

Fruit

Fruit provides a covering for seeds. Fruit can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a nut.

Seeds

Seeds contain new plants. Seeds form in fruit.

Basic Needs of Plants

Plants need several things to make their own food.

They need:

Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in the leaves of plants

5


6/18

Light (either natural sunlight or artificial light, like from a light bulb)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) (a gas found in the air; one of the gases people and

animals breathe out when they exhale)

Water (which the plant collects through its roots)

Nutrients and minerals (which the plant collects from the soil through its

roots)

Plants make food in their leaves. The leaves contain a pigment called

chlorophyll, which colors the leaves green. Chlorophyll can make food the

plant can use from carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and energy from sunlight.

This process is called photosynthesis.

Plant Groups

Scientists divide plants into about 35 groups called phyla (one is a phylum). These are

some of the more important phyla:

Seaweed

Mosses

Ferns

Pine trees

Flowering Plants

Seaweed: For the first two billion years of life on Earth, there were only one-celled

creatures. But after early eukaryote cells began to reproduce by meiosis in addition

to mitosis, about 1.4 billion years ago. Beginning about 600 million years ago, seaweed was

one of these early plants with more than one cell. Seaweed lived in the ocean.

6
http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/seaweed/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/angiosperms.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/physics/space/earth.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/eukaryote.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/meiosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/mitosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/seaweed/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/angiosperms.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/physics/space/earth.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/eukaryote.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/meiosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/mitosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htm


7/18

Seaweed evolved to live in shallow ocean water, where there was

enough sunlight forphotosynthesis, and rocks to attach themselves to.

Seaweed

Mosses: By about 540 million years ago, some early plants evolved from

earlieralgae that could live on land, outside of the water. These plants were like

modern moss. All of the animals were still living in the water, so on land there was

only moss and mushrooms. Like other plants, moss plants make their own food

byphotosynthesis. All of the cells in a moss plant can photosynthesize, thanks to

theirchloroplasts, so moss plants don't need a circulatory or vascular system.

7
http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/physics/light/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/photosynthesis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/rocks/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/cambrian.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/eukaryote.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/chemistry/atoms/water.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/mushrooms/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/photosynthesis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/chloroplast.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/physics/light/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/photosynthesis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/rocks/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/cambrian.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/eukaryote.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/chemistry/atoms/water.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/mushrooms/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/photosynthesis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/chloroplast.htm


8/18

Moss close up

Ferns: Afterflowering plants evolved, about 100 million years ago, they were more

successful than ferns and most of the places where ferns had grown were taken over

by the flowering plants. Perhaps in response, ferns evolved quickly into new forms,

becoming more like modern ferns. Today ferns grow mainly in places where

flowering plants can't grow because it is too wet or too shady or the dirt is too acidic,

or there isn't enough dirt (like in cracks in rocks). Some ferns have evolved to live on

the flowering plants themselves, growing right on the trunks of living trees.

8
http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/gymnosperms.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/gymnosperms.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/index.htm


9/18

Fern

Pine trees: Near the end of the Carboniferous period, about 300 million years ago, the

land on Earth got a lot drier than it had been before. This was because plate

tectonics was bringing all of the land together into one big continent, Pangaea. Plants

that needed a lot of water, like fernsa nd moss and mushrooms, began to die out, and

plants that could live with much less water did better. That was a big advantage in the

drier climate, and these dry land plants soon spread all over the new big continent of

Pangaea. These plants were pine trees, or conifers.

Pine tree

9
http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/carboniferous.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/mushrooms/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/carboniferous.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/mushrooms/index.htm


10/18

Flowers: The earliest flowers developed about 360 million years ago, in the

late Devonian period, as a way to attract insects and get them to help spread the plant's

pollen far away from where the plant was growing. Flowers didn't become really

common, though, until the Cretaceous period.

Flowers

Types of Non-Flowering Plants

This article was created by a professional writer and edited by experienced copy

editors, both qualified members of the Demand Media Studios community. All

articles go through an editorial process that includes subject matter guidelines,

plagiarism review, fact-checking, and other steps in effort to provide reliable

information.

By an eHow Contributor

Plants can be divided into two broad categories based on their means of reproduction:

flowering plants (spermatophytes) and non-flowering plants (crytogams). Non-

flowering plants can, in turn, be sub-divided into five main types.

10
http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/devonian.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/cretaceous.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/devonian.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/cretaceous.htm


11/18

Algae: These simple plants reproduce by means of spores, and can be found in both

terrestrial and aquatic environments. They range from single-celled bacteria to

seaweeds.

Mosses: Mosses, also called Bryophytes, do not have roots, but rather use tiny hair-

like structures to penetrate the soil. They require a damp environment in order

to survive, and reproduce by means of spores.

Ferns: Ferns bear feather-like leaves, which grow above the ground while their stem

and roots grow underground. They reproduce by means of spores that grow

under their leaves.

Conifers: These are evergreen trees that bear needle-like leaves and reproduce by

means of seeds that form inside the conifer's cones.

Fungi: Fungi lack the green pigment chlorophyll, which is used by green plants to

convert sunlight into food.

Images of Soft Stem Plants

11


12/18

Soft Stem Rush (Scirpusvalidis)

A vigorous plant growing to 6 tall

with large diameter spikes, anexcellent background plant formedium to large ponds

Grows in full sun

Plant up to 6" deep.

12


13/18

Image of Woody Stem plants

Plants and Life on Earth

Plants help the environment (and us!) in many different ways:

Plants are very important to us. All food people eat comes directly or indirectly from

plants.

13


14/18

Directly from plants: Indirectly from plants:

For

example, apples comefrom an apple tree. Theflour used to make breadcomes from a wheatplant.

Steak comes from a cow,and we all know that cowsare animals, not plants,right? But what does thecow eat? It eats grassand grainsPLANTS!

So all the foods we eat come from plants.

Plants make food

Plants are the only organisms that can convert light energy

from the sun into food. And plants produce ALL of the

food that animals, including people, eat even meat. The

animals that give us meat, such as chickens and cows, eat grass, oats, corn, or some

other plants.

Plants make oxygen

One of the materials that plants produce as they make food is oxygen gas. This

oxygen gas, which is an important part of the air, is the gas that plants and animals

must have in order to stay alive. When people breathe, it is the oxygen that we take

out of the air to keep our cells and bodies alive. All of the oxygen available for living

organisms comes from plants.

14


15/18

Plants provide habitats for animals

Plants are the primary habitat for thousands of other organisms.

Animals live in, on, or under plants. Plants provide shelter and safety

for animals. Plants also provide a place for animals to find other

food. As a habitat, plants alter the climate. On a small scale, plants

provide shade, help moderate the temperature, and protect animals from the wind. On

a larger scale, such as in tropical rainforests, plants actually change the rainfall

patterns over large areas of the earth's surface.

Plants help make and preserve soil

In the forest and the prairie, the roots of plants help hold the soil together. This

reduces erosion and helps conserve the soil. Plants also help make soil. Soil is made

up of lots of particles of rocks which are broken down into very small pieces. When

plants die, their decomposed remains are added to the soil. This helps to make the

soil rich with nutrients.

Plants provide useful products for people

Many plants are important sources of products that people use, including food, fibers

(for cloth), and medicines. Plants also help provide some of our energy needs. In

some parts of the world, wood is the primary fuel used by people to cook their meals

and heat their homes. Many of the other types of fuel we use today, such as coal,

natural gas, and gasoline, were made from plants that lived millions of years ago.

15


16/18

Plants beautify

Plants, because of their beauty, are important elements of out human world. When we

build houses and other buildings, we never think the job is done until we have planted

trees, shrubs, and flowers to make what we have built much nicer.

Images of Different Biomes

Biomes are a region of the Earth's surface and the particular combination of climate,

plants and animals that are found in it.

Desert Grassland

Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Rain Forest

16
http://popup%28%27desert.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27grass.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27troprf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27temprf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27troprf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27desert.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27grass.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27desert.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27grass.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27troprf.html%27%29/


17/18

Temperate Deciduous Forest Taiga

Tundra In Water

Conclusion

Plants directly and indirectly help a lot to the man kind in turn it is our duty to save

the plants and environment.

References

i) www.historyforkids.org

ii) www.theplantlist.orgiii) www.waynesword.palomar.edu

iv) www.ehow.com

v) www.mbgnet.net/bioplants

vi) www.botanical-online.com

vii) www.ecofuture.net

Plant a tree and get air for free If you cut a tree you cut your life

17
http://popup%28%27taiga.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tundra.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27inwater.html%27%29/http://www.historyforkids.org/http://www.theplantlist.org/http://www.waynesword.palomar.edu/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplantshttp://www.botanical-online.com/http://www.ecofuture.net/http://popup%28%27inwater.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tundra.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27taiga.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tempdf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27taiga.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tundra.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27inwater.html%27%29/http://www.historyforkids.org/http://www.theplantlist.org/http://www.waynesword.palomar.edu/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplantshttp://www.botanical-online.com/http://www.ecofuture.net/


18/18

****************

18

Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work

Documents

Transcript of Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work